Lu : Nhng ni dung c gch di l nhng ni dung c vn v s c gp bng ni dung c mu xanh thay th.

Phng GD&T Tn Thnh Vt l khi 9 CHNG I: IN HC A. BIT: 1/ Xt cc dy dn c lm t cng mt loi vt liu, nu chiu di dy dn tng gp 3 ln v tit din gim i 2 ln th in tr ca dy dn : A. Tng gp 6 ln B. Tng gp 1,5 ln C. Gim i 6 ln D. Gim i 1,5 ln P N: (Cu A) 2/ Pht biu nh lut Ohm, vit h thc ca nh lut, tn v n v cc i lng c trong h thc ? 2/ Pht biu nh lut m. Vit h thc ca nh lut, nu tn v n v cc i lng c trong h thc. (khng phi cu hi) P N: -Pht biu: Cng dng in chy qua dy dn t l thun vi hiu in th t vo hai u dy v t l nghch vi in tr ca dy. -H thc: I= U/R vi + I: cng dng in(A) + U:hiu in th (V) + R: in tr() 3/ Ba bng n c in tr bng nhau, chu c hiu in th nh mc 6V. Phi mc ba bng theo kiu no vo hai im c hiu in th 18V chng sng bnh thng? A. Ba bng mc ni tip. B.Ba bng mc song song. C. Hai bng mc ni tip, c hai mc song song vi bng th ba. D. Hai bng mc song song, c hai mc ni tip vi bng th ba. P N: (Cu A) 4/ on mch gm hai in tr R1 v R2 mc song song c in tr tng ng l A. R 1 + R 2 B. R + R 1 2
R1 R2 R1 + R2 R1 .R2
1 1 + R1 R2

C.

D.

P N: (Cu B) 5/ Vit cng thc tng qut tnh cng v cng sut? Cng thc no cho thy mi lin h r rt nht gia cng v cng sut? P N: + Cng thc tnh cng sut: P = UI + Cng thc tnh cng: A= UIt +Lin h: A= P t 6/ Cng thc no sau y l cng thc ca nh lut Jun-Lenx? A. Q = 0,24 IRt B. Q = U2It. C. Q = IRt. D.Q = I2Rt . P N: (Cu D)

7/ in tr ca dy dn c trng cho iu g? : Nu cng thc tnh in tr ca mt dy dn khi bit hiu in th t vo hai u dy dn v cng dng in chy qua dy dn ? khng phi cu hi, tha du : p n: Biu th cho mc cn tr dng in nhiu day t ca dy dn. p n: R =
U I

in tr ca dy dn biu th mc cn tr dng in nhiu hay t ca dy dn. 8/ Vit cng thc tnh in tr tng ng ca on mch ni tip, on mch song song gm nhiu nht 3 in tr ? khng phi cu hi p n: on mch ni tip Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 on mch song song
1 1 1 1 = + + Rt R1 R2 R 3

9/ Nu tnh cht v cng dng in v hiu in th ca on mch ni tip v on mch song song gm hai in tr : 9/ Vit cc h thc v cng dng in v hiu in th ca on mch mc ni tip v on mch mc song song gm hai in tr. p n: on mch ni tip U = U 1 + U2 ; I = I1 = I2 on mch song song U = U1= U2 ; I = I1 + I2 10/ in tr ca dy dn ph thuc vo nhng i lng no? Vit cng thc tnh in tr ca dy dn, nu tn v n v ca tng i lng c trong cng thc ? khng phi cu hi p n: - in tr ca dy dn t l thun vi chiu di ca dy dn, t l nghch vi tit din S ca dy dn v ph thuc vo vt liu lm dy dn. - Cng thc: R =
l . Trong : l in tr sut ( .m); l l chiu di ca dy dn S

(m); S l tit din ca dy dn (m2 ). Thiu: R l in tr ca dy dn () 11/ S ot ghi trn dng c in cho bit iu g? Vit cng thc tnh cng sut in ? khng phi cu hi p n: - S ot ghi trn dng c in cho bit cng sut nh mc ca dng c , ngha l cng sut in ca dng c ny khi n hot ng bnh thng. - Cng sut in ca on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on mch v
U2 cng dng in qua n: P = U.I ; P = ; P = I2 R R

khng yu cu nu cch tnh cng sut in ca on mch 12/ V sao ni dng in c nng lng? Cng ca dng in l g? Cng thc tnh cng ? khng phi cu hi p n: - Dng in c nng lng v n c th thc hin cng v cung cp nhit lng. Nng lng ca dng in gi l in nng. - Cng ca dng in sn ra mt on mch l s o lng in nng chuyn ha thnh cc dng nng lng khc: A = P.t = U.I.t khng hi: Nng lng ca dng in gi l g?

13/ Hy pht biu nh lut Jun Lenx? Vit h thc ca nh lut Jun Lenx? Nu tn v n v ca tng i lng trong h thc ? Len-x , khng phi cu hi p n: - Nhit lng ta ra dy dn khi c dng in chy qua t l thun vi bnh phng cng dng in, vi in tr ca dy dn v thi gian dng in chy qua. - H thc: Q = I2 R t . Trong : Q l nhit lng ta ra dy dn, c n v l jun ( J ). I l cng dng in chy qua dy dn, c n v l ampe ( A ). R l in tr ca dy dn, c n v l m ( ). t l thi gian dng in chy qua dy, c n v l giy ( s ). - Nu o nhit lng Q bng n v calo th h thc l: Q = I2Rt. Nu o nhit lng Q bng n v calo th h thc l: Q = 0,24.I2Rt. 14/ in tr cng ln th dng in cng: 14/ in tr ca dy dn cng ln th cng dng in chy qua dy dn cng: A. ln B. nh C. khng i D. bin thin (Cu A) 15/ Cng thc no sau y l cng thc ca nh lut Jun-Lenx? Len-x A. Q = 0,24 IRt B. Q = U2It. C. Q = IRt. D.Q = I2Rt . (Cu D) 16/ th biu din s ph thuc ca cng dng in vo hiu in th t vo hai u dy dn ? 16/ th biu din s ph thuc ca cng dng in vo hiu in th t vo hai u dy dn c dng nh th no? TL: th biu din s ph thuc ca cng dng in vo hiu in th t vo hai u dy dn l mt ng thng i qua gc to . B. HIU: 1/ a/ Mun xc nh in tr ca on mch ta cn c hai dng c no? b/ Ring ampe k phi mc nh th no vi on mch? c/ Theo nh lut m, nu U tng bao nhiu ln th i lng in no cng tng by nhiu ln? Vit h thc ca nh lut m. P N: a/ Hai dng c l: Vn k v ampe k b/ Ring ampe k phi mc ni tip vi an mch. c/ i lng in l: Cng dng in cng tng by nhiu ln H thc ca nh lut m:
I=
U R

2/ S Ot ghi trn mi dng c cho ta bit g?Trn mt bng n c ghi 220V100W.Cc s ghi trn n cho ta bit g? P N: S Ot ghi trn mi dng c in cho bit cng sut nh mc ca dng c ,ngha l cng sut in ca dng c ny khi n hot ng bnh thng . +220V:HT nh mc ca bng n

+100W:Cng sut nh mc hay cng sut in ca bng n khi n hot ng bnh thng . 3/ Bin tr l g? Bin tr dng lm g? Trn mt bin tr con chy c ghi (151A).Nu ngha con s ghi . Nu ngha cc s ghi . P N: Bin tr l in tr c th thay i tr s Bin tr dng iu chnh cng dng in trong mch -15 l bin tr c th thay i tr s t 0-15 -1A l cng dng in ln nht cho php qua bin tr 4/ Pht biu nh lut Jun-Len X.Vit h thc ca nh lut. p dng :Mt bp in khi hot ng bnh thng c in tr R=100 v cng dng in chy qua bpl I=2,5A.Tnh nhit lng m bp in ta ra trong 2 pht . P N: Nhit lng ta dy dn khi c dng in chy qua t l thun vi bnh phng cng dng in ,vi in tr ca dy dn v thi gian dng in chy qua . Vit ng h thc ca nh lut :Q=I2.R.t Tm tt : I=2,5A Nhit lng m bp ta ra trong 1pht R=100 Q=I2.R.t=(2,5)2.100.120=90 000J t=2ph=120s Q=? ta ra h thc ca nh lut : Q=I2.R.t Nhit lng m bp in ta ra trong 2 pht 75000J 5/ Nu cc quy tc an ton khi s dng in bo v tnh mng con ngi P N: -Ch lm th nghim vi ngun in c HT nh hn 40V. -Phi s dng dy dn c v bc dy v kn . -Cn mc thit b attomat hoc cu ch ngt mch t ngkhi on mch. -Khi tip xc vi mng in gia nh cn m bo cch in gia ngi v nn nh. -Phi s dng dy dn c v bc cch in chu c dng in nh mc cho mi dng c in. -Khi tip xc vi mng in gia nh cn thn trng v ht 220V c th nguy him ti tnh mng con ngi, m bo cch in gia ngi v nn nh. 6/ V sao ngi ta ni dng in c mang nng lng? Cho v d minh chng ? khng phi cu hi P N: Dng in c mang nng lng v n c kh nng thc hin cng hoc truyn nhit. +VD: Nng lng in c th bin thnh c nng nh qut in; Nng lng in c th bin thnh nhit nng nh bn l in; v in nng c th chuyn ha thnh c nng, nhit nng khi qut in hot ng. in nng c th chuyn ha thnh nhit nng khi bn l in hot ng.

7/ Cho hai in tr R1 v R2 lm cng cht v cng tit din. R1 c l1 = 2,5 l2 ca R2.Lp t s biu th mi lin quan gia cc R v cc l? Ni in tr sut ca ng l 1,7.10-8 .m iu ny c ngha g? P N: (+ do in tr v chiu di t l thun nn: R1 / R2 = l1/ l2 = 2,5(ln) +Ngha l: mt on dy bng ng hnh tr(trn),c chiu di 1m, tit din 1m2 c in tr l 1,7.10-8 ). Do hai in tr lm cng vt liu, cng tit din nn 8/ Trn 1 bng n c ghi (220 V-0,060 KW), iu ny c ngha g? Tnh in tr ca dy tc bng n lc ny? P N: (+ 220 V: Hiu in th nh mc ca n l 220V. +0,060 KW: Cng sut nh mc ca n l 60W + Ta c: P = UI= U2 /R => R= U2 /P = 2202 /60 806,67 ) 9/ Em hy cho bit in nng chuyn ho thnh dng nng lng no khi n in,bp in, qut in, my sy tc cm tay lm vic? P N: (+n in: in nng bin thnh nhit nng(ri nhit cao nhit nng mi bin thnh quang nng-T pht sang di nhit cao). +Bp in: in nng bin thnh nhit nng +Qut in: in nng bin thnh c nng(l ch yu) +My sy tc: in nng bin thnh nhit nng lm nng tc, in nng bin thnh c nng(Lm quay motor trong my) ) in nng chuyn ha thnh nhit nng, quang nng khi n in hot ng. in nng chuyn ha thnh nhit nng khi bp in hot ng. in nng chuyn ha thnh c nng, nhit nng khi qut in hot ng. in nng chuyn ha thnh c nng, nhit nng khi my sy tc hot ng. 10/ Gii thch v sao khi ta dng m in un nc, sau mt thi gian nc s si? P N: (+ Khi dng m in un nc, m in c tc dng bin in nng thnh nhit nng : Q1=I2 Rt. +Lc , nc s hp thu lng nhit ny theo cng thc Q2=mct0 +Nu b qua hao ph nhit th: Q1= Q2) 11/ Nu cc bin php s dng tit kim in nng? Tit kim in nng mang li li ch g? P N: (+ Bin php: Dng thit b in, dng in c cng sut ph hp,ch s dng trong thi gian cn thit (Do A=P t) +Li ch: *Tit kim chi ph tin in. *Cc dng c v thit b in dng c lu hn. *Trnh b qu ti trong cc gi cao im. * Dnh in nng cho sn xut(HS c th nu thm cc khc)). 12/ xc nh in tr ca dy dn ta cn nhng dng c g? Mc chng vo on mch nh th no? p n:

cn Ampe k, Vn k. Ampe k mc ni tip vo n mch, vn k mc song song vo on mch. on 13/ Khi ni cm in, qut in hot ng. Nng lng c chuyn ha t dng no sang dng no? p n: + Khi ni cm in hot ng, in nng c chuyn ha t in nng sang nhit nng. + Khi qut in hot ng, in nng c chuyn ha t in nng sang c nng v nhit nng. 14/ Hai dy dn bng ng c cng tit in dy th nht c chiu di l1, c in tr l R1 v dy th hai c chiu di l2 = 6l1 c in tr R2. Vy in tr R2 ln hn hay nh hn in tr R1 v ln hn hay nh hn bao nhiu ln? tr p n: do R t l thun vi l nn in tr th 2 c in tr ln hn dy th nht v ln hn gp 6 ln ( do l2 = 6l1 ) Do hai dy dn bng ng, c cng tit in nn 15/ Hai dy nhm c cng chiu di, dy th ht c tit din S1, v c in tr R1, dy th hai c tit din S2 = 4S1 c in tr R2 . Vy din tr dy th nht bng bao nhiu ln in tr dy th hai. nht din in p n: do R t l nghch vi tit din S nn R2 =
R1 4

( do S2 = 4S1 )

Do hai dy nhm, c cng chiu di nn R1 = 4R2 16/ C 3 dy dn c cng chiu di, c cng tit din. Dy th nht lm bng ng c in tr R1, dy th hai lm bng nhm c in tr R2, dy th ba lm bng st c in tr R3. Hy so snh in tr ca 3 dy dn? p n: do st > nhm > ng nn: Rst > R nhm > R ng ( R3 > R2 > R1 ) 17/ Trong bng n dy tc, dng in lm dy tc nng ln n nhit cao ri pht sng. in nng chuyn ha t dng nng lng no sang dng nng lng no? p n: in nng chuyn ha thnh nhit nng v nng lng nh sng. 18/ Khi tip xc vi mng in gia nh (mng in dn dng) cn lu iu g? V sao? p n: Cn phi thc hin cc bin php m bo an ton khi s dng in v mng in trong nh c hiu in th 220V c th gy nguy him n tnh mng V d: khi thay bng n cn phi rt phch cm ra khi cm hay ct cu dao, ptomt. Khng yu cu nu v d

19/ Cho ba in tr R1 =2 , R2 = 6 , R3 =1 ni tip vi nhau vo on mch AB c hiu in th l 18V .Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch in v cng dng in qua cc in tr. p n Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 = 2=6+1 =9 I = I1 = I2 = I3 = U/ Rt = 18/ 9 =2 (A) 2+6+1=9 20/ Cho hai in tr R1 =2 , R2 =6 mc song song vi nhau vo on mch AB th cng dng in trong mch chnh l 2A.Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch in v hiu in th hai u mi in tr ? p n
1 2 => Rt = R + R = 2 + 6 = 1,5( ) 1 2 U1 = U2 = U = I. Rt =2.1,5= 3 (V)

1 1 1 = + Rt R1 R2

R .R

2.6

21/ Mt dy dn c chiu di 100m, tit din 2mm2 . Tnh in tr ca dy ng . bit in tr sut dy ng l 1,7. 10-8 .m 1,7.10-8.m p n Ta c cng thc
R= l S

= 1,7.10 -8 .100/ 2.10-6 = 0,85 ( )

22/ Mt cun dy ng c in tr l 10 c qun bng nikelin c tit din l 0,1 mm2 v c in tr sut l 0,4.10-6 .m . Tnh chiu di ca dy nikelin dng qun dy in tr ny 10 0,4.10-6.m cun dy p n Ta c cng thc
R= l S

<=>

l =

R.S

10.0,1.10- 6 / 0,4.10 -6 = 2,5 (m)

23/ Mt bng n c ghi 220V- 880w . cho bit ngha cc s ghi trn bng n v tnh in tr ca n? Cng dng in qua n khi hot ng bnh thng? 880W p n 220V l hiu in th nh mc ca n 880 W l cng sut nh mc ca n Ta c :P= U2 / R =>R = U2 / P = 2202 / 880 = 55( ) P= U.I=> I= P/U = 880/ 220 =0,4 (A) 4 (A) 24/ Tnh nhit lng ta ra ca dy in tr R= 10 trong thi gian 20 pht bit rng hiu in th t vo hai u dy in tr l 20V p n I= U/ R = 20/ 10 = 2 (A) Q = I2 . R. t = 2 2 . 10 . 20.30 = 48000 (J) Q = I2 . R. t = 2 2 . 10 . 20.60 = 48000 (J)

25/ Tnh nhit lng ta ra ca dy in tr R= 5 trong thi gian 20 pht bit rng hiu in th t vo hai u dy in tr l 25V p n I= U/ R = 25/ 5 = 5 (A) Q = I2 . R. t = 52 . 5 . 20.30 = 150000 (J) Q = I2 . R. t = 52 . 5 . 20.60 = 150000 (J) 26/ Sng gn cc ng dy cao th gy ra tc hi g ? Nu bin php khc phc? c nhng tc hi khng phi cu hi TL: Tc hi: Sng gn cc ng dy cao th rt nguy him, lm cho con ngi b suy gim tr nh, b nhim in do hng ng. S c in xy ra c th : chp in, r in, n trm bin p,... li nhng hu qu nghim trng. Bin php : Di di cc h dn sng gn cc ng in cao p v tun th cc quy tc an ton khi s dng in. 27/ Khi s dng hiu in th nh hn hoc ln hn hiu in th nh mc th c nh hng g n cc dng c in ? Nu bin php khc phc. TL: + Khi s dng hiu in th nh hn hiu in th nh mc c th lm gim tui th ca mt s dng c. + Khi s dng hiu in th ln hn hiu in th nh mc dng c s t cng sut ln hn cng sut nh mc. Vic s dng nh vy s lm gim tui th ca dng c hoc gy chy n rt nguy him. Bin php : + Khi s dng cc dng c in trong gia nh cn s dng ng cng sut nh mc. + Cn s dng my n p bo v cc thit b. dng c in 28/ Cng mt cng sut P c ti i trn cng mt dy dn. Hy so snh cng sut hao ph khi dng hiu in th 500000 V vi khi dng hiu in th 100000 V? TL: 500000V so vi 100000V gp 5 ln, vy cng sut hao ph gim 52 = 25 ln. C. VN DNG: 1/ Trn 1 on mch c mc 1 in tr R, 1 Vn k, 1 Am-pe k.Vn k ch 40V, Am-pe k ch 0,75 A.Nu Vn k ch gi tr gim i 10V, lc ny Am-pe k ch bao nhiu? So snh in tr trong hai trng hp? ampe P N: (Do U I nn: U1 / I1 = U2 / I2 => U1 . I2 = U2 . I1 => I2 = U2 . I1/ U1 =30.0,75/40=0,5625 A. + R= U1 / I1 = U2 / I2 =40/0,75 cha tr li ni dung: So snh in tr trong hai trng hp 2/ Cho mch in c s (hnh 1) trong dy ni, ampek c in tr khng ng k, in tr ca vn k rt ln. Hai u mch c ni vi V R hiu in th U = 9V. x
A

R
U

Hnh 1

a) iu chnh bin tr bin tr ch 4V th khi am-pe k ch 5A. Tnh in tr R1 ca bin tr khi ? b) Phi iu chnh bin tr c in tr R2 bng bao nhiu vn k c s ch 2V? vn k ch 4V ampe P N: (V vn k c in tr rt ln, mch c dng R nt Rx. a) in tr ca bin tr khi :
U - UV = 1 . I U in tr R = V = 0,8 I

R1 =

Rx
U

b) vn k ch 2V. Cng dng in trong mch l: I' =

U V2 = 2,5A. R

R Hnh 1

Gi tr ca bin tr lc l: R2 = cha thay s

U - U V2 = 2,8) I'

3/ Mt dy dn ng cht tit din u c in tr R , mc vo ngun in c hiu in th U th cng dng in qua dy l I = 2mA . Ct dy dn thnh 10 on di bng nhau, chp thnh mt b, ri mc vo ngun in trn. Tnh cng dng in qua b dy. P N: (Gi R/, S/, l/ ln lt l in tr, tit din, chiu di ca b dy. Ta c:
l / l R = = 10 = 1 l = 1 R S/ 10s 100 s 100 U I / R/ R R = = / = = 100 U R I R R 100 / I = 100 I = 100.2 = 200mA = 0, 2 A
/

Vy cng dng in qua b dy l 0,2A) 4/ C 2 n 220V 40W v 220 V 100W. a/ Tnh in tr ca mi n. b/ Tnh in nng tiu th ca 2 n trong mt thng ( 30 ngy). Bit mi ngy trung bnh dng 2 n trn trong 6 gi. P N: a/ * in tr qua n 1 l:
1 = U12 U 2 (220) 2 R1 = 1 = = 1210 R1 P 40 1

* in tr qua n 2 l: ADCT:

2 =

2 U2 U 2 (220) 2 R2 = 2 = = 484 R2 P2 100

b/ in nng tiu th ca n 1 trong 1 thng l: A1 = P1.t = 40.6.30 = 7200 ( Wh) = 7,2 Kwh in nng tiu th ca n 2 trong 1 thng l: A2 = P2.t = 100.6.30 = 18000 ( Wh) = 18 Kwh in nng tiu th ca 2 n l: A = A1 + A2 = 7,2 + 18 = 25,2 ( Kwh) in tr ca n 1, in tr ca n 2, tha ADCT kWh 5/ Trn mt bng n dy tc c ghi 220V- 60W,c mc vo mng in 110V. Tnh cng sut ca bng n khi v nhit lng to ra trong 30s. Cho in tr bng n khng ph thuc vo nhit . P N: ( -in tr ca bng khi HT 220V v 110V l khng i. Do : R= U2 /P = U2/ P => P = U2 .P / U2 => P = 1102 .60/2202 = 15 (W) -Nhit lng to ra trong 30s: Q = P .t= 15. 30=450 (J) p 6/ Mt bng n c ghi:6V-3W a)Cho bit ngha ca cc con s ghi trn n ? b)Tm cng dng in nh mc chy qua n v in tr ca n ? c)Tnh in nng m bng n tiu th trong 4 gi ra KWh? P N: a)-6V l HT nh mc ca bng n -3W l cng sut nh mc ca bng n hay cng sut tiu th ca bng n khi s dng ng HT 6V. b)CD nh mc ca bng n :Im=Pm/Um=3/6=0,5A in tr ca n khi n sng bnh thng :R=U2m/P=62/3=12 c) in nng m bng n tiu th trong 4 gi: A=P.t=3.4=12 Wh=0,012 KWh kWh 7/ Cho mch in c s nh hnh v ,trong R1=9 ,R2=15 ,R3=10, UAB=15V khng i . a)Tnh in tr tng ng ca on mch AB. b)Tnh cng dng in chy qua mi in tr . c)Thay in tr R1bng in tr Rx th cng dng in chy qua on mch khi gim i mt na .Tnh gi tr in tr Rx? A
R2 R1

+
P N: a)in tr tng ng ca R2 v R3:
R3

R23= R + R = 15 + 10 =6 2 3 Do R23 ni tip vi R1 ta c : Rt=R23+R1=6+9=15 b)CD chy qua on mch :I=UAB/Rt=15/15=1A Do R23 ni tip vi R1 nn :I=I23=I1=1A U23=I23.R23=1.6=6V Do R2//R3 nnU23=U2=U3=6V CD chy qua in tr R2,R3l : I2=U2/R2=6/15=0,4A I3=U3/R3=6/10=0,6A c)CD chy qua on mch khi thay in tr R1bng in tr Rx: I/=I/2=1/2=0,5A in tr tng ng ca on mch khi thay in tr R1bng in tr Rx: R/t=UAB/I/=15/0,5=30 M :R/t=R23+Rx Rx=R/t-R23=30-6=24 8/ Gia hai im A, B ca mch in c hiu in th khng i U AB = 6V c mc ni tip hai in tr R1 = 4 v R2 = 6 a/ Tnh in tr tng ng ca on mch. b/ Tnh cng dng in qua mi in tr v hiu in th gia hai u mi in tr. c/ Mc thm mt in tr R3 ni tip vi R1 v R2 th cng dng in qua on mch o c 0,2A. Tnh R3 P N: a/ RAB = R1 + R2 = 10
I=
UAB RAB

R2 .R3

15.10

6 10

= 0,6 (A)

b/ Do R1 mc ni tip vi R2 ta c I = I1 = I2 = 0,6A U1 = I.R1 = 2,4V U2 = I.R2 = 3,6V c/ RAB = UAB/I/=6/0,2=30 M: RAB = R1 + R2 + R3 (do 3 in tr mc ni tip) => R3 = RAB RAB = 30 10 = 20 Cha thay s 9/ Ba in tr R1 = 10 ; R2 = R3 = 20 c mc song song vi nhau vo hiu in th 12V. Tnh: a/ in tr tng ng ca on mch. b/ Cng dng in chy qua mch chnh v qua tng mch r. c/ Chng minh rng i vi on mch gm 2 in tr mc song song, cng dng in chy qua mi in tr t l nghch vi in tr : Nn dng t tnh trc cu a v b (khng tnh cu c)

Cui cu khng dng :

P N: a/ 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 = 1/10 + 1/20 + 1/20 = 4/20 Rt =
20 == 4

b/ I =

U R

12 5

= 2,4A

Do R1, R2, R3 mc song song ta c U = U1 = U2 = U3 = 12V I1 = I2 = I 3

U R1 = U = R 2

1,2A = 0,6A

c/ Do R2 song song R1 ta c: U1 = U2 (1) M U1 = I1.R1; U2 = I2.R2 thay vo (1)

Ta c: I1.R1 = I2.R2
I1 I2

= R (pcm) 2

R1

Cha thay s
I1 I2

=R 1

R2

10/ Cho R1= 20 , R2= 30 , R3= 40 mc ni tip vo on mch AB, cng dng in qua mch l 0,2A. Tnh: a) in tr tng ng ca on mch. b) Hiu in th gia hai u on mch AB. c) Hiu in th gia hai u mi in tr. Tr li a) in tr tng ng ca on mch: R = R1 + R2 + R3 =20 + 30 + 40 = 90( ) b) Hiu in th gia hai u on mch AB: I = U/ R => U = I.R = 0,2.90 = 18(V) I = I1 = I2 = I3 = 0.2A c) Hiu in th gia hai u mi in tr: U1 = I.R1 = 0,2 . 20 = 4( V) U2 = I.R2 = 0,2 . 30 = 6( V) U3 = I.R3 = 0,2 . 40 = 8( V) 11/ Cho R1= 120 , R2=60 , R3=40 mc song song vo on mch AB, cng dng in qua mch chnh l 0,3A. Tnh: a) in tr tng ng ca on mch . b) Hiu in th gia hai u on mch AB. c) Cng dng in qua mi in tr. Tr li a) in tr tng ng ca on mch: 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 =1/120 + 1/60 +1/ 40 = 1/20 => R = 20( ) b) Hiu in th gia hai u on mch AB: I = U/ R => U = I.R = 0,3.20 = 6 (V) U = U1 = U2 = U3 = 6V c) Cng dng in qua mi in tr. I1 = U/R1 = 6 / 120 = 0,05( A) I2 = U/R2 = 6 / 60 = 0,1(A) I3 = U/R3 = 6 / 40 = 0, 15( A)

12/ Cho mch in nh hnh v.

R1 A + R3 R2 B _

Bit R1 = 14 ; R2 = 16 ;R3 = 20 t vo hai u AB hiu in th U th cng dng in trong mch chnh l 0,7A. . a) Tnh in tr tng ng ca mch . b) Tnh hiu in th hai u mi in tr. V k hiu ngun in mch in cha chnh xc Tr li R12 = R1 +R2 = 14 +16 = 30 ( ) Rt = R12 . R3 / (R12 + R3) = 30.20 / ( 30+ 20) = 12 I = U / R => U = I . Rt = 0,7 . 12 = 8,4 (V) U = U3 =U12 = 8,4 V I1 =I2 = I12 = 8,4 / 30 = 0,28 (A) U1 = I1 .R1 = 0,28. 14 = 3,92 (V) U2 = I2 .R2 = 0,28. 16 = 4,48 (V) Thiu cng thc 13/ Cho mch in nh hnh v:

R1

R3

.+B

R1 = 15 R2\ R2 = 30 R3 = 20 a/ Tnh in tr tng ng ca on mch. b/ Tnh cng dng in qua R1 v R3 , bit cng dng in qua R2 l 0,5 A. c/ Tnh hiu in th gia hai u on mch v cng ca dng in sinh ra trong 1 gi 20 pht ra Jv kWh. Tr li a/
1 1 1 R .R 15.30 = + R12 = 1 2 = =10() R12 R1 R2 R1 + R2 15 + 30

in tr tng ng ca on mch AB Rt = R12 + R3 = 10 + 20 = 30 ( ) b/ Cng dng in qua R1 v R3 U1 = U2 = I2 . R2 = 30.0,5 = 15 (V) I1 = U1 / R1 = 15/ 15 = 1( A) I3 = I1 + I2 = 1 + 0,5 = 1,5 (A) c/ Hiu in th gia hai u on mch AB U = I. Rt = 1,5 .30 = 45 ( V) Cng ca dng in sinh ra trong 1 gi 20 pht

A = U.I.t = 45.1,5. 4800=324000(J) = 0,09 (kWh) 14/ Mt ni cm in c ghi trn v l 220V- 1000W c s dng vi hiu in th 220V, trung bnh mi ngy trong thi gian 2 gi . a)Tnh in tr dy nung ca ni cm in v cng dng in chy qua khi . b)Tnh in nng m ni tiu th trong 30 ngy theo n v J v KW.h v tin in phi tr trong 1 thng bit gi in 1kWh l 1200. v Tr li a) in tr dy nung ca ni cm in P = U2 / R => R =U2 / P = 2202 / 1000 = 48,8 ( ) Cng dng in chy qua ni cm. I = U /R = 220 / 48,4 = 4,55 (A) b) in nng m ni tiu th trong 30 ngy l: A = p t = 1000 .2 . 30 = 60000 (Wh) = 60 (kW.h) =216000000(J) Tin in phi tr trong 1 thng l: + T = 1200 . A = 1200.60 = 72000 (ng ) U 48,4 A kWh 15/ Cho mch in nh hnh v: Mt bin tr con chy. Bng n ghi: 6V 6W. R U = 20V x Cho RX= 34 . Tm s ch ca Ampe k ? n c sng bnh thng khng ? By gi thay i con chy, in tr Rx ca bin tr c tr s nh th no n sng bnh thng ? RX (mch in ghi R) iu chnh Gii

a)
I =

Rd =

U 2 dm 62 = = 6 Pdm 6

Rtd = Rb + R =34+6= 40
U 20 = = 0, 5 A Rtd 40

I = I = Ib = 0,5A U = I . R = 0,5.6 = 3V<Um n sng m b) Mun n sng bnh thng : U = Um = 6V

I = I d = Ib = Ud 6 = =1A Rd 6

Rtd =

U 20 = = 20 I 1

R2

R1( ) Rb = Rt R = 20 6 =14 Thiu n v 16/ Cho mch in nh hnh v:

R3

Trong c cc in tr R1 = 9 ; R2 = 15 ; R3 = 10 ; dng in i qua R3 c cng l I3 = 0,3A. Tnh cc cng dng in I1 v I2 tng ng khi i qua R1 v R2 ? Tnh hiu in th U gia hai u on mch AB ? R1 l dy dn c = 0,4.10 6 .m v S = 0,25mm2 tm chiu di l? Gii a)
I = U =>U 3 = I 3 .R3 = 0, 3.10 = 3V R

b) U3 = U2 = 3V
U 3 I2 = 2 = =0, 2 A R2 15

I1 = I2 + I3 = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5A c) U1 = I1.R1 = 0,5.9 = 4,5V U = U1 + U3 = 4,5 + 3 = 7,5V

R1 =

.l
S

= >l =

R1.S

9.0, 5.10 6 11, 25m 0, 4.106

I3= R 3

U3

9.0,25 0,4

=5,625m
R2

17/ Cho mch in nh hnh v.

R3 Ta c (6V 3W); R2 = 15 ; R3 = 20 . Hiu in th gia hai u on mch l U = 7,5V. Tnh: in tr tng ng ca on mch, n sng bnh thng khng ? o o 10 pht ? Tnh in nng tiu th ca n trong + Gii U a) n (6V 3W) mc R nt (R2 // R3)

=>

Rd =

U 2 dm 62 = = 12 Pdm 3

Rtd = Rd +

R2 .R3 = 12 + 6 = 18 R2 + R3

b)

I=

U 7, 5 = = 0, 417 A Rtd 18

c) U = I . R = 0,417.12 = 5V < Um nn n sng m

d) A = U . I .t = 5.0,417.600 = 1251J Cha thay s R2, R3 kt qu tnh R23, Rt, I, U , A sai ( cho R3 = 20)
) mc ni tip vi on mch gm hai in tr mc song 18/ Cho ba in tr R1 = 6( ) , R3 = 3( ) v ba in tr ny c mc song song vi ngun in c song l R2 = 3( hiu in th 6V a. V s mch in. b. Tnh in tr tng ng ca on mch. c. Tnh cng dng in chy qua mi in tr. bi khng r (R1 mc ni tip vi on mch gm hai in tr mc song song l R 2, R3 ) ri li cho (ba in tr ny c mc song song vi ngun in) Tm tt (0,25) R1 = 6 R2 = 3 R3 = 3 U = 6V
R2 R3 R1

Gii a/ S R (0,5) b/ =?

a/ V s c/ I1; I2; I3 = ?

Khng cho im V SM thiu ngun in, mch h. V SM sai yu cu (khng bit v theo yu cu no cho ng?) Nu cho rng mch in sai so vi yu cu ca th ton b phn tnh cng sai. b/ in tr tng ng ca on mch

R=

R1 .R23 R1 +R23

Vi R23 = R2 + R3 = 3 + 3 = 6

R=

R1 .R23 6.6 36 = = =3 R1 +R23 6 +6 12

c/ Cng dng in

U U 6 I1 = 1 = = = 1A R1 R1 6 U U 6 I 23 = 23 = = = 1A R23 R23 6 Vi I23 = I2 = I3 = 1A

Vi I23 = I2 = I3 = 1A

19/ Mt dy dn ng cht tit din u c in tr R , mc vo ngun in c hiu in th U th cng dng in qua dy l I = 2mA . Ct dy dn thnh 10 on di bng nhau, chp thnh mt b, ri mc vo ngun in trn. Tnh cng dng in qua b dy. Trng vi cu 3

Gi R/, S/, l/ ln lt l in tr, tit din, chiu di ca b dy. Ta c:

l / l R = = 10 = 1 l = 1 R S/ 10 s 100 s 100 U I / R/ R R = = / = = 100 U R I R R 100 / I = 100 I = 100.2 = 200mA = 0, 2 A
/

Vy cng dng in qua b dy l 0,2A 20/ Hai in tr R1 v R2 mc song song vo mch in c s nh hnh v, trong : R1 = 10 , ampe k A1 ch 1,2 A, ampe k A ch 1,8 A a) Tnh hiu in th UAB ca on mch b) Tnh in tr R2 c) Tnh in tr tng R12 ca on mch tng ng
Gii a. p dng nh lut m Ta c U1= I1.R1= 1,2. 10 = 12 (V) V R1 // R2=> UAB = U1 = U2 = 12V. b. V R1 // R2=> I2 = IAB-I1 I2 = 1,8 - 1,2 = 0,6 (A) p dng nh lut m Ta c:
U 2 12 = = 20 () I2 0,6 R 1 R 2 10 20 200 20 = = = () c. R 12 = R 1 + R 2 10 + 20 30 3 R2 =

21/ Cho mch in c s nh hnh v. Hiu in th nh mc U1 = 6V, U2= 3V khi sng bnh thng c in tr tng ng R1 = 5 v R2 = 3 , mc hai n ny vi mt bin tr vo hiu in th U = 9V hai n sng bnh thng. a) Tnh in tr ca bin tr khi . b) Bin tr ny c in tr ln nht l 25 , c qun bng dy nicrom c in tr sut l 1,10.106 .m, c tit din 0,2mm2. Tnh chiu di ca dy ca dy nicrom ny.
Gii a)- Cng dng in qua n 1 l : I1 = U1/R1 = 1,2 (A) -Cng dng in qua bin tr l : Ib = I1 - I2 = 0,2 (A) -in tr ca bin tr l : Rb = U2/Ib = 25 () b) Chiu di ca dy nicrom dng qun bin tr l :
R = l RS 25 0,2 10 6 l = = = 4,545 (m) S 1,10.10 -6

Cha thay s sai kt qu ca Rb Cha tnh I2

CHNG II: IN T HC A. BIT: 1/ Nam chm c c im g? Nu s tng tc gia hai nam chm. P N: - Nam chm no cng c 2 t cc Khi t do, cc lun ch hng Bc gi l cc Bc(N) Cc lun ch hng Nam gi l cc Nam(S) S tng tc gia hai nam chm: Khi hai nam chm t gn nhau, cc t cc cng tn y nhau, cc t cc khc tn ht nhau 2/ Nu cu to ca my pht in xoay chiu ?My pht in xoay chiu hot ng da trn hin tng no ?Hy gii thch hot ng ca MP xoay chiu ? Nu hot ng P N: Cu to ca my pht in xoay chiu :c 2 b phn chnh l nam chm v cun dy dn Mt trong 2 b phn ng yn gi l Stato ,b phn cn li quay gi l Rto My pht in xoay chiu hot ng da trn hin tng cm ng in t --Hot ng ca MP xoay chiu : Khi Rto quay ,s ng sc t xuyn qua cun dy dn qun trn Sato bin thin .Gia 2 u cun dy xut hin 1 HT.Nu ni 2 u ca cun dy vi mch in ngoi kn ,th trong mch c dng in xoay chiu . Stato Khi nam chm (hoc cun dy) quay thi s ng sc t xuyn qua tit din S ca cun dy lun phin tng, gim. 3/ Nu cu to ,nguyn tc hot ng v tc dng ca MBT . P N: Cu to:+Hai cun dy s cp v th cp c s vng khc nhau, t cch in vi nhau . +Mt li st (hay thp )c pha silic chung cho c 2 cun dy . --Nguyn tc hot ng:Khi t vo hai u cun s cp ca MBT mt HT xoay chiu U1 th hai u cun th cp xut hin mt HT xoay chiu U2. --Tc dng ca MBT :Lm bin i HT xoay chiu --MBT khng s dng dng in mt chiu m s dng ngun in xoay chiu v: Khng hi ny. 4/ Nu ng dng ca nam chm in trong loa in , r-le in t? (+Loa in: l ng dy ch L t trong t trng ca 1 nam chm vnh cu ch E.Khi c dng in i vo ng dy,n tr thnh nam chm in. +R-le in t:B phn ch yu l 1 nam chm in v 1 thanh st non. Khi c dng in chy qua,th n tr thnh nam chm (in),ht thanh st non,lm mch kn (hoc h).) thanh st Khng c : hoc h 5/ Nu nguyn tc cu to v hot ng ca ng c in 1 chiu? cu to (+Nguyn tc cu to: gm hai b phn chnh l nam chm v khung dy dn.Phn fnaof ng yn gi l Stato, phn no quay c gi l Roto. +Hoat ng: Khi t khung dy ABCD trong t trng v cho dng in chy qua khung th di tc dng ca lc in t, khung dy s quay.)

b phn ng yn gi l stato, b phn quay gi l rto 6/ Cc ng sc t c chiu nh th no? + Cc ng sc t c chiu nht nh, bn ngoi thanh nam chm chng l nhng ng cong i ra t cc Bc, i vo cc nam ca Nam chm. + Ch : ngi ta quy c chiu ca ng sc t ( ca nam chm hoc ng dy) l chiu i t cc Nam n cc Bc xun dc theo kim nam chm c t cn bng trn ng sc t . Khng c: ca nam chm hoc ng dy Xuyn 7/ Nu kt lun v t ph ca ng dy c dng in chy qua? Chiu ng sc t ca ng dy ph thuc vo yu t no? + Phn t ph bn ngoi ca ng dy c dng in chy qua rt ging phn t ph bn ngoi ca thanh nam chm. (trong lng ng dy cc ng sc t gn nh song song nhau). Cha tr li th 2 8/ Nam chm in c cu to nh th no? C th lm tng lc t ca nam chm in tc dng ln vt bng cch no? p n: Nam chm in c cu to gm ng dy dn trong c li st non. Li st non c tc dng lm tng tc dng t ca ng dy c dng in chy qua. dn li khng hi: li st non c tc dng g? Cha tr li: cch lm tng lc t 9/ Khi no dng in cm ng trong cun dy dn kn i chiu?Th no l dng in xoay chiu? Nu cc cch to ra dng in xoay chiu? p n: + Dng in cm ng trong cun dy dn kn i chiu khi s ng sc t xuyn qua tit din S ca cun dy ang tng m chuyn sang gim hoc ngc li ang gim m chuyn sang tng. + Dng in xoay chiu l dng in lin tc lun phin i chiu. + C 2 cch to ra dng in cm ng: cho cun dy dn kn quay trong t trng ca nam chm hoc cho nam chm quay trc cun dy dn kn. 10/ Nu nguyn nhn gy ra s hao ph in nng khi truyn ti bng ng dy dn? Nu cc cch lm gim hao ph in nng? Nu cng thc cng sut hao ph do ta nhit ? p n: + Khi truyn ti in nng i xa bng ng dy dn s c mt phn in nng b hao ph do hin tng ta nhit trn ng dy. + C hai cch lm gim hao ph : Gim in tr v tng hiu in th nhng tt nht l tng hiu in th t vo hai u ng dy bng cch ch to my bin th. + Cng sut hao ph do ta nhit trn ng dy ti in t l nghch vi bnh phng hiu in th t vo hai u ng dy. Cng thc tnh : P
hp =

R.P 2 U2

11/ My bin th l g? Nu cu to v hot ng ca my bin th? Nu tc dng lm bin i hiu in th ca my bin th? Ti sao khng dng dng in mt chiu khng i chy my bin th ? - My bin th l mt thit b dng tng hoc gim hiu in th ca dng in xoay chiu. - B phn chnh ca my bin th gm: + Hai cun c s vng khc nhau, t cch in vi nhau. Cun dy ni vi mng in gi l cun s cp, cun dy ly hiu in th ra s dng gi l cun th cp. + Mt li st c pha silic chung cho c hai cun dy. - Nguyn tc hot ng: t mt hiu in th xoay chiu vo hai u cun s cp ca my bin th th hai u ca cun th cp xut hin hiu in th xoay chiu. - Tc dng lm bin i hiu in th ca my bin th: + T s gia hiu in th hai u cc cun dy ca my bin th bng t s gia s vng ca cc cun dy tng ng: U = n 2 2 + u ng dy ti v pha nh my in t my tng th, ni tiu th t my h th. + Khi U1 > U2 , ta c my h th; Khi U1 < U2 ta c my tng th. + V dng in mt chiu khng i s to ra t trng khng i. Do s ng sc t xuyn qua tit din S ca cun dy th cp khng i (khng bin thin). Kt qu l trong cun dy th cp khng c dng in cm ng. 12/ Nu mi quan h gia hiu in th t vo hai u cc cun dy v s vng ca cc cun dy tng ng? Nu cch lp my bin th trn ng dy truyn ti in nng? Trng 1 phn cu 11 p n: + T s hiu in th hai u cc cun dy ca my bin th bng t s gia s vng ca cc cun dy tng ng. U = n 2 2 + u ng dy ti v pha nh my in t my tng th, ni tiu th t my h th. ( Khi U1 > U2 ta c my h th, khi U1 < U2 ta c my tng th)
U1 n1

U1

n1

B. HIU: 1/ Dng in xoay chiu l g?Cch to ra dng in xoay chiu ?Nu cc tc dng ca dng in xoay chiu ?Ly v d cho mi tc dng P N: -Dxc l dng in c chiu lun phin thay i theo thi gian -Cch to ra dng in xoay chiu : Khi cho cun dy dn kn quay trong t trng ca NC hay cho NC quay trc cun dy dn kn th trong cun dy c th xut hin dng in cm ng xoay chiu . -Cc tc dng ca dng in xoay chiu:tc dng nhit ,tc dng quang ,tc dng t . VD:+Tc dng nhit :Bn l ,bp in +Tc dng quang:n LED,n bt th in +Tc dng t :d qua cun dy c li st lm cho n tng tc c vi NC

2/ Chiu ST ca ng dy c d chy qua ph thuc vo yu t no ?Ngi ta dng qui tc no xc nh chiu ST ca ng dy ?Pht biu qui tc P N: Chiu ST ca ng dy c d chy qua ph thuc vochiu dng in chy qua cc vng dy . Ngi ta dng qui tc nm tay phi xc nh chiu ST ca ng dy. ->Pht biu qui tc :Nm bn tay phi ,ri t sao cho 4 ngn tay hng theo chiu dng in chy qua cc vng dy th ngn tay ci choi ra ch chiu ca ST trong lng ng dy . 3/ iu kin c lc in t tc dng ln dy dn c dng in l g?Chiu ca lc in t tc dng ln dy dn c xc nh bng qui tc no ?Pht biu qui tc P N: iu kin c lc in t tc dng ln dy dn c dng in l dy dn phi t trong t trng v khng song song vi ST - Chiu ca lc in t tc dng ln dy dn c xc nh bng qui tc bn tay tri --Pht biu qui tc :t bn tay tri sao cho cc ST hng vo lng bn tay ,chiu t c tay n ngn tay gia hng theo chiu dng in th ngn tay ci choi ra 90 0ch chiu ca lc in t . 4/ Khi truyn ti in nng i xa bng ng dy dn s c mt phn in nng hao ph l do u ?Lm th no gim hao ph in nng trn ng ti in v gim bng cch no? Trng cu 10 (phn bit) P N: Khi truyn ti in nng i xa bng ng dy dn s c mt phn in nng hao ph l do hin tng ta nhit trn ng dy . -- gim hao ph in nng trn ng ti in ngi ta tng HT hai u ng dy ti in v gim bng cch t my tng th hai u ng dy ti in . 5/ Gii thch nguyn tc hot ng ca ng c in 1 chiu Trng cu 5 (phn bit) P N: (Khi t khung dy trong t trng v cho dng in chy qua khung th xut hin cp lc in t c phng song song nhau,ngc chiu,mnh nh nhau cc on dy AB, CD. Cp lc ny s lm quay khung dy) 6/ Em hy nu 1 v d v hin tng cm ng in t m em bit? P N: Vlng xe my quay quanh cun dy to ra dng in cm ng 7/ C 1 nam chm thng c khng cn nhn r u l cc cc Bc,Nam.Hy nu cc phng n c th c tm ra cc cc t ca n? P N: (phng n 1: Dng 1 nam chm khc t gn n. phng n 2: Treo n nm ngang bng 1 si dy mnh xc nh phng Nam-bc. Dng 1 nam chm khc bit trc 2 t cc, t gn n chng tng tc vi nhau. 8/ C 1 nam chm c b trc sn v ch, v trong tay em c 1 nam chm cn mi.Hy nu cch dng hai nam chm ny nhn bit cc t cc ca nam chm c?

P N: (Gi s a cc Bc ca nam chm mi li gn mt u ca nam chm c,nu chng ht nhau,th l cc Nam ca thanh nam chm c, ngc li,n l cc Bc ca thanh nam chm c.) Cho 1 nam chm thng. Em hy v 1 ng sc t v ghi ch r chiu ca n?

S P N:

9/ Quan st th nghim hnh 1, hy cho bit c hin tng g xy ra vi kim nam chm, khi ng cng tc K? Xc nh cc t cc u A,B ca ng dy khi ? (+ Cc Nam ca kim nam chm b ht v pha u B. B A +A: l cc t Nam,B: l cc t Bc ca ng dy khi )
+ N

10/ Cho hnh v (hnh 2). Hy xc nh cc yu t cn thiu? (u trng l cc Bc, u gch l cc Nam)
A. I + B. I

K Hnh 1

( A. I F +

Hnh 2 B. I F

11/ Nu cu to v hot ng ca my pht in xoay chiu? Trng cu 2 (phn bit) ( +Cu to:gm hai b phn chnh l nam chm v cun dy dn.B phn ng yn gi l Stato, b phn quay gi l Roto. +Hot ng: Khi khung quay,ng sc t xuyn qua cun dy dn kn bin thin,lm xut hin dng in cm ng xoay chiu trong cun dy v c a ra ngoi. ) 12/ Nu cc tc dng ca dng in xoay chiu? Th nghim no chng t iu ? (+ Dng in xoay chiu c cc tc dng nhit, quang, t.

+ Cho dng in xoay chiu qua 1 in tr, in tr nng ln Tc dng nhit; Cho bt th in vo dy nng ca in, n bt pht sng Tc dng quang; Cho dng in xoay chiu i vo cc vng dy ca cun dy, v t gn 1 nam chm vnh cu, Nam chm in lin tc ht, y thanh nam chm Tc dng t) Chy qua 13/ Tm cng thc tnh cng sut hao ph trn ng dy ti in? Theo em, cch no lm gim hao ph tt nht? Thit lp ( +Cng sut ca dng in: P =UI (1) => I= P /U =>I2 = P 2 /U2 +Cng sut to nhit(hao ph): P hp= I2 R (2) => I2 = P hp/R +Vy: P hp/R = P 2 /U2 => P hp= RP 2 /U2 (3) +Cch lm gim hao ph tt nht l tng U: v khi U tng n ln th P hp gim n2 ln. 14/ Nu cu to v hot ng ca my bin th? Trng cu 11 (phn bit) +Cu to: *Hai cun dy dn c s vng dy khc nhau, t cch in vi nhau. *Mt li st(hoc thp) c pha silic chung cho c hai cun dy. +Hoat ng: t 1 HT xoay chiu vo hai u cun dy s cp ca MBT th hai u ca cun th cp xut hin HT xoay chiu.) 15/ Vn dng quy tc nm tay phi xc nh chiu ca ng sc t trong lng ng dy v tn t cc ca ng dy hoc chiu ca dng in chy qua ng dy v cc ca ngun?
S N

a) p n:
S N S

b)
N N

+
S

c)

a) b) + c) _ _-_hnh b: thiu cc + 16/ Vn dng quy tc bn tay tri xc nh mt trong 3 yu t sau: chiu ca lc in t hoc chiu ca dng in hoc chiu ca ng sc t (xc nh tn t cc ca nam chm). F v mi tn ch chiu ca lc in t cha tip xc vi vng trn
N S
F

a)

b)
S

+
c) p n: a)
N

b)

+a)
N N

c) 17/ Ti sao khng nn xy nh di st ng dy cao th? p n: V ng dy cao th c hiu in th hng trm nghn vn nhu th s rt nguy him nu ta xy nh di ng dy cao th, v lc c th xy ra hin tng phng in t dy dn xung nn m bo an ton cho con ngi v cc cng trnh xy dng phi cch xa ng dy cao th. nh 18/ Nu cu to ca nam chm in v nu vai tr li st? p n: Nam chm in gm mt ng dy dn bn trong c li st non. Li st non c vai tr lm tng tc dng t ca nam chm. 19/ Gii thch hot ng ca nam chm in? p n: Hot ng ca nam chm in: Khi dng in chy qua ng dy, th ng dy tr thnh mt nam chm, ng thi li st non b nhim t v tr thnh nam chm na. Khi ngt in th li st non mt t tnh v nam chm in ngng hot ng. C. VN DNG 1/ C hai thanh kim loi A, B b ngoi ging ht nhau, trong c 1 thanh l nam chm. a/ Lm th no xc nh c thanh no l nam chm? b/ Lm th no nhn bit c ti mt im trong khng gian c t trng? P N: a) xc nh c thanh no l nam chm ta dng si ch mm but vo gia thanh kim loi ri treo ln, nu khi cn bng thanh lun nm dc theo hng Bc- Nam b/ nhn bit c ti mt im trong khng gian c t trng ta t mt kim nam chm, kim b lch khi hng Bc- Nam 2/ Treo thanh nam chm gn ng dy nh hnh v .ng mch in a)Hin tng g s xy ra vi thanh NC ?

b)i chiu dng in chy qua cc vng dy ,hin tng s xy ra nh th no? (HS khng cn v li hnh )

K +

P N: a)NC s b ht vo ng dy . b)i chiu dng in chy qua cc vng dy .NC s b y ra xa ng dy a/ NC b ng dy y ra. b/ i chiu dng in chy qua cc vng dy th NC b ht vo ng dy 3/ Xc nh chiu ca lc in t ln dy dn c dng in chy qua trn cc hnh v sau: N + S P N: N S

a) b) a) Chiu ca lc in t: t phi sang tri. b) Chiu ca lc in t: t sau mt giy ra trc mt giy.

4/ Gii thch ti sao MBT khng s dng c ngun in mt chiu m s dng ngun in xoay chiu ? Trng 1 phn cu 11 P N: MBT khng s dng ngun in mt chiu m s dng ngun in xoay chiu v: +Khi t vo 2 u cun s cp ca MBT mt HT mt chiu th t trng xut hin trong li thp l t trng khng i .T trng ny xuyn qua tit din S ca cun th cp khng th lm xut hin mt HT hai u cun dy ny 5/ Mt MBT gm cun s cp c 500 vng ,cun th cp c 50 000 vng ,HT t vo hai u cun s cp l 2 000V .Hy tnh HT hai u cun th cp? P N: HT hai u cun th cp

Ta c :

U 1 n1 U 2000.50000 = U 2 = 1 .n2 = = 200000V U 2 n2 n1 500

6/ Cun s cp ca my bin th c 500 vng.Mun tng hiu in th ln 3 ln . a/Cun th cp ca my bin th phi qun bao nhiu vng ? b/C th dng my bin th lm my h th c khng ?My ny h th c bao nhiu ln ? c/Mun gim cng sut hao ph xung 100 ln .Hy nu bin php thc hin ? n1=500vng P N: a/ S vng cun th cp :
U 1 n1 U 3U 1 = n2 = 2 .n1 = .n1 = 3n1 = 3.500 = 1500vng U 2 n2 U1 U1

b/Nu dng cun dy 1500 vng lm cun s cp th cun th cp l 500 vng .Lc HT h xung c 3 ln. c/ gim cng sut hao ph xung 100 ln ta phi tng U2 ln 100 ln . ln ,phi dng MBT tng HT ln 10 ln 7/ Mt my bin th c s vng dy cun s cp l 1000 vng, cun th cp l 2500 vng. Cun s cp ni vo ngun in xoay chiu c hiu in th 110V. a) Tnh hiu in th hiu dng hai u cun th cp khi mch h? b) Ni hai u cun th cp vi in tr 100 . Tnh cng dng in chy trong cun s cp v th cp. B qua in tr ca cc cun dy? c) Ngi ta mun hiu in th hai u cun th cp (khi mch h) bng 220V, th s vng dy cun th cp phi bng bao nhiu? (
1 1 1 2 a) T biu thc U = n U 2 = n = 275V 2 2 1

Un

b) Cng dng in chy trong cun th cp l: I2 =

U I

U2 = 2,75A. R

Do hao ph khng ng k, nn cng sut hai mch in bng nhau:

2 2 U1 I1 = U2 I2 I1 = U = 6,8A 1

c) T biu thc U = n n 2 = U = 2000 vng 2 2 1 6,875A 8/ Cun s cp ca mt my bin th c 200 vng, cun th cp c 40000 vng. Khi t vo hai u cun s cp mt hiu in th xoay chiu 400V. a. Tnh hiu in th hai u cun th cp. b. in tr ca ng dy truyn i l 40 , cng sut truyn i l 1 000 000W. Tnh cng sut hao ph trn ng truyn do ta nhit trn dy? ( a. Hiu in th hai u cun th cp l:
1 1 1 2 p dng cng thc: U = n U 2 = n 2 2 1

U1

n1

U 2 n1

U .n

Thay s: U2 =

400.40000 = 80000 (V) 200

b.Cng sut hao ph do ta nhit trn ng dy l: P hp =

R.2 40.10000002 = = 6250 (W) U2 800002

9/ Mt my bin th c s vng ca cun s cp l 1600 vng, cun th cp c 320 vng. Nu t vo 2 u dy ca cun s cp mt hiu in th xoay chiu 220V th hiu in th hai u cun th cp l bao nhiu? p n: U = n => U2 = U 1 . n = 220. 2 2 1
U1 n1
n2
320 1600

= 44V

10/ Mt my bin th dng trong nh hiu in th u vo l 220V (hiu in th 2 u cun s cp), c 2 ng ra ng vi hiu in th l 110V v 22V. Bit s vng dy ca cun s cp l 3600 vng. Tnh s vng dy ca cc cun th cp tng ng? p n: U = n => n2 = n1 U = 3600. 2 2 1 n2 = n1 U = 3600. 1
U '2

U1

n1

U2

110 220

= 1800 vng = 360 vng

22 220

11/ a. Ngi ta dng my bin th gim hiu in th t 220V xung cn 9V. Nu cun s cp c 11000 vng, th s vng cun th cp l bao nhiu? b.Gi s cng sut ca my bin th l 6W v khng c s mt mt nng lng . Tnh cng dng in mch th cp? Tr li a. Ta c cng thc U1 / U2 = n1 / n2 Suy ra n2 = U2 . n1 / U1 = 9. 11000/ 220 = 405 ( vng) b. Ta c P1 = P2 = 6W cng dng in cun th cp U1 I1= U2 I2 suy ra I2 = U1 I1 / U2 = 6/ 9 = 2/ 3 (A) 450 12/ My bin th tng th .Cun s cp c 1000 vng .Nu mc vo hiu in th 110V th ta c hiu n th 220V a. Tnh s vng ca cun th cp. b. Mun s dng my trn h th . Nu mc vo hiu in th 1000 V th hiu in th ly ra lc ny l bao nhiu? in Tr li a. S vng dy cun s cp l U1 / U2 = n1 / n2 suy ra n2 = U2 n1 / U1 = 220. 1000/ 110 = 2000 vng b/ U1 / U2 = n1 / n2 suy ra U2 = U1 n2 / n1 = 1000 .10000/ 20000 = 500 (V) th cp thay s sai 13/ Mt my bin th c s vng cun s cp l 500 vng, s vng cun th cp l 11000 vng. Bit hiu in th hai u cun th cp l 22000 V. a) Tm hiu in th hai u cun s cp. b) So snh U1 v U2 , cho bit y l loi my tng th hay h th? Hiu in th hai u cun s cp. Tr li

U1 / U2 = n1 / n2 U1 = U2.. n1 / n2 (0,5) = 500. 22000 / 11000 =1000 (V ) V U1 > U2 ( 1000V > 500V ) y l my h th Khng cho im V U1 < U2 ( 1000V < 22000V ) y l my tng th CHNG III: QUANG HC A. BIT 1/ Th no l hin tng khc x nh sng? Hy v ng truyn ca tia sng truyn t mi trng nc sang mi trng khng kh ? Khng phi cu hi TL:Hin tng khc x nh sng l hin tng tia sng truyn t mi trng trong sut ny sang mi trng trong sut khc th b gy khc ti mt phn cach gia hai mi trng.
cch Khng kh hnh v cha y : tn tia, php tuyn, gc Nc

2/ Nu nhng c im ca mt lo v cch khc phc tt ca mt lo ?

Khng phi cu hi. >TL: Mt lo nhn c nhng vt xa , khng nhn c nhng vt gn nh hi cn tr.

im cc cn ca mt lo xa mt hn so vi mt bnh thng --Mt lo phi eo knh (l thu knh hi t) nhn r cc vt gn mt nh bnh thng . nhn r 3/ Nu nhng c im ca mt cn v cch khc phc tt ca mt cn ?
Khng phi cu hi.

>TL: Mt cn nhn c nhng vt gn , khng nhn c nhng vt xa. im cc cn ca mt cn gn mt hn so vi mt bnh thng --Mt cn phi eo knh (l thu knh phn k ) nhn r cc vt xa mt nh bnh thng . nhn r khng yu cu so snh im Cc 4/ Knh lp l g?Knh lp dng lm g?Cach s dng knh lp ?Anh to bi knh lp c c im g? Cch nh TL:- Knh lp l TKHT c tiu c ngn -Knh lp dng quan st cc vt nh nh :quan st cc vt nh ,c ch vit nh , --Cach s dng knh lp :Khi quan st mt vt nh qua knh lp th phi t vt trong khong tiu c ca knh nh o ln hn vt .Mt nhn thy nh o .

-- Anh to bi knh lp c c im: Anh o ln hn vt Cch nh thu c nh o, 5/ Hy nu ba cch nhn bit 1 thu knh l thu knh hi t? ( +Cch 1: dng tay s, nu phn ra mng hn phn gia TK hi t. +Cch 2: Chiu chm tia ti qua thu knh, nu chm tia l lch v pha thu knh thu knh hi t. +Cch 3: t ngn tay tr gn st thu knh, nu nhn qua knh thy ngn tay rt to thu knh hi t. ) Chiu chm tia song song vi trc chnh thu knh, nu chm tia l hi t ti tiu im ca thu knh thu knh hi t. nh o ca ngn tay to hn ngn tay khi quan st trc tip 6/ Nu cu to my nh, nh 1 vt trn phim trong my nh, v hnh vic to nh ca 1 vt t trc my nh? ( +Cu to: Mi my nh u c vt knh v bung ti(ni t phim). Vt knh ca my nh l 1 TKHT. nh trn phim l nh tht, nh hn vt v ngc chiu vi vt. + V hnh:
B A O F film A B

vt knh, bung ti v ch t mn hng nh . 7/ Nu cc b phn chnh ca mt, s iu tit? So snh s ging nhau gia mt v my nh? im cc cn ca mt bnh thng cch mt bao nhiu? S iu tit ca mt Khng nn hi ny ( +Mt: Hai b phn chnh quan trng nht ca mt l th thu tinh v mng li. Trong qu trnh iu tit th th thu tinh b co gin, phng ln hoc dt xung, cho nh hin trn mng li r nt nht. +im cc cn Cc ca mt bnh thng cch mt khong 20 30 cm tu ngi. +Th thu tinh ng vai tr nh vt knh trong my nh, cn mng li ng vai tr nh phim. nh ca vt m ta nhn thy hin trn mng li. nh mn hng nh 8/ Knh lp l g? Dng lm g? Vit cng thc s bi gic G? Knh lp c s bi gic trong khong no? Hy k mt s trng hp trong thc t i sng v sn xut phi s
dng n knh lp Knh lp dng lm g?

( +Knh lp l mt thu knh hi t c tiu c ngn. +Knh lp dng quan st cc vt nh. +S bi gic: G= 25/f +Knh lp c s bi gic trong khong t 1,5x 40x. +Khi ta cn quan st r 1 con kin, con su, hoc c cc dng ch qu nh.

9/ Nu cu to ca mt, so snh s ging nhau v khc nhau gia mt v my nh? p n: + Hai b phn quan trng nht ca mt l th thy tinh v mng li. + Ging nhau: th thy tinh ng vai tr nh vt knh trong my nh, mng li nh nng hng nh. nh ca vt m ta nhn hin trn mng li. + Khc nhau: tiu c ca th thy tinh thay i c, cn tiu c ca vt knh khng thay i. Khong cch t phim n vt knh thay i c cn khong cch t mng li n th thy tinh th khng thay i. 10/ Gii thch v sao bnh cha xng , du trn cc xe t, cc toa tu ch du phi sn mu nh nh bc, mu trng, vng. p n V nhng mu nh bc , mu trng , vng. Hp thu nng lng nh sng km lm cho cc bnh cha xng du nng ln khng nhiu nn c th phng trnh c ha hon 11/ Nu cc cch phn tch mt chm sng trng thnh nhng chm sng mu khc nhau? p n: c th phn tch mt chm sng trng thnh nhng chm sng mu khc nhau bng cch cho chm sng trng i qua mt lng knh hoc phn x trn mt ghi ca a CD. 12/ Trnh by khi nim quang tm, trc chnh, tiu im, tiu c? p n: - Quang tm l mt im ca thu knh m mi tia sng ti im u truyn thng. - Trc chnh l ng thng i qua quang tm ca thu knh v vung gc vi mt ca thu knh. - Tiu im l im hi t trn trc chnh ca chm tia l khi chiu chm tia ti song song vi trc chnh. Mi thu knh c hai tiu im i xng nhau qua quang tm. - Tiu c l khong cch t tiu im n quang tm (k hiu l f) 13/ Nu c tc dng ca tm lc nh sng mu? Nu tc dng ca tm lc mu p n: - C th to ra nh sng mu bng cch chiu chm sng trng qua tm lc mu. - Tm lc mu no th hp th t nh sng mu , nhng hp th hon ton nh sng khc mu. Mu nh sng qua mt knh lc mu gi l mu n sc. hp th nhiu B. HIU: 1/ Tc dng nhit ca nh sng l g?Trong tc dng nhit ca nh sng th c s bin i t dng nng lng no thnh dng nng lng no ?Tc dng nhit ca nh sng trn cc vt c mu sc khc nhau th khc nhau nh th no ? ->TL:Tc dng nhit ca nh sng l tc dng lm nng cc vt khi a/s chiu vo cc vt . Trong tc dng nhit ca nh sng th quang nng bin thnh nhit nng Tc dng nhit ca nh sng trn cc vt c mu sc khc nhau th khc nhau :Cc vt c mu ti th hp th nng lng a/s mnh hn cc vt mu sng ,nn nng ln nhiu hn. 2/ Mt ngi ch nhn r nhng vt cch mt t 15cm n 20cm . ? a)Mt ngi y mc tt g?

b)Ngi y phi eo thu knh loi g?Khi eo knh ph hp th ngi y s nhn r vt xa nht cch mt bao nhiu ? ->TL:Mt ngi ch nhn r nhng vt cch mt t 15cm n 20cm . a)Mt ngi y mc tt cn th b)Ngi y phi eo thu knh phn k. Khi eo knh ph hp th ngi y s nhn r c vt rt xa ( v cc ) 3/ nh sng mt tri lc gia tra chiu vo mt pin mt tri s gy ra nhng tc dng g?Nu nhng biu hin c th ca nhng tc dng ? ->TL: nh sng mt tri lc gia tra chiu vo mt pin mt tri s ng thi gy ra 2 tc dng :l tc dng nhit v tc dng quang in . Nhng biu hin c th ca nhng tc dng : -Tc dng nhit l pin b nng ln rt nhiu . -Tc dng quang in l pin c kh nng pht in . 4/ V nh ca vt sng AB t trc thu knh (hnh 2) trong cc trng hp sau?
B O F' B O F'

F ( Gii: B

F Hnh 2 F'

a) F' B O

b) F' B B A O F'

A )

F'

a) Hnh 2 b) F' tia ti n quang tm, F' Hnh a: thiu mi tn chF' chiu truyn ca tia l tng ng

5/ Mt ngi cn th phi eo knh c tiu c 45cm .Hi khi khng eo knh ngi nhn r c vt cch xa mt nht l bao nhiu? p n: Khi ngi cn th eo knh c tiu c 45cm st mt th knh cn c tiu im trng vi im cc vin ca mt. nh vy khi khng eo knh ngi y nhn r c nhng vt xa nht cch mt mt khong ng bng tiu c ca thu knh 45cm. 6/ Tiu c ca 2 knh lp ln lt l 10cm v 5cm. Tnh bi gic knh hai knh lp? p n: G1 = 25/f1 = 25/10 = 2,5X G2 = 25/f2 = 25/5 = 5X 7/ Mt cy cnh khi ngoi tri v khi trong nh th hai trng hp cy cnh pht trin nh th no? Qua cho thy tm quan trng ca tc dng g ca nh sng? p n: Cy cnh ngoi tri th n pht trin bnh thng, cn khi trong nh thiu nh sng th cy cnh km pht trin, l b bc mu, yu t. Nu trong nh lu nga2ty cy cnh c th b cht. Qua cho thy tc dng sinh hc ca nh sng co tm quan trng rt ln trong s pht trin ca cy ci. ngy c

C. VN DNG: 1/ Trn hnh v cho bit l trc chnh ca mt thu knh, AB l vt sng, AB l nh ca AB. a/ AB l nh tht hay nh o? V sao? B b/ Thu knh trn l thu knh g? V B sao? c/ Hy trnh by cch v xc nh A A quang tm O v cc tiu im F, F ca thu knh trn. -> Gii a) nh AB l nh o . V n cng chiu vi vt b/ Thu knh cho l thu knh phn k . V AB l nh o nh hn vt . c/ Trnh ba cch v : - Ni B vi B ct trc chnh ti quang tm O. - T O dng ng vung gc vi trc chnh, ta c v tr t thu knh. - T B dng tia ti BI song song vi trc chnh ca thu knh. Ni IB ko di ct trc chnh ti F, F v F i xng nhau qua quang tm O. cch

I F O

B A

F A

2/ C th dng thu knh hi t c tiu c 10 cm lm knh lp c khng ?Nu dng c th knh lp c s bi gic bng bao nhiu? Khi quan st mt vt nh bng knh lp ni trn th phi t vt trong khong no trc knh ? C th dng thu knh hi t c tiu c lp ->TL:C th dng thu knh hi t c tiu c 10 cm lm knh lp c :c Nu dng c th knh lp c s bi gic :G=
25 25 = = 2,5 f 10

>1

Khi quan st mt vt nh bng knh lp ni trn th phi t vt trong khong tiu c ca knh c nh o ln hn vt tc l phi t vt trong khong 10cm trc knh . C th dng thu knh hi t c tiu c 10cm lm knh lp. quan st 3/ t mt vt AB ,c dng mi tn di 0,5cm ,vung gc vi trc chnh ca mt thu knh hi t v cch thu knh 6cm .Thu knh c tiu c 4cm . a)Hy dng nh ca vt AB theo ng t l .Nu tnh cht ca nh b)Vn dng kin thc hnh hc tnh khong cch t nh n thu knh v chiu cao ca nh. / Gii a/V nh :v ng t l OF,OFB ,OA nh tht ,ngc chiu A vi vt
A F O F

nh phi k hiu AB hnh v thiu im I /Xt tg OA/B/ ng dng tg OAB

OA / A/ B / = (1) OA AB

Xt tg F/A/B/ng dng tg FOI

F / A/ A B/ = FO OI
/

( m OI=AB;F /A/=OA/-OF/) (2)

/

Nn :

A/ B / OA / OF / = AB FO

T (1)v (2) OA /

OA

Thay s tnh c A/O=12cm T (1) A/B/=1cm Xt tam gic Tam gic FOI m FO nn
4/ t vt AB trc mt thu knh phn k c tiu c 8 cm ,vt AB vung gc vi trc

FO OA OF /

chnh ca thu knh ,A nm trn trc chnh v cch thu knh mt khong 12cm . a/Dng nh A/B/ ca AB qua thu knh v nhn xt nh b/Tnh khong cch t nh n thu knh v chiu cao ca nh A/B/,bit AB=3cm c tiu c vung gc nm trn v cch v nhn xt c im ca nh.
Gii a/V nh :v ng t l OF,OF/,OA

B B F A O F

Hnh v thiu im I , nh B c im ca nh :nh o ,cng chiu vi vt

v nh hn vt b/Xt tg OA/B/ ng dng tg OAB

OA / A/ B / = (1) OA AB

Xt tg FA/B/ng dng tg FOI

F A/ A B/ = FO OI
/

( m OI=AB;FA/=FO-A/O)

Nn : T

A/ B / FO A / O = (2) AB FO OA / FO A / O = (1)v (2) OA FO

Thay s tnh c A/O=4,8cm T (1) A/B/=1,2cm Xt tam gic Tam gic FABng dng tam gic FOI M FA/=FO-A/O FO nn 5/ S bi gic nh nht ca knh lp l 1,5x. Vy tiu c di nht ca knh lp l bao nhiu? ( Da vo cng thc G = f =>G nh nht f ln nht => tiu c di nht ca knh lp l: f=
25 25 = = 16,7cm . G 1,5

25

6/ Mt ngi ng chp nh cao 1,6 m cch my nh 2m. Bit khong cch t vt knh n phim 2 cm. a. Tnh chiu cao ca nh ngi trn phim. b. Tnh tiu c ca vt knh. ( a. Chiu cao nh
AB OA = (1) A' B ' OA' OA' 2 A' B ' = AB = 160. = 1, 6cm OA 200 OAB : OA' B '

I F' A O

ng dng hnh v thiu mi tn tia l qua quang tm O V hnh ng: Tnh AB : b. Tiu c ca vt knh:
F 'OI : F ' A' B ' OI F 'O OI F 'O ' '= ' ' ' '= (2) AB F A A B OA' OF '

M OI = AB nn (1) = (2):
OA F 'O 200 F 'O = = OA' OA' OF ' 2 2 OF ' OF ' 1,98cm

Vy vt knh ca my nh c tiu c l 1,98cm 7/ Cho mt vt sng AB t vung gc vi trc chnh (im A nm trn truc chnh) trc mt thu knh hi t c tiu c f = 40 cm. Vt AB cch thu knh mt khong d= OA = 60 cm. a) Hy dng nh AB ca vt AB (Khng cn ng t l) . b) Tnh khong cch t nh n thu knh. c) Gi nguyn v tr ca thu knh,dch chuyn vt li gn thu knh 10 cm (sao cho AB lun vung gc trc chnh,A nm trn trc chnh) th nh s dch chuyn mt on bng bao nhiu cm so vi v tr ban u ca nh?

( a) V hnh ng:
B A F O I F A

b) + Xt ABO
AB OA = (1) A ' B ' OA '

ABO c: ABF c:

+ Xt OIF

T (1) & (2) ta c:

OI AB OF ' OF ' = = = (2) (Do OI=AB) A' B ' A' B ' A' F ' OA ' OF ' OA OF ' = (3) OA ' OA ' OF'

=> 60OA - 40OA= 2400 +Gii ra ta c: OA = 120 cm c) Vn s dng (3) vi OA=60 10=50 cm => OA=200 cm Vy nh dch chuyn 1 on: 200 -120 = 80 cm Dng sai k hiu ng dng 8/ Mt vt sng AB t trc thu knh phn k cho nh b hn vt 3 ln. Bit khong cch t vt n thu knh l 30cm. Tnh tiu c ca thu knh. p n:
K B A F B A O I F

Hnh v: 2 tiu im u k hiu F OAB ng dng OAB

A`B` AB

=OA
1 3

OA`

=3

(1)

OA =
A`B` OI

OA = 10 cm

OIF ng dng A`B`F =

A`F OF A`B` A`F = OF AB OF 10 OF

M OI = AB
1 3

(2)

A`F ` OF

OF = 15 cm 9/ Cho l mt trc chnh ca thu AB v AB ln lt l vt v nh ca thu knh. Bit AB ln hn AB 2 ln v ngc chiu vi AB. a) Thu knh trn l thu knh g? b) Bit khong cch t AB n thu knh l 30cm, tnh di tiu c ca thu knh. p n

B A F O

I F

OAB ng dng OA`B` A

B

A`B` AB

OA` OA

= 2 (1)

OA = 2OA = 60cm OIF` ng dng A`B`F`

A`B` OI

A`F ` OF `

M OI = AB ; AF = OA- OF
A`B` OA`OF ` = AB OF ` 60 OF ` 2 = OF `

(2)

OF = 20 cm 10/ dng my nh chp nh mt vt cao 1,2m t cch my 3m. Bit khong cch t mn hng nh n vt knh l 5,2 cm a) V nh ca vt trn mn hng nh? b) Tnh chiu cao ca nh B I P p n:
A O F A B

OAB ng dng OA`B`

AB =

A`B`

OA` OA

AB = AB.
5,2 300

OA` OA

AB = 120.

= 2,08cm

11/ dng mt my nh vt knh c tiu c 5cm chp nh mt ngi cao 1,6m ng cch my 3m a) Dng nh ca ngi y trn phim (khng cn ng t l) b) Bng kin thc hnh hc tnh khong cch t mn nh n vt knh lc chp nh v cao ca nh? p n
B A I O P F A B

OAB ng dng OA`B`

Q
A`B` AB A`B` OI A`B` AB

= = =

OA` OA A' F ' OF '

(1)

OIF ng dng A`B`F M OI = AB ; FA= OA OF

OA`OF ` (2) OF ` OA` OA`OF ` = OA OF `

(1) (2)

OA = 5,08cm AB = 2,7cm

12/ a) V nh ca vt AB qua thu knh hi t. Cho bit v tr v tnh cht ca nh i vi thu knh
B . A F 0 F

Hnh v tha 2 mi tn trn trc chnh b) t vt AB nm trc thu knh c tiu c 12cm. Vt AB cch thu knh mt khong 0A = d = 18cm, khi vt c chiu cao h = 6mm.T hnh nh v cu a, hy vn dng kin thc hnh hc tnh khong cch t nh n thu knh , chiu cao ca nh v khong cch t nh n vt.

Tr li
B . A F 0 B/ I . F

A/

Cha tr li th 2 cu a b) OAB ng dng OA`B` ta c:

F , A , B ,

0A AB = , , ( 1) , 0A A B

ng dng vi

F , 0I

ta c :

0F ' 0I = A 'B' A 'B'

(2)

v A F = O A - OF AF = OA-OF M OI = AB nn t (1) v (2) suy ra

d f / = / dd/ df = d/ f d d f

0A 0F ' = 0A ' A 'F '

Thay s 18d/ -12.18 = 12d/ Suy ra 6d/ = 216 (cm) d/ = 36 (cm) (3) thay (3) vo (1) / / Ta c A B = 1,2 (cm ) t Ta c AA = AO + OA = 18 + 36 = 54cm 13/ a) V nh ca vt AB qua thu knh phn k .Cho bit v tr v tnh cht ca nh i vi thu knh
A

Hnh v tha 2 mi tn trn trc chnh 0 b) t vt AB nmA trc thu knh c tiu c 12cm. Vt AB cch thu knh mt F F khong 0A = d = 18cm, khi vt c chiu cao h = 6mm.T hnh nh v cu a, hy vn dng kin thc hnh hc tnh khong cch t nh n thu knh , chiu cao ca nh v khong cch t vt n nh. Tr li a) Hnh
B A I B 0 F A F

Tnh cht ca nh : nh o cng chiu v nh hn vt b)

OAB ng O ' A' B ' ta c: dng vi
0A AB = ( 1) 0A, A, B , 0I 0F = A' B' A ' F '

FA B ng dng vi F0I ta c : v A F = 0F- 0 A

(2)

M OI = AB nn t (1) v (2) suy ra

0A 0F 0F d f = = = df dd ' = fd ' 0A ' A ' F 0F0A ' d' f d ''

Thay s 18.12 18d = 12d Suy ra 30d/ = 216 (cm) d/ = 7,2 (cm) (3) thay (3) vo (1) / / Ta c A B = 0,25 (cm ) Ta c AA = AO OA = 18 7,2 = 10,8 cm 14/ Mt vt AB c dng mi tn t trc thu knh hi t , im A nm trn trc chnh cch thu knh mt khong 12 cm thu knh c tiu c 20 cm AB cao 1cm. a/ Dng nh ca vt AB to bi thu knh . nu cch dng? b/ nh to bi thu knh l nh tht hay nh o? cng chiu hay ngc chiu vi vt? c/ Bng kin thc hnh hc tnh nh A,/ B / ca AB Tr li a/ - Dng nh ng t -Nu cch dng ng Cha nu cch dng nh
B/

B . A/ F A 0

I F/ .

Hnh v: tia l phi qua F b/ nh o cng chiu ln hn vt c/ Tnh A/ B/ O ' A' B ' Xt : OAB ng dng vi ta c Ta c
OA' A' B' = (1) OA AB

Xt : Xt tam gc FA B ng dng vi tam gic F0I

A' B ' F ' A' = (2) OI F' O

M AB = OI (HCN) F A = OA + OF Nn t (1 ) v (2) suy ra

OA' F ' A' OA' +F ' O = = OA F' O F 'O

d' d ' +f = d ' f = dd ' +df d f

Thay s 20d/ = 12d/ + 12.20 8d/ = 240 d/ = 240/ 8 = 30 (cm) T Suy

OA' A' B ' = (1) OA AB OA' . AB 30.1 ra A B = OA = 12 = 2,5(cm)

15/ Ngi ta mun chp nh ca mt bc tranh c kch thc 0,48m x 0,72m trn mt phim c kch thc 24mm x 36mm, sao cho nh thu c c kch thc cng ln cng tt. Tiu c ca vt knh my nh l 5cm a/ Hy dng nh ( Hnh v khng cn ng t l) b/ Da vo hnh v xc nh khong cch t vt knh n bc tranh v nh cao bng bao nhiu ln vt? Gii: a/ Dng nh: Gi AB l bc tranh v AB la nh ca bc tranh:

I F A

O B

Hnh v cn c mn hng nh (phim) theo bi b. TA C:OAB ng dng OA`B`

A ' B ' OA ' 2, 4 = = = 0, 05 ( 1) AB OA 48 A' B ' A' F ' = ( 2) OI OF ' A ' B ' OA ' OF ' = ( 3) AB OF '

Hai tam gic OFI v AFB ng dng:

M OI = AB v AF = OA OF

( 2)

T (1) ; (3) v OF = f = 5cm Thay OA = 5,25 vo (1)

d = OA =

OA ' 5 = 0, 05 OA ' 5 = 0, 25 OA ' = 5, 25cm 5 5, 25 A ' B ' 2, 4 = 105cm v = = 0, 05 A ' B ' = 0, 05 AB 0.05 AB 48

Vy vt cch thu knh 105cm v nh cao bng 0,05 ln vt

V nh ca vt sng AB t trc thu knh trong trng hp

Cha v nh AB ca AB Hnh thiu im B 16/ t vt AB vung gc vi trc chnh ca thu knh hi t c tiu c f = 30cm, cch

thu knh mt khong d = 20cm a) V nh? b) Bit AB= 4cm. Xc nh v tr v tm chiu cao ca nh P N v nh ng t

B B
A F A O F

Xt OAB ng dng OA`B`

OA AB = OA` A`B` AB 20 = (1) A`B` OA`

Xt OIF ` ng dng A`B`F`

OI OF ` = A`B` A`F ` AB OF ` = A`B` OA`+OF ` AB 30 = ( 2) A`B` OA`+30

T (1) v (2) ta c

OA`= 60cm

20 30 = OA` OA`+30 AB.OA` 4.60 = = 12(cm) 20 20

T (1) A`B`=

CHNG IV: NNG LNG A. BIT 1/ K tn 2 ngun pht nh sng trng v 2 ngun pht nh sng mu? Ti sao lc bnh minh v hong hn nh sng Mt tri khng l nh sng trng? -Ngun pht nh sng trng: Mt tri(tr lc bnh minh v hong hn), cc n c dy tc nng sng. -Ngun pht nh sng mu: Cc n LED, n bt laze. -V trong lc bnh minh v hong hn, nh sng Mt tri khng tp hp 7 mu c bn lm nn nh sng trng.

B. HIU
1/ Nu 1 v d v tc dng ca nh sng v s chuyn ho nng lng trong v d ny? 1 chu nc nhit bnh thng di nh sng Mt tri. Sau mt thi gian nc trong chu nng ln. l tc dng nhit ca nh sng. Nng lng nh sng chuyn ho thnh nhit nng lm nc nng ln. 2/ Pht biu nh lut bo ton nng lng? Nng lng khng t sinh ra hoc t mt i m ch chuyn ho t dng ny sang dng khc, hoc truyn t vt ny sang vt khc. t