ΒΙΒΛΙΟΤΕΤΡΑΔΙΟ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗΣ Γ'

- /
: ,
(20)
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
. .
:
. , ,
. .
[ :
.
. .
10.
: -

1. : z1 + z 2 = ( + i ) + ( + i ) = ( + ) + ( + ) i
2. : z1z 2 = ( + i )( + i ) = + i + i + i 2 =
= + i + i = ( ) + ( + ) i
3. : .
z1 = + i , z 2 = + i 0 .
:
z1
z2
+ i ( + i )( i )
+
i
=
= ... =
+
+ i ( + i )( i )
2 + 2 2 + 2

R z = + i :
i. z1 = z
iii. z v =
ii. z 0 = 1 , z 0
1
, v N* , z 0
zv
iv. z v = z v 1 z , v N , v > 1
1,
i,
v. i v = i =
1,
i,
= 0
= 1
= 2
= 3
. z = + i z = i :
i. zz = 2 + 2
ii. z + z = 2 = 2 Re ( z )
iii. z z = 2i = 2 ( Im ( z )) i
. z = + i . :
i. z z = z
ii. z z = z
III. z, z1 , z 2
i. z = z
ii. z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2 + ... + z v = z1 + z 2 + ... + z v
11.
iii. z1 z 2 = z1 z 2 z1 z 2 ...z v = z1 z 2 ...z v v N* .

z
iv. 1
z2
z1
=
z2
(z2 0)
v. ( z v ) = ( z ) v.
v
z2 + z + = 0 (1) C , , R, 0
= 2 4 ( (1))
> 0 (1) : z1,2 =
= 0 (1) :
z=
< 0 (1) :
z1,2 =
i
2
Vieta, z1 + z 2 =
z1z 2 =

z = x + yi (z)
. z (z) (0,0) :
JJJJG
z = (OM ) = OM = x 2 + y 2

z = x + yi
z = z = z = z = x 2 + y2
z = x + yi z 2 = z
= z z = x 2 + y2
z1 , z 2 : z1 z 2 = z1 z 2
z1 z 2 ...z v = z1 z 2 ... z v z v = z v
z1 , z 2 z 2 0
v N*
z1
z2
z1
z2
z1 , z 2 C z1 z 2 z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2 ( )
12.
z1 , z 2 ,
JJJJG
JJJJG JJJG JJJJG
OM ON = NM MN = z1 z 2
z 0 = x 0 + y 0 i -
. z z 0 =
K ( x 0 , y0 ) z0 .
z1 , z 2 . z z1 = z z 2
A ( z1 )
B ( z 2 ) .
13.

i i
.
M1 (D, E) M 2 ( J, G)
D E i J Gi ,
(D E i) ( J Gi) (D J ) (E G)i
M(D J , E G) .
JJJJG JJJJJG JJJJJG
, OM OM1 OM 2 .

i i .
M1 (D, E) M 2 ( J , G) D E i J Gi
,
(D E i) ( J Gi) (D J ) (E G)i

N(D J , E G) .
JJJG JJJJJG JJJJJG
, ON OM1 OM 2
14.
i
, i z 0 ,
i
D Ei
, J Gi z 0 , N Oi ,
J Gi
:
D Ei
J Gi
(D E i)( J Gi)
( J Gi)( J Gi)
(DJ EG) (EJ DG)i

J 2 G2
DJ EG EJ DG

i.
J 2 G2 J 2 G2
,
D Ei
J Gi
DJ EG EJ DG

i.
J 2 G2 J 2 G2
i Q , ;
i ,
Q Q 4U X , U X
4, :
1 , 0
i , 1
i Q i 4UX i 4U i X (i 4 )U i X 1U i X i X
-1 , 2
i , X 3
.
5
z1 z 2
.
z 1 = D E i z 2 = J Gi :
z1 z 2 , z 1 , z 2 -
15.
z1 z 2
(D Ei) ( J Gi) (D J ) (E G)i

(D J ) (E G)i (D E i) ( J Gi)
z1 z2 .

z 2 z 0 ,, z0 .
C . ,
Dz 2 E z J 0 ,
,, z0 .
, ,
:
z
2D
'
,
4D 2
' E2 4DJ . ,
:
E r '
2D
x ! 0 . T : z1,2
x 0 . T : z
'
x 0 .T,
4D 2
(1)(' )
4D 2
i 2 ( ' ) 2
(2D) 2
E i '
E
z
z

2
D
2
D
2
D
:
z1,2
E
2D
E i '
i '
z
r
.
2D
2D
2D
E r i '
2D
L '
, 2D
:
16.
7 | z1 z2 |
| z1 | | z2 | , z1 , z2
| z 1 z 2 | | z 1 | | z 2 | | z 1 z 2 | 2 | z1 | 2 | z 2 | 2
( z1 z 2 )( z1 z 2 )
z 1 z 2 z1 z 2
z1 z1 z 2 z 2
z1 z1 z 2 z 2
, , .
8 | | z1 | | z2 | | d | z1 z2 | d | z1 | | z2 | ,
z 1 , z 2
.

z1 z 2 z1 z 2
:
| | OM 1 | | M 1M | | d | OM | d | OM 1 | | M 1M |
| | z1 | | z 2 | | d | z1 z 2 | d | z1 | | z 2 |
, ON
JJJJJJJG
M 2 M1 ( 1 2 ). :
( M 1 M 2 ) | z1 z 2 |
17.
.

2.1 .
2.2 C.
-
. 95, 6
. 95, 7
- 1 C . 96, 12
- Z
. 124, 7
- i
. 93, 1
. 96, 3,4
()
( )
. 93, 2
. 96-97, 1, 6, 8
( .)
. 101-102, 2, 3, 4 ( .)
- 2
. 96, 13, 14
. 97, 9
. 123, 1, 3
()
2.3
-
. 99, 1
. 100, 1
. 101, 9
. 101, 3
( )
. 101, 1
( )
. 99-100, 1
18.
Z1 Z 2
. 101, 4,5,6,7,8 ( )
. 102, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
. 123, 4
-
-
. 124-125, 1, 2, 3
.

1o

3, 7, 8
3, 7, 11, 13
2, 4, 7, 8
4, 7, 8, 10
19.
1.
z :
z 1 = 1 + Re ( z ) (1) f f ( z ) = z 2 z .
. z
:
y 2 = 4x .
. z (1)
f ( z ) = 4 + 2i .
:
. z (1)
f (z ) = 3 z .
. z = x + yi, x y . :
z 1 = 1 + Re ( z ) x + yi 1 = 1 + x
( x 1)
+ y2 = 1 + x
1 + x 0 x 1 . (1) :
(1) ( x 1)
+ y 2 = (1 + x ) y 2 = 4x
2
.
. f ( z ) = 4 + 2i z 2 z = 4 + 2i ( x + yi ) ( x + yi ) = 4 + 2i
2
(x
x 2 5x = 4 ( y 2 = 4x )
y 2 x ) + y ( 2x 1) i = 4 + 2i
y ( 2x 1) = 2
2
x = 1 x = 4
x = 1 x = 4
x 5x + 4 = 0
y ( 2x 1) = 2
y = 2 y = 2 / 7
y ( 2x 1) = 2
2
7
: z1 = 1 + 2i z 2 = 4 + i .
A z1 y 2 = 4x
(1)
20.
. f ( z ) = 3 z z 2 z = 3 z z z 1 = 3 z z ( z 1 3) = 0
z =0
z = 0
z = 0
1 + Re ( z ) = 3
Re ( z ) = 2 x = 2
z 1 = 3
z = 0 y 2 = 4x .
2
Re (z ) = 2 x = 2 , y = 4 2 y = 2 2 ,
z = 0, z1 = 2 + 2 2i z 2 = 2 2 2i
2.
z +1
, z = x +yi
z
x ,y z 0 .
f ( z ) =
. f(z) + i.
. :
f(z) z
. f ( z ) f ( z ) = 2 , z
(1,0) R = 2 .
.
f ( z ) 1 .
z + 1 x + yi + 1 ( x + 1) + yi ( x yi ) x 2 + y 2 + x
y
i
=
=
=
+ 2
2
2
2
2
z
x + yi
x +y
x +y
x + y2
. :
f (z ) =
. :
f ( z ) R Im (f ( z )) = 0
y
= 0 y = 0 y = 0 z R
x + y2
2
( z + 1) ( z + 1)
zz + z + z + 1
. f ( z ) f ( z ) = 2 z + 1 z + 1 = 2
=2
=2
z
zz
zz
x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 1
= 2 x 2 + y 2 2x 1 = 0 , (1,0)
x 2 + y2
R = 2 .
. f ( z ) 1 =
z +1
1
1
1 = =
z
z
z
21.
z (1,0) R = 2 .
max { z } = 1 + R = 1 + 2 min { z } = 1 R = 1 2 = 2 1
max f ( z ) 1 =
1
1
1
1
=
=
min f ( z ) 1 =
min { z }
max { z }
2 1
2 +1
3.
z 0 f : N * C f ( ) = (i 1) z .
. N * : f ( ) f ( + 1) f ( + 2 ) f ( + 3 ) = 0 .
. f (3 ) = 1 3i , : z = 2 + i .
. z w = f ( + 1) f ( ) , N * .
:
. = 4, *
f ( ) = (i 4 1) z = 0
= 4 + 1, * f ( + 3) = (i 4 + 4 1) z = 0
= 4 + 2, * f ( + 2) = (i 4 + 4 1) z = 0
= 4 + 3, * f ( + 1) = (i 4 + 4 1) z = 0
* , f ( ) f ( + 1) f ( + 2 ) f ( + 3) = 0 .
. f (3) = 1 3i (i 3 1) z = 1 3i (1 i ) z = 1 3i
z=
(1 3i ) (1 + i )
1 3i
4 + 2i
z=
z=
z =2+i
2
2
1 i
2
(1) + (1)
. w = f ( + 1) f ( ) = (1 +1 1) z (i 1) z =
= (i +1 1 i + 1) z = i (i 1) z
2
: w = i (i 1) z = i 1 + i z = i (1) + 12 2 2 + 12 = 1 2 5 = 10
4. z, w
u = zw .
. z
z = z .
. z w : z + w = z w ,
u = z w .
22.
. w = 2 + i , z.
:
. z = + i , , R :
z = z + i = ( i ) + i = + i
2 = 0 = 0 Re (z ) = 0 z
. z + w = z w :
z + w = z w (z + w ) (z + w ) = ( z w ) ( z w )
2
(z + w )( z + w ) = ( z w )(z w ) zz + zw + zw + ww = zz zw zw + ww
2zw = 2zw zw = zw u = u z .
. w = 2 + i z = x + yi , x, y R :
u = zw = ( x + yi ) (2 + i ) = 2x + xi + 2yi + yi 2 = (2x y ) + ( x + 2y ) i
u , :
Re (u ) = 0 2x y = 0 y = 2x
z y = 2x.
5. z
w=
z + 3i
, z 3 .
z+3
. z = x + yi , x, y R w + i .
. w
z y = x 3 .
. w = 2 , z ,
.
:
. w =
x + yi + 3i x + ( y + 3) i x + ( y + 3) i [( x + 3) yi]
=
=
=
x + yi + 3 ( x + 3) + yi
( x + 3)2 + y 2
x ( x + 3) xyi + ( x + 3) ( y + 3) i ( y + 3) yi 2
=
( x + 3)2 + y 2
x ( x + 3) + y ( y + 3) xy + ( x + 3) ( y + 3)
+
i
( x + 3 )2 + y 2
( x + 3 )2 + y 2
23.
Re ( w ) =
x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 3y
3x + 3y + 9
, Im ( w ) =
2
2
( x + 3) + y
( x + 3) 2 + y 2
. w , ,
Im ( w ) = 0 3x + 3y + 9 = 0 y = x 3
z y = x 3 , (3,0), z + 3 0 x + 3 + yi 0 x 3 y 0
. w = 2
z + 3i
= 2 z + 3i = 2 z + 3 x + ( y + 3) i = 2 ( x + 3) + yi
z+3
3
2
x 2 + ( y + 3) = 2 ( x + 3) + y 2
2
2
: x 2 + ( y + 3) = 4 ( x + 3) + y 2
x 2 + y 2 + 6y + 9 = 4x 2 + 24x + 36 + 4y 2
3x 2 + 3y 2 + 24x 6y + 27 = 0 x 2 + y 2 + 8x 2y + 9 = 0
2
E 8 2 + (2 ) 4 9 = 64 + 4 36 = 32 > 0 , -
(4,1) R =
32
=2 2.
2
6. z1, z2 , :
z1 0 , z 2 0 , z1 z 2
z 1 + z 2 = z 1 z 2 (1).
. w =
z1
.
z2
iz 1
z2
+
1.
z1 z 2
z1 + z 2
. z1 z 2 = 1 + i .
:
. z1 + z 2 = z1 z 2 :
z1 + z 2 = z1 z 2 (z1 + z 2 )( z1 + z2 ) = (z1 z 2 )( z1 z2 )
2
z1 z1 + z1 z2 + z 2 z1 + z 2 z2 = z1 z1 z1 z2 z 2 z1 + z 2 z2
24.
2z1 z2 = 2z 2 z1
z1
z
= 1 w = w
z2
z2
: w = + i , , R .
w = w + i = ( i ) + i = + i = 0 , w -
.
(2 :
z1 + z 2
z z2
= 1
w + 1 = w 1 ,
z2
z2
z 2 ,
w A (1,0) B (1,0) yy ' ,

w .)
. :
z1
z1 z 2
z2
z1 z 2
z1 + z 2
z1 z 2
1 z1 + z 2 z1 z 2 ,
z1 z 2 z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 , -
.
. z1 + 1 + i = z1 1 i z1 (1 i ) = z1 (1 + i )
z1
A (1, 1) B (1,1)
( ) : y = x
1
u = z 2 z
z
w , .
. z .
. u .
7.
. z
z0, w=
1
= 2 , u.
z
:
. z = x + yi w =
1
x
y
= 2
2
i.
2
x + yi x + y
x + y2
25.
JJJJJG x
JJJJJG
y
, 2
1 z OM1 ( x, y ) , 2 w OM 2 2
2
x + y 2
x +y
:
y = x
JJJJJG JJJJJG
y y
2
2
OM1 OM 2 1 2 = 1
= 1 y = x
, z0
x x
y = x
z
O (0,0) .
. u = z 2 u = ( x + yi ) u = ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2xyi
2
. y 2 = x 2 ( z 0, x 0 y 0 )
u = ( x 2 x 2 ) + 2xyi = 2xyi , xy 0 u .
. z
1
= 2 z w = 2 (1)
z
z w : z w
( M1 M 2 ) .
12 :
( M1M 2 )
2 =z +w z +
1
z
=2(z
( z 1) = 0 z = 1 z = 1
2
(1)
= (OM1 ) + (OM 2 ) z w = z + w
2 2
2 z +1 = 0
2
u = z 2 = z = 1 .
8.
17
11
6
z C ( z + i ) + ( 2i ) ( z i ) = 0 , z i ,
:
. z + i = 2
. w =
( z + i )2 + 4
R
z+i
. u = (z + i ) I
23
:
:
(z + i )17 + (2i )11 ( z i )6 = 0 (z + i )17 + 211 i11 ( z i )6 = 0
26.
(z + i )17 + 211 (i )( z i )6 = 0 (z + i )17 = 211 i ( z i )6 (1)

17
6
. : (z + i ) = 211 i ( z i ) , :
z+i
17
= 211 i z i
z i = ( z i ) = z + i z + i 17 = 211 z + i 6 z + i 0 :
. :
:
z+i
17
z+i
= 211 z + i
11
= 211 z + i = 2
z + i = (z + i )(z + i ) = 2 2 2 2 = (z + i )( z i ) z i =
2
w=
( z + i )2 + 4
z+i
( z + i )2
z+i
4 ( )
2
z+i
4 (2)
= z + i + z i = z + z = 2 Re (z )
z+i
w R .
. :
(1)
23
17
6
6
6
u = (z + i ) = (z + i ) (z + i ) = 211 i ( z i ) (z + i ) =
2
6
12
6
6
= 211 i (z + i ) (z + i ) = 211 i (z + i ) = 211 i z + i = 211 i212
u = 2 23 i , u I .
27.
1..
C :
z2 2 z = 0
.
z C , z 2 = z 4i .
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2.
z = x + yi , x, y R x 0 , y 2 .
zi
=2,
z + 2i
:
. z.
. |z| .
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28.
3.
z : z 4 + 9i 2 .
: 3 z 7 + 5i 7
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4. .
|z|
z 5 2 .
. z1 , z 2 : (z1z 2 z1z 2 ) 2 0
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5. z
f (z) =
2 + iz
, z 1
1 z
. N w = [f (2)]2004 .
. :
f (z) 2
=z
f (z) + i
. |z|=1 f(z) , , .
29.
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6.. z
z 2 + 1 < 1 z + 1 < 1 , z 1 .
. z1 , z 2 C z2 0 , :
z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2
z1
R
z2
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30.
1
..
.
( 3)
. :
z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2
( 5)
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.1. ,,, 1
8 .
31.
1.
z+2 =2
2.
z 2i = 4
3.
z 2i = 2
4.
z2 =2
5.
z + 2i = 2
6.
z+2 =4
7.
z + 2i = 2
8.
z2 =2
( 5)
.2. () ()
.
.
( 4)
. z i = 1 .
( 4)
. z 1 i = 2 z
8.
( 4)
20
. +i, , R , :
. 1 3i
1 i
2
3 4i
( 12)
32.
. z C y=x z
:
. x = 0
. x + y = 0
. y = x + 1
. y = x + 2
. y = 0
( 7)
. 3i 3 . :
. 3 i 3
. 3 3i
. 3 3i
. 3 + 3i
. 3 + 3i
( 6)
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30
.
z 2i = z + 2
z 2i z + 2 .
( 13)
. z
2-i 2 :
. z + 2 i < 2
. z 2 + i < 2
. z + 2 i < 4
. z + 2 + i < 2
. z 2 + i < 4
( 12)
33.
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40
z, w w = z +
1
, z 0 .
z
z x 2 + y 2 = 4 , w .
( 25)
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o
:
1.

x 0 .
[
[
[
2. .
3. , ,
.
4. 11,

. , , .
5. , ,
.
6. x0
.
7.
.
8. .
9.
+ .
10. -
.
11. .
12. x0 .
13. f ,
.
14. ,
, , .
15. : Bolzano,
- ,
,
,
.
- 37.
: -
(
): lim f (x) lim g(x) :
x x0
x x0
lim (f (x) + g(x) ) = lim f (x) + lim g(x)
x x0
x x0
x x0
lim ( k f (x) ) = k lim f (x) , k R
x x0
x x0
lim (f (x) g(x) ) = lim f (x) lim g(x)
x x0
x x0
x x0
lim (f (x) ) = lim f (x) , v 2
x x0
lim
x x0
f (x )
g (x )
x x0
lim f (x)
x x0
lim g(x)
x x0
, lim g(x) 0
x x0
lim f (x) = lim f (x)
x x0
x x0
lim f (x) =
x x0
lim f (x) f (x) 0 x0 , v N v 2 .
x x0
38.
1
f x0 ,
lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 )
, :
x x0
2
f ( ) , ,
.

- R.
-
- x , x R.
- ex , x , lnx , logx , 0 < 1 .

f g x 0 ,
f
: f + g , f g , f ( R ) , ( g ( x ) 0 ) , f , k f (f ( x ) 0 ) ,
g
2 x0 .
Bolzano (..)
f, [,].
: f [,]
f () . f () < 0
x 0 ( , ) f ( x 0 ) = 0
f ( x ) = 0
(,).

f xx x 0
(.1).
(..)
f
[,]. :
f [,]
f ( ) f ( )
n f(), f() x 0 (, ) f ( x 0 ) = n .
- 39.

y = n n f ( ) , f ( ) f .

f [,] f [,]
m, x1 , x 2 [, ] m = f ( x1 ) M = f ( x 2 ) :
m = f ( x1 ) f ( x ) f ( x 2 ) = M , x [, ] .

f [, ] f ( ) , f ( ) f
f ( ) , f ( ) f .
f (, )
f ( A ) =
f ( A ) =
( im f (x ),
x +
( im f ( x ) ,
x
im f ( x )
im f ( x )
x +
, f [, ) (, ] ( f )
( im f (x ), f ( ) .
( f ) f ( A ) = ( im f ( x ) , f ( )
: f ( A ) = f ( ) ,
im f ( x ) f ( ) =
x +
f ( ) , im f ( x ) .
x +
40. -
C
C c f f
1
x xOy
x cOy c .
1 1 f

C C c f
f
1
f ( x)
y f
1
( y)
x,
M (, )
C f ,
c( , ) C c f
1
. , ,
xOy x cOy c .
:
- 41.
C C c f f
y
1
x xOy
x cOy c .
f,
[, ] .
:
x f [, ]
x f ( ) z f ( )
, f ( )
f ( ) , x 0 (, ) ,
f ( x0 )
( ) f ( ) f ( ) .
f ( ) f ( ) (. ).
g ( x)
f ( x) , x [, ] ,
:
x g [, ]
x g ( ) g ( ) 0 ,
g ( )
f ( ) 0
g( )
f ( ) ! 0 .
, Bolzano, x 0 (, ) , g ( x 0 )
f ( x0 )
0 , f ( x 0 )
42. -
.
2003.
1.2
1.3 -
-
. 134,
. 145, 1,5
. 147, 2,3,4 ( )
. 140,
. 145, 2,3,6
. 146, 7
. 146, 8
. 143-144, -
. 146, 11,12
. 148, 6,7,8,9
. 156, 1
. 157, 4
-1-1
-
. 155,
. 156, 2
1.4-1.7
-
. 174, 2
. 176, 4
. 182, 4
. 186, 1
- 43.
0
0
. 175, 4
. 175-176, 1 ( )
. 176, 2
. 187, 1 ( )
-
-
. 175, 6,7
. 181, 1,2
. 182, 2
-
+
+
- ( + ) ( + )
. 187, 3i, iii ( )

. 187, 3ii ( )
- -
-
. 175, 9
. 185, 3
. 187, 1,2,3 ( )
-
1.8
-
. 198, 4,5
. 199, 2,3 ( )
- Bolzano
. 198-199, 6,7,8,9 ( )
. 199, 4 ( )
. 200, 5,6,7,8
-
-
. 199, 10
. 201-203
44. -
.

3

:
:
3, 5
3, 4, 7, 8
4

:
:
5, 6, 10
9, 11
:
:
1 - 10
6, 7, 11
6o

:
:
1, 2, 3, 4
7, 8
7

:
:
1-5
3, 4, 5
8
T

:
1-9
- 45.
1. :
x4 + 1 x2 + 1
.
x2
im
x0
:
x 0 :
4
=
=
x 4 + 1 x 2 + 1 ( 4 x 4 + 1 x 2 + 1)( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
=
=
x2
x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
x 4 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)
x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
x 4 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)
x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
x 4 + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1)
2
x4 +1 + x2 +1
x4 +1 + x2 +1
x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1 )( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
x 4 + 1 x 4 2x 2 1
x 2 ( 4 x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1 )( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
4
im
x 0
2
x4 +1 x2 +1
= im
=
x 0 4
4
2
x2
( x + 1 + x + 1)( x 4 + 1 + x 2 + 1)
1
2
=
4
2
46. -
2.
1 + x (1 + 2x )
.
x2
f (x ) =
, im f ( x ) = .
x0
:
f(x) x [1,0 ) (0, + ) .
f (x ) =
1 + x (1 + 2x ) 1 + x + (1 + 2x )
=
x2
1 + x + (1 + 2x )
1 + x (1 + 2x )
x 2 ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )
x (1 4 4 2 x )
x 2 ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )
1 + x 1 4x 4 2 x 2
x 2 ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )
. : f ( x ) =
1 4 4 2 x
x ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x )
(1)
: xf ( x ) ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x ) = 4 2 x + 1 4
im xf ( x ) ( 1 + x + 1 + 2x ) = im [4 2 x + 1 4]
x 0
x 0
0 2 = 0 + 1 4 =
1
4
1
x
1
4
(1), = : f ( x ) =
4
1
x 1+ x +1+ x
2
1
1
: = im f ( x ) = im
.
= 4=
x 0
x 0
1
2
8
1+ x +1+ x
2
3.
im
x0
1
4
z C, z 0 f : R R . :
zf ( x ) 4 4
zf ( x ) + 2 2
im
,
x
2
x
x2
, [0, 2] f ( ) = 0 .
- 47.
:
g ( x ) =
zf ( x ) 4 4
x
(1)
im g ( x ) .
x 0
f zf ( x ) 4
(xf (x ) 4)2 + y 2 f 2 (x ) z = x + yi x, y R .
, zf ( x ) 4 =
(1) :
zf ( x ) 4 = xg ( x ) + 4
im zf ( x ) 4 = im ( xg ( x ) + 4 ) = 4
x 0
x 0
z f (0 ) 4 = 4 (2 ) , z f ( x ) 4 0.
z = + i (2) :
(f (0) 4)2 + f (0)2 2 = 4 f (0) 2f (0) 8 + f (0) 2 = 0

( f (0 ) = 0 , = 0 ) 2 f (0) 8 + f (0) 2 = 0 : f (0) =
4.
f : R R : f ( x ) =
8
(3)
+ 2
2
x2
,
f 2 (x ) + 1
x R . f 0.
:
x R,
f (x ) =
x2
f
( x ) +1
x 2 ( f 2 ( x ) + 1 1, x R )
x R , x 2 f ( x ) x 2 .
:
im ( x 2 ) = 0 ,
x 0
im x 2 = 0
x 0
:
:
im f ( x ) = 0
x 0
f (0 ) =
(1) (2) f 0.
(1)
02
= 0 (2)
f 2 (0 ) + 1
48. -
5.
f : [, ] R < 1 :
f 2 ( ) + f 2 ( ) + 2 = 2 (f ( ) f ( ))
x 0 (, ) : f ( x 0 ) = x 0 2
:
:
f 2 ( ) + f 2 ( ) + 2 = 2f ( ) 2f ( ) f 2 ( ) + f 2 ( ) + 1 + 1 2f ( ) + 2f ( ) = 0
f ( ) = 1
(f ( ) 1) + (f ( ) + 1) = 0
f = 1
( )
2
g ( x ) = f ( x ) x 2 , x [,]
g :
g [,]
g ( ) = f ( ) 2 = 1 2 > 0 , < 1
2
2
2
g ( ) = f ( ) = 1 = ( + 1) < 0
Bolzano:
x 0 (, ) : g ( x 0 ) = 0 f ( x 0 ) x 0 2 = 0 f ( x 0 ) = x 0 2
6.
f : R R f (0) > 1 :
f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) = x 2 , x R .
:
x R :
f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) = x 2 f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) + 1 = x 2 + 1
(f ( x ) 1) = x 2 + 1 0 (1)
2
f ( x ) 1 0 x R .
g ( x ) = f ( x ) 1 , x R :
g :
g R
g ( x ) 0 x R
- 49.
g R g (0) = f (0) 1 > 0 g ( x ) > 0 , x R . f ( x ) 1 > 0 , x R .

(1) : f ( x ) 1 = x 2 + 1 , x R
f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 + 1 , x R .
7. f : R R
f (0) > 0 f ( x ) x 2 ,
x R . :
i. f ( x ) > x 2 , x R .
ii.
im f (x ) = +
:
i. g ( x ) = f ( x ) x 2 , x R . g :
g R,
g ( x ) 0 x R
.
g R g (0 ) = f (0 ) > 0 g ( x ) > 0 , x R , f ( x ) x 2 > 0 , x R

f ( x ) > x 2 , x R
ii. : x R , f ( x ) > x 2 0 0 <

*
x R . :
im 0 = 0 ,
1
1
,
<
f (x ) x 2
1
= 0 x x 2
im
:
im
1
= 0 ,
(
f x)
8.
im
1
1
> 0 , x R )
= + (
1
f (x )
f (x )
im f ( x ) = + .
f : R R x < f (x ) < x + 1 ,
x R . :
f (R ) = R .
50. -
:
f.
x 0 R : f ( x 0 ) =
g ( x ) = f ( x ) , x R : g [ 1, ] R
.
g ( 1) = f ( 1) < 1 + 1 = 0
.
g ( ) = f ( ) > 0
Bolzano:
x 0 ( 1, ) R : g ( x 0 ) = 0 f ( x 0 ) = 0 f ( x 0 ) =
9.
f : R R f (0) = 0
...
f (x ) x
< 0 ,
f (x ) + x
x R * f 0.
:
:
(f (x ) x )(f (x ) + x ) < 0 ,
x R*
f 2 ( x ) x 2 < 0 x R * , . f 2 ( x ) < x 2 x R * .
O
f 2 ( x ) < x 2 , x R * . f ( x ) < x , x R *
x < f ( x ) < x , x R * .
( x ) = 0 ,
: - xim
0
im x = 0
x 0
im f ( x ) = 0
x 0
(1)
f (0 ) = 0 (2)
(1) (2) f 0.
10.
f : [,] R .
x 0 [, ] :
f (x ) f (x 0 )
x2 + 1
0 , x [,] .
- 51.
:
f [,] ( - ). x 0 [,]
:
f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) , x [,] f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) 0 , x [,] .
f (x ) f (x 0 )
x2 +1
0 , x [,] .
11.
f : R R 11 f (2 ) < f (1) < f ( 3 ) .

f .
:
f R.
: f [2,3] R
f (2 ) f (3)
f (1) (f (2 ) ,f (3))

f "11"
x 0 (2,3) : f ( x 0 ) = f (1) x 0 = 1 , .
f R.
12. f R :
f ( x + 2 ) + f ( x ) = 0 (1) , x R , f ( 0 ) f (1)
N ( 0, 2 ) f ( ) = f ( + 1) .
:
g ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x + 1) , [0, 2] :
g (0 ) = f ( 0 ) f (1) g ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) f (3) . x = 0 (1) :
f ( 2 ) + f (0 ) = 0 f ( 2 ) = f (0 ) . x = 1 (1):
f (3) + f (1) = 0 f (3) = f (1)
g ( 2 ) = f (0 ) + f (1) = (f (0 ) f (1)) g (0 ) g ( 2 ) = (f (0 ) f (1)) < 0

Bolzano (0,2) :
2
f ( ) f ( + 1) = 0 f ( ) = f ( + 1)
52. -
13. f [0,4] , :
( 0,4 ) : 9f ( ) = 2f (1) + 3f ( 2 ) + 4f ( 3 )
:
f [0, 4] .
x , x [0, 4] : f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) ,
x [0, 4]
2f ( x ) 2f (1) 2f ( x )
f ( x ) f (1) f ( x )
f
x
f
2
f
x
(
)
(
)
3f ( x ) 3f ( 2 ) 3f ( x )
(
)
4f ( x ) 4f (3) 4f ( x )
f ( x ) f (3) f ( x )
:
9f ( x ) 2f (1) + 3f ( 2 ) + 4f (3) 9f ( x )
f (x )
2f (1) + 3f ( 2 ) + 4f (3)
9
f (x )
(0, 4) :
f ( ) =
14.
2f (1) + 3f (2 ) + 4f (3)
9f ( ) = 2f (1) + 3f (2) + 4f (3)
9
f : R R x 1 , x 2 R f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) ( x1 x 2 )
2
f ( x ) f ( 3 )
.
x 3
x+3
f lim
:
x 1 = x, x 2 = x 0 :
f (x ) f (x 0 ) x x 0 x x 0 f (x ) f (x 0 ) x x 0
2
2
2
lim x x 0 = lim x x 0 = 0 ,
x x0
x x0
lim f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 ) . x0
x x0
x x0
R f x R . x 1 = x, x 2 = 3 :
- 53.
f ( x ) f (3) x + 3
2
x+3
f ( x ) f (3)
x+3
x+3
f ( x ) f (3)
x + 3 lim [ x + 3 ] = lim x + 3 = 0 x 3
x 3
x+3
: xlim
3
f ( x ) f (3)
=0.
x+3
15.
3
f : R R : 2f (x ) + f (x ) = kx, k > 0
. f 11.
f ( x ) f ( 2)
. f lim
.
x 2
x2
:
. f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x1 ) = f 3 ( x 2 )
:
2f 3 ( x1 ) = 2f 3 ( x 2 )
:
f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )
2f 3 ( x1 ) + f ( x1 ) = 2f 3 ( x 2 ) + f ( x 2 ) kx1 = kx 2 x1 = x 2
f 1 - 1.
. : 2f 3 ( x ) + f ( x ) = kx 2f 3 ( x 0 ) + f ( x 0 ) = kx 0
,: 2 f 3 ( x ) f 3 ( x 0 ) + f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = k ( x x 0 )
2 f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) f 2 ( x ) + f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + f 2 ( x 0 ) + f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = k ( x x 0 )
f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) 2f 2 ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1 = k ( x x 0 ) (1)
2f 2 ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) > 0 ( f(x) ).
f (x ) f (x 0 ) =
f (x ) f (x 0 ) =
k (x x 0 )
2f ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1
2
k x x0
k (x x 0 )
= k x x0
2
(
)
(
)
2f x + 2f x f ( x 0 ) + 2f ( x 0 ) + 1
1
2
k x x 0 f (x ) f ( x 0 ) k x x 0
54. -
lim k x x 0 = lim k x x 0 = 0
x x0
x x0

lim f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) = 0 lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 )
x x0
x x0
f x 0 R.
(1) :
f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x0
k
2f ( x ) + 2f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1
2
(2)
f R x0 2 (2) :
lim
x x0
k
=
(
)
(
)
2f x + 2f x f ( x 0 ) + 2f 2 ( x 0 ) + 1
2
k
k
= 2
2
2f ( x 0 ) + 2f ( x 0 ) f ( x 0 ) + 2f ( x 0 ) + 1 6f ( x 0 ) + 1
2
(2) :
lim
x x0
f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x0
k
( x0=2 :)
6f ( x 0 ) + 1
2
f ( x ) f (2 )
k
= 2
x 2
x2
6f (2 ) + 1
lim
- 55.
1.
lim
x 2
f (x)
= 5, lim g ( x ) ( 2x 2 + x 10 ) = 3 , :
x 2
x2
lim f ( x ) g ( x )
x 2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2.
x + 2, x 1
f ( x ) = 2
. lim f ( x )
x 2
x + x + 2, x > 1
f (2,2)
.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
56. -
3.
f (x ) =
x+2 + x4 2
lim f ( x ) = 10
x 3
x 2 5x + 6
, R
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4.
:
. lim
x 3
x2 + x + 4
. lim
x
x 2 5x + 6 4x
. lim 16x 2 + x + 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 5 +7x+8

x +
. lim 9x 2 + 2x + 1 + x 2 + x 2 +4x
x
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
- 57.
5. :
1. f ( x ) = x 4
1
, x 0 x
x4
5
2. f ( x ) = x
1
, x 0 x
x3
3. f ( x ) = x 2
1
, x 0 x
x6
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
6. :
1. f ( x ) =
3 x + 5 2 x +1 + 7 x
, x +
4x 2 3x + 6 ex
x
3
5x+ 2 3 4x + 2x +
5 , x
2. f ( x ) =
1
x
x
3 4 2 + 6 x
2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
58. -
7.
, R :
1
lim 9x 2 + 3x + 4 + x+ =
3
x +
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
8.
f ( x ) = 4x 2 x + 5 + x
x .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
9.
R, f : R R :
. (f f )( x ) = 4x + 3
. (f f f )( x ) = 8x + x R .
R f.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
- 59.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
10.
f : R R x R : f 3 ( x ) + 3f (x ) = 2x + 2003
:
. f 1-1,
. f 1 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
11.
f ,g : R R . :
. f, g 1-1 gof 1-1

. f, g gof
(g f )
= f 1 g 1
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
60. -
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
12.
2
f : R R (f f )( x ) = x x + 1
x R , :
. f(1)=1
. g ( x ) = 1 + x (1 f ( x )) 1-1
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
13.
f : R R R,
(f f )( x ) = x x R . f ( x ) = x .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
14.
f : R R lim ( xf ( x )) = 1 :
x +
- 61.
. lim f ( x )
. lim
x +
x +
2xf ( x ) + x
2x + xf ( x )
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
15.
x 3 + x 2 + 2x + 3
=
x 1
x1
,, R :
lim
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
16. (x)
lim f ( x ) = 1 ,
x +
f (x) =
lim f (x ) = ,
x 1+
R :
lim f (x ) = 3
x2
f (0 ) = 1
x 2 + x 1
.
P (x)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
62. -
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
17.
f ( x ) = 4x 2 + x + 1 x + , R
:
lim f ( x ) =
1
2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
18.
f : R R lim f ( x ) = f (1) x R
x 1
( x 1) f ( x ) ( x 1)
. f(1).
. g (x ) =
1 + x
1-+x -f (1)
, , R . lim g ( x ) .
x 1
x 1
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
- 63.
19.
f : R R x0 = 2 . lim
x2
. f(2).
. lim
x2
f (x ) x
= 2003
x2
f (x ) f (2)
.
x2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
20.
f ,g : [, ] R , f ([, ]) = g ([, ]) .
1 , 2 [, ] ( gof ) ( 1 ) (fog ) ( 2 ) = 1 2 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
21.
f ( x ) = x + ( 2 ) x 2 0 < 1, f = R
. f .
. f .
. x + ( 2 ) x = 2 .
. f.
64. -
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
22.
: f ( x ) = x , g ( x ) =
1
0 < < 1 .
x
. f, g .
. Cf , Cg .
...........................................................................................................................
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23.
f : [, ] R A ( ,f ( ) ) ,
(,f ( )) Cf 1 . ( , ) :
f ( ) f ( )
=
- 65.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
24. f : [,] R
. x [, ] y [, ] -
f ( y )
1 ( )
f x , [, ]
2
f ( ) = 0 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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66. -
1
.. f [,]. f [,]
f () f () , f() f()
x 0 (,) : f (x 0 ) = n
( 4)
. f (x ) = 1 x (0,1)
x
( 2)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
1. ,,,

.
- 67.
1.
2.
3.
im f (x ) f (x 0 ) = im+ f (x )
x x 0
x x 0
im f (x ) = im+ f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x 0
x x 0
im f (x ) = f (x 0 ) im+ f (x )
x x 0
x x 0
4. im f (x ) im+ f (x ) f (x 0 )
x x 0
x x 0
( 10)
2. () ().
. (,) :
im f ( x ) = ,
x +
im f ( x ) = + ,
f (,).
( 3)
. f [-1,2] f(-1)=2, f(2)=5,
x 0 (1,2) , f ( x 0 ) = .
( 3)
. im+ f ( x ) = , im f ( x ) = + , f ( ,+ )
x
( 3)
68. -
20
. f, g [,] f ( ) < g ( ) ,
f ( ) > g ( ) . y = f (x ) , y = g (x ) -
x 0 (, )
( 15)
.
x 3 = x + 1
. ( 2,1)
. ( 1, 2 )
. ( 0, 1)
. ( 2, 3)
. ( 1,0 )
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
30
. , R
im
x +
9 x 2 + x x = 1
( 15)
.
. +
2
:
x f ( x )
im
. 0
. 2
. 1
2
( 10)
- 69.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
40
t ,
t + 45
, t0.
t +5
. ;
. .
.
;
( 25)
: f (t ) =
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................

:
1. x 0
.
2. , ,
,
.
3.
.
4. :
x 0
[
[
[
[ : Rolle, Fermat
.
5.
:

:
.
. .
[
[
[
[
6.
f ( x ) = 0 .
72.
7. de L Hospital
.
8.
.
9.
.
73.
: -

1
f x 0
f (x ) f (x0 )
, .
, lim
x x0
x x0
f x0 f ( x 0 ) .
f ( x 0 ) = lim
f (x ) f (x0 )
x x0
f (x0 + h ) f (x0 )
x x 0 = h x = x0 + h : f ( x 0 ) = lim
h 0
h
x x0
2
f x0 , , R : lim
f (x ) f (x0 )
x x0
f (x ) f (x0 )
x x0
.
x x0
x0.
lim+
x x0

f (x ) f (x0 )
,
x x0
Cf ()
.
, f (x 0 ,f(x 0))
() C f o (x 0 ,f(x 0))
f x 0 ( = f(x 0) = ),
() :
lim
x x0
y f ( x 0 ) = f ( x 0 )( x x 0 )

f x0
.

. f ( x ) = c, c R f ( x ) = 0
(c ) = 0
. f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = 1
( x ) = 1
. f ( x ) = x v v N- {0,1} f ( x ) = v x v 1
( x ) = v x
v
v 1
74.
. f ( x ) = x , x [0,+ ) ( x = 0 )
x ( 0, + ) : f ' ( x ) =
( x ) = 2 1x
1
2 x
. f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x
( x ) = x
. f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x
(x ) = x
. f ( x ) = e x f ( x ) = e x
(e ) = e
. f ( x ) = ln x, x > 0 f ( x ) =
(ln x ) =
1
x
1
x

. f, g x 0 (f + g )
x 0 :
(f + g ) ( x 0 ) = f ( x 0 ) + g ( x 0 )
. f, g x 0 (f g )
x 0 :
(f g ) ( x 0 ) = f ( x 0 ) g ( x 0 ) + f ( x 0 ) g ( x 0 )
c R f x 0 :
(cf ) ( x 0 ) = c f ( x 0 )
. f, g x 0 g ( x 0 ) 0
f
x 0 :
g
f ( x 0 ) g ( x 0 ) f ( x 0 ) g ( x 0 )
f
(x0 ) =
g
g2 (x0 )

g x 0 f
g ( x 0 ) , g f x 0 :
(f
g ) ( x 0 ) = f (g ( x 0 )) g ( x 0 )
75.
h ( x ) = f (g ( x )) g ( x )
f ( x ) g ( A ) . h = fog
h ' ( x ) = f ' ( g ( x )) g ' ( x )
dh dh du
=
, u = g ( x ) . ( ).
dx du dx

( )
fv
v f v 1 f
2 f
f f
f f
1
f
2 f
ef
f , > 0
ef f
ln f
f ln f
g f , 0 < 1
1
f
2 f
1
f
f
1 1
f
n f
Rolle
f : [, ]
(, ) f () = f () : (,) :
f ( ) = 0 ,
(, ) .

f : [, ]
(, )
f () f ()
: (,) : f ( ) =

1
f x f ' ( x ) = 0
f f ( x ) = c x .
76.
2
f, g x
f ' ( x ) = g ' ( x ) : f ( x ) = g ( x ) + c x .
1
f , :
f ( x ) > 0 x , f .
f ( x ) < 0 x , f .
2 ( Fermat )
f x0
, : f ( x 0 ) = 0 .
3
f (, ) .
f (, x 0 ) ( x 0 , )
f x0.
f (, x 0 ) ( x 0 , )
f x0.
:
f (, )
x0 (, ).
f ( x ) > 0 , x ( , x 0 )
f ( x ) < 0 , x ( x 0 , ) , :
f x0 f ( x 0 ) .
f ( x ) < 0 , x ( , x 0 )
f ( x ) > 0 , x ( x 0 , ) , :
f x0 f ( x 0 ) .
f (, x 0 ) ( x 0 , ) :
i. f(x 0 ) .
ii. f (, ).
f
.
77.
f ( x ) > 0 , x f .
f ( x ) < 0 , x f .
.

.

f
.
( x 0 , f ( x 0 )) Cf f
f ( x 0 ) = 0 .
1.
x = x 0 f lim f ( x ) , lim+ f ( x ) + .
x x 0
x x 0
2.
f : lim f ( x ) = k R lim f ( x ) = k R ,
x +
Cf y = k + .
78.

y = x + Cf + :
lim f ( x ) ( x + ) = 0 lim f ( x ) ( x + ) = 0
x
x +
y = x + Cf + , :
lim
f (x )
lim
f (x )
x +
x
x
= R lim f ( x ) x = R
x +
= R lim f ( x ) x = R .
x
79.
f x 0
,
. f
x 0 , f 0 ;
x z x 0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
( x x 0 ) ,
x x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
lim [ f ( x) f ( x 0 )]
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
lim
( x x 0 )
x x0
x o x0
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
lim ( x x 0 )
x o x0
x x0
0 , f x 0 .
f c( x 0 ) 0
, lim f ( x)
x o x0
f ( x 0 ) , f x 0 .
f x 0 , ,
, x 0 .
2
f ( x) c , c R .
f R f c( x) 0 ,
(c ) c
x 0 R , x z x 0 :
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
cc
x x0
0.
80.
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
0,
(c) c 0 .
f ( x) x . f
R f c( x) 1 ,
( x) c 1
x 0 R , x z x 0 :
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
x x0
x x0
1.
,
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
lim 1 1 ,
x o x0
( x) c 1 .
f ( x) x ,Q 1 ^0,1` .
f R
f c( x ) x 1 ,
( x ) c x 1
x 0 R , x z x 0 :
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
x x 0
x x0
( x x 0 )( x 1 x 2 x 0 " x 0 1 )
x x0
x 1 x 2 x 0 " x 0 1 ,
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
( x ) c x 1 .
lim ( x 1 x 2 x 0 " x 0 1 )
x o x0
x 0 1 x 0 1 " x 0 1
x 0 1 ,
81.
x . f
f ( x)
(0,f) f c( x)
1
2 x
, -
x c
1
2 x
x 0 (0,f) , x z x 0 :
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
x x0
( x x0 ) x x0
x x0
( x x0 ) x x0
1
x x0
lim
x o x0
x c
1
2 x
f ( x) f ( x0 )
x x0
lim
x o x0
x x0
2 x0
f ( x) x . f
R f c( x) x ,
(x) c
x R h z 0 :
f ( x h) f ( x )
h
( x h) x
h
x
x h x h x
h
(h 1)
h
x
.
h
h
lim
h o0
h
h
1 lim
h o0
h 1
h
0,
82.
lim
h o0
f ( x h) f ( x )
h
x 0 x 1 x .
, (x) c x .
f ( x) x . f R f c( x) x ,
(x) c
x
x R h z 0 :
f ( x h) f ( x )
h
( x h) x
h
x h x h x
h
h
h 1
x
,
h
h
lim
h o0
f ( x h) f ( x )
h
h
h 1
lim x
lim x
h o0
h
o
0
h
h
x 0 x 1 x .
, (x) c x .
8
f , g x0 ,
f g x 0 :
( f g ) c( x 0 )
f c( x 0 ) g c( x 0 )
x z x 0 , :
( f g )( x) ( f g )( x 0 )
x x0
f ( x) g ( x) f ( x 0 ) g ( x 0 )
x x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 ) g ( x) g ( x 0 )

.
x x0
x x0
f , g x 0 , :
83.
lim
x o x0
( f g )( x) ( f g )( x 0 )
x x0
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
g ( x) g ( x 0 )
lim
x o x0
x x0
x x0
f c( x 0 ) g c( x 0 ),
( f g ) c( x 0 )
f ( x) x ,Q 1 * . A
f c( x 0 ) g c( x 0 ) .

1
f c( x ) x
,
( x )c
R*
x 1
x R* :
1
( x )c
x
(1) c x 1( x ) c
(x ) 2
x 1
x 2
x 1 .
A , ( x ) c x 1 , k Z ^0,1`
10
x R* .
4 9 , k Z ^0,1` , ( x )c x 1 .
, ( x ) c x 1 , = , Q 1 ^0,1` .
: ( x ) c x 1 , = - , Q 1 ^0,1` .
11
f ( x) x . A ,
f R1
f c( x)
1
,
2 x
(x) c
1
2 x
R ^ F / VXQF
0`
84.
, x R1 :
x
(x) c
(x) cx x(x) c
xx xx
2 x
2 x 2 x
x
2
1
.
2 x
A , f ( x) x , D R =
12
(0,f) f c( x) x 1 ,
( x ) c x 1
, y x
,
yc
13
e ln x u
ln x , y
(e u ) c
1
x
eu uc
e ln x
e u . -
x 1 .
A , f ( x) x , ! 0
R f c( x) x ln ,
( x ) c x ln
, y x
e x ln u
x ln , y
,
y c (e u ) c e u u c e x ln ln
x ln .
e u . -
85.
A , f ( x) ln | x | , x R*
14
R* :
1
x
(ln | x | ) c
:
x ! 0 , (ln | x | ) c (ln x) c
1
,
x
x 0 , ln | x | ln( x) , , y ln( x) u x , y ln u . ,
yc
(ln u ) c
1
uc
u
: (ln | x | ) c
15
1
(1)
x
1
x
1
.
x
Rolle .
f :
x [, ]
x (, )
x f ( )
f ( )
, , (, ) , :
f c( )
86.
y
(,f ())
, , (, ) ,
(,f ())
(,f ())
C f M ( , f ( ))
O
x.
16
f :
x [, ]
x (, )
, , (, ) , :
f c( )
f ( ) f ( )

, , (, ) ,

f M ( , f ( )) .
(,f ())
M(,f ())
A(a,f (a))
87.
17
f .
x f
x f c( x) 0 x ,
f -
x1 , x 2 f ( x1 )
f (x2 ) .
x1
x 2 , f ( x1 )
f (x2 ) .
x1 x 2 , [ x1 , x 2 ] f . , ( x1 , x 2 ) ,
f c( )
f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 )
x 2 x1
(1)
, f c( ) 0 ,, (1),
f ( x1 )
f ( x 2 ) . x 2 x1 , f ( x1 )
, , f ( x1 )
18
f ( x 2 ) .
f (x2 ) .
f , g .
x f , g
x f c( x) g c( x) x
, c ,
x :
f ( x)
g ( x) c
88.
f g
y=g(x)+c
x
( f g ) c( x )
f c( x) g c( x)
0.
y=g(x)
, , f g
. , c ,
f ( x) g ( x)
c ,
19
f ( x)
g ( x) c .
f,
.
x f c( x) ! 0 x
, f .
x f c( x) 0 x
, f .
; .
f c( x) ! 0 x1 , x 2 x1 x 2 . f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) .
[ x1 , x 2 ] f ... ,
( x1 , x 2 ) , f c( )
f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 )
f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 )
,
x 2 x1
f c( )( x 2 x1 )
f c( ) ! 0 x 2 x1 ! 0 , f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 ) ! 0 , f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) .
89.
. , f ( ) , ( )
.
, f ( x) x 3 ,
y=x3
R,
f ( x ) 3x 2 ,
R, f c(0) 0 . f c( x) t 0
x R.
20
f
x 0 . f x 0 , :
f c( x 0 )
f x 0
. x 0
y
f (x0)
f
, ! 0 ,
( x 0 , x 0 )
f ( x) d f ( x 0 ) ,
x ( x 0 , x 0 ) .
x0 x0 x0+
(1)
, , f x 0 ,
f c( x 0 )
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
x x0
lim
xo x
0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
.
x x0
90.
,
x ( x 0 , x 0 ) , , (1),
f c( x 0 )
lim
x o x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
t 0 ,
x x0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
t0
x x0
x ( x 0 , x 0 ) , , (1),
(2)
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
d 0 , x x0
f c( x 0 )
lim
xo x
0
f ( x) f ( x 0 )
d0.
x x0
A (2) (3) f c( x 0 ) 0 .
(3)
91.
.
2003.
2.1- 2.4
2.5
Rolle-
2.6
-
- (
, ,
..)
. 220, 2,4 ( )
. 221, 5,6,7,8
. 228, 1 ( )
. 240, 7
. 238, 4
. 239, 12,13,14
. 240, 5,9
. 228, 2,3,4 ( )
. 239, 8,9,10,11
. 240, 1,2,3,4
. 241, 10,11
. 242, 2
. 243, 2,3
. 244, 5 ( )
. 244-245, 2,4,5,7,8
. 248, 2,3
. 247, 1
. 249, 1 ( )
92.
-
-
f
2.6
2.7
-
- -
-
-
- Fermat
. 250, 2,3,7
. 252,
. 250, 4,5
. 252,
. 256, 1
. 257, 1
. 293, 11
. 308, 4 ( )
. 309, 4 ( )
. 256, 3,4
. 257, 6
. 268, 3,4
. 270, 6
. 258, 7,8
. 266, 2
. 269, 3
. 291, 2
. 292, 6
. 268, 5
. 269, 4
. 292, 7
. 255, 2
. 256, 5
. 257, 2
. 256, 6
. 257, 5
. 267, 2
. 269, 1,2
. 257, 3
. 266, 3
93.
. 268, 8, 10
. 270-271, 7, 8, 13
2.8 -
. 277, 2
. 278-279, 2, 35
2.9 - De l Hospital
. 285, 1,3 ( )
. 285-286, 1, 2 ( )
. 285, 4
. 286, 4,6
2.10
. 290, 3
-
. 292, 8, 9, 10
-
. 295-299
.

9

:
1-3
10

:
1-6
11
:
1,3,4,5
12o
:
1,4,6,7,9
13
:
14

:
1,2,4
1-5
15

:
1-5
16

:
1-3
17
:
1,2,3,4
94.
1.
, x ( )
:
x 20 3x + 105 = 0 (1)

250 , *
5.000 .
:
(t) x(t) = 5.
t
, x t. 250
250
1
=
1000
4
t (1).
:
x ' (t ) =
( (t ) x (t )) 20 ( (t )) 3 (x (t )) + (105) = 0
( t ) x ( t ) + ( t ) x ( t ) 20 ( t ) 3x ( t ) = 0
( t ) ( x ( t ) 20) = ( t ) x ( t ) + 3x ( t ) (2)
(1) x ( t ) = 5 x ' ( t ) =
1
(1) :
4
( t ) 5 20 ( t ) 3 5 + 105 = 0 15 ( t ) = 90 ( t ) = 6
(2) :
6 3
1 1
( t )(5 20 ) = 6 + 3 ( t )(15) =
4 4
4 4
95.
15 ( t ) =
3
1
/
( t ) =
4
20
2.
im
x3
f : R R :
f (x ) 2x
= 1 f (5) = 6
x3
i. f ( 3) = 6 .
ii. Cf M ( 3,f ( 3 )) .
iii. y = x + 2 C f
(3,5).
iv. f
( 3,5) f .
:
i. g ( x ) =
f ( x ) 2x
. im g ( x ) = 1 f ( x ) 2x = g ( x ) ( x 3) .
x 3
x 3
f ( x ) = g ( x ) ( x 3) + 2x (1) . (1) :
im f ( x ) = im [g ( x ) ( x 3) + 2x ] = 6
x 3
x 3
f : f (3) = 6 .
ii. f ' (3) .
f ' (3) = im
x 3
= im
x 3
f ( x ) f (3)
f (x ) 6
f ( x ) 2x + 2x 6
= im
= im
=
x 3
x 3
x 3
x 3
x 3
f ( x ) 2x
2x 6
+ im
= 1 + 2 = 3 ,
x
3
x 3
x 3
y f (3) = f ' (3)( x 3) y 6 = 3 ( x 3) y = 3x 3
(2)
iii. : h ( x ) = f ( x ) x 2
[3,5] .
h (3) h (5) = (f (3) 3 2) (f (5) 5 2) = 1 (1) < 0 ,
x 0 (3,5) :
f (x 0 ) x 0 2 f (x 0 ) = x 0 + 2
96.
( x 0 ,f ( x 0 )) Cf y = x + 2 .
iv. f , x (3,5) f ' ( x )
(3,5), 11. f (3) = f (5)
(3,5) f ' ( ) = 0 ( Rolle),.

f 11.
x (3,5) x < : f ' ( x ) > f ' ( ) = 0
x (3,5) x > : f ' ( x ) < f ' ( ) = 0
f (3,5).
f .
3.
2
e + x + 1, x < 1
3
.
x + 3, x 1
.
:
x < 1 f ( x ) = x + 1 + e 2 . x > 1
f ( x ) = 3 x + 3 .
R, 1.
im f ( x ) = im f ( x ) = f (1) .
x 1+
x 1
im f ( x ) = 2 + e 2 im+ f ( x ) = 3 + 3 = f (1) .
x 1
x 1
e + 2 = 3 + 3 e 2 + 3 1 = 0
2
(1) .
(1) , = 0 .
2
3
g ( ) = e + 1, R , g ' ( ) = 2e 2 + 32 > 0
R . g R g ( ) = 0
R.
97.
4. t
1/10 . x(t) 1000 .
10 ;
t 0 x ( t ) =
x ( t )
x (t )
1
x ( t ) :
10
'
'
1
t
t
ln ( x ( t )) = ln ( x ( t )) = + c , c R .
10
10
10
+c
x ( t ) = e10 = ec e10 = c1e10 , c1 = ec .

t
x (0 ) = 1000 c1 = 1000 , x ( t ) = 1000e10 t 0

10 x (10 ) = 1000e .
5.
f , g : [0, + ) ( 0, + ) :
g ( x ) = f ( x ) g 2 ( x )
f ( x ) = g ( x ) f 2 ( x ) g (0 ) = 1 f (0 ) = 2 .
. f ( x ) = 2g ( x ) x 0 .
. f, g.
g ( x ) = f ( x ) g 2 ( x )
, :
2
f ( x ) = g ( x ) f ( x )
. x 0 , :
f ( x )
g ( x )
g ( x ) f 2 ( x )
f ( x ) g 2 ( x )
f ( x ) g ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x )
g (x )
2
f ( x )
g ( x )
=0
c R
f (x )
g (x )
f (x )
g (x )
f ( x ) g ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) = 0
f (x )
= 0 .
g (x )
= c f ( x ) = cg ( x ) x 0 .
x = 0 f (0 ) = cg (0 ) c = 2 . f ( x ) = 2g ( x ) x 0 .
98.
. x 0 :
g ( x ) = f ( x ) g 2 ( x ) g ( x ) = 2g ( x ) g 2 ( x )
g ' ( x )
=2
g (x )
3
2g ( x ) g ( x )
g4 (x )
=4
'
1
2
= ( 4x ) , c R :
g (x )
1
1
2
g (x ) =
= 4x + c g ( x ) =
4x + c
g2 (x )
g (0 ) = 1
4x + c
x 0 ( g ( x ) > 0 x 0 )
1
= 1 c = 1 . g ( x ) =
4x + 1
f ( x ) =
4x + 1
x 0 .
6.
f : [1, 2] R :
f ( x ) > 0 x [1, 2]
f ( 2 ) = 2f (1)
. (1, 2 ) f ( ) =
. x (1, 2 ) :
f ( x ) f (1)
x 1
<
f (2) f ( x )
2x
f ( )
:
. g ( x ) =
f (x )
x
[1, 2] .
g [1, 2] ( ) g ( x ) =
f (2 )
g (2 ) = 2 =
2f (1)
2
xf ( x ) f ( x )
x2
= f (1) = g (1)
. Rolle (1, 2 )
g ( ) = 0
: f ( ) f ( ) = 0 f ( ) = f ( ) f ( ) =
f ( )
99.
h ( x ) = xf ( x ) f ( x ) [1, 2] .
x [1, 2] h ( x ) = f ( x ) + xf ( x ) f ( x ) = xf ( x ) > 0 , h
[1,2] 11 ,
[1, 2] . , .Rolle , (1, 2 )

. x (1, 2 ) .
... f [1, x ] , 1 (1, x ) :
f (1 ) =
f ( x ) f (1)
x 1
... f [x, 2] , 2 ( x, 2 ) :
f ( 2 ) =
f (2 ) f ( x )
2x
1 < 1 < 2 < 2 f . [1, 2] , ( f ( x ) > 0
[1, 2] ), :
f ( 1 ) < f ( 2 )
7..
: f ( ) =
2f (0 ) + 3f ( 2 )
5
f ( x ) f (1)
x 1
<
f (2 ) f ( x )
2x
f : [0, 2] R . (0, 2 )
, f (0 ) < f ( 2 ) .
. = 1 x1 , x 2 (0, 2 ) x1 < x 2 2f ( x1 ) = 3f ( x 2 )
. g ( x ) = f ( x ) + x 2 + x . Rolle
[0,1] [1,2] , ( f (0,2) )
. p (0, 2 ) 5f ( p ) = f (0 ) f ( 2 )
( f (0,2) )
. h ( x ) = 5f ( x ) 2f (0 ) 3f ( 2 ) [0, 2]
h [0, 2]
h (0 ) = 5f (0 ) 2f (0 ) 3f ( 2 ) = 3 (f (0 ) f ( 2 )) < 0
h ( 2 ) = 5f ( 2 ) 2f (0 ) 3f ( 2 ) = 2 (f ( 2 ) f (0 )) > 0
100.
h (0 ) h ( 2 ) < 0 . . Bolzano (0, 2 ) h ( ) = 0

5f ( ) 2f (0 ) 3f ( 2 ) = 0 f ( ) =
2f (0 ) + 3f ( 2 )
5
. .. f [0,1] x1 (0,1)
f ( x1 ) =
f (1) f (0 )
1 0
2f (0 ) + 3f ( 2 )
5
f (0 ) =
3 ( f ( 2 ) f ( 0 ))
5
.. f [1, 2] x 2 (1, 2 )
f ( x 2 ) =
f ( 2 ) f (1)
2f ( x1 ) =
. g
2 1
= f (2 )
6 ( f ( 2 ) f ( 0 ))
5
2f (0 ) + 3f ( 2 )
5
3f ( x 2 ) =
[0, 2]
(0, 2 )
2 ( f ( 2 ) f ( 0 ))
5
6 ( f ( 2 ) f ( 0 ))
5
, 2f ( x1 ) = 3f ( x 2 ) .
Rolle [0,1] [1, 2] :

g (0 ) = g (1)
g ( 2 ) = g (1)
f (0 ) = f (1) + +
f ( 2 ) + 4 + 2 = f (1) + +
+ = f (0 ) f (1)
3 + = f (1) f ( 2 )
2f (1) f ( 0 ) f ( 2 )
=
2
= f (1) f (0 )
= 3f ( 0 ) + f ( 2 ) 4f (1)
3 + = f (1) f ( 2 )
. g ( x ) = f ( x ) + 2x g ( x ) = f ( x ) + 2
. Rolle g [0,1] 1 (0,1) g (1 ) = 0
. Rolle g [1, 2] 2 (0,1) g ( 2 ) = 0
. Rolle g [ 1 , 2 ] p (1 , 2 ) p (0, 2 )
g ( p ) = 0 f ( p ) + 2 = 0 f ( p ) = f ( 2 ) + f (0 ) 2f (1)
f ( p ) = f ( 2 ) + f (0 )
2f (0 ) + 3f ( 2 )
5
f ( p ) =
f (0 ) f ( 2 )
5
101.
8.. f : (0, + ) R
xf ( x ) f ( x ) = 1
x > 0 . y = x + 2 f (1,f(1)) f ( x ) = x 2 x + 3
. g : (0, + ) R lim g ( x ) f ( x ) = 4 .
x +
g + .
:
. cf A (1, f (1)) :
y f (1) = f (1)( x 1) y = f (1) x + f (1) f (1)
y = x + 2 ,
f (1) = 1
f (1) = 1

f 1 f 1 = 2
f 1 = 3
()
( )
( )
x > 0 : xf ( x ) f ( x ) = 1
xf ( x ) f ( x )
f ( x )
c R :
2
=
f ( x ) 1
1

=
2
x
x x
1
+ c f ( x ) = cx 1 x > 0 .
x
f (1) = 1 c 1 = 1 c = 2 . x > 0 f ( x ) = 2x 1 .
f ( x ) = ( x 2 x ) , k R f ( x ) = x 2 x + k x > 0 .
f (1) = 3 k = 3 , f ( x ) = x 2 x + 3 x > 0 .
. y = x + cg + :
= lim
x +
g (x )
x
= xlim
(g ( x ) x )
+
h (x ) = 4
h ( x ) = g ( x ) f ( x ) (0, + ) , xlim
+
g ( x ) = h ( x ) + f ( x ) . :
g (x )
x
g (x )
1
1 3
1
x2 x + 3
= h (x ) + 1 + 2
= h (x ) +
2
x
x
x x
x
x
102.
= lim
x +
g (x )
x
1
1 3
= lim h ( x ) + 1 + 2 = 4 0 + 1 = 1 .
x +
x
x x
, = lim (g ( x ) x ) = lim h ( x ) + f ( x ) x =
x +
x +
x + 3
=
h (x ) +
lim h ( x ) + x 2 x + 3 x = xlim
+
x +
x2 x + 3 + x
3
1 +
x
= 4 1 = 7
lim h ( x ) +
x +
2 2 .
1 3
1 + +1
x x
y = x +
9.
:
7
cg + .
2
f , g : (0, + ) R
f (1) = g (1) = e
f ( x ) g ( x ) f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ( x ) = nx
1
x > 0
x
. f ( x ) g ( x ) = e x nx x > 0 .
. A ( 2, f ( 2 )) B ( 2, g ( 2 )) f, g f ( 2 ) g ( 2 ) .
. xlim
+
f (x )g (x )
x
:
. x > 0 : f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ' ( x ) +
(f ( x ) g ( x ) +
1
= f ( x ) g ( x ) + nx
x
nx ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) + nx .
c R f ( x ) g ( x ) + nx = cex f ( x ) g ( x ) = ce x nx x > 0 .
x = 1 : f (1) g (1) = c e e e = c e c = 1
: f ( x ) g ( x ) = e x nx
103.
. A ( 2, f ( 2 )) , B ( 2, g ( 2 )) cf, cg .
f ( 2 ) = g ( 2 ) = 0 . x > 0 :
f ( x ) g ( x ) + g ( x ) f ( x ) = e x
x
f ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ( x ) + g ( x ) f ( x ) + g ( x ) f ( x ) = e +
f ( 2 ) g ( 2 ) + 2f ( 2 ) g ( 2 ) + g ( 2 ) f ( 2 ) =
f ( 2 ) g ( 2 ) =
(f( 2 ))
1
x = 2
x2
4e 2 + 1
4
4e2 + 1
( f ( 2 ) = g ( 2 ) )
8
4e 2 + 1
4e 2 + 1
, f ( 2 ) = g ( 2 ) =
8
8
(e ) = lim ex = +
e x +
= lim
. : xlim
x + x
x +
+ x
x
( nx )
nx +
1
= lim
= lim = 0
xlim
+ x
x + ( x )
x + x
lim
f (x )g (x )
x +
ex
e x nx
nx
= lim
= + .
+
x +
x
x
x
x
= lim
10.
f ( x ) = x 3 + x 2 + x + . , , , f
1,
1 0 y = 2x + 5 .
:
f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2x + f "( x ) = 6x + 2 . f ' (1) = 0 , .
3 + 2 + = 0 (1) f "(1) = 0 , . 6 + 2 = 0 3 + = 0 (2)

f ' (0) = 2 f (0) = 5 , = 2 (3) = 5 (4) .
:
(3)
(2)
(1) 3 + 2 = 2 3 + 2 3 = 2 9 = 2 = 2 .
9
104.
(2) : =
2
.
3
11.
f ( x ) = x nx, x > 0 .
i. .
ii. e e > e 2 .
:
x
1
i. f ' ( x ) = 1 . f ' ( x ) > 0
>0 x>0 x >.
x
x
:
f ( ) = n f.
ii. e < f (0, ] :

f (e ) > f ( ) e ne > n
e ne > n n ne > e
2

e
n > e > ee > e ee > (e )
e
e
e
e
e e > e 2 .
: (1): : im+ ( x ) = + im ( x ) = + .
x 0
x +
nx 2
, x0.
x2
i. f(x) .
12. :
f (x ) =
2e
x
ii. x e x 0 .
iii. nx 2 =
x2
.
4
105.
2x 2
x nx 2 2x
2
2x (1 nx 2 )
x
=
x 0 .
i. f ' ( x ) =
x4
x4
f ' ( x ) > 0 2x (1 nx 2 ) > 0 . f
:
1
2x
2
( nx 2 )'
nx
1
x2
E im f ( x ) = im 2 = im
=
= im 2 = 0
im
'
x +
x + x
x +
x
x
+
+
2x
x
(x 2 )
im f ( x ) = 0 .
im+ f ( x ) = im+
x 0
x 0
1
f ( x ) =
im+ nx 2 = (+ )( ) = x im
2
0
x
0
x
n( e)
f ( e ) =
1
1
f ( e ) = .
e
e
f , .
e
ii. nx , :
e
2
2
x e nx e n ( x 2 ) ne x e nx x
2e
x2
2e
f (x )
2
iii. nx =
x2
nx 2 1

x2
e
1
, f
e
x2
nx 2 1
1 1
2 = f (x ) = <
4
x
4
4 e
, .
e
106.
1
x (0, e ) f ,
e
1
1
1
, 1 (0, e ) f (1 ) = .
4
e
4
1
x e, + f(x) 0,
e
1
1 1
0, 2, 2 ( e, + ) f ( 2 ) = .
4 e
4
, (0, + ) f ( x ) =
1
. f ,
4
(,0) . ,
f (x ) =
1
.
4
x2 2
nx + n, > 0, x > 0 .
2x
i. f .
13.
f (x ) =
ii. x 2 2 = 2x ( nx n ) .
iii. f .
iv. , <, :
n
2 2
>
:
i. f ' ( x ) =
=
( x 2 2 ) 2x ( x 2 2 ) (2x )
(2x )
2x2x 2 ( x 2 2 ) 1 2x 2 x 2 + 2 1
=
=
4 2 x 2
x
2x 2
x
x 2 + 2 2x ( x )
=
=
0 , x > 0.
2x 2
2x 2
2
1
=
x
107.
2
2
ii. x = 2x ( nx n )
x 2 2
nx + n = 0 f ( x ) = 0
2x
f ( ) = 0 ( ). f (0, + )
.
iii..
x 2 2
x 2 2 2x nx
nx + n = im+
+ n =
im+ f ( x ) = im+
x 0
x 0 2x
2x
x 0
1 ( 2
= im+
x 2 2x nx ) + n
x 0 2x
im+
x 0
1
= + (1)
2x
1
nx
= im+ x = im+ ( x ) = 0
im x nx = im+
x 0+
x 0
x 0
1
1 x 0
2
x
x
(2)
im+ ( x 2 2 2x nx ) = 2 (2 ) . (1) (2)

x 0
im f ( x ) = . x = 0 .
x 0+
x 2 2
x 2 2 2x nx + 2x n
nx + n = im
=
im f ( x ) = im
x +
x + 2x
2x
x +
2
nx
n
x 2 1 2 + 2
+ 2
x
x = + , :
= im x
x +
2
nx
1
2
2 n
= im = 0 .
= im
= 0 , im
x
x
+
+
x + x 2
x +
x
x
x
.
im
f (x )
x 2 2
nx
n 1
= im
=
+
x +
x
x
2x
x
x
2
im
108.
1
x 2 2
1
nx + n
im f ( x )
x = im
x=
+
x +
x
2
2x
2
x 2 2 2x nx + x 2
+ n = +
x +
2x
.
= im
iv. n
2 2
2 2
2 2
>
n n >
n + n > 0
2
2
2
f ( ) > 0 f ( ) > f ( ) , f
(0, + ) > .
14. f :
f (x ) =
:
nx + 1
x
x 0, x > 0 x (0, + ) , f
(0, + ) . f , ,
1
x nx 1
nx
(0, + ) : f ' ( x ) = x
= 2
2
x
x
f ' ( x ) = 0
f ' (x ) > 0
nx
= 0 nx = 0 x = 1 ( )
x2
nx
> 0 nx < 0 x < 1
x2
f (0,1]
[1, + ) . x = 1 f (1) = 1 .
:
1 2
x + nx2x
2x nx x 2 nx 1
f "( x ) = x
=
=
4
x
x4
x3
109.
2 nx 1
1
= 0 nx = x = e ( )
3
x
2
2 nx 1
1
f "( x ) > 0
> 0 nx > x > e
3
x
2
f "( x ) = 0
x = e f A ( e,f ( e )) = e,
2 e
nx + 1
1
= 0 x = e 1 x = . xx . f ( x ) = 0
x
e
1
A ,0 . yy x 0 .
e
nx + 1
1
= im+ ( nx + 1) = (+ )( ) = , x = 0
x
0
x
x
Cf .
. im+ f ( x ) = im+
x 0
x 0
1
(x )
f
nx
1
1
+
im
= im
= im x = im 2 = 0 =
2
x +
x +
x + 2x
x + 2x
x
x
1
+
nx
1
1
im [f ( x ) x ] = im
im x = im = 0 =
= x +
+
x +
x +
x
x
1
x
y = 0 . f + .
.

im+ f ( x ) = im f ( x ) = im
x 0
x +
x +
nx + 1
1
= im = 0 f +
x
x
x
x = 1 f(1) = 1 (,1] .
110.
1.
f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 x + x 3x f
M (0,4) , f.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2.
, , :
x 2 x + 2, 1 x 0
f (x ) = 2
, .Rolle
x + x , 0 < x 1
[1,1].
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
3.
2 x x + x
= 0 4
4 2 x
111.

0, .
4
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
4. f [0,]
f " ( x ) m
x (0, ) . (0, ) f ' ( ) = 0 , :
f ' (0) + f ' ( ) m

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
5.
f R
f ' ( x ) + xf '' ( x ) = 0, x R f ( 0 ) = 1
f ( x ) = 1 , x R
...........................................................................................................................
112.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
6.
f [, ] < 0 <
f (0) =
f ( ) f ( )
. ( , )
f'' ( ) = 0 .
............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
7.
f : (0, + ) R f ( xy ) = xf ( y ) + yf ( x )(1) ,
x,y ( 0, ) f' (1) = 2.
i. f ( 0, )
ii. f.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
113.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
8.
f R
2 f ( x ) f ( ) + f ( ) , x R
x0 ( , ) : f'' ( x 0 ) = 0
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
9.
f 2 / [1,1] f (0 ) = 0
g ( x ) = f ( x ) ( x 2 1) , ( 1,1)
g( ) = 0 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
10.. f R
f( x ) 0 ,
x R . f( x ) = 0 .
114.
. :
e x = (e 1) x + 1
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
11.
f : [0,1] [0,1] f (0 ) = 0, f (1) = 1 .
i. x 0 (0,1) f ( x 0 ) = 1 x 0
ii. 1 , 2 (0,1) 1 2 f (1 ) f ( 2 ) = 1
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
12. f R*
xR *
1
xf( x ) = ( x + 1) f ( x ) (1) f (1) = e, f ( 1) = . f.
e
...........................................................................................................................
115.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
13.
f [4, 4] , f ( 4 ) = 20,f ( 4 ) = 22
(4,4), 1,2 ( 4,4 ) :
1
1
+
=8.
f(1 ) f( 2 )
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
14.
f y = 1
y = 4 x = 1 x = 5 ,
1,2 (1, 5 ) :
1
4
+
= 4 .
f(1 ) f( 2 )
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
116.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
15.
y = x 3 . f
+ .
f (x )
lim (f ( x ) x ) .
x +
x +
x
i. lim
ii. :
lim
x +
f ( x ) 4x
=2
xf ( x ) x 2 + 4x
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
117.
1
.. f, g :
.
f ' ( x ) = g ' ( x ) , x .
, f, g c, f (x ) = g (x ) + c .
( 4)
1
,
2 x
x 0 , (4,6).
( 2)
...........................................................................................................................
. f : f '(x ) =
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
1. () ().
. f 4 f ' 3 .
( 3)
118.
. f ' 2 f 2
( 3)
. .
( 3)
2. ,,, 1
4, .
im f ( x ) + x = 3
5
x
y=
x +
im (f (x ) x ) = 1
x +
+1
im (f (x ) x ) = 1
x +
3
.
x
y=
y=6/5x+3
im (f (x ) + x ) = 1
x +
5/2
A
( 10)
20
. f,g [2,20] = f (x ) , = g(x ) (4,10), (4,7) ,
f (10 ) g (10 ) =
119.
. 17
. -3
. 3
. -17
. 0
( 10)
. n (1 + x ) x , x 0 .
( 15)
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...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
30
x ' x :
S(t ) = t 3 9t 2 + 24t
:
. .
.
.
. t1 , t 2
.
. t 0
.
. ,
t 0 , t1 , t 2
( 25)
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
120.
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
40
f, f (0 ) = 0 f '(x )e f (x ) = 2x ,
x .
( 25)
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1. ,
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5. .
122.
: -

0dx = c, c R
v
x dx =
x v +1
+ c, c R
v +1
xdx = x + c, c R
1
x
dx = An x + c, c R
cdx = cx + c1
1
1
dx = + c, c R
x
x2
x
x
e dx = e + c, c R
xdx = x + c, c R
1
dx = x + c, c R
2 x
1
x
dx = 2 x + c, c R
1
dx = x + c, c R
2 x
x
dx =
x
+ c, c R
An
: f , x F ( x ) = f ( t ) dt
x
f , F' ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( t ) dt = f ( x ) .
x
F ( x ) .
(....)
F ( x ) f f , :
f ( x ) dx = F ( ) F ( ) = [F ( x )]
1.. f [, ] f ( x ) 0
Cf ( f) xx x = , x =
( ) = f ( x ) dx
( x, y ) x
0 y f ( x ) .
. f [, ] f ( x ) 0
x [, ]
C f xx x = , x =
( ) = [f ( x )] dx .
123.
( ) :
( x, y ) x f ( x ) y 0 .
. f [, ]
Cf x = , x = xx
( ) = f ( x ) dx .
( ) = (1 ) + ( 2 ) + (3 ) =
1
2
= f ( x ) dx + ( f ( x )) dx + f ( x ) dx
2.
f, g [, ] x = , x = ( ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) dx .
:
. f ( x ) g ( x ) , x [, ]
( ) = [f ( x ) g ( x )] dx
. f ( x ) g ( x ) , x [, ]
( ) = [g ( x ) f ( x )] dx
. f ( x ) g ( x )
( ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) dx .
( ) = (1 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) =
(f ( x ) g ( x )) dx + (g ( x ) f ( x )) dx + (f ( x ) g ( x )) dx
124.
f . F
f , :
x
G ( x)
F ( x) c ,
c R,
f
x G f
F ( x) c ,
G ( x)
c R.
x G ( x) F ( x) c , c R,
f , :
G c( x)
( F ( x) c) c
F c( x)
f ( x) , x .
x G f . x
F c( x) f ( x) G c( x) f ( x) ,
G c( x)
F c( x) , x .
, , c ,
G ( x) F ( x) c , x .
2
f ( x) t 0 f , , , :
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx f ( x)dx .
125.
:
( )
(1 ) ( 2 )
(1 )
f ( x)dx ,
( 2 )
f ( x)dx
( )
f ( x)dx .
3 f
,
F ( x)
f (t )dt , x ,
f . :
x f (t )dt
f ( x) ,
x .
(.
) :
F ( x h) F ( x )
xh
f (t )dt
.
| f ( x) h , h ! 0 .
, h ! 0
F ( x h) F ( x )
| f ( x) ,
h
F c( x)
lim
ho0
F ( x h) F ( x )
h
f ( x)
126.
g(x)
f ( t )dt
f ( g( x )) g c( x ) , -

F(x)
f (t)dt WWH F(x) f x NDL F g x F g x g x f g x g x
F g x
g(x)
f ( t )dt
f ( g( x )) g c( x ) .
f [, ] .
G f [, ] ,
f (t )dt
G ( ) G ( )
F ( x)
f (t )dt f [, ] . -
G f [, ] , c R , :
G ( x)
F ( x) c
(1)
(1), x , :
G ( )
F ( ) c
f (t )dt c
c , c
G ( x)
(2), x
F ( x ) G ( )
, :
G( )
G ( ) . ,
F ( ) G ( )
f (t )dt
f (t )dt G ( )
G ( ) G ( ) .
(2)
127.
, , f g, [, ] f ( x) t g ( x) t 0 x [, ]
f , g
x x .
E ( )
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
y=f (x)
y=g(x)
1
2
O
()
()

()
(1 ) ( 2 )
, E ( )
7
f ( x)dx g ( x)dx
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
, , f g, [, ] f ( x) t g ( x) x [, ]
f , g
x x .
E ( )
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
, f , g [, ] , c R * :
f ( x) c t g ( x) c t 0 , x [, ] .
128.
129.
130.
.

3.1-3.2
-
-
3.4-3.5
-
f ( t ) dt
. 316, :1iv,vi,vii,2iv,v3 ( )
. 317 : 3,4,7
. 308, :6 ( )
. 308-309, : 2,3 ( )
. 339, : 8,9
. 340, : 11,12
. 352, : 1,4
. 339, :3,5,6
3.6
-
-
. 349, : 3,4 ( )
. 349-351, :
1,2,5,9,12 ( )
. 352, : 5,6
. 353 : 8,9
. 353 10
. 354-359
.

18o
:
1-4
19
:
1-8
20

2, 3, 7
1-4
:
:
131.
1.
f (0, + )
(1)
f (1) = 1
(2) f ( x ) = 1 , x > 0
x
:
1
x
(2) : x > 0 , f ( x ) = dx = Anx + c
(*)
(*)
f (1) = 1 An1 + c = 1 c = 1
f ( x ) = Anx + 1, x > 0
2. f ( x ) = Axnx ,
2
x > 0 . , \
g ( x ) = Anx + , x > 0 ()
x
f (0, + ) .
:
g f
g ( x ) = f ( x )
(0, + )
x > 0 ,
Anx Anx
= 2 Anx = Anx
x2
x
Anx Anx = 0 ( 2) Anx + = 0 x > 0.

1 = 0
= 1
. (, ) = (1, 1)
= 0
= 1
132.
3..
A, B \
2x
A
B
=
+
, x \ {1, 2} .
x 2 3x + 2 x 1 x 2
. :
2x
dx .
3x + 2
:
.
2x
A
B
=
+
, x \ {1, 2}
x 3x + 2 x 1 x 2
2
2x = A ( x 2 ) + B ( x 1) , x \ {1, 2}
2x = ( A + B ) x 2A B , x \ {1, 2}
A + B = 2
A = 2
2A B = 0
B = 4
)
2x
4
1
1
2
dx =
dx + 4
dx =
+
dx = 2
x 1
x2
3x + 2
x 1 x 2
= 2An x 1 + 4An x 2 + c
4.
f : (0, + ) \ :
(1) f (1) = 2
(2) xf ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2x , x>0
. B f.
. Y :
f ( x ) dx
:
. x>0, xf ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2x (f ( x ) x ) = 2x f ( x ) x = 2xdx = x 2 + c ,
x>0 f ( x ) =
f ( x ) =
.
x2 + c
, x > 0 (*) f (1) = 2 1 + c = 2 c = 1 .
x
x2 +1
,x > 0
x
f ( x ) dx =
x2 + 1
1
1
dx = x + dx = x 2 + Anx + c
x
x
2
133.
5.
:
f : (0, + ) \ ( 0, + )
f ( x ) e dx = x
x
+ c, c \
x
. : I = e f ( x ) dx
. f.
:
x
x
x
. I = e f ( x ) dx = e f ( x ) e f ( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) ( x x + c ) =
= ex f ( x ) x x c
.
f ( x ) e dx = x
x
+ c , f ( x ) e x = ( x x + c ) , x > 0, .
f ( x ) e x = x x (1 + Anx ) , x > 0 f ( x ) = e x x x (1 + Anx ) , x > 0.
6. f R. F
f R, :
f (x + ) dx = F (x + ) + c,
:
F f R
f ( x ) dx = F ( x ) + c
(1) :
x + = t
(1)
1
1
1
1
f
t
dt
=
= F ( t ) + c = F (x + ) + c
f
t
dt
(
)
(
)
dx = dt
f (x + ) dx =
7.
f : \ \ :
1, x (0,1]
f ( Anx ) =
x, x (1, + )
:
Anx = t :
1, t 0
f (t ) = t
e , t > 0
t + c1 , t 0
, : f ( t ) =
t
e +c 2 , t > 0
134.
f : lim f ( t ) = lim f ( t )
t 0
t 0+
. 1 + c 2 = c1
x + 1 + c2 , x 0
, x
x>0
e +c2 ,
: f ( x ) =
.
8.. : (1 x ) e x dx
. f : \ \ :
1 x
, x \
ex
+
f (x ) =
y = 2
:
.
(1 x ) e
x
x
dx = ( x 1) (e x )dx = ( x 1) e e dx =
= ( x 1) e x + e x + c = xe x + c, c \
. f ( x ) =
1 x
= (1 x ) e x , x \ f ( x ) =
ex
(1 x )e
dx = x e x +c ,
x \ (*)
c f + y = 2 .
:
lim f ( x ) = 2 lim ( xe x + c ) = 2
(*)
x +
x
lim x
x + e
x +
L Hospital
1
+c = 2 0+c = 2 c = 2
+ c = 2 lim
x + e x
f ( x ) = x e x + 2, x \
9. :
2
6 x
2 x
dx
dx =
0
2x
2x
6
:
:
2
2 x 2 x
6 x
2 x
dx
dx = 6
dx =
0 2x
0
2x
2x
135.
6
2x
dx = dx =
0
2x
6
10.. f [0,] (>0) :
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
. : I = 0 2
x
dx
x + x
. :
f ( x ) dx = f ( t )( dt ) = f ( t ) dt = o f ( t ) dt
. :
x
x
I= 2
dx = 2
dx
0 x + x
0
x + x
2
x =t
x
dx = (1)
x + x
(1)
2
2I = I + I = 0
x
x
dx + 2
dx
0 x + x
x + x
x + x
dx = 2 dx = I =
0
x + x
2
4
11. f [1,2].
Cf (1,2) (2,1)
:
x ( 2f ( x ) + xf ( x )) dx
2
:
A (1, 2 ) c f f (1) = 2 , B ( 2,1) c f f ( 2 ) = 1
x ( 2f ( x ) + xf ( x )) dx = ( 2xf ( x ) + x f ( x )) dx
2
2
= ( x 2 f ( x )) dx = x 2 f ( x ) =
1
136.
= 22 f ( 2 ) 12 f (1) = 4f ( 2 ) f (1) = 4 1 2 = 2
12.
f R. :
f : \ \ F -
( x t ) f ( t ) dt =x F ( x )
x
x\ ,
f .
:
:
x f ( t ) dt t f ( t ) dt =x F ( x ) , x \
0
0
x
f ( t ) dt + x f ( x ) xf ( x ) = 1 f ( x ) ,
x
f ( t ) dt = 1 f ( x )
x
x\
(1), x \
:
x \ , f ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 0
e x ( f ( x ) + f ( x )) = 0 e x f ( x ) = 0
e x f (x ) = c f (x ) =
c
ex
(2)
(2 )
(1) x = 0 : f (0 ) = 1 c = 1
. (2) f : f ( x ) =
1
= e x , x \
ex
13. f R :
(2) f ( 0 ) = 0
(1) f ( x ) 0 , x \

f (x )
u 2 du + e x 1 = 0 .
:
f (x )
g ( x ) = 0
u 2 du + e x 1 , x \
137.
g (0 ) =
f (0 )
(2 )
u 2 du = u 2 du = 0
0
. g 0.
x \ , g ( x ) = f 2 ( x ) f ( x ) + eNx > 0
N N
0 0 >0
g . 0 g .
14.
< f : [ , ] \
I = f ( x ) dx 0 . : (, ) = f ( x ) dx = I
I
v
v N* {1}
:
g ( x ) =
:
1
f ( t ) dt v I
x
, x [ , ] -
g [, ]
1
g ( ) = I
v
g ( ) =
f ( t ) dt
1 .
1
I = I I
v
v
1 21
1
1
1 1
O g ( ) g ( ) = I I I = I 2 + 2 I 2 = I 1 < 0
v
v
v
v
v v
<0
1
. Blzano (, ) : g ( ) = 0 f ( t ) dt = I
v
15.
f : [, ] \ -
[,].
:
f ( )
f )
f ( x ) dx = (
tdt
f ( f 1 ( t ))
138.
:
1
/ f ( t ) = u t = f ( u ) dt = f ( u ) du .
f ( )
f )
tdt
f ( f ( t ))
=
f (u )
f ( u ) du =
f (u )
16.
f ( u ) du
f : \ \ :
2
t
x \ , f ( x ) = x + 0 e f ( x t ) dt .
x
:
/ x t = u du = dt
x \ , f ( x ) = x 2 e u x f ( u ) du
0
2
u
x
x \ , f ( x ) = x + e 0 e f ( u ) du
x
x
x
2
u
. x \ , e f ( x ) = e x + 0 e f ( u ) du
x
, :
x \ ,
e x f ( x ) + e x f ( x ) = 2xe x + x 2 e x + e x f ( x )
e x f ( x ) = e x ( x 2 + 2x ) f ( x ) = ( x 2 + 2x )
f (x ) =
1 3
x + x2 + c
3
()
f ( 0 ) = 0 ()
1 3
2
c = 0 . f ( x ) = x + x , x \
3
17..
f : [, ] \
f , :
f ( )
f ( )
f ( x ) dx +
f 1 ( x ) dx = f ( ) f ( )
. : f ( x ) = x + 2x,
i. f .
0x
139.
ii. :
f ( x ) dx
1
:
. f 1 ( x ) = t x = f ( t ) dx = f ( t ) dt :
f ( )
f ( )
f 1 ( x ) dx = tf ( t ) dt = tf ( t )
f ( )
f ( )
f ( x ) dx +
f ( t ) d t = f ( ) f ( ) f ( t ) dt
f 1 ( x ) dx =f ( ) f ( )
.i. x [0, ] , f ( x ) = x + 2 > 0 . f
[0, ]
ii. () f ( x ) = x + 2x , :
f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx = 2
0
(x + 2x ) dx + f ( x ) dx = 2
0
1
2
2
x + x 0 + f ( x ) dx = 2 ,
0
+ 2 + 1 + f 1 ( x ) dx = 22
0
18.
f ( x ) dx =
1
f : \ \ :
nx
f ( t ) dt x
2n
, x \ n N* {1}
: f (0 ) = 0
:
nx
: x \ , x 2n f ( t )dt x 2n
x
nx
g ( x ) = f ( t ) dt x 2n , x \
x
g R x \ ,
(1)
140.
g ( x ) = f ( x ) + n f ( nx ) 2nx 2n 1
(1) : x \ , g ( x ) 0 = g (0 ) 0
() g, (. Fermat)
g (0 ) = 0 f (0 ) + nf (0 ) = 0 f ( 0 ) ( n 1) = 0 f (0 ) = 0 , ( n 1 ).
19.
f : [0, c] \ (c > 0 ) f :
x [0,c] , x f ( x ) = f (c )
: (0, c ) : f ( ) = 0
:
x f ( x ) dx = c f ( c )
cf (c ) f ( x ) 0 = c f ( c ) f (c ) = f (0 )
. x f ( x )0 0 f ( x) dx = c f (c)
c
: f [o, c]
f (o, c )
f (0 ) = f (c )
. Rolle : (0, c ) : f ( ) = 0
20.
f : [0, ] \, ( > 0 ) f (0 ) = f (0 ) = 1
. C f 0.
. : f ( x ) x + 1, x [0, ] .
. :
f ( x ) dx >
0
:
. : y f (0 ) = f (0 )( x 0 ) .
y = x + 1 .
. f [0, ] . :
x [0, ] , f ( x ) x + 1
. ) :
f ( x ) dx
x2
2
( x + 1) dx = 2 + x = + >
2
141.
21.
f : \ \* :
f (x ) = 2 +
t
f (t )
dt , x \
i. f ( x ) > 0 , x \ .
ii. f.
:
i. :
f \
f x 0, x \
( )
f R f (1) = 2 + 1
t
dt = 2 + 0 = 2 > 0 ,
f (t )
: f ( x ) > 0 , x \
ii. : x \ ,
f (x ) =
1
1
x
1
1
f (x )f (x ) = x f 2 (x ) = x2 f 2 (x ) = x2 + c
2
2
2
2
f (x )
() x = 1 :
i)
1 2
1
1
1
3
f (1) = 1 + c 22 = + c c =
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
1
3
f (x ) = x2 + f 2 (x ) = x2 + 3
2
2
2
() : x \ ,
f ( x ) > 0 , x \ f ( x ) = x 2 + 3 .
22.. f [,] :
f ( x ) 0 , x [, ]
f ( x ) dx = 0
: f ( x ) = 0 , x [, ]
. R f :
1
0
f 2 ( x ) dx +
()
1
=
3
1
0
2xf ( x ) dx
: f ( x ) = x, x [0,1]
142.
:
. f [,]. f ( x ) 0 ,
x [, ] :
f ( x ) dx > 0
f ( x ) = 0 , x [, ] .
. f 2 ( x ) dx +
1
1
=
3
2xf ( x ) dx
(f ( x ) x )
1
1
1
2
dx = 0 . = 0 x dx
3
(f ( x ) x ) 0 , x [0,1] ) :
2
f ( x ) x = 0 , x [0,1] . f ( x ) = x , x [0,1] .
23. f ( x ) = 3x
+ 6x ( ) : y = (6 3 ) x , (0, 2 )
. Cf
x.
. ()
.
:
. f ( x ) = 0 3x 2 + 6x = 0 3x ( x 2 ) = 0 x = 0 x = 2
0 2 Cf
x . f :
:
2
( ) = f ( x ) dx = f ( x )dx = ( 3x 2 + 6x ) dx = x 3 + 3x 2 = 4..
. f ( x ) = (6 3 ) x 3x 2 + 3x = 0 x = 0 x =
0 Cf
(). f ( x ) (6 3 ) x = 3x 2 + 3x
.
143.
1 Cf ( )
3x 2
3
( 1 ) = f ( x ) (6 3 ) x dx = ( 3x + 3x )dx = x 3 +
=
2 0
2
0
0
( ) :
(1 ) =
24.
1
3 1
( )
= 4= 3 4
2
2 2
f ( x ) = xe x .
2
. (),
Cf , x = 1, x = , ( > 1) x.
. lim ( ) .
:
. f [1,] : f ( x ) > 0 ,
x [1, ] . :
1 2 1
1
1
1 2
() = f ( x ) dx = xe dx = ex = e + e1 = 2
2
2
2e 2e
2
1
1
1
1
1
. lim ( ) = lim 2
+
+ 2e
2e
25.
x2
1
1
1
1
lim 2 = 0 =
lim
= +
+
2e
2e
2e
2e
f ( x ) = 9 x 2 A nx
. () Cf ,
x x = 1 x = , ( > 1)
. (1,e ) : E () = 17
:
. f [1,] f ( x ) 0 ,
x [1, ] .
: ( ) = f ( x )dx = 9x 2 Anxdx = (3x3 )Anxdx =
144.
1
= 3x 3 A nx 3x 3 dx = 3 3 A n 3x 2 dx =
1
x
1
1
= 3 3 A n x 3 = 3 3 A n 3 + 1
1
. :
g :
g ( ) = E ( ) 17 = 33 An 3 16, [1, e]
g [1, e] ,
3
3
3
g (1) g (e ) = ( 1 16 ) (3e e 16 ) = 17 ( 2e 16 ) < 0
Bolzano g (1,e ) (1)

2
3
(1,e ) , g ( ) = 9 An + 3
g (1, e )
1
3 2 = 9 2 An > 0
(2). (1) (2) :
(1, e ) : g ( ) = 0 ( ) 17 = 0 ( ) = 17
26.
: f : [0, ] \ f ( x ) = x + x, x [0, ]
. f .
. Cf Cf .
:
-1
. x ( 0, ) f ( x ) = x +1 > 0 , f
[0,] ( [0,]) 1-1 .
. f ,
f f 1 ( ) y = x , f ( x ) = x [0,].
: f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) f ( x ) = x x = 0 x = 0 x =
( x [0, ] ) , f
f 1 , y = x , :
= 2 f ( x ) x dx = 2 x dx = 2 xdx ( x [0, ] , x 0 )
145.
= 2 ( + 0 ) = 4
27.
f R :
F ( x ) = xf ( t ) dt, x R
x
. (0,1) F( ) = 0 .
.
f ( t ) dt = f ( )
1
:
. F ( x ) = x f ( t ) dt, x R . F R
x
R f1 ( x ) = x f 2 ( x ) = f ( t ) dt .
x
[0,1] F (0 ) = 0, F (1) = 1 f ( t ) dt = 0
1
Rolle [0,1] . (0,1) :

F( ) = 0 .
. x R : F( x ) = f ( t ) dt + xf ( x ) x = , :
x
F( ) = 0 f ( t ) dt + f ( ) = 0 f ( t ) dt = f ( )
28.
f ( 0, + ) f ( x ) =
f.
:
x tf ( t )
1
+
dt, x > 0
x 1 x2
x 2 f ( x ) tf ( t ) dt
x
1 1
f (x ) = + 2
x x
'
tf ( t ) dt
x
x tf ( t ) dt
1
= (Anx )
1
2
tf ( t ) dt = Anx + c
x
146.
1 1
tf ( t ) dt = xAnx . (1) f ( x ) = x + x
x
x = 1: 0 = c ,
29.
x2
f ( t ) dt x
x
xAnx =
1 1
+ Anx
x x
x , x R f
R. : (0,1) : f( ) = 0 .
:
f Rolle [0,1] f (0 ) = f (1) ( f
R).
:
x2
f ( t ) dt x
x
x2
+ x 0 f ( t ) dt + f ( t ) dt x 2 + x 0
x2
f ( t ) dt + f ( t ) dt x 2 + x 0
0
0

, x R
x
g(x )
x2
: g ( x ) = f ( t ) dt + f ( t ) dt x 2 + x 0, x R (1)
g (0) = 0 g (1) = 0 . (1) :
g ( x ) g (0 )
, x R
g ( x ) g (1)
g x1 = 0 x 2 = 0 . Fermat g( 0 ) = 0 g(1) = 0 .
g( x ) = f ( x ) + 2xf ( x 2 ) 2x + 1 , x R . :
g( 0 ) = 0
f ( 0 ) + 1 = 0 f (0 ) = 1

g 1 = 0
f 1 + 2f 1 1 = 0 f 1 = 1
()
()
( )
( )
f (0 ) = f (1) , Rolle f [0,1]

(0,1) : f( ) = 0 .
147.
1.
f f ( x ) =
Ant
dt, x > 0 . :
t +1
2
1
2 f ( x ) + f = (Anx ) , x > 0
x
...........................................................................................................................
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2.
f R f ( x ) > 0 f ( x ) + 0 tf ( t ) dt = 1 (1) :
x
i. N f R.
iii. :
lim
x + 0
te t
/2
ii. f.
dt = 1
...........................................................................................................................
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148.
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
3.
f [0,3] , f ([0,3]) = [1,3]
f ( t ) dt = 4x 3
x
(1)
(1) (0,3).
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
4.
g ( x ) =
x +1
f ( t ) dt f
( 0, + ) . g ( 0, + ) .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
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5.
x2
:
f ( x ) = xe 2
xx C f .
C f ,
149.
, yy x = , > 0 .
+ .
...........................................................................................................................
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6.
f : R R ,
(x,f (x ))
2x 4 Cf yy 3. :
. Cf Cf xx.
. Cf .
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
7. f, g [,].
f ( x ) < g ( x )
x (, ) f ( ) = g ( ) , f ( ) = g ( ) , x = x 0 x 0 (, ) , Cf Cg (
).
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
150.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
8.
f.
x
F (x ) = f (t ) dt
1
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
9. f [0,1], :
.
2xf ( x 2 ) dx = f ( x ) dx
1
. (0,1) : 2f ( 2 ) = f ( )
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
10.
f [0,1]
f (x ) dx = 1 .
151.
f (x) = x +
1
[0,1].
2
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
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11. f R e +
x
f (t ) dt 2 x 1 x R . -
Cf .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
12. :
f (x ) =
1
2 + x2
. .
. :
Aim
x + +1
x + x +
f (t ) dt, > 0
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
152.
1
. G f [,],
f (t )dt = G( ) G( )
( 6)
1. , , ,
1 6 .

xf (t )dt
1. xf (x )
2. f (t )dt + xf (x )
(t + 1)dt
1x
x2
x2
3. 2x(x 2 + 1)
1
dt
t2
4.
5. 1
1
dt
2t
2x(x 2 + 1)
6. x
( 10)
153.
2. () ().
. f (x ) g(x ) , x [, ], f (x )dx g(x )dx

( 4)
. f (x ) > 0 , x [, ] f (x )dx = 0 , =
( 5)
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20
. f,
f ;
154.
( 12)
. :
4 x
dx
2 x
( 13)
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...........................................................................................................................
30
x+2
. : xAim
+
Ant
dt
t
. :
7
. f (x )dx
2
. f (x )dx
2
( 10)
155.
. (f (x ) 2 )dx
2
. (f (x ) 2 )dx + (2 f (x ))dx
. (f (x ) 2)dx
2
( 15)
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40

N'(t ) = 20 +
20(t + 1)
, t 0
t + 2t + 2
2
.
1. 6 ,
10 .
( 10)
2.
3 .
( 15)
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ΒΙΒΛΙΟΤΕΤΡΑΔΙΟ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗΣ Γ&#39;

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ΒΙΒΛΙΟΤΕΤΡΑΔΙΟ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗΣ Γ&#39;

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iii. z1 z 2 = z1 z 2 z1 z 2 ...z v = z1 z 2 ...z v v N* .

(DJ  EG)  (EJ  DG)i

(D  Ei)  ( J  Gi) (D  J )  (E  G)i

w A (1,0) B (1,0) yy ' ,

(z + i )17 + (2i )11 ( z i )6 = 0 (z + i )17 + 211 i11 ( z i )6 = 0

(z + i )17 + 211 (i )( z i )6 = 0 (z + i )17 = 211 i ( z i )6 (1)

lim (f (x) + g(x) ) = lim f (x) + lim g(x)

lim ( k f (x) ) = k lim f (x) , k R

lim (f (x) g(x) ) = lim f (x) lim g(x)

lim (f (x) ) = lim f (x) , v 2

lim f (x) = lim f (x)

lim f (x) f (x) 0 x0 , v N v 2 .

. 187, 3i, iii ( )

(f (0) 4)2 + f (0)2 2 = 4 f (0) 2f (0) 8 + f (0) 2 = 0

g R g (0) = f (0) 1 > 0 g ( x ) > 0 , x R . f ( x ) 1 > 0 , x R .

g R g (0 ) = f (0 ) > 0 g ( x ) > 0 , x R , f ( x ) x 2 > 0 , x R

ii. : x R , f ( x ) > x 2 0 0 <

f : R R 11 f (2 ) < f (1) < f ( 3 ) .

g ( 2 ) = f (0 ) + f (1) = (f (0 ) f (1)) g (0 ) g ( 2 ) = (f (0 ) f (1)) < 0

. lim 16x 2 + x + 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 5 +7x+8

. f, g 1-1 gof 1-1

h ' ( x ) = f ' ( g ( x )) g ' ( x )

y f (3) = f ' (3)( x 3) y 6 = 3 ( x 3) y = 3x 3

(3,5) f ' ( ) = 0 ( Rolle),.

x ( t ) = e10 = ec e10 = c1e10 , c1 = ec .

x (0 ) = 1000 c1 = 1000 , x ( t ) = 1000e10 t 0

[1, 2] . , .Rolle , (1, 2 )

1 < 1 < 2 < 2 f . [1, 2] , ( f ( x ) > 0

h (0 ) h ( 2 ) < 0 . . Bolzano (0, 2 ) h ( ) = 0

Rolle [0,1] [1, 2] :

3 + 2 + = 0 (1) f "(1) = 0 , . 6 + 2 = 0 3 + = 0 (2)

ii. e < f (0, ] :

im+ ( x 2 2 2x nx ) = 2 (2 ) . (1) (2)

x (0, ) . (0, ) f ' ( ) = 0 , :

f ' (0) + f ' ( ) m

f : [0,1] [0,1] f (0 ) = 0, f (1) = 1 .

f (t)dt WWH F(x) f x NDL F g x F g x g x f g x g x

(2) : x > 0 , f ( x ) = dx = Anx + c

Anx Anx = 0 ( 2) Anx + = 0 x > 0.

f ( x ) e x = x x (1 + Anx ) , x > 0 f ( x ) = e x x x (1 + Anx ) , x > 0.

10.. f [0,] (>0) :

.i. x [0, ] , f ( x ) = x + 2 > 0 . f

: ( ) = f ( x )dx = 9x 2 Anxdx = (3x3 )Anxdx =

Bolzano g (1,e ) (1)

(2). (1) (2) :

Rolle [0,1] . (0,1) :

f (0 ) = f (1) , Rolle f [0,1]

f [0,3] , f ([0,3]) = [1,3]

. f (x ) g(x ) , x [, ], f (x )dx g(x )dx

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ΒΙΒΛΙΟΤΕΤΡΑΔΙΟ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗΣ Γ'

ΒΙΒΛΙΟΤΕΤΡΑΔΙΟ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗΣ Γ'

(DJ EG) (EJ DG)i

(D Ei) ( J Gi) (D J ) (E G)i