Haldia Institute of Technology

Civil Engineering Department

Thursday, November22,2012

Introduction
Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes,

excavations or retaining walls are reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements - normally steel reinforcing bars. Soil nailing is used mainly to protect soil slope failure

Thursday,November22,2012

Literature Review
1960's and earlier in 1961
"New Austrian Tunneling Method" (NATM), in which grouted rock bolts and shotcrete were used for supporting tunnels permanent support of retaining walls in a cut in soft rock in France.

in the 1970's

The use of grouted "soil nails" and driven soil nails, which consist of solid steel bars and steel angle iron, continued to grow in the 1970's, in

France, Germany and north America

in 1972

The first wall built in France using current soil nail techniques was reported to have been built in Versailles Thursday, November22,2012

Guidelines and Manuals

In 1987
One of the first national guideline publications for soil nailing. ( In Japan) in France (Clouterre Program) $ 5 million study to develop design methodology for soil nail walls

In the 1991

In 1993 (FHA)

Federal Highway Administration published its "Manual for Design and Construction of Soil Nail Walls.

Thursday, November22,2012

Slope Failure
What is slope failure ?
-The slope can not support itself - Gravitational and seepage forces cause disturbing force - If disturbing moment > resisting moment Slope will failure

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Slope stabilization methods

Masonry

Natural

Soil Nailing Shotcrete

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Soil uses
Soil nailing is used to reinforce -tunnels wall support -soil cut slopes -retaining wall support -excavations, -disturbed terrain and -natural hillsides stabilize

Thursday, November22,2012

Principle of Soil nailing

Active Zone Slip Surface Passive Zone

- In slope stability calculations, the result needs to obviously ensure that the resisting forces are greater than the force tending to cause slope failure.

Factor of Safety ( FOS )

- FOS is defined as the ratio of total

resisting forces to total disturbing forces or total overturning moment.

There are three types of FOS

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Nails
Driven Nail

Grouted Nail
Launched nails

Jet-grouted nails
Corrosion-protected nails

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Components of soil nail

Nails Centralizer

Grout

Head

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Construction Sequence

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Advantages
Economic

Construction
redundancy Adaptability Flexibility

Limitations
Unsuitable soil

Groundwater
Vibration sensitive prolong downpours

Utilities

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Comparison with Ground Anchor Wall

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Soil nailing failure

Pullout failure
Result of insufficient embedded length into the resistant zone

Resistant zone

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Soil nailing failure

Nail tendon failure
Results from inadequate tensile strength of the nails to provide the resistant force to stabilize the slope

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Soil nailing failure

Face failure
Results if relatively small and nominal shotcrete thickness and reinforcement is adequate.

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Case Study (1)

Vertical Slope 18 m below the ground - 8200 nails

- About 670 tone - 16m to 18m bars long

They used:

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Case Study (3)

Location : Gurgaon-Jaipur Highway Total face area m. Total Nails Nails Max. height : 500 Sq. : 600 :6m

India (NH-8) 2009

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Conclusion
-Soil nail construction has been shown to be a simple technology and does not need complex machines. -This method can provide a lower construction, period, and can provide good stabilize for slope failure. - Soil nailing has some advantages and some limitation. So, proper investigation and design should be taken. - soil nailing should be avoided in some cases

Thursday, November22,2012

Thank you

Thursday, November22,2012