TERMINOLOGI SOIL PROPERTIES

PADAT AIR UDARA

Va Vw Vs

BONGKAHAN TANAH BIASANYA TERDIRI DARI BAGIAN BUTIRAN PADAT, AIR DAN UDARA
MATERIAL VOLUME MASSA BERAT

UDARA AIR BUTIR

Va Vw Vs

0 Mw Ms

0 Ww Ws

Unit
PANJANG (L) meter MASSA (M) ton(1 ton= 103 kg) DENSITY () t/m3 BERAT (W) kilonewtons (kN) TEGANGAN () kilopascals (kPa) 1 kPa= 1 kN/m2 Unit weight () kN/m3 Accuracy Density of water, w = 1 t/m3 Stress/Strength to 0.1 kPa

BERAT DAN BERAT VOLUME

W = Mg Berat Volume
W = V
=
M g V

= g

v = g z v = z

Specific Gravity
G ( Specific Gravity) adalah :
G= Density .. Material = Density .. Air w

Unit..Weight..Material G= = Unit..Weight..Air w

Gs Umumnya berkisar 2.65

Ms Ws Ws Vs = = = = s Gs w s Gs w

Ms

Voids ratio
Voids Ratio Porosity Jika digabungkan : Jadi
e = n = Vv Vs Vv V

Vs = V - Vv = (1 - n) V
Vv ( 1 n )V n = 1 n

Vv e = Vs

DERAJAD KEJENUHAN (Degree of Saturation)

Untuk perhitungan, disubstitusikan nilai e, S and Vs Vw = e S Vs Va = Vv - Vw = e Vs (1 - S) Dengan mengambil Vs = 1 m3, nilai parameter tanah yang lain dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ;

Vw Vw S = = Va + V w Vv
Volume Udara Air Butir e (1 - S) eS 1 Masa 0 e S w Gs w Berat 0 e S w Gs w

Unit Weights
Bulk unit weight w Gs Vs + w eSVs w (Gs + eS) W bulk = = =
V Vs + eVs 1+ e

Saturated unit weight (S = 1)

sat

( G s + e) 1 + e

Dry unit weight (S = 0) w Gs dry = 1 + e Submerged unit weight

' = sat w

Moisture Content
The moisture content, m, is defined as

m =

Weight of Water Weight of Solids

Ww Ws

In terms of e, S, Gs and w Ww = w Vw = w e S Vs Ws = s Vs = w Gs Vs hence

m = e S Gs

CONTOH 1
Berat dan Massa contoh tanah
Komponen Trimmings Mass (g) Total Butiran Air 55 45 10 Sample Mass, M (g) 290 237.3 52.7 Sample Weight, Mg (kN) 2845 10-6 2327.9 10-6 517 10-6

Distribution by volume (assume Gs = 2.65)

Total Volume Water Volume Solids Volume Air Volume V = r2 l
Vw = Vs = Ww

Ws w Gs

Va = V - Vs - Vw

Moisture content Voids ratio Degree of Saturation Bulk unit weight Dry unit weight Saturated unit weight

m =

Ww Ws

10 = 0.222 = 22.2 % 45

e =
S =

Vv V + Vw = a = 0.755 Vs Vs
Vw Vw = = 0.780 = 78.0 % Vv Va + V w

bulk = dry

W . kN / m3 = 181 V W = s = 14.8 kN / m3 V

sat

(W + 14.9 106 9.81) = = 19.04 kN / m3 V

Note that dry < bulk < sat

Example 2
Volume and weight distributions
Phase Volume (m ) Voids Solids 0.7 1.0
3

Dry Weight (kN) 0 2.65 9.81 = 26.0

26.0 kN 17 . m3

Saturated Weight (kN) 0.7 9.81 = 6.87 26.0

Dry unit weight,

dry =

= 153 . kN / m3

Saturated unit weight

sat

(26.0 + 687 . ) kN 3 = = 19 . 3 kN / m 17 . m3
m = 6.87 = 0.264 = 26.4% 26.0

Moisture content (if saturated)

SOAL Berat tanah asli + cawan = 5300 gram Volume tanah = 1,2 cm3 Setelah dikeringkan , berat tanah + cawan = 5010 gram Berat cawan = 3000 gram SG = 2,65 HITUNGLAH Berat volume tanah Kadar air, angka pori, porositas, derajad kejenuhan, dan kandungan udara

PENYELESAIAN Massa tanah = 5300 3000 = 2300 gram Kerapatan = M/V = 2300/1,2 = 1.917 gram/cm Berat isi = x g = 1.917 x 9,8 = 18.787 N/cm Massa tanah kering = 5010 - 3000 = 2010 gram Massa air = 2300 2010 = 290 gram Kadar air = 290/2010 = 0,144 ~ 14,4 % Angka pori = e = SG ( 1 + w ) w/ 1 = 2,65 ( 1 + 0,144 ) x 1000/1.917 1 = 0,58 Porositas ; n = e/(1+e) = 0,58/(1+0,58 ) = 0,367 Derajad kejenuhan ; Sr = w.SG/e = 0,144 x 2,65 / 0,58 = 0,658 Kandungan udara = A = n ( 1-Sr ) = 0,367(1-0,658) = 12,6 %

SOAL LATIHAN Berat tanah asli + cawan = 6400 gram Volume tanah = 1,75 cm3 Setelah dikeringkan , berat tanah + cawan = 6010 gram Berat cawan = 3050 gram SG = 2,60 HITUNGLAH Berat volume tanah Kadar air, angka pori, porositas, derajad kejenuhan, dan kandungan udara

PENYELESAIAN Massa tanah = 6400-3050 = 3350 gram Kerapatan = M/V = 3350/1,75 = 1.914 gram/cm Berat isi = x g = 1.914 x 9,8 = 18.757 N/cm Massa tanah kering = 6010 - 3050 = 2960 gram Massa air = 3350-2960= 390 gram Kadar air = 390/2960 = 0,13 ~ 13 % Angka pori = e = SG ( 1 + w ) w/ 1 = 2,60 ( 1 + 0,13 ) x 1000/1.914 1 = 0,535 Porositas ; n = e/(1+e) = 0,535/(1+0,535 ) = 0,349 Derajad kejenuhan ; Sr = w.SG/e = 0,13 x 2,60 / 0,535 = 0,631 Kandungan udara = A = n ( 1-Sr ) = 0,349(1-0,631) = 12,9 %