OSI MODEL

.7

. ( )

 OSI

ISO/OSI

OSI ISO
(International Standards Organization) 1984

O ISO
130

gfd
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OSI Reference Model

OSI :

data
,
7
7 (layers)

ISO/OSI 7

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OSI Layers

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 OSI


data

. ( )
)

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MBA

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Application

Application
Sender

Receiver
Presentation

Presentation

Session

Session

Transport

Transport

Network

Network

Data

Data

Physical
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bits  bits
. ( ))

. (

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Physical
6

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7
OSI Model

Layer 7
Application
Layer 6
Presentation
Layer 5
Session
Layer 4
Transport

..
email (smtp), ftp, web, printing, database





data,

Layer 3
Network

data
( )

Layer 2
Data

data
1 bit 1 bit

Layer 1
Physical

bits ..
volt bit 1 to bit 0

bit
.
(
)
)

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10

, ,

Telnet, FTP, SMTP

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, , MIME

EBCDIC ASCII
XML
(.. XML DOC).

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(
) , .

,
.

full duplex half-duplex

(. checkpoint), (. adjournment),
(. termination)
(. restart).

( TCP)

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,
.

TCP.
UDP, SCTP .

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14

,

.

(routers)

.

IP

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Ethernet,

:

HDLC ADCCP ( point-to-point).

802.11 ( )

(bridge)
(switch).

( ---).

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16

(.. ,
.)

(hubs),
(repeaters), (network
cards), (bus adaptors).

:

.

().

.

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PACKETS

3 :

HEADER DATA - FOOTER

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email 3.5 bits

1024 bits (1 Kbyte)

Header
96 bits

Senders IP address

Data
896 bits

Main Body of Data

Receiver IP address

Footer
32 bits

Data show End of Packet

Error Connection

Protocol
Packet Number
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