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B GIO DC V O TO

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

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HUNH TRUNG PHC

NGHIN CU V LA CHN CC TIU CHUN CHO MNG CUNG CP DCH V IPTV

CHUYN NGNH : K THUT IN T M S: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

H NI - 2010

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Lun vn c hon thnh ti: Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. HONG NG HUYN

Phnbin Phnbin

1:

2:

Lun vn s c bo v trc hi ng chm lun vn ti Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Vo lc: ............... ....... gi ....... ngy ....... thng ....... nm

C th tm hiu lun vn ti: - Th vin Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng

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M U Ngy nay, truyn hnh da trn giao thc Internet IPTV ang pht trin mnh m v tin ti v tr ch cht trong cng nghip truyn hnh thu ph, cng l dch v thu ht c s ch ca rt nhiu cc cng ty vin thng trn th gii. IPTV c th cung cp c tn hiu truyn hnh, Video song song vi cc dch v a phng tin khc trn cng mt kt ni Internet. C th, IPTV s dng mt kt ni bng rng v mt h thng mng phn phi cc chng trnh truyn hnh s dng giao thc IP. Tuy nhin do cng ngh IPTV cn mi m, cc t chc tr n th gii nht l ITU cha a ra b tiu chun cho cng ngh IPTV. Trong khi Vit Nam c nhiu nh cung cp dch v IPTV c th c trin khai trn nhiu mng truy nhp khc nhau. Do vy cn phi c cc tiu chun cho h thng IPTV ph hp vi cc mng Vin thng hin nay ca Vit Nam. Xut pht t tng , lun vn s nghin cu cc tiu chun tn hiu cho h thng IPTV. ng thi xut tiu chun p dng cho h thng IPTV theo xu hng thng nht cc tiu chun trn th gii. ti Nghin cu v la chn cc tiu chun cho mng cung cp dch v IPTV. Ni dung ca bo co c trnh by trong 3 chng nh sau: Chng 1: Tng quan v h thng cung cp dch v IPTV Chng 2: Cc tiu chun ca h thng IPTV v xut tiu chun cho h thng IPTV Vit Nam. Chng 3: Nghin cu xut gii php trin khai IPTV ti Thnh ph Nng

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Chng 1 TNG QUAN V H THNG CUNG CP DCH V IPTV 1.1. TNG QUAN V IPTV 1.1.1. Khi nim IPTV IPTV c IEC nh ngha l h thng c s dng phn phi cc dch v truyn hnh s ti ngi dng ang k thu bao vi h thng. Vic phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh c thc hin bng giao thc IP qua kt ni bng rng thng trong mng c qun tr nhiu hn so vi mng Internet cng cng m bo cht lng dch v. 1.1.2. Cc c trng ca dch v IPTV - H tr truyn hnh tng tc - Dch thi gian - Tnh c nhn - Yu cu bng thng thp 1.2. M HNH KIN TRC H THNG CUNG CP DCH V IPTV 1.2.1. M hnh mng IPTV M hnh h thng IPTV end to end nh trn hnh 1.1

Hnh 1.1: M hnh h thng IPTV end to end

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+ Trung tm d liu IPTV + Mng truy cp bng thng rng + Thit b khch hng IPTVCD + Mng gia nh 1.2.2. Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV

Hnh 1.2: M hnh kin trc h thng cung cp dch v IPTV - H thng cung cp ngun d liu - H thng Headend - H thng Middleware - H thng phn phi ni dung - H thng qun l bn quyn (DRM) - Mng truy nhp - Set-top-Box (STB) - H thng qun l mng v tnh cc 1.2.3. Cc hnh thc phn phi IPTV Hin nay c ba phng thc dng phn phi ni dung IPTV qua mng IP l: Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast.

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1.2.4. Cc vn k thut v cng ngh cho IPTV - Vn x l ni dung - VoD v Video server - Cc h thng h tr hot ng 1.3. CC DCH V V NG DNG IPTV 1.3.1. Truyn hnh qung b k thut s Chc nng ca truyn hnh qung b thng thng, truyn hnh cp v v tinh l cung cp tt c cc knh ng thi ti nh thu bao. Tuy nhin, IPTV ch phn phi cc knh m khch hng mun xem v n c kh nng cung cp khng gii hn s knh ny. 1.3.2. Video theo yu cu VoD VoD l dch v cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh da trn cc yu cu ca thu bao. 1.3.3. Qung co c a ch Thng tin, tin nhn c bit hoc ni dung a phng tin gia thit b v khch hng da trn a ch ca h gi l qung co c a ch. 1.4. S DNG H TNG MNG VIN THNG T CHC MNG IPTV 1.4.1. Cc loi mng truy nhp bng rng dng trin khai dch v IPTV - Mng truy cp cp quang - Mng DSL - Mng cp truyn hnh HFC - Mng Internet 1.4.2. Cc cng ngh mng li IPTV C 2 loi cng ngh truyn dn mng li chnh c s dng lm h tng mng IPTV l: IP trn MPLS v Metro Ethernet.

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Chng 2 CC TIU CHUN CA H THNG IPTV V LA CHN TIU CHUN H THNG IPTV VIT NAM 2.1. L DO XY DNG CC TIU CHUN CHO DCH V IPTV - Chun nn Video ca ITU-T - Chun nn Video ca MPEG - Mt s yu cu i vi c ch m ha video - L do xy dng cc tiu chun cho dch v IPTV 2.2. M HA V GII M TN HIU VIDEO V AUDIO 2.2.1. S khi tng qut ca mt h thng truyn hnh s.
Video M ha v nn Video M ha v nn Data M ha v nn Audio Chuyn m (m chp, m xon) M ha knh iu ch pht

Data

MUX

Audio

Video

Gii m v gin Video Gii m v gin Video Gii m gin v nn Video DE MUX Gii m knh Thu

Data

Gii m

Audio

Hnh 2.2: Qu trnh m ha v gii m tn hiu truyn hnh

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Qu trnh m ha tn hiu video v audio trong truyn hnh s thc cht l qu trnh nn tn hiu thit b pht, gii m tn hiu video v audio l qu trnh gii nn c thc hin thit b thu 2.2.2. Nn tn hiu video Nn nh thc cht l qu trnh s dng cc php bin i loi b i cc s d tha v loi b tnh c nh ca ngun d liu, to ra ngun d liu mi c lng thng tin nh hn, ng thi s dng cc dng m ho c kh nng tn dng xc sut xut hin ca cc mu sao cho s lng bt s dng m ho mt lng thng tin nht nh l nh nht m vn m bo cht lng theo yu cu. 2.2.2.1. Nn video bng phng php iu xung m vi sai Nguyn l c bn ca n l: Ch truyn ti tn hiu vi sai gia mu cho v tr d bo c to ra t cc mu trc . + X l gii tng h trong k thut DPCM + K thut to d bo Trong k thut nn iu xung m vi sai DPCM, qu trnh gii tng h c thc hin bng mt b lc c p ng u ra l hiu s gia cc mu im lin tip u vo v mt gi tr d bo ca mu im to c da trn gi tr cc mu ln cn theo mt qui lut nht nh. + Sai s d bo (Prediction error) Sai s d bo ch l s chnh lch gia gi tr d bo v gi tr thc. + Khi nim b chuyn ng (motion compensation) v vecto chuyn ng Trong dng tn hiu Video thng thng, cc khung lin nhau thng ging nhau. Do vy trong d bo Interframe mt chiu tc l ly khung lin trc lm nh d bo cho khung lin sau, gi tr d

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bo rt gn gi tr nh thc t dn ti sai s d bo nh, tc dng bit d liu nh. Khi c chuyn ng, nh d bo khng phi l nh k trc m l nh c b chuyn ng. Gi tr sai s d bo: P = khung trc - khung hin hnh + vecto chuyn ng * H thng DPCM c b chuyn ng

Hnh 2.4: M ha/ Gii m DPCM 2.2.2.2. Nn Video bng phng php m ho chuyn i + X l gii tng h trong k thut TC Php bin i ph hp nht cho nn tn hiu Video l php bin i cosin ri rc (Discrete Cosine Transform- DCT). Thay v lng t ho v m ha trc tip bin im nh, ngi ta s lng t ho v m ho cc h s DCT.

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+ Bin i Cosin ri rc (Discrete cosine transform-DCT) Bn thn DCT khng nn d liu, khng lm gim tc bt. Bi vy, nn d liu ngi ta phi lng t ho cc h s DCT theo mt bng trng s nht nh sao cho s cc h s khc 0 ng vi lng thng tin trong mt khi l nh nht. ng thi, cc h s DCT cng c qut theo mt cch c bit s h s 0 i lin nhau nhiu nht nhm gim s bt cn dng cho m ho h s DCT. + Lng t ha cc h s DCT Qa trnh lng t ho v m ho cc h s DCT chnh l cc qu trnh lm gim tc bt. + Qut cc h s DCT Dng s l dng truyn ti cc bit ni tip theo thi gian. Do vy cn mt qu trnh sp xp cc h s DCT lng t trong ma trn hai chiu thnh dy mt chiu ni tip nhau. Qu trnh gi l qut h s DCT. C hai dng thc qut cho s h s 0 l qut zig-zag v qut lun phin (alternate).

Hnh 2.6: Qut cc h s DCT

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+ M ha cc h s DCT Vic m ho c qui nh bi cc bng m. ng vi mu u vo i chiu theo bng m s cho t m u ra tng ng. - Bng 2.1: Gi tr h s AC v phn hng - Bng 2.2: M ha Huffman cho h s DC

- Bng 2.3: Bng m Huffman cho h s AC

Hnh v 2.7 minh ha qu trnh qut v m ho mt khi cc h s DCT: + H thng nn bng phng php m ha chuyn i

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Hnh 2.8: Nn nh theo cng ngh m ha chuyn i 2.2.2.3. S kt hp cc phng php nn C th hiu mt cch n gin, kt hp cc phng php nn l to ra mt qu trnh nn nhiu bc nhm t c hiu sut nn cao. Tiu chun nn ph bin hin nay l MPEG, s dng kt hp hai phng php nn: iu xung m vi sai v m ho chuyn i. 2.2.3. Nn tn hiu Audio Phng php m ho ngun c s dng loi b i s d tha trong tn hiu audio khi gi tr vi sai mu- mu xp x gn gi tr 0, cn che lp da trn m hnh tm l thnh gic ca con ngi c

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tc dng loi b cc mu khng c gi tr cm nhn cc mu khng nghe thy. C hai phng php nn c bn, l: - M ho d bo min thi gian: s dng m ho vi sai m ho cc gi tr chch lch gia cc mu lin tip nhau loi b s d tha thng tin nhm thu c dng bt tc thp. - M ho chuyn i min tn s: Cng ngh ny s dng cc khi mu PCM tuyn tnh bin i t min thi gian thnh mt s nht nh cc bng tn trong min tn s.

Hnh 2.11: B m ha tn hiu audio 2.3. TIU CHUN CHO TN HIU VIDEO Hin nay c cc chun nn ph bin l Motion JPEG (MJPEG), Wavelet, H.261/ H.263/ H.263+/ H.263++ v MPEG-1/ MPEG-2/ MPEG-4. Nhn chung, c 02 nhm tiu chun ch yu l nhm 1 gm nh dng nn MJPEG v Wavelet v nhm 2 gm cc nh dng chun cn li. 2.3.1. Chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet

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Trng tm ca cc nghin cu v nn nh l gim bt mt s bit biu din nh bng vic loi b d tha trong min khng gian v min tn s cng nhiu cng tt. Cc chun nn MJPEG v Wavelet u tun theo nguyn tc tm ra cc phn t d tha min khng gian. 2.3.2. Chun nn MPEG-x v H.26x 2.3.3. Chun nn MPEG-2 MPEG-2 bao gm cc phn chnh sau: - MPEG-2 Video part (Part 2): tng t MPEG-1, nhng ch h tr video xen k l khun dng c s dng cho cc h thng truyn hnh qung b. - MPEG-2 Audio part (Part 3): ci tin chc nng m thanh ca MPEG-1 bng cch cho php m ha cc chng trnh m thanh vi nhiu hn hai knh. Part 3 cng cng tng thch vi chun trc, cho php cc b gii m m thanh MPEG-1 gii m cc thnh phn m thanh ni (stereo). MPEG-2 c dng m ha hnh nh ng v m thanh v to ra ba kiu khung s liu (intra frame, forward predictive frame v bidirectional pridicted frame) c th c sp xp theo mt trt t c th gi l cu trc nhm cc hnh nh GOP. 2.3.4. Chun nn MPEG-4 Chun MPEG-4 cung cp cc phn b trong kt cu logic v nng lc gii m tng dng bit ring r . Mi profile l mt phn b xc nh trn ton bit stream v d: mt phn gii ca video s xc nh mt s tiu ch bt buc cho tham s ca bc nh nh kch thc nh, s lng bit, .... Mi bit stream hin th trong nh dng nn MPEG-4 cung cp mt m t mang tnh phn tng v hnh nh hin th. Tng lp d

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liu c a vo lung bit bi nhng mt m c bit gi l mt m khi ngun. Cc i tng MPEG-4 - Lp i tng video (VOL) - Mt phng i tng video (VOP) 2.3.5. Chun nn H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC + Gii thiu v chun nn H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC + Mt s tnh nng quan trng ca H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 - B chuyn ng a hnh - B chuyn ng block: Cu trc cp macroblock, cho php cc macroblock kch thc 16x16 so vi 16x8 MPEG-2. - chnh xc b chuyn ng ln n 1/4 pixel, cho php th hin chnh xc cc dch chuyn ca vng chuyn ng. - nh s khung - m th t - Cc profile ca H264 + Yu cu v bng thng ca cc chun nn Bng 2.4: So snh hot ng ca chun nn MPEG-1 MPEG-2 nt tiu nt cao 18 Mbps MPEG-4 Part 2 - 4 Mbps 10 H.264 8 - 10 Mbps ng dng Video Internet, MP3 20 Digital DVD Multi video TV, on chun Ln n 1,5 Mbps 4 - 5 Mbps

C th thy c t bng so snh trn, k thut m ha H.264 rt hiu qu di bng thng thp. Cht lng video ca

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chun H.264 ti bng thng 1,5 Mbps tt hn so vi chun MPEG-2 bng thng 3 Mbps. S dng chun nn H.264 c th tit kim c hn mt na bng thng. 2.4. TIU CHUN CHO TN HIU AUDIO c tnh k thut c bn ca tiu chun nn audio MPEG-1 v MPEG-2 c trnh by tm tt trong Bng 2.5 Bng 2.5: c tnh k thut chun nn audio MPEG-1 v MPEG-2 MPEG-1 phn gii u vo Tn s ly mu Tc bit S lng knh 16 bit 48 KHz - 44,132 KHz T do c th ln n 448 Kbps 2 knh vi cc mode : mono, stereo, dual, joint stereo Tnh tng hp Kh nng co gin * Tiu chun AC-3 B nn audio sAC-3 c th m ha t cc knh 1 n knh 5,1. Sau khi qua b m ha AC3 thnh dng s liu c tc 384 Kbit/s 2.5. CC GIAO THC TRN MNG TRUYN TI IP 2.5.1. Giao thc cho dch v multicast - Giao thc IGMP Thun v ngc Cc knh left, right c th gii m c lp nhau MPEG-2 16 bit, c th ln n 24 bit 48 KHz 44,312 KHz ; 24 KHz 22,0516 KHz T do c th ln n 256 Kbps 6 knh : left, right, center, left surround, right surround v LFE

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- Giao thc PIM 2.5.2. Giao thc cho dch v unicast Giao thc c s dng cho dch v unicast l RTSP. 2.5.3. Giao thc cho dch v VoIP Giao thc c s dng cho dch v VOIP l giao thc SIP. 2.6. TIU CHUN CHO MNG TRUY NHP 2.6.1. Cng ngh mng truy nhp xDSL Vi cng ngh nn hin nay, c DSL hoc ADSL u c th cung cp dch v IPTV. VDSL c kh nng cung cp bng thng ln hn cho thu bao ln ti 50 Mbps ng download, bng thng ca cc loi XDSL c th hin bng 2.6 Bng 2.6: Cc dng chun ca ADSL Common name ADSL ADSL ADSL over POTS ADSL over POTS ADSL.Lite (G.Lite) ADSL2 ADSL2 RE-ADSL2 ADSL2+ RE-ADSL2+ ADSL2+M Downstream rate 8 Mbps 12 Mbps 12 Mbps 12 Mbps 4 Mbps 12 Mbps 12 Mbps 5 Mbps 24 Mbps 24 Mbps 24 Mbps Upstream rate 1.0 Mbps 1.3 Mbps 1.3 Mbps 1.8 Mbps 0.5 Mbps 1.0 Mbps 3.5 Mbps 0.8 Mbps 1.0 Mbps 1.0 Mbps 3.5 Mbps

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Hnh 2.15: S trin khai IPTV trn ADSL 2.6.2. Cng ngh mng truy nhp FTTx FTTx c phn thnh cc loi chnh nh sau: - FTTH - Fiber To The Home: Cp quang n tn nh - FTTB - Fiber To The Building: Cp quang n ta nh - FTTC - Fiber To The Curb: Cp quang n va h - FTTN - Fiber To The Node: Cp quang ti tng i trung - Hnh 2.16: Cng ngh mng truy nhp FTTx 2.7. CC TIU CHUN KHUYN NGH TRN TH GII Hin ti ITU v ang xc tin tin gn n vic chun ha IPTV. Ngoi ITU, mt s t chc nh DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting), ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Insstitute), TV-Anytime Forum, ATSC (Advanced Television Standards Committee), ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) cng ang nghin cu cc tiu chun v bng rng lin quan n IP. + Cc k thut c chun ha i vi IPTV: - Cc chc nng kt cui b thu

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- M ha a phng tin - Thng tin dch v - Siu d liu - iu khin truy nhp v c im k thut ca b thu - Knh truyn thng - M ha v truyn dn - Bo v ni dung - Bng 2.7: Mt s khuyn ngh d tho ca ITU v IPTV 2.8. XUT V LA CHN CC TIU CHUN CHO H THNG IPTV VIT NAM 2.8.1. So snh chun nn MPEG-4/H264 AVC vi cc chun nn khc Chun nn H.264/AVC gim mt na bng thng cn thit phn phi video s cht lng DVB y mn hnh n khch hng, v gim yu cu bng thng truyn dn truyn hnh s cht lng chun (SDTV) xung 700 kbps (kb/s). 2.8.2. La chn tiu chun tn hiu cho h thng IPTV Vit Nam Nh so snh trn chun nn MPEG-4 hoc H.264/AVC c nhiu u im hn v bng thng, n ph hp vi mi trng truyn dn tn hiu IP v mng truy nhp. Nht l n ph hp vi vic cung cp dch v IPTV k c knh SDTV v HDTV. Do vy cung cp dch v IPTV cht lng cao nh knh HDTV nn dng chun nn tn hiu MPEG-4 hoc H.264/AVC. Tuy nhin tit kim bng thng th cc knh truyn hnh thng thng nh SDTV nn dng chun nn MPEG-2.

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CHNG 3 NGHIN CU XUT GII PHP TRIN KHAI IPTV TI THNH PH NNG 3.1. NH GI H TNG MNG VIN THNG NNG V KH NNG TRUYN TI TN HIU IPTV. 3.1.1. Mng MANE v m hnh trin khai dch v IPTV ti thnh ph Nng Hnh 3.1: Mng MANE TP Nng Nh vy mng MANE ca VNPT Nng gm c 4 vng Ring 3.1.2. S kt ni thu bao MyTV ti Vin thng Nng Hnh 3.2: M hnh kt ni thu bao MyTV ti Vin thng Nng - H thng my ch ni dung ca dch v MyTV c kt ni tr n Core VN do ch c nhng IP-DSLAM u chuyn sang MANE mi trin khai c dch v MyTV. 3.1.3. S kt ni thu bao SonghanTV ti Vin thng Nng Hnh 3.3: M hnh kt ni thu bao MyTV ti Vin thng Nng My ch ni dung SonghanTV c u ni trc tip vo CoreSwitch L3 ca h thng IP-DSLAM nn c th trin khai ngay dch v SonghanTV 3.1.4. S u ni gia VTC Headend v mng MANE ca VNPT Nng Hnh 3.4: S u ni gia VTC Headend v MANE Nng 3.1.5. Qu trnh trin khai Xy dng cu hnh nh sau: * Kt ni gia VTC Router v PE

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* Kt ni t PE n thu bao ADSL2+ s dng dch v IPTV * Ti PE trong mng MAN kt ni vi IP_DSLAM 3.2. XUT CU TRC, TIU CHUN CUNG CP DCH V IPTV TI THNH PH NNG 3.2.1. Phn tch v nh gi tnh hnh trin khai dch v IPTV. Hin nay IPTV l dch v mi nn cn cha pht trin c nh CATV . * Phn tch nguyn nhn: + V mt khch hng: + V mt k thut: + Chn chun m ha: + V thit b u cui: 3.2.2. Mt s xut trin khai c hiu qu mng cung cp dch v IPTV - Phn loi u tin lu lng IPTV - tn dng trit mng cp ng th cn phi qui hoch li mng cho hp l v ng thi nng cao cht lng mng - Cn sm xy dng l trnh trin khai mng IPTV NGN v a thit b IP STB vo s dng.

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KT LUN V HNG NGHIN CU TIP THEO Vi cc ni dung trnh by, lun vn gii thiu tng quan v dch v IPTV. ng thi cng nghin cu nhng vn ch yu ca vic m ho v gii m Video, Audio. Sau khi so snh cc chun nn tn hiu la chn tiu chun cho tn hiu IPTV l MPEG-4 H264/AVC xut p dng cho tiu chun IPTV. Vic u t v pht trin dch v IPTV l cng vic cn thit i vi mng bng rng ca Vin thng Nng, c th tn dng c c s h tng v cng p ng c nhu cu s dng dch v ca khch hng, va nng cao nng lc qun l, gim chi ph u t v ph hp vi xu th pht trin cng ngh trn th gii. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh trin khai c th cn c tnh ton chi tit v cu hnh thit b vic la chn thit b v xut u t cho mng mi mt cch hiu qu nht. Mc d ht sc c gng tm hiu v nghin cu cc vn lin quan n cc tiu chun ca dch v IPTV ng dng cho h thng cung cp dch v IPTV ti Vit Nam, nhng do thi gian c hn v phm vi nghin cu v cng ngh l rt rng, nn lun vn cha th i su chi tit vo cc ni dung lin quan. Hng nghin cu tip theo: - Tnh ton v thit k h thng HEADEND m bo s lng v chng loi knh theo yu cu. - Tnh ton vic phn b tn s cho cc knh IPTV trnh trng hp xuyn nhiu gia cc knh cung cp c hiu qu v cht lng tn hiu truyn hnh IPTV. - m bo cht lng truyn hnh tt th cn phi tip tc nghin cu vn Qos