CCH S DNG S HOOCNER

CCH LM C TH KHI S DNG S HOOCNER

**Cng dng:

Dng chia mt a thc bc n c dng anxn + an-1xn-1 ++a0 cho biu thc (x-a)
Li dng kh nng chia a thc nhanh chng, s Hoc-ne thng c dng nhiu nht
trong vic gii phng trnh bc 3 (hay bc cao hn), khi ta bit c mt nghim ca
phng trnh ( cho hay t nhm)
Cch chia:
Nu khng dng s hoc-ne, bn vn c th dng php chia a thc bnh thng hc
lp 8 thc hin vic chia a thc. Ngoi ra, nu k, bn s khm ph ra mt iu
th v rng s Hoc-ne c hnh thnh t cch chia a thc kinh in m bn hc.
**Gi s ta c a thc x3 + 2x2 5x - 6. By gi, ta mun chia a thc ny cho biu
thc (x-2). Ta ln lt thc hin cc bc sau:
!/ Ln lt vit cc h s ca a thc ln mt hng ngang, v s a nm bn tri, nh bng
sau:(vi b0=a0,cc b khc tm bng cu thn ch: Ly u nhn trc ,cng trn )
a0 =1
a1=2
a2 =-5
a3 =-6
a=2
b 0 = a0 = 1
b1= 2.1+2 = 4
b2 = 2.4+(-5)= 3
b3 = 2.3 + ( 6) = 0
y, c mt lu nh: V bn chia cho a thc (x-2) nn s a l 2, nu a thc chia l

(x+2) th s a phi l -2 v x (-2) =

Bn hy nh cu thn ch: "Ct u em xung". V s 1 ng u, ta em s 1 xung
hng di(b0 = a0 = 1)
S 1 chy xung di, thy s 2, lin chy n m s 2. Ta ly 2*1. Hai a ny chung
vn thy bun, nn n chy ln hng trn, ko h s tip theo xung. By gi, ta c
2*1+2=4.(Ly u nhn trc ,cng trn ) Ta em s 4 ny xung hng di
Tng t, ta xem s a nh mt c gi p, mi s mi hng di l mt chng trai. Mi
chng trai mi xut hin hng di u chy n m c gi p (s a, trong v d ny
l s 2), ri nhy ln trn, cng vi h s trn to thnh mt s mi hng di. C
tip tc nh th cho n s cui cng.
(4*2-5=3 ta vit h s 3 hng di) (3*2-6=0)
Cui cng, ta c (x3+2x25x-6):(x-2)=(x2+4x+3)
Hay:(x3+2x25x-6)=(x-2).(x2+4x+ 3)
a thc thng s c bc nh hn a thc b chia l 1, v a thc thng nhn vi
biu thc (x-a) s ra biu thc b chia.
By gi, gi s yu cu gii phng trnh bc ba: x3 + 5x2 + 2x -8 =0,ta lm nh sau:
Cch 1: Bm my (hoc tnh tng cc h s nhm nghim)
Cch 2:Ta thy phng trnh trn c 1 nghim x=1 ( th x=1 vo biu thc trn s thy a
thc =0).Sau khi nhm c nghim x=1,ta chia a thc (x3+5x2+2x-8)cho (x-1). Dng
s Horner nh sau:
a0 =1
a1=5
a2 =2
a3 =-8
a=1
b 0 = a0 = 1
b1= 1.1+5 = 6
b2 = 1.6+2 = 8
b3 = 1.8 + ( 8) = 0
3
2
2
Ta c: x + 5x + 2x -8 = (x-1)(x +6x+8).By gi, ta ch vic gii phng trnh bc
hai x2+6x+8=0, bn s d dng tm c 2 nghim cn li l x2=-2 v x3=-4
Vy, ta ktlun phng trnh cho c 3 nghim: x1 = 1; x2=-2, x3=-4
Lu trong vic gii pt nu lm ng th s cui cng ca hng th 2 phi l s 0, nu
khc s 0 th ngha l bn c ch no lm sai, nn coi k li.

4/25/2013 2:17:11 a4/p4 Bin son : C Th Ngc Mai chc cc em t kt qu tt!

CCH S DNG S HOOCNER

S HOOCNER

Dng my 570 nhm nghim,sau dng Hoc-n l OK

Nhm nghim : ly c chung ca s cui chia cho s u l c, sau th li vo
phng trnh. a s cc phng trnh l m nghim kiu .
VD: Phng trnh bc 4 : x4+2x3+x2 -2x -2.
_u tin l phi m ra c nghim ca phng trnh bng cch ly c ca d/a, nhng
trong VD ny th bn c th thy ngay nghim ca phng ny l 1.
_n y th tt qu ri, khi m c nghim th dng lc hoocne phn tch .
+Bn ly cc h s a,b,c,d... nh sau 1 2 1 -2 -2
+V in gi tr nghim bn m c 1 1 3 4 2 0
+Tip theo l h gi tr a xung( y l 1)
+Ly a nhn vi nghim ri cng vi b
+Tng t ly b nhn vi nghim v cng vi c, ri c nhn vi nghim cng vi d...
+Nu gi tr cui cng l 0 th bn lm ng ri.
_Cui cng ch vic ly cc gi tr trn v h bc phng trnh bc 4 trn c :
(x-1)( x3+3x2+4x+2)

4/25/2013 2:17:11 a4/p4 Bin son : C Th Ngc Mai chc cc em t kt qu tt!