CHNG 9: HO HC V VN PHT TRIN KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG A. L THUYT I. HA HC V NHNG VN PHT TRIN KINH T.

1. Vn nng lng v nhin liu * Vn v nng lng v v nhin liu ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l : - Cc ngun nng lng, nhin liu ho thch nh du m, than , kh t nhin khng phi l v tn m c gii hn v ngy cng cn kit. - Khai thc v s dng nng lng ho thch cn l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch yu gy nn nhim mi trng v lm thay i kh hu ton cu. * Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no trong hin ti v tng lai? Ho hc nghin cu gp phn sn xut v s dng ngun nhin liu, nng lng nhn to thay th. Nh : - iu ch kh metan trong l biogaz. - iu ch etanol t crackinh du m thay th xng, du. - Sn xut ra cht thay cho xng t ngun nguyn liu v tn l khng kh v nc. - Sn xut kh than kh v kh than t t than v nc. - Nng lng c sn sinh ra trong cc l phn ng ht nhn c s dng cho mc ch ho bnh. - Nng lng thu in, nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri, nng lng a nhit, nng lng thu triu - Nng lng in ho trong pin in ho hoc acquy. 2. Vn vt liu * Vn v vt liu ang t ra cho nhn loi l g ? Cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh kinh t v khoa hc k thut, nhu cu ca nhn loi v cc vt liu mi vi nhng tnh nng vt l v ho hc, sinh hc mi ngy cng cao. * Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn v vt liu nh th no? Sn xut vt liu: - Vt liu c ngun gc v c. VD: ngnh ha cht sn xut ra cc ha cht c bn HCl, H 2SO4, HNO3, NH3, NaOH, lm nguyn liu sn xut phn bn, thuc tr su. - Vt liu c ngun gc hu c. VD: Sn tng hp, nha, cht do, PVC, PE, cao su tng hp, t, si tng hp. - Vt liu mi: + Vt liu nano (cn gi l vt liu nanomet) + Vt liu quang in t. + Vt liu compozit.

II. HA HC V VN X HI.
1. Ho hc v vn lng thc, thc phm * Vn lng thc, thc phm ang t ra thch thc ln cho nhn loi hin nay - Dn s th gii ngy cng tng. - Din tch trng trt ngy cng b thu hp. - Vn vi phm v sinh an ton thc phm. * Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn v lng thc, thc phm cho nhn loi nh : - Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ho hc c tc dng bo v, pht trin thc vt, ng vt, gip tng sn lng, cht lng v bo qun tt hn. - Sn xut cc loi phn bn ho hc. - Tng hp ho cht c tc dng dit tr c di. + Sau khi phun thuc tr su, thuc tng trng cho mt s loi rau, qu thi hn ti thiu thu hoch an ton thng l 12 -15 ngy. + Thuc dit c di rt c: 2,4-D (axit 2,4 iclopenoxiaxetic), 2,4,5 T (axit 2,4,5- triclophenoxiaxetic) - Tng hp ho cht dit nm bnh: etirimol, benonyl, ng sunfat..) - Sn xut nhng ho cht bo qun lng thc v thc phm. - Nghin cu ch bin thc n tng hp. 2. Ho hc v vn may mc

* Vn may mc ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l : - Dn s th gii gia tng khng ngng, v vy t si t nhin khng th p ng nhu cu v s lng cng nh cht lng. - Nhu cu ca con ngi khng ch mc m, m cn mc p, hp thi trang. * Ho hc gp phn gii quyt vn may mc ca nhn loi nh : - Gp phn sn xut ra t, si ho hc c nhiu u im ni bt: t visco, t axetat - Sn xut nhiu loi phm nhum. - Cc vt liu c bn ch to cc thit b chuyn dng trong cc nh my dt v trong ngnh dt may. 3. Ho hc v vn sc khe con ngi * Dc phm - Gp phn nghin cu thnh phn ho hc ca mt s dc liu t nhin. - Nghin cu ra cc loi vacxin. - Phng chng nhng cn bnh, nn dch ca th k. - Thuc trnh thai. - Thuc b dng c th: Vitamin A, B, C, D, - Thuc khng sinh: penixilin, ampixilin, eryhromixin, * Cht gy nghin, cht ma tu v cch phng chng ma tu (di dng nhng vin thuc tn dc, bt trng dng ht, vin ung, dung dch tim chch). - Moocphin c trong cy thuc phin. - Hassish l hot cht c trong cy cn xa (cy b ). - Thuc an thn: seduxen, meprobamat, - Thuc kch thch, gy nghin: Amphetamin, heroin, cocain, ru bia - Ma ty c tc dng c ch, gim au, kch thch mnh m hoc gy o gic. - Nghin ma tu s dn n ri lon tm, sinh l, nh ri lon tiu ho, ri lon chc nng thn kinh, ri lon tun hon, h hp. Tim chch ma tu c th gy try tim mch d dn n t vong. - Ho hc nghin cu ma tu, s dng chng nh l mt loi thuc cha bnh. - Lun ni khng vi ma tu. - Trong ru, bia thng cha mt cht c hi l etanal CH3-CHO, gy nn nao kh chu, nu nng cao c th dn n t vong.

III. HO HC V VN NHIM MI TRNG

Tc hi ca nhim mi trng (khng kh, t, nc) gy suy gim sc khe ca con ngi, gy thay i kh hu ton cu, lm dit vong mt s loi sinh vt, Th d : hin tng thng tng zn, hiu ng nh knh, ma axit, * nhim khng kh: + Khng kh b nhim thng c cha qu mc cho php nng cc kh CO 2, CH4 v mt s kh c khc, th d CO, NH3, SO2, HCl + Cc cht tng hp (ete, benzene,..), cc kh halogen v hp cht ca chng ( CFC, Cl 2, Br2,) + Cc cht bi nh l lng trong khng kh ( rn, lng, vi sinh vt,..), cc bi nng ( t, , kim loi nng: Cu, Pb, Ni, Sn, Cd..), Kh quang ha (O3, FAN, NOx, andehyt, etilen) + Cc cht lm thng tng ozon: CFC t t lnh, bnh xt,.. + Cc cht phng x (ch yu t v n bom nguyn t): Sr80, I131, Cr137 * Cht gy hiu ng nh knh: CO2, CH4 * Cht gy ra ma axit: Kh SO2, NO2 * Kim loi c: + Kim loi nng: Hg, Pb v cc hp cht ca Pb nh tetraeyl ch Pb(C 2H5)4 hoc tetrametyl ch Pb(CH3)4 rt c + Cc ion kim loi nng, c: Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, As3+, Mn2+, * Cc hp cht hu c: + Hp cht ca phenol (2,4 triclorophenol v penta clorophenol). + Cc cht ha hc bo v thc vt hu c, tanin v lignin, cc hidrocacbon a vng nhng t, + Thuc tr su kh phn hy: DDT, Alrin. * nhim nc: Nc nhim thng c cha cc cht thi hu c, cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, cc cht dinh dng thc vt, cc cht hu c tng hp, cc ho cht v c, cc cht phng x, cht c ho hc,

* nhim mi trng t: t b nhim c cha c t, cht c hi cho cy trng vt qu nng c quy nh. * Nhn bit mi trng b nhim a) Quan st qua mi, mu sc, b) Xc nh cht nhim bng cc thuc th. c) Bng dng c o : nhit k, sc k, my o pH. * X l cht nhim: X l nhim t, nc, khng kh da trn c s khoa hc ho hc c kt hp vi khoa hc vt l v sinh hc. 1. X l cht thi trong phng th nghim: Cht bn/ c Bin php x l thng thng Cht c tnh axit Dng nc vi d trung ha Kh c Dng than hot tnh hoc dung dch hp th chng to nn cht khng c hoc t c hi hn. Cc ion kim loi, ion SO42Dng nc vi d kt ta Thy ngn Bt lu hunh Kh thi NO2 Dng nc vi trong: 2Ca(OH)2 + 4NO2 Ca(NO3)2 + Ca(NO2)2 + 2H2O

PHN II: CU HI TRC NGHIM Cu 1: C 4 mu cht rn mu trng BaCO3, BaSO4, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, nu ch dng H2O v mt cht kh (khng dng nhit , in phn) phn bit chng th cht kh phi chn l A. O3. B. CO2. C. SO2. D. H2. Cu 2: C 4 l ho cht b mt nhn ng ring bit 4 dung dch khng mu sau y: NH4Cl, NaCl, BaCl2, Na2CO3. C th s dng thuc th no sau y phn bit cc l dung dch trn? A. HCl. B. Qu tm. C. NaOH. D. H2SO4. Cu 3: loi b Al ra khi hn hp Al, MgO, CuO, Fe3O4 v FeO ngi ta dng A. H2SO4 c nng B. H2SO4 long. C. H2SO4 c ngui. D. NaOH. Cu 4: phn bit 3 kh CO, CO2, SO2 ta c th dng thuc th l A. dd PdCl2 v dd Br2. B. dd KMnO4 v dd Br2 C. dd BaCl2 v dd Br2. D. C A, B, C u ng. Cu 5: C 4 cht rn trong 4 l ring bit gm NaOH, Al, Mg v Al2O3. Nu ch dng thm mt thuc th phn bit 4 cht trn, thuc th c chn l: A. dd HCl. B. dd HNO3 c, ngui. C. H2O D. dd KOH Cu 6: C 5 dd ng trong 5 l mt nhn l FeCl3, FeCl2, AlCl3, NH4NO3, NaCl. Nu ch c dng mt thuc th nhn bit 5 cht lng trn, ta c th dng dd: A. BaCl2. B. NH3. C. NaOH. D. HCl. Cu 7: C 4 dd ng trong 4 l ho cht mt nhn l NaAlO2, AgNO3, Na2S, NaNO3, nhn bit 4 cht lng trn, ta c th dng: A. dd HCl. B. dd BaCl2. C. dd HNO3. D. CO2 v H2O. Cu 8: lm kh kh amoniac ngi ta dng ho cht l A. vi sng. B. axit sunfuric c. C. ng sunfat khan. D. P2O5. Cu 9: nhn bit 3 dd natri sunfat, kali sunfit v nhm sunfat (u c nng khong 0,1M), ch cn dng mt thuc th duy nht l: A. axit clo hiric. B. qu tm. C. kali hiroxit. D. bari clorua. Cu 10: thu c Al(OH)3 t hn hp bt Al(OH)3, Cu(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, ch cn dng duy nht mt dd l A. dd ammoniac. B. khng th thc hin c. C. dd KOH. D. dd H2SO4 c ngui. Cu 11: C 4 ng nghim b mt nhn, mi ng nghim cha mt trong cc dd HCl, HNO3 , KCl, KNO3. Dng 2 ho cht no trong cc cp ho cht sau y c th phn bit c cc dd trn? A. Giy qu tm v dd Ba(OH)2. B. Dung dch AgNO3 v dd phenolphthalein. C. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 v dd AgNO3. D. Giy qu tm v dd AgNO3. Cu 12: chng t s c mt ca ion NO3- trong dd cha cc ion: NH4+, Fe3+, NO3- ta nn dng thuc th l

A. dd AgNO3. B. dd NaOH. C. dd BaCl2. D. Cu v vi git dd H2SO4c, un nng. Cu 13: loi b tp cht Fe, Cu c trong mu Ag v khng lm thay i lng Ag, ngi ta ngm mu bc ny vo mt lng d dd: A. AgNO3. B. HCl. C. H2SO4 c ngui. D. FeCl3 Cu 14: C 3 l ng 3 cht bt ring bit: Al, Al2O3, Fe. C th nhn bit 3 l trn bng 1 thuc th duy nht l: A. dd NaOH. B. H2O. C. dd FeCl2. D. dd HCl. Cu 15: Cho cc dd: AgNO3, HNO3 c ngui, HCl, H2SO4 long. phn bit 2 kim loi Al v Ag cn phi dng: A. ch mt trong 4 dung dch. B. c 3 dung dch. C. c 4 dung dch. D. ch 2 trong 4 dung dch. Cu 16: C 5 mu kim loi Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, Ag. Ch dng thm mt ho cht bn ngoi l dd H2SO4 long c th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu kim loi trong cc dy sau? A. Ba, Ag, Fe, Mg. B. Ba, Mg, Fe, Al, Ag. C. Ba, Ag. D. Ba, Ag, Fe. Cu 17: lm kh kh H2S, ta c th dng: A. Ca(OH)2. B. CuSO4 khan. C. P2O5. D. CaO. Cu 18: C 4 cht rn ring bit gm natri cacbonat, vi, natri sunfat v thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O). Ch dng H2O v mt kh X c th phn bit c c 4 cht. X l: A. CO2 B. Br2 C. Cl2 D. C A, B, C u ng (Hi) Cu 19: Dung dch X c cha cc ion: NH4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, NO3-. Mt hc sinh dng cc ho cht dd NaOH, dd H2SO4, Cu chng minh s c mt ca cc ion trong X. Kt lun ng l A. Dung dch kim, giy qu B. Hc sinh c th chng minh c s tn ti ca c 4 ion, v Fe2+ v Fe3+ khi tc dng vi kim to kt ta c mu sc khc nhau. C. Hc sinh c th chng minh c s tn ti ca c 4 ion, tu thuc vo trt t tin hnh cc th nghim. D. Hc sinh khng chng minh c s tn ti ca Fe2+ v Fe3+ v chng u to kt ta vi kim. Cu 20: C 4 ng nghim mt nhn, mi ng ng 1 dd Na2CO3, Ba(NO3)2, H2SO4 (long), HCl. C th dng thuc th no sau y nhn bit chng?A. Qu tm. B. dd AlCl3. C. dd phenolphthalein. D. C A, B, C u c. Cu 21: nhn bit trong thnh phn ca kh nit c ln tp cht hiroclorua, ta c th dn kh qua: (1) dd bc nitrat; (2) dd NaOH; (3) nc ct c vi git qu tm; (4) nc vi trong. Phng php ng l: A. ch (1). B. (1); (2); (3); (4). C. (1); (3). D. (1), (2), (3). Cu 22: Thuc th duy nht dng nhn bit NH4NO3, NaNO3, Al(NO3)3, Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3 v Cu(NO3)2 l: A. NaAlO2. B. Na2CO3. C. NaCl. D. NaOH. Cu 23: Mt hc sinh ngh cc cch nhn ra l cha kh NH3 ln trong cc l ring bit cha cc kh N2, O2, Cl2, CO2 l: (1) dng mu giy qu tm t; (2) mu bng tm nc; (3) mu bng tm dd HCl c; (4) mu Cu(OH)2; (5) mu AgCl. Cc cch ng l: A. (1); (3); (4); (5). B. (1); (2); (3); (4); (5). C. (1); (3). D. (1); (2); (3). Cu 24: thu c Al2O3 t hn hp bt Al2O3 v CuO m khi lng Al2O3 khng thay i, ch cn dng mt ho cht l: A. dd NaOH. B. dd NH4Cl. C. dd NH3. D. dd HCl. Cu 25: Ch dng mt dd lm thuc th nhn bit cc dd mui sau: Al(NO3)3, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, NH4NO3, MgCl2, FeCl2 th chn thuc th l: A. NaOH. B. Ba(OH)2. C. BaCl2. D. AgNO3. Cu 26: Tch Ag ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag, Al, Cu, Fe vi khi lng Ag khng i, c th dng cht no sau y? A. dd AgNO3 d. B. dd CuCl2 d. C. dd mui st(III) d. D. dd mui St(II) d. Cu 27: C 3 l mt nhn cha 3 dd ring bit HCl, NaCl, HNO3. Ho cht cn dng v th t thc hin nhn bit cc cht l: A. dng AgNO3 trc, giy qu tm sau. B. ch dng AgNO3. C. dng giy qu tm trc, AgNO3 sau. D. c A, C u ng. Cu 28: Ch dng Na2CO3 c th phn bit c mi dd trong dy dd no sau y?

A. CaCl2, Fe(NO3)2, MgSO4. B. Ca(NO3)2, MgCl2, AlCl3. C. KNO3, MgCl2, BaCl2. D. NaCl, MgCl2, Fe(NO3)3. Cu 29: thu c Ag tinh khit t hn hp bt Ag-Fe, ngi ta dng d ho cht no sau y? A. AgNO3. B. FeCl3. C. CuSO4. D. HNO3 c ngui. Cu 30: C 4 dd ng trong 4 l ho cht mt nhn l (NH4)2SO4, K2SO4, NH4NO3, KOH, nhn bit 4 cht lng trn, ch cn dng dd: A. Ba(OH)2. B. NaOH. C. AgNO3. D. BaCl2. Cu 31: Ch c giy mu m, la, v giy tm dd mui X ngi ta c th phn bit 4 l cha kh ring bit O2, N2, H2S v Cl2 do c hin tng: kh (1) lm tn la chy bng ln; kh (2) lm mt mu ca giy; kh (3) lm giy c tm dd mui X ho en. Kt lun sai l A. kh (1) l O2; X l mui CuSO4. B. X l mui CuSO4; kh (3) l Cl2. C. kh (1) l O2; kh cn li l N2. D. X l mui Pb(NO3)2; kh (2) l Cl2. Cu 32 : C ba dd kali clorua, km sunfat, kali sunfit. Thuc th c th dng nhn bit ba dd trn n gin nht l: A. dd BaCl2. B. dd HCl. C. giy qu tm. D. dd H2SO4. Cu 33: loi c H2SO4 c ln trong dd HNO3, ta dng A. dd Ba(NO3)2 va . B. dd Ba(OH)2. C. dd Ca(OH)2 va . D. dd AgNO3 va . Cu 34: C 5 l ng ring bit cc kh sau: N2, NH3, Cl2, CO2, O2. xc nh l ng kh NH3 ch cn dng thuc th duy nht l: A. qu tm m. B. dd HClc. C. dd Ca(OH)2 . D. c A, B u ng. Cu 35: Ch dng mt thuc th duy nht no sau y phn bit hai kh SO2 v CO2? A. H2O. B. dd Ba(OH)2. C. dd Br2. D. dd NaOH. Cu 36: Ch dng H2O c th phn bit c cc cht trong dy A. Na, Ba, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl. B. Na, K, NH4NO3, NH4Cl. C. Na, K, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl. D. Na, Ba, NH4NO3, NH4Cl. Cu 37: Ch dng duy nht mt dd no sau y tch ly ring Al ra khi hn hp Al, Mg, Ca m khi lng Al khng thay i (gi s phn ng ca Mg, Ca vi axit H2SO4 c, ngui khng thay i ng k nng v khng sinh nhit)? A. dd H2SO4 c ngui. B. dd NaOH. C. dd H2SO4 long. D. dd HCl. Cu 38: lm sch qung boxit thng c ln Fe2O3, SiO2 dng cho sn xut Al ngi ta dng cht no trong s cc cht sau y l tt nht? A. dd NaOH c nng v HCl. B. dd NaOH long v CO2. C. dd NaOH long v dd HCl. D. dd NaOH c nng v CO2. Cu 39: Cho cc dd: FeCl3; FeCl2; AgNO3; NH3; v hn hp NaNO3 v KHSO4. S dd khng ho tan c ng kim loi l: A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 40: t chy Fe trong clo d thu c cht X; nung st vi lu hunh thu c cht Y. xc nh thnh phn cu to v ho tr cc nguyn t trong X, Y c th dng ho cht no sau y? A. dd H2SO4 v dd AgNO3. B. dd HCl, NaOH v O2. C. dd HNO3 v dd Ba(OH)2. D. dd H2SO4 v dd BaCl2. Cu 41: nhn bit 4 dd: Na2SO4, K2CO3, BaCl2, LiNO3 (u c nng khong 0,1M) b mt nhn, ch cn dng mt cht duy nht l: A. natri hiroxit. B. axit sunfuric. C. ch clorua. D. bari hiroxit. Cu 42: C 4 cht rn trong 4 l ring bit gm NaOH, Al, Mg v Al2O3. Nu ch dng thm mt thuc th phn bit 4 cht trn, thuc th c chn lA. dd HCl. B. H2O. C. dd HNO3 c, ngui. D. dd KOH. Cu 43: phn bit cc dd ring bit gm NaCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, CuSO4, KOH ta c th . Hy chn p n ni thm vo phn cn trng sao cho kt lun trn lun ng. A. ch cn dng giy qu tm. B. ch cn Fe kim loi. C. khng cn dng bt k ho cht no. D. c A, B, C u ng. Cu 44: C cc dd Al(NO3)3, NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2, H2SO4. Thuc th phn bit cc dd l A. dd BaCl2. B. dd NaOH. C. dd CH3COOAg. D. qu tm Cu 45: Nu ch dng mt thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dd NaOH, HCl, H2SO4 th chn

A. Zn. B. Na2CO3. C. qu tm. D. BaCO3 Cu 46: Nhin liu no sau y thuc loi nhin liu sch ang c nghin cu s dng thay th mt s nhin liu khc gy nhim mi trng ? A. Than . B. Xng, du. C. Kh butan (gaz) D. Kh hiro. Cu 47: Ngi ta sn xut kh metan thay th mt phn cho ngun nguyn liu ho thch bng cch no sau y ? A. Ln men cc cht thi hu c nh phn gia sc trong l biogaz. B. Thu kh metan t kh bn ao. C. Ln men ng cc. D. Cho hi nc i qua than nng trong l. Cu 48: Mt trong nhng hng con ngi nghin cu to ra ngun nng lng nhn to to ln s dng cho mc ch ho bnh, l : A. Nng lng mt tri. B. Nng lng thu in. C. Nng lng gi. D. Nng lng ht nhn. Cu 49: Loi thuc no sau y thuc loi gy nghin cho con ngi ? A. Penixilin, Amoxilin, heroin, paradol B. Vitamin C, glucoz, cafein, seduxen C. Seduxen, moocphin, cocain, cafein D. Pamin, Panadol, erythromixin, penixilin Cu 50: Cch bo qun thc phm (tht, c) bng cch no sau y c coi l an ton ? A. Dng fomon, nc . B. Dng phn m, nc . C. Dng nc hay p mui ri sy kh. D. dng nc kh, fomon. Cu 51: Trng hp no sau y c coi l khng kh sch ? A. Khng kh cha 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% hn hp CO2, H2O, H2. B. Khng kh cha 78% N2, 18% O2, 4% hn hp CO2, H2O, HCl. C. Khng kh cha 78% N2, 20% O2, 2% hn hp CO2, CH4 v bi. D. Khng kh cha 78% N2, 16% O2, 6% hn hp CO2, H2O, H2. Cu 52: Trng hp no sau y c coi l nc khng b nhim ? A. Nc rung la cha khong 1% thuc tr su v phn bn ho hc. B. Nc thi nh my c cha nng ln cc ion kim loi nng nh Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+. C. Nc thi t cc bnh vin, khu v sinh cha cc khun gy bnh. D. Nc t cc nh my nc hoc nc ging khoan khng cha cc c t nh asen, stqu mc cho php. Cu 53: Sau bi thc hnh ho hc, trong mt s cht thi dng dung dch, cha cc ion : Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Hg2+Dng cht no sau y x l s b cc cht thi trn ? A. Nc vi d. B. HNO3. C. Gim n. D. Etanol.
Cu 54: Kh no sau y gy ra hin tng ma axit ? A. CH4, CO, CO2 B. NH3, C2H2, CH4 O2 C. SO2, CO2, NO, NO2 D. H2, CO2, SO2,

Cu 55: Cht kh CO (cacbon monoxit) c trong thnh phn loi kh no sau y ? A. Khng kh. B. Kh t nhin. C. Kh du m. D. Kh l cao. Cu 56: Trong cng ngh x l kh thi do qu trnh h hp ca cc nh du hnh v tr hay thu th trong tu ngm ngi ta thng dng ho cht no sau y ? A. Na2O2 rn. B. NaOH rn. C. KClO3 rn. D. Than hot tnh. Cu 57: Nhiu loi sn phm ho hc c iu ch t mui n trong nc bin nh : HCl, nc Giaven, NaOH, Na2CO3. Tnh khi lng NaCl cn thit sn xut 15 tn NaOH. Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh l 80%. A. 12,422 tn. B. 17,55 tn. C. 15,422 tn. D. 27,422 tn. Cu 58:. Ancol etylic l sn phm trung gian t sn xut c cao su nhn to, t si tng hp. C th iu ch Ancol etylic bng 2 cch sau : - Cho kh etilen (ly t cracking du m) hp nc c xc tc. - Cho ln men cc nguyn liu cha tinh bt.

Hy tnh lng ng cc cha 65% tinh bt sn xut c 2,3 tn ancol etylic. Bit rng hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 25%. A. 5,4 tn. B. 8,30 tn. C. 1,56 tn. D. 1,0125 tn. Cu 59: C th iu ch thuc dit nm 5% CuSO4 theo s sau : CuS CuO CuSO4
Tnh khi lng dung dch CuSO4 5% thu c t 0,15 tn nguyn liu cha 80% CuS. Hiu sut ca qu trnh l 80%. A. 1,2 tn. B. 2,3 tn. C. 3,2 tn. D. 4,0 tn. Cu 60: nh gi nhim bn khng kh ca mt nh my, ngi ta tin hnh nh sau : Ly 2 lt khng kh ri dn qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th thu c 0,3585 mg cht kt ta mu en. a. Hy cho bit hin tng chng t trong khng kh c kh no trong cc kh sau y ? A. H2S. B. CO2. C. NH3. D. SO2. b. Tnh hm lng kh trong khng kh, coi hiu sut phn ng l 100%. (Nn bit thm : hm lng cho php l 0,01 mg/l). A. 0,0250 mg/l. B. 0,0253 mg/l. C. 0,0225 mg/l. D. 0,0257 mg/l. Cu 61: Kh no sau y c coi l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra hiu ng nh knh? A. CO B. SO2 C. NO2 D. CO2 Cu 62: Cp cht no sau y c dng lm nguyn liu sn xut nha novolac? A. Axetilen v phenol B. Phenol v Fomandehit C. Fomandehit v Etylen D. isoprene v lu hunh Cu 63: Ngi ht thuc l thng mc cc bnh nguy him v ng h hp, cht gy hi ch yu c trong thuc l l? A. Becberin B. Mocphin C. Nicotin D. Axit nicotinie Cu 64: trong cc vt liu sau, vt liu c ngun gc hu c l? A. Gm, x B. Xi mng C. t st D. Cht do Cu 65: Cho nhng cht sau: 1. Cafein 2. Mophin 3. Hassish 4. Amphetamin 5. Nicotin 6. Amoxilin 7. Seduxen Nhng cht gy nghin l? A. 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 7 B. 1; 2; 3; 4; 6 C. 1; 2; 3; 4; 7 D. 2; 3; 4; 6; 7 BI TP TNG HP: Cu 1: xc nh nng cc cht trong dung dch A cha cht tan l Na 2SO4 v H2SO4 ngi ta lm nh sau: - Ly 25 ml dung dch A, nh sn vi git phenolphtalein. Thm t t vo dung dch A mt lng dung dch NaOH 0,01M cho n khi thy dung dch bt u chuyn mu hng th dng li, thy ht 50 ml dung dch. - 25 ml dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d, lc kt ta, sy kh c 0,87375 g cht rn. Nng ca H2SO4 v Na2SO4 tng ng l A. 0,02 M v 0,013M. B. 0,01 M v 0,005M. C. 0,0M v 0,125M. D. 0,01M v 0,015M. Cu 2: Cho cc dung dch mt nhn: Al(NO 3)3, Zn(NO3)2, NaCl, MgCl2. C cc thuc th sau: dung dch NaOH (1); dung dch NH3 (2); dung dch Na2CO3 (3); dung dch AgNO3 (4). nhn ra tng dung dch, c th s dng cc thuc th cc thuc th trn theo th t A. (1) (ly d). B. (2) (ly d), (1). C. (3), (1). D. (4), (3). Cu 3: phn bit 3 dung dch ring bit KCl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl c th dng A. dung dch AgNO3. B. dung dch NaOH. C. dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. dung dch Ba(OH)2. Cu 4: nhn bit s c mt ca cc ion Al 3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ trong dung dch bng phng php ha hc, cn dng t nht my phn ng? A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3 Cu 5: C cc dung dch AlCl3, ZnSO4, FeSO4. Ch cn dng thuc th no sau y c th phn bit c cc dung dch trn? A. Qu tm. B. Dung dch NH3. C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch BaCl2. Cu 6: C 4 dung dch ring bit AlCl 3, KNO3, Na2CO3, NH4Cl. Thuc th c th dng phn bit 4 dung dch trn l A. dung dch Ba(OH)2. B. dung dch NaOH. C. dung dch H2SO4. D. dung dch Ca(OH)2. Cu 7: Chun 50 ml hn hp KOH 0,010M v NaOH 0,005M bng dung dch HCl 0,010M. pH ca dung dch thu c khi thm 74,50 ml v 75,50 ml dung dch HCl l

A. 9,0 v 4,4. B. 9,6 v 4,4. C. 9,0 v 5,0. D. 9,6 v 5,0. Cu 8: C 5 ng nghim ng ring r tng dung dch NaHSO 4, KHCO3, Na2SO3, Ba(HCO3)2, NaCl. Bng dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 c th nhn ra c dung dch A. NaHSO4. B. Na2SO3. C. KHCO3. D. NaHSO4 v Na2SO3. Cu 9: Thc cht, cc phn ng chun trong phng php chun axit-baz l A. phn ng trung ha. B. phn ng oxi ha-kh. C. phn ng th. D. phn ng ha hp. Cu 10: Nguyn tc nhn bit mt ion trong dung dch l dng A. thuc th to vi ion mt sn phm kt ta, bay hi hoc c s thay i mu. B. phng php t nng th mu ngn la. C. phng php nhit phn to kt ta. D. phng php thch hp to ra s bin i v trng thi, mu sc t cc ion trong dung dch. Cu 11: S chun l A. s o th tch dung dch thuc th c nng bit. B. xc nh nng ca dung dch tc dng vi thuc th. C. s tin hnh phn ng xc nh nng ca dung dch. D. s o th tch dung dch thuc th v xc nh nng dung dch tc dng. Cu 12: Ch dng thm cht no sau y c th phn bit c cc oxit: Na 2O, ZnO, CaO, MgO? A. C2H5OH. B. H2O. C. dung dch HCl. D. dung dch CH3COOH. Cu 13: Chun 50 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 1,00.10 -3M v Ca(OH)2 2,00.10-3M bng dung dch HCl 5,00.10-3M. pH ca hn hp sau khi thm 49,95 ml dung dch HCl l A. 10,6 B. 9,4 C. 4,6 D. 5,4 Cu 14: C 2 dung dch AlCl3 v NaOH. Cch no sau y khng nhn ra c tng dung dch ? A. t t dung dch AlCl3 vo dung dch NaOH. B. Cho t t dung dch tc dng vi NH3. C. Cho tng d tc dng vi dung dch Na2CO3. D. Cho tng dung dch tc dng vi H2SO4. Cu 15: nhn bit ion Fe2+ khng dng ion A. OH-/khng kh . B. NH3/khng kh. C. SCN-. D. MnO4-. Cu 16: Khi lng H2C2O4.2H2O (M= 126,067 g/mol) cn ly pha c 100 ml dung dch chun H 2C2O4 0,01M l A. 0,063 gam. B. 0,73 gam. C. 0,36 gam. D. 0,37 gam. Cu 17: phn bit cc kh ring bit NH3, CO2, O2, H2S c th dng A. nc v giy qu tm. B. dung dch Ca(OH)2 v giy qu tm. C. giy qu tm m v tn m chy d. D. giy qu tm v giy tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Cu 18: Khi chun etanol bng dung dch K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng axit xy ra phn ng sau 3CH3CH2OH + K2Cr2O7 + 4H2 SO4 3CH3CHO + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O chun 10 ml mu th c hm lng etanol l 1,38 g / ml th th tch dung dch K 2Cr2O7 0,005M cn dng l (ml) A. 25 B. 20 C. 15 D. 10 Cu 19: Cho cc cht bt Al, Mg, Fe, Cu. phn bit cc cht bt trn ch cn dng t nht my thuc th? A. 3 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 20: Thm 40,00 ml dung dch HCl 0,01M vo 100ml dung dch NaOH th pH dung dch thu c bng 10,00. pH dung dch thu c bng 4,00 th th tch dung dch HCl cn thm vo l (ml) A. 42,80. B. 2,80. C. 38,00. D. 38,20. Cu 21: nhn bit cc dung dch ring bit NH4HSO4, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl, NaCl, H2SO4 c th dng thm A. dung dch HNO3. B. dung dch Ca(OH)2. C. dung dch AgNO3. D. giy qu tm.

Cu 22: C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Al, Fe, Ag. Ch dng thm dung dch H 2SO4 long th s kim loi c th nhn ra l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 23: Cho cc dung dch axit HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 v H3PO4 c th dng A. bt Cu. B. dung dch AgNO3. C. bt Cu v dung dch AgNO3. D. Cu v CaCl2. Cu 24: Chun 50 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 1,00.10-3M v Ca(OH)2 2,00.10-3M bng dung dch HCl 5,00.10-3M. pH ca hn hp sau khi thm 50,05 ml dung dch HCl l A. 5,824 B. 6,176 C. 7,176 D. 8,824. Cu 25: Cho 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha 1 cation trong s: NH4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+.

C th nhn ra tng cation bng 1 dung dch (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), hin tng l A. to kh v to kt ta. B. to cc kt ta c mu khc nhau. C. to kt ta c mu khc nhau trong khng kh v kh nng tan trong thuc th d khc nhau. D. to kh, to kt ta c mu khc nhau v kh nng tan trong thuc th d khc nhau. Cu 26: Chun dung dch CH 3COOH bng dung dch chun NaOH. Ti im tng ng, pH ca dung dch l A. > 7. B. < 7. C. = 7. D. khng xc nh c. Cu 27: Cho 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha 1 cation trong s: NH4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+. C th nhn ra tng cation bng 1 dung dch (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) A. H2SO4. B. NaOH. C. NH3. D. NaSCN. Cu 28: C 5 ng nghim ng ring r tng dung dch NaHSO4, KHCO3, Na2SO3, Ba(HCO3)2, NaCl. Bng cch un nng c th nhn ra ngay dung dch A. KHCO3. B. NaHSO4. C. Na2SO3. D. Ba(HCO3)2. Cu 29: Cho 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha 1 cation trong s: Al3, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2. C th nhn ra tng cation bng 1 dung dch A. Na2CO3. B. NaOH. C. NH3. D. NaSCN. Cu 30: C 5 dung dch cha tng cht ring r sau: BaCl 2, Ba(HCO3)2, K2SO3, K2S, KCl. Ngi ta cho tng dung dch tc dng vi thuc th H2SO4 long th c cc hin tng sau (1) khng c hin tng g. (2) to kt ta. (3) to kh khng mu. (4) to kh lm mt mu dung dch brom. (5) to kh, kh to kt ta vi dung dch CuCl2. S cht ti a c th phn bit c l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 31: nhn bit ion Ba2+ khng dng ion A. SO42-. B. S2-. C. CrO42-. D. Cr2O72-. 2+ 3+ Cu 32: phn bit Fe v Fe khng dng thuc th A. NH3. B. NaSCN. C. KMnO4/H2SO4. D. H2SO4 (long). Cu 33: Mt dung dch FeSO4 (A) lu trong khng kh b oxi ha mt phn thnh Fe 2(SO4)3. Chun 25,00 ml dung dch A trong H2SO4 ht 50,00 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,0100M. Nu ly 25,00 ml dung dch A, kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+ ri thm H2SO4 v chun bng KMnO4 th ht 40,00 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,016M. Nng ca FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 trong A l (M) A. 1,2 v 1,8. B. 1,2 v 0,04. C. 0,12 v 0,08. D. 0,12 v 0,04. Cu 34: phn bit Al3+ v Zn2+ khng dng thuc th A. NH3. B. NaOH. C. Na2CO3. D. Na2S. Cu 35: im tng ng trong phng php chun axit-baz l c s A. i mu ca cht ch th. B. thay i v trng thi cht tng ng vi ion chun . C. thay i t ngt v gi tr pH. D. thay i mu ca dung dch. Cu 36: phn bit CO2 v SO2 khng dng thuc th A. Dung dch Br2. B. Dung dch I2 C. Dung dch nc vi. D. Dung dch H2S. Cu 37: C 4 dung dch cha ring r tng cht: AlCl3, CrCl3, ZnCl2, MgCl2. nhn ra tng dung dch ngi ta lm cc th nghim sau: (1) Cho tc dng vi dung dch nc brom. (2) Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ti d. (3) Cho tc dng vi dung dch NH3 t t n d. Th t th nghim xc nh c dung dch CrCl3 l A. 1, 2. 3. B. 2, 1. C. 2, 3, 1. D. 3, 2, 1. Cu 38: C 6 gi bt: CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, MnO2, Ag2O, v Fe + FeO. Ch dng thm dung dch HCl, c th nhn ra c s gi ng tng cht l A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 38b. C 6 gi bt: CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, MnO2, Ag2O, v Fe + FeO nhn ra tng gi bt, cn quan st cc hin tng l A. s to kh. B. s to kt ta. C. mu ca sn phm. D. c A, B, C. Cu 39: Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,05 M cn chun ht 50 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,02M v H2SO4 0,01M l A. 30ml. B. 40ml. C. 50 ml. D. 60 ml. Cu 40: Dng thuc th no sau y c th phn bit c dung dch Fe 2(SO4)3 v dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 c ln FeSO4? A. Dung dch KMnO4/H2SO4. B. Dung dch NaOH. C. Dung dch NH3. D. Dung dch Ba(OH)2. Cu 41: Cho 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha 1 cation trong s: Al3, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2+. C th nhn ra cation Zn2+ bng 1 dung dch vi hin tng quan st c l A. to kt ta, sau kt ta tan trong thuc th d. B. to kt ta mu trng. C. to kt ta, kt ta tan trong thuc th d thnh dung dch khng mu. D. to kt ta, kt ta tan trong thuc th d thnh dung dch khng mu. Cu 42: Bn cht ca phng php chun axit-baz l phn ng A. trao i. B. trung ha. C. phn tch. D. oxi ha-kh. Cu 43: Ha tan a gam FeSO4.7H2O vo nc c dung dch X. Khi chun dung dch X cn dng 20 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,05M (c H2SO4 long lm mi trng). Gi tr ca a l(g) A. 1,39 B. 2,78. C. 1,93. D. 2,87. Cu 44: C 5 dung dch cha tng cht ring r sau: BaCl 2, Ba(HCO3)2, K2SO3, K2S, KCl. Ngi ta cho tng dung dch tc dng vi thuc th H2SO4 long th c cc hin tng sau (1) khng c hin tng g. (2) to kt ta. (3) to kh khng mu. (4) to kh lm mt mu dung dch brom. (5) to kh, kh to kt ta vi dung dch CuCl2 Hin tng xc nh Ba(HCO3)2 l A. to kt ta. B. to kh khng mu. C. to kh, to kt ta vi dung dch CuCl2. D. to kt ta v kh khng mu. Cu 45: C 2 dung dch HCl v Na2CO3. Cch no sau y khng xc nh c tng dung dch ? A. t t dung dch ny vo dung dch kia. B. Cho tng dung dch tc dng vi dung dch CaCl2. C. Cho tng dung dch tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3. D. Cho tng dung dch tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 Cu 46: Ha tan 1,0 gam qung crom trong axit, oxi ha Cr3+ thnh Cr2O72-. Sau khi phn hy ht lng d cht oxi ha, pha long dung dch thnh 100 ml. Ly 20 ml dung dch ny cho vo 25 ml dung dch FeSO4 trong H2SO4. Chun lng d FeSO4 ht 7,50 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,0150M. Bit rng 25 ml FeSO4 tng ng vi 35 ml dung dch K2Cr2O7. Thnh phn % ca cro trong qung l A. 10,725% B. 21,45%. C. 4,29%. D. 2,145%. Cu 47: C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Al, Fe, Ag. nhn ra kim loi Fe, s hin tng ti thiu quan st c l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. + + + 2+ 3+ 2+ Cu 48: Cho cc ion Na , K , NH4 , Ba , Al , Ca . S ion c th nhn bit bng th mu ngn la l A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 49: C 5 l mt nhn ng cc dung dch: NaNO3, CuCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3, NH4Cl. C th dng dung dch no sau y nhn bit dung dch trn? A. Dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch AgNO3. C. Dung dch H2SO4. D. Dung dch Na2CO3.