CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC) NM HC 2012-2013

Cau 1. Phong tro ng khi (1959 - 1960) min Nam n ra

trong hon cnh no ? Nu din bin, kt qu v ngha. Hng dn tr li a. Nguyn nhn bng n : - 1957-1959: chnh quyn Ng nh Dim ban hnh chnh sch t cng, dit cng, ra o lut 10/59 t cng sn ra ngoi vng php lut, l my chm khp min Nam lm lc lng cch mng b tn tht nng, i hi phi c bin php quyt lit a cch mng vt qua kh khn. - Thng 01/1959, Hi ngh Trung ng ng 15 xc nh: cch mng min Nam khng c con ng no khc l s dng bo lc cch mng nh chnh quyn M - Dim. Phng hng c bn l khi ngha ginh chnh quyn v tay nhn dn bng lc lng v trang. b. Din bin : Lc u phong tro n ra l t tng a phng nh Vnh Thnh, Bc i (2/1959), Tr Bng (8/1959), sau lan khp min Nam thnh cao tro cch mng, tiu biu l cuc ng khi Bn Tre. Ngy 17/1/1960, ng khi n ra 3 x nh Thu, Phc Hip, Bnh Khnh (huyn M Cy, tnh Bn Tre), t lan khp huyn M Cy v tnh Bn Tre (huyn Ging Trm, Ba Tri, Chu Thnh) Qun chng gii tn chnh quyn ch, lp y ban nhn dn t qun, lp lc lng v trang, tch thu rung t ca a ch, cng ho chia cho dn cy ngho. Phong tro lan khp Nam B, Ty Nguyn v mt s ni Trung Trung b. Cui nm 1960, ta lm ch 600/1298 x Nam B, 3.200/5721 thn Ty Nguyn, 904/3829 thn Trung Trung b. c. ngha : * i vi M - Dim: - Ging n nng n vo chnh sch thc dn mi ca M. - Lm lung lay tn gc ch tay sai Ng nh Dim. * V pha Ta: - nh du bc pht trin nhy vt ca cch mng Vit Nam: t th gi gn lc lng sang th tin cng. - T kh th , ngy 20/12/1960, Mt trn dn tc gii phng min Nam Vit Nam ra i, on kt ton dn u tranh chng M - Dim, lp chnh quyn cch mng di hnh thc y ban nhn dn t qun. M rng : V sao ni : phong tro ng khi (1959 - 1960) c coi l mc nh du bc pht trin nhy vt ca cch mng min Nam ?
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CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

ng Khi thng li lm lung lay tn gc ch M - Dim min Nam nc ta v l thng li c ngha quyt nh ca cng nhn min Nam trong vic nh bi chin lc Chin tranh mt pha ca M v tay sai. Thng li ca phong tro ng Khi lm cho lc lng v trang cch mng min Nam xut hin. Hai lc lng chnh tr v lc lng v trang u ln mnh. Vng gii phng min Nam nc ta ra i. Hng ngn x, thn, p min Nam c gii phng. Nhn dn ginh quyn lm ch. Ngy 20/12/1960, Mt trn Gii phng min Nam ra i. Mt trn ch trng: on kt ton dn, kin quyt u tranh chng quc M xm lc v tay sai Ng nh Dim, thnh lp chnh quyn lin minh dn tc dn ch rng ri min Nam, thc hin c lp dn tc, t do dn ch, ci thin dn sinh, gi vng ho bnh, thi hnh chnh sch trung lp, tin ti ho bnh thng nht T quc. Cch mng min Nam i t th gi gn, bo v lc lng v c s cch mng sang thi k tin cng nh ch thng tr ca M - Dim, gii phng min Nam, hon thnh cuc cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn trong c nc. Vi tt c nhng im , cuc ng khi (1959 - 1960) c coi l mc nh du bc pht trin nhy vt ca cch mng min Nam nc ta.

Cau 2. Cho bit hon cnh lch s, ni dung c bn v ngha ca Hip

nh Pari nm 1973 v vic chm dt chin tranh, lp li ha bnh Vit Nam. Hng dn tr li 1. Hon cnh lch s : u nm 1967, sau thng li trong hai ma kh 1965 - 1966 v 1966 - 1967, ta ch trng m thm mt trn tin cng ngoi giao. Mc tiu ngoi giao trc mt l i M chm dt khng iu kin chin tranh ph hoi min Bc, coi l iu kin i n thng lng bn hi ngh. Nm 1968, sau Mu Thn 1968 v thng li ca ta trong chin tranh ph hoi II, M phi thng lng vi ta t 13/5/1968 (T 25/1/1969, gia 4 bn gm M + Vit Nam Cng ha v Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha + Mt trn dn tc gii phng min Nam Vit Nam) - Sau nhiu cuc tip xc, lp trng hai bn qu xa nhau: Vit Nam i M v ng minh rt qun, tn trng cc quyn dn tc c bn v quyn t quyt ca nhn dn Vit Nam. Ngc li, M i min Bc rt qun v t chi k d tho Hip nh d tha thun (10/1972) - Thng 12/1972, M m cuc tp kch bng my bay chin lc B52 vo H Ni v Hi Phng trong 12 ngy m. Vit Nam p tan cuc tp kch bng khng qun ca M, lm nn trn in Bin Ph trn khng, buc M phi tr li k Hip nh Pari. - Ngy 27/1/1973, Hip nh Pari v chm dt chin tranh Vit Nam c k kt gia 4 B trng i din cc Chnh ph tham d hi ngh. 5 2. Ni dung c bn ca Hip nh Pari :
CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

 Hoa K v cc nc cam kt tn trng c lp, ch quyn thng nht v ton vn lnh th ca Vit Nam. Hai bn ngng bn min Nam lc 24 gi ngy 27/01/1973 v Hoa K cam kt chm dt mi hot ng chng ph min Bc Vit Nam. Hoa K rt ht qun i ca mnh v qun ng minh trong vng 60 ngy k t khi k hip nh, hu b cc cn c qun s M, cam kt khng tip tc can thip vo ni b ca min Nam Vit Nam. Nhn dn min Nam t quyt nh tng lai chnh tr thng qua tng tuyn c t do, khng c s can thip ca nc ngoi. Hai min Nam - Bc Vit Nam s thng lng v vic thng nht t nc, khng c s can thip ca nc ngoi. Hai bn ngng bn, trao tr cho nhau t binh v dn thng b bt. Cc bn cng nhn thc t min Nam Vit Nam c 2 chnh quyn, 2 qun i, 2 vng kim sot v 3 lc lng chnh tr (lc lng cch mng, lc lng ho bnh trung lp v lc lng chnh quyn Si Gn). Hoa K cam kt gp phn vo vic hn gn vt thng chin tranh Vit Nam v ng Dng, tin ti thit lp quan h mi, bnh ng v cng c li gia hai nc. 3. ngha lch s - L thng li ca s kt hp gia u tranh chnh tr, qun s, ngoi giao, l kt qu ca cuc u tranh kin cng, bt khut ca qun dn ta trn c 2 min t nc. - M ra bc ngot mi cho cch mng Vit Nam, to thi c thun li nhn dn ta tin ln gii phng hon ton min Nam.
Cau 3. iu kin lch s no b chnh tr ra k hoch gii phong

hon ton min Nam?

Hng dn tr li Ch trng, k hoch gii phng min Nam - Hi ngh ca BCH Trung ng m rng hp t ngy 18/12/1974 - 08/01/1975 ra ch trng gii phng hon ton min Nam trong vng 2 nm (1975 1976). - Hi ngh nhn mnh c nm 1975 l thi c, nu thi c n vo u hoc cui nm th lp tc gii phng hon ton min Nam trong nm 1975 . - Cn phi tranh th thi c nh nhanh, thng nhanh thit hi v ngi v ca cho nhn dn. - Cn phi tranh th thi c nh nhanh thng nhanh thit hi v ngi v ca cho nhn dn. - 7/1973, BCH TW ng hp hi ngh ln th 21: Tip tc cch mng DTDCND bng bo lc cch mng, nm vng chin lc tin cng trn c 3 mt trn:qs,ct,ng. - Cui 1974 u 1975,ta m t hot ng qun s, trng tm l ng bng sng 5 Cu long v ng Nam B, ginh thng li vang di Phc long (6-1-1975).
CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

- Chin thng Phc Long thy r s ln mnh ca ta v kh nng thng ln ca ta, s suy yu bt lc ca qun i Si Gn v kh nng can thip ca M l rt hn ch. Cau 4. Tm tt cuc Tng tin cng ni dy Xun 1975? Hng dn tr li a. Chin dch Ty Nguyn (4/3 n 24/3/1975) : - Ty Nguyn l a bn chin lc quan trng m ta v ch c nm gi. Nhng do nhn nh sai hng tin cng ca ta, ch cht gi y mt lc lng mng... B Chnh tr quyt nh chn Ty Nguyn lm hng tin cng ch yu trong nm 1975. - Ngy 10/3/1975, sau khi nh nghi binh Pleiku, Kontum, ta tin cng v gii phng bun M Thut. Ngy 12.03, ch phn cng chim li nhng khng thnh. - Ngy 14/3/1975, Nguyn Vn Thiu ra lnh rt qun khi Ty Nguyn v gi vng duyn hi min Trung. Trn ng rt chy, chng b qun ta truy kch tiu dit. - Ngy 24/03/1975, ta gii phng Ty Nguyn vi 60 vn dn. ngha : Chin dch Ty Nguyn thng li chuyn cuc khng chin chng M cu nc sang giai on mi: t tin cng chin lc Ty Nguyn pht trin thnh Tng tin cng chin lc trn ton chin trng min Nam. b. Chin dch Hu Nng (21/3 n 29/03/1975) : - Trong khi chin dch Ty Nguyn tip din, B chnh tr quyt nh gii phng hon ton min Nam, trc ht l chin dch gii phng Hu Nng. - Pht hin ch co cm Hu, ngy 21/03 qun ta nh thng vo cn c, chn ng rt chy v bao vy ch trong thnh ph. - 25/03, ta tn cng vo Hu v hm sau (26/03) gii phng Hu v ton tnh Tha Thin. - Trong cng thi gian, ta gii phng th x Tam K, Qung Ngi, Chu Lai, uy hip Nng t pha Nam. Nng ri vo th c lp, hn 10 vn qun ch b dn v y tr nn hn lon, mt ht kh nng chin u. - Sng 29/3 qun ta tin cng Nng, n 3 gi chiu ta chim ton b thnh ph. - Cng thi gian ny, cc tnh cn li ven bin min Trung, Nam Ty Nguyn, mt s tnh Nam B ln lt c gii phng. ngha : Chin thng Hu - Nng gy nn tm l tuyt vng trong ngy quyn a cuc tng tin cng v ni dy ca nhn dn ta tin ln mt bc mi vi sc mnh p o. c. Chin dch H Ch Minh lch s (26/4 n 30/4/1975) : - Sau hai chin dch, B chnh tr nhn nh: "Thi c chin lc mi n, ta c iu kin hon thnh sm quyt tm gii phng min Nam... trc thng 5/1975 " vi phng chm thn tc, to bo, bt ng, chc thng . Chin dch gii phng 5 Si Gn c mang tn Chin dch H Ch Minh.
CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

- Trc khi m chin dch H Ch Minh, qun ta nh Xun Lc, Phan Rang nhng cn c phng th trng yu ca ch bo v pha ng Si Gn, lm M ngu hong lon. - 18/4/1975 : Tng thng M ra lnh di tn ngi M . - 21/4, Nguyn Vn Thiu t chc tng thng. - 17 gi ngy 26/4, qun ta m u chin dch, 5 cnh qun tin vo trung tm Si Gn, nh chim cc c quan u no ca ch. - 10 gi 45 pht ngy 30/4, xe tng ca ta tin vo Dinh c Lp, bt sng tan b Chnh ph Trung ng Si Gn. Dng Vn Minh tuyn b u hng khng iu kin. - 11 gi 30 pht cng ngy, l c cch mng tung bay trn ta nh Ph tng thng, chin dch H Ch Minh ton thng. - Cc tnh cn li ca Nam B, nhn dn nht t ni dy v tin cng theo phng thc x gii phng x, huyn gii phng huyn, tnh gii phng tnh . - Ngy 2/5/1975, min Nam hon ton gii phng. ngha : Chin dch H Ch Minh lch s ton thng to iu kin v cng thun li cho nhn dn ta tin cng v ni dy gii phng hon ton cc tnh cn li Nam B. M rng : S ch o qun s ti tnh ca ng ta trong cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy Xun 1975 c th hin nhng im no ? Hy nu v phn tch. Bit chp ng thi c v ra ch trng chnh xc, kp thi (phn tch). Kt hp t chc tin cng v ni dy (phn tch). Ch o s phi hp gia chin trng chnh v ph (phn tch). Ngh thut tc chin ti gii v iu luyn ca Qun i Nhn dn Vit Nam c th hin qua vic : + Chn im tin cng : Bun Ma Thut (phn tch). + Ngh thut nghi binh, gi b mt, nh bt ng. + Ngh thut chi ct chin dch. + Linh hot trong chin u.
Cau 5. Trnh by nguyn nhn thng li v ngha lch s ca cuc

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khng chin chng M cu nc (1954 - 1975). Hng dn tr li ngha lch s : Kt thc 21 nm chin u chng M v 30 nm chin tranh gii phng dn tc, bo v T quc t sau Cch mng thng Tm 1945, chm dt ch thng tr ca ch ngha quc v ch phong kin nc ta, hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn, thng nht t nc. M ra mt k nguyn mi ca lch s dn tc: t nc c lp, thng nht, i ln CNXH. 5 Tc ng mnh n tnh hnh nc M v th gii, c v phong tro cch mng th gii, nht l phong tro gii phng dn tc.

CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

2. Nguyn nhn thng li : a. Nguyn nhn ch quan: Nguyn nhn chnh l do c s lnh o sng sut ca ng ng u l Ch tch H Ch Minh vi ng li chnh tr, qun s c lp, t ch, ng li cch mng ng n, sng to, phng php u tranh linh hot, kt hp u tranh qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao Nhn dn ta giu lng yu nc, on kt nht tr, lao ng cn c, chin u dng cm v s nghip cch mng. b. Nguyn nhn khch quan: Hu phng min Bc p ng kp thi cc yu cu ca cuc chin u hai min. S phi hp chin u v on kt gip ca ba dn tc ng Dng. S ng tnh ng h, gip ca cc lc lng cch mng, ha bnh, dn ch trn th gii, nht l ca Lin X, Trung Quc v cc nc x hi ch ngha khc. Nhn dn M v nhn dn th gii phn i cuc chin tranh xm lc Vit Nam ca M.
Cau 6. ngha ca vic thng nht t nc v mt nh nc?

Hng dn tr li Ngha: Hon thnh thng nht t nc v nh nc l yu cu tt yu khch quan ca s pht trin ca cch mng Vit Nam, to nhng iu kin thun li v chnh tr, kh nng bo v t quc, m rng quan h quc t, vic thng nht t nc th hin lng yu nc, tinh thn on kt, ch thng nht t quc ca nhn dn ta.
Cau 7. Hon cnh lch s, ng li i mi, ni dung c bn, thnh tu,

hn ch ca i hi VI Hng dn tr li 1. Hon cnh lch s mi - Thi k 1976 1986, ta t nhiu thnh tu ng k trong mi lnh vc, song cng gp mun vn kh khn, yu km do nhng sai lm khuyt im, t gia nhng nm 80 nc ta lm vo khng hong trm trng v kinh t x hi. - Tnh hnh th gii c s thay i, ch ngha x hi ang lm vo khng hong ton din, trm trng. Cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut tc ng mnh n cc quc gia dn tc. - a t nc vt qua khng hong, y mnh s nghip cch mng x hi ch ngha, i hi ng ta phi i mi. 2. ng li i mi ca ng - ng li i mi c ra t i hi ng VI (12 - 1986), c b sung v iu chnh pht trin trong cc i hi VII (6 - 1991) v VIII (6 - 1996), IX (4 - 2001). 5 - i mi ton din v ng b trong trng tm l i mi v kinh t.
CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

+ V i mi kinh t: Ch trng xa b c ch qun l kinh t tp trung, bao cp hnh thnh c ch th trng, xy dng nn kinh t quc dn vi c cu nhiu ngnh ngh, nhiu quy m v trnh cng ngh; pht trin kinh t hng ha nhiu thnh phn nh hng XHCN, m rng quan h kinh t i ngoi. + V i mi chnh tr: Xy dng nn dn ch x hi ch ngha, bo m quyn lc thuc v nhn dn, thc hin on kt dn tc, chnh sch i ngoi ha bnh, hu ngh, hp tc. 3. Thnh tu : - Lng thc thc phm: p ng c nhu cu trong nc c d tr v xut khu, sn xut lng thc 1988 t 19.5 triu tn, 1989 t 21,4 triu tn - Hng tiu dng: Di do a dng, c tin b v mu m, cht lng. Phn bao cp ca nh nc v vn, gi, vt t, tin lnggim ng k - Hng xut khu: kinh t i ngoi pht trin v quy m v hnh thc. T 1986 -1990, hng xut khu tng 3 ln. Nhp khu gim ng k. Ta kim ch c lm pht. Gim ch s tng gi t 20% (1986) 4,4% (1990) bc u hnh thnh nn kinh t hng ha nhiu thnh phn. Chng t ng li i mi ca ng l ng n v ph hp. 4. Nhng kh khn - yu km : kinh t cn mt cn i, lm pht vn mc cao, lao ng thiu vic lm, tnh trng tham nhng, nhn hi l, mt dn ch... cha c khc phc.
Cau 8. Cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy Xun Mu Thn 1968 min Nam

Vit Nam din ra trong hon cnh no ? Nu khi qut din bin, kt qu v ngha. Hng dn tr li a. Hon cnh lch s : Bc vo ma xun nm 1968, xut pht t nhn nh so snh lc lng thay i c li cho ta sau hai ma kh, ng thi li dung mu thun M trong nm bu c tng thng (1968), ta ch trng m mt cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy trn ton min Nam, trng tm l th. b. Mc tiu: Tiu dit b phn quan trng qun vin chinh M, lm sp ngy quyn, buc M phi tin hnh m phn, rt qun v quc c. Din bin : 3 t * t 1: T 30/1/1968 n 25/02/1968: Ta ng lot tn cng 37/44 tnh, 4/6 th, 64/242 qun. - Ti Si Gn: Ta tn cng cc v tr u no ca ch (Dinh c lp,To i s M, B tng tham mu Ngy, Tng nha cnh st Si Gn , sn bay Tn Sn Nht ,i pht thanh). - Kt qu: Ta loi khi vng chin 147.000 ch (43000 M), ph hy khi lng ln vt cht v cc phng tin chin tranh ca ch. * t 2 (thng 5, 6) v t 3 (thng 8, 9): Ta gp nhiu kh khn v tn 5 tht
CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)

* Nguyn nhn : Do ta ch quan trong nh gi tnh hnh, ra yu cu cha st vi thc t, khng kp thi kim im rt kinh nghim nh gi tnh hnh v c ch trng chuyn hng kp thi, chm thy nhng c gng mi ca ch v kh khn lc ca ta. d. ngha : - Lm lung lay ch xm lc ca M . - Buc M phi tuyn b phi M ho chin tranh (tc tha nhn tht bi chin tranh cc b) v chm dt chin tranh ph hoi min Bc, chp nhn n bn hi ngh Pari m phn v chm dt chin tranh Vit Nam.
Cau 9. Tm tt hon cnh, din bin, kt qu v ngha ca cuc tin

cng chin lc nm 1972 ca qun v dn ta min Nam. Hng dn tr li a. Hon cnh lch s : - Trong 2 nm 1970 - 1971, ta ginh nhiu thng li trn cc mt trn qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao. - Cch mng min Nam c nhng iu kin v thi c thun li cho mt cuc tin cng chin lc mi b. Din bin v kt qu : - Ngy 30/3/1972: Ta bt ng m cuc tin cng chin lc, nh vo Qung Tr, ly Qung Tr lm hng tn cng ch yu, ri pht trin rng khp min Nam, dit 20 vn qun Si Gn, gii phng vng t ai rng ln. - Sau , ch phn cng mnh, gy cho ta nhiu thit hi. M tin hnh tr li chin tranh ph hoi min Bc t ngy 6/4/1972. c. ngha. - M ra bc ngot ca cuc khng chin chng M, ging n mnh m vo qun ngu v quc sch bnh nh - Buc M phi tuyn b M ha tr li cuc chin tranh (tc tha nhn s tht bi ca chin lc Vit Nam ha chin tranh).

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CNG N TP HC K II MN LCH S 12 (CTC)