CHAPTER 21: REPRODUCTION CHAPTER 22: GROWTH Answer all questions. 1. Diagram 1.

1 shows the male reproductive system.

Diagram 1.1 (a) On Diagram 1.1, label structures A, B and C using the following words. testis scrotum seminal vesicle [3 marks] (b) Draw lines to match each structure with its function. Draw the lines as shown below. Structure A B C Function Produces sperms Release sperms and urine from the body To store sperms Protects the testes [2 marks] 2. Diagram 2.1 shows two ways of asexual reproduction.

X : . Diagram 2.1

Y :

a) Name the ways of asexual reproduction X and Y in the spaces provided in Diagram 2.1. [2 marks]

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b) State two differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual Reproduction 1. 2. 1. 2. [2 marks] c) Diagram 2.2 shows pictures of three organisms. Asexual reproduction

Diagram 2.2 On Diagram 2.2, state the ways of asexual reproduction for each organism using the following words. spore formation binary fission vegetative reproduction [3 marks] 3. Diagram 3.1 shows two ways of asexual reproduction.

Diagram 3.1 (i ) Name the ways of asexual reproduction P and Q in the boxes provided in Diagram 3.1. [2 marks]

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(ii) Name one other organism that reproduce by asexual reproduction as P. ... [1 mark] (iii) State one advantage of asexual reproduction. ... [1 mark] 4. Diagram 4.1 shows the menstrual cycle. Days

Diagram 4.1 (a) How long is the duration of the menstrual cycle? ... [1 mark] (b) If the menstrual cycle of Khadijah started on 23rd March, (i) on what date does her menstrual cycle end? . (ii) on what date does her second menstruation phase start? . [2 marks] (c) How do females take care of their personal hygiene during menstruation? ................. ................. [2 marks]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows the fertilisation process. Ovum membrane Nucleus (fused)

ovum

zygote

Diagram 5.1 (a) Using Diagram 5.1, explain the process of fertilisation. [3 marks] (b) Diagram 5.2 shows the development of a zygote into an embryo.

zygote

Cell division

Cell division

Cell division

embryo

Diagram 5.2 Using Diagram 5.2, explain the development of a zygote into an embryo. .... .... .... [3 marks] (c) Where does fertilisation occur? ... [1 mark]

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6. Diagram 6.1 shows the pictures of organisms P, Q, R, S and T.

Diagram 6.1

Based on your observation in Diagram 6.1, (a) state the ways of asexual reproduction of any four of organisms P, Q, R, S and T. P : Q : R : S : T : [4 marks]

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(b) Classify organisms P, Q, R, S and T into two groups based on the ways of asexual reproduction. Name the animals belonging to each group. P, Q, R, S, T

Group 1 Ways of asexual reproduction

Group 2

Name of organisms

[4 marks]

7. Diagram 7.1 shows the female reproductive system.

Diagram 7.1 (a) On Diagram 7.1, label structures A, B and C using the following words. ovary uterus Fallopian tube [3 marks]

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(b) Draw lines to match each structure with its function. Draw the lines as shown below. Structure A B C Function Produces ovum Channel ovum from ovary to uterus Receive sperms from penis Accommodate and protects the embryo [2 marks] 8. Diagram 8.1 shows movement of sperms towards an ovum.

R:

P: Q:

Diagram 8.1 (a) On Diagram 8.1, label P, Q and R using the following words. sperm cytoplasm ovum [3 marks]

testis

Female reproductive organ

(b) Complete the flow chart above to show the path taken by the sperm from testis to the female reproductive organ using the following structures. sperm duct urethra seminal vesicle [3 marks]

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9. Diagram 9.1 shows the sex cells of human.

Cell X : . Diagram 9.1 (a) Name cell X and cell Y in the box in Diagram 9.1.

Cell Y : .

[2 marks] (b) The part labeled Q contains the male genetic information. Name the part labeled Q in Diagram 9.1. ... [1 mark] (c) State two differences between cell X and Y in Table 9.2 Cell X 1. 2. 1. 2. Table 9.2 [2 marks] Cell Y

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10. (a) Diagram 10.1 shows pictures of several method of birth control.

Diagram 10.1 Based on the pictures, complete the table below by writing the different method of birth control and their user (male or female).

Method of Birth Control

User (male or female)

(i) contraceptive pills (ii) . (iii) . (iv) . (v) . . (vi)

female [5 marks]

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11. Diagram 11.1 shows the reproductive system of a flowering plant.

Diagram 11.1 (a) (i) Label one of the following structures in Diagram 11.1.

Anther

Stigma

Style [1 mark]

(ii) State one function of the structure of the structure in (a) (i) [1 mark] (b) (i) Based on the information below, identify the agent of pollination. Petals Brightly coloured Pollen grain Big, heavy. coarse Agent of pollination

Dull coloured

Small, light, smooth [1 mark]

(c) (i) Explain what happens in

X after pollination.

[1 mark] (ii) State what happens to the flower after the process in (c) (i). ... ...

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[2 marks] 12. Diagram 12.1 shows the process of pollination.

Diagram 12.1 (a) Based on Diagram 12.1 , explain the process of cross-pollination. [2 marks] (b) Diagram 12.2 shows flowers of two different plants. On Diagram 12.2, draw lines connecting each flower to their pollinating agents.

Diagram 12.2 [2 marks]

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(c) Diagram 12.3 shows the longitudinal section of a female reproductive organ of a plant.

Diagram 12.3 Explain the process of fertilisation in the ovule, starting from the settling of the pollen grains on the stigma. ... [3 marks] (d) Fruits and seeds will develop after fertilisation. State the parts that will develop into a fruit and a seed. .. [1 mark] 13. Diagram 13.1 shows a cross-section of a flower.

Diagram 13.1 (a) On Diagram 13.1, label structures X, Y and Z using the following words.

Stigma

Anther

Petal

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[3 marks] (b) Draw lines to match each structure with their function. Draw the lines as shown below. Traps the pollen grains on its sticky surface Produces pollen grains. Y Attracts insects and animals. Z Place where fertilisation takes place [2 marks] 14. Diagram 14.1 shows plants that undergoes vegetative reproduction.

P Diagram 14.1 Observe the plants in Diagram 14.1. Based on your observations, (a) state the method of vegetative reproduction of plants M, N, O and P. M : N : O : P : [4 marks]

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(b) Classify the plants M, N, O and P into two groups based on vegetative parts of the plants.

M, N, O and P

Vegetative parts of plants

Examples of the plant

[4 marks]

15. Diagram 15.1 shows a longitudinal-section of a flower.

Diagram 5.1 (a) State the function of the structure labeled P in Diagram 15.1. Structure P [1 mark] Function

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Diagram 15.2 (b) Mark Diagram 15.2 with letters: (i) (ii) X : the structure that contains male gametes. [1 mark] Y : the place where fertilisation occurs. [1 mark] (c) Mark using an arrow to show the movement of male gametes in the process of fertilisation in Diagram 15.2. [1 mark] (d) Based on your observation in Diagram 15.2, (i) identify the pollinating agent that is needed to transfer the pollen grain. [1 mark] (ii) give a reason to support your answer in (d) (i). [1 mark] (e) Give two reasons how cross-pollination is useful in the field of agriculture. 1. . 2. .. [2 marks]

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16. Diagram 16.1 shows the different types of pollination that occurs in flowering plants.

P Diagram 16.1 (a) (i)

Based on Diagram 16.1, state the type of pollination in P ?

P :.. [1 mark] (ii) Give one reason for your answer in (a) (i). ... ... [2 marks] (iii) Which type of pollination is beneficial to agriculture. .. [1 mark] (b) (i) Why do insects visit the flowers? . [1 mark] (ii) How do the insect help in the reproduction of plants? . .. [2 marks]

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(c) Table 16.2 shows the characteristics of fruits by two papaya trees M and N. Plant M Small Less Sweet Thick flesh Plant N Big Sweet Thin Flesh

Table 16.2 (i) Give two characteristics of a fruit obtained from cross-pollinating plant M and N. ... [2 marks] (ii) Name one example other than the papaya plant that uses the same type of pollination as mentioned in (b) (i) above. . [1 mark] 17. Diagram 17.1 shows a germinating seed.

Diagram 17.1 (a) Identify the structures J and K. J : . K : . [2 marks]

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(b) Based on structures J and K in Diagram 17.1, complete Table 17.2. Name of structure Function of structure

Table 17.2 [2 marks] 18. A group of students carried out an experiment to determine the conditions for seed germination. Diagram 18.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the germination. The result of the experiment after three days is shown in Table 18.2.

Diagram 18.1 Test tube P Q R S Germination of seed Does not germinate Does not germinate Does not germinate Germinates Table 18.2 (a) Based on Diagram 18.1, state your hypothesis of this experiment. [1 mark] (b) Why was oil used in test tube Q? ... [1 mark]

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(c) What inference can be made based on the result in Table 18.2? P : Q : R : Q : [4 marks] (d) What can you conclude from this experiment? [1 mark] 19. Diagram 19.1 shows the pattern of body weight gain based on gender.

Diagram 19.1 (a) Label in the Diagram 19.1, the curves that represent the growth of a male and female respectively. [2 marks]

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(b) At what age level is the body weight gain (i) the same for male and female? .. [1 mark] (ii) in male faster than female? . [1 mark] (iii) in female faster than male? [1 mark] (c) At what age do boys begin to develop their sexual characteristics? . [1 mark] (d) Adolescents require a lot of carbohydrates in their diet. Explain why. . [1 mark] (e) Besides body weight, state one variable that can be used to compare and contrast the growth rates of humans. [1 mark]

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