1.

(x x)
i 1

f (x x)
i 1

f x
i 1

i i

fi

x2 ,

i 1

2.

( ) , ( )
2 ( ) ( ) ,

2 ( ) ( )

2 ( ) ( ) , 2=2,

1 2
,
2

2=2 2

1 2
2

1 t 2
2
,
1 t 2

2t
2
,
1 t 2
2

2
2

2
2

2
2

2
2

:
x=

0
0
0
x=360 + x=360 +180 -,

x=

x=360 ,

x=

x=2+ x=2+-,

x =2,

x =+,

x=180 +,

3.

V E

E
V
3

2R

V R 2

E R

E (R )

R2
3
2
V
(R R 2 )
3

1
h
2

4.
(x1,y1) (x2,y2):

x 2 x1 )2 (y 2 y1) )2

(x1,y1) Ax+By+=0: d

A 2 B2

(,0), x ,

x2 y2
2
2
2 2 1, ,

Ax 1 By 1

5.

u u v u v dy
dy du
,
(u v) u v u v ,

.
2
v
v
dx
du dx

( x) x ,

(x ) x ,

( x) 2 x ,

6.

xdx ln x x c

dx
2 x 2

7. :

x
c

KEX
100

xdx ln 2 c

dx
1
x
c
2

(ln x )

1
x