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2 / S % G1 " , ( % , % S * 2 2 /& ; W > &2 / : = >,? N( * & 6K 2 N/ VS %=UD N( *
&2 3" NYQ ' ETM 2002 % S ' / Z" 2 D P ': N.Y H) N, D P ': % S * 2 2 NYQ ' / X % S /&: ,
% * 2 S & . '? +D& N, % % S *2 , \' =B 0 & N.Y 2& / I !" : 2 P ' K ILWIS 3.0 =B 0 [ X'
% S * 2 & % /\ M/ D B N & & . ` / 2 N/=U" a/ . /& ; & 2? , USLE _ ' & K ^' 1 : & D , ] 9 % /\ M/ D B
% N 9&2 N ;& :: " 41 M/ D B N, +4 S * 2 / " 02 Y' " / " < * . & dS , % & 3' bc 9 C2 ' %
+B ,? 2 3" ' N GB f2 >' , / , N GB f2 >' , / , +B ,? , / , % Ne / & N ;& , / , D N 8M/? % N 9&2 N ;& ,]2 '
MS2T / %SN " : P , ' %: 2 . 2 M/? % , ^' P h" )1 N % N 9&2 N ;& 6' L +/ / ' 2 ] 9 +g * .]2 '
.+D
( % , 8N/ VS %=UD , D P ': ,M/ D B N, + D * , : ' ()

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; i ; C iL & Ni, di S i ; MiP 2 iJ? & ' YB j , 1 : 2 1 :% 9 ' . &
2 d Y i ' N ; N, +J 9& 8& P ' / & ] 9 M/ D B k1 , N 3 45 ^' 1 , 2c1 . N B / M/ D B
0 & * : M , 2 0 - S &2: % e S+ J 3B / N!)L : .+D N P & ] 9 M/ D B & / P jl" d Y ' /
.( $ 8& T K i,) iP , i' 1 : % S ': P \; M/? 2 W? d 2 H.9 I5 ' & T/ , S^- L 2 6" ' &

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i" i' 8 iP , NL " ^, K 2 q>.' % /\ M/ D B = ' 2 ': : & D o + .' d D Np e
: 2_ i M/ iD B C iP : L i" ^i, K =i ' 8 i( : s Xi % & , ,2 / / ' % P2 Nr ,
D D % SN ': 1 N, " 2& 9D ': 2 D P ': % S / .+D = >,? % SN( * S , D
Ni ! & 2 i ; i' K NL " & ' Q X' + /: % B & 3 45 % B tL 2 %u J B ' ru % S 9 D
w i ; 8Ni/ 2 / i , i/: C i Dl" ,%: 2 i. 8 3 % SvQK 8 S ;+ GD M /=; 2 %& Z K % * 5
i , 2 i( i/ +9 iP 0 i1 +i!1 N, N Dl ' ' . & ; D , +K& N, / , ': % , 2 % P 6' L
C i1c5 % 2?& i; .&2 i' +iD& : ] 9 M/ D B j & ( / : ) ' M>, 8 ? : J % & ,
/ iSNi' , i ': / / i' % S%T" D 2 g * % P2 & 4 , 2 ] 9 M/ D B = ' & ' & )5 ^, K
& % /\i i t" : % i)1 M>, . P , M/ D B Y' 2 C P , & I K& 2 3K 2 C 1c5 , 4' N +D
.& P ' f , ' % J 3B 2 ': MP 8%u J J & C2 " N, ] 9 M/ D B
] i9 M/ iD B i L NJ& 3' & 2 & , M/ D B ^, Y' & ] 9 & 3 D 2 % /\ v D? ,% /\ M/ D B
N! iD2 Ni, Ni +iD iP & & . K B N! D2 N, ^' 1 / z(RUSLE) ? P yc NJ& 3' 2 x(USLE)
% i, , 9 =, 1 N, p)S 2 P & D W D _Y ,M % , K B .&& ; ' & 2? , b ; )
M/ iD B v/ ( N4D X' % , ( $ ) ; ' .( 8Dongsheng 2 Xuezheng) &2 ' N, ': D M/ '?
(W 2 {iJ , $ A) iG)S 2 i E iB .+iD & i & iD ( / )i./2 b ; ) ) B / : ] 9 % /\
iD , USLE _ i' & K v/ ( , J : *2 ' 2 W e = >,? : * % S : D M/ D B N, + D *
K iP W i L & 6iK 2 i!- L * i & RUSLE _ ' & (K) % /\ M/ D B /& Y' (A##$) Igwe . &
2 i!- L 8%: 2 i. i( ^' P % , o ND & ] 9 % /\ M/ D B (A## ) Celik .& 2? +D& N, N/ U
+4i i q>i.' K B /& Y' %2 a/ I45 .& D , N " W L %N / ' C 1 " & 3" '
% /\i M/ iD B MS2Ti i/ & .+D & , , , 2& = ' N, 3" ' % S ': N, %: 2 . ( % /\ v D?
. /& ; & 2? , &2 / : = >,? : * : .>, & D P ': 2 ( % ,

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: N P , ' &2 / : = >,? N( * & 6K 2 %=UD N/ VS N( * /: : .>, N3J Q' & ' NYQ '
& ' NYQ ' .&& ; ' &2 X' &2 / : N 9&2 N, W L +)D : 2 ,| 2 P ' C 1 " N, _ )P % D
A - / B tL _ 5 % & 2 N B ; K D P ~ P % ' ! @# & GS # / +* ' , N3J Q'
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1- Universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE


2- Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, RUSLE
& ; D NL & /$ N | D C * NL & - '. P, ' ' 2 A#A# v " " N, NYQ ' / & / & sQD
. P , ' & D H.9 u 4'? w2 < D , NYQ ' d !K .&& ; ' ' ! ' / , ‚J , N | D ; , - '2
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2 [/ P 2 +* ' 8+ )S N, NL " , .( $ 8 D %: 2 . & L) S NU / 2 N4 8 K te
.( ^GP) B ; K D , & ' M/? 2 ]2 ' 8 / , 86" ' % S% , 8I YX" / & & L ' C G'

( % , N.Y ^GP

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& ' H G " N, ? % " % S * 2 : H/ S N +D P D ' 2& ƒ; 2 ' ^' P % >4" C , D
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N i. i t5 2 ,c iD % iSNi 9&2 [iD " N /& ; ^ G." D `G/ " ' & & !K N D C, D
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% iL i, ,c D % SN 2 SNS ,? ' & 2 NYQ ' % SN 9&2 , & SWc D / L 2 / P % S ; ,
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: i' #2 ## 8 @ A y QiD &) 92 i; ' % Ne / & % SN ;& : & 7( 24 4 ,
2 % 2? i.K Hi/ .&: iD ' P2 N P\; & N1 )U' / W? y QD N +D / SW? ‡ & - , ( / & sQD
2 i i'? & iL , 0 iD 2& i9 2 &ƒ; ' C , D N ' & N & & MP SN ;& / %2 ,c D
- i , & i' = W ' p; & 3' 3, & ' : % &2 S %& /: G) 2 p; % S_ / % &
. ; ' K% & ,
2 < : ^Gi. ' / iS /c i/ iSNi C i N, N3J Q' & ' NYQ ' = ' : / SM>, :0 : 4 ,
% SMGS: 2 & , | , h 4 C , D / & ': /: % ,? sQD .+D P S g H) %2 * + D % S+! D
.+D P * ? & ': /: % ,? .GS: ˆ ' N, %& 3 '
& SN 7B f2 >' ^ 7." . N B ; K C 1 " N P * & N +D / SN . ^' P : % < = ; 4 ,
O 7Q %2 : )„ qJ 9 %2 N„ * & " 41 N, / v P d„ I5 ' & B ,? & ' % \-, D NU
.( $ , E B 2 % )* ) & ; ' 0 U P , ^)* 2

% " %SN. M N.Y A ^GP

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USLE K> ?5 $ @ 0A " B2 6 .C : ,
G/= B ^' 1 2 (K) ] 9 % /\ M/ D B ^' 1 , , 9 - 4)S " G)S 2 / )./2
& ' Y' 8( ' ! ' A " 2 7 ' ##) ND ' & 8( 2 7 ' ## " A) =/ ! 9 ND ' ++! D & 3/ ] 9
8ND ' & 8=/ ! 9 ND ' ++! D & 8^' 1 / , . & 2? +D& N, ] 9 % /\ Š 2 ) 9 D 8 J?
‹ ) ' )" & % /\ Š Y' 2 (% ' D A#) ] 9 XQD N/| & ) 9 D 2 ] 9 J? & ' Y'
^GP) ( $ A , S B ) & N( 1 + 9 / <D , % & ) -.S2T / .& P ' % ; : ]9
$# : M , +' >( , NYQ ' " % SN . 2 ( % , % /\ M/ D B D , % , I YX" / & .($
2% ;: ? {! >' ^' 1 2 P & D (b ; ) ) USLE NQ, & K ^' 1 : 8] 9 MP ' D
] 9 MP Np e N Y 3' & ) I YX" ./ D B % S /? B %2 ,N ! >' YYX' . /& ; S& )
+D ] 9 C Z9 P , ( ' D $# " A : M ,) & /: +' >( % & D P ': & ' %2 ,& L '
% S ;T/2 ( ' D $# " A : ) ) P , d ] 9 +' >( Np e 2 & & jl" NYQ ' M/ D B %2 ,N
- ' % & ' & ' jl" +X" NYQ ' M/ D B / , , 2 & & d Y ' jl" ] 9 C Z9 & N +D % & ' & '
8% " % SN . & P * % S^ B2 2 3 45 65 Y' D , , NYQ ' : N J2 % S /&: , 5 . P,
% /\ M/ D B 3" + L USLE NQ, & K ^' 1 / , , /& ; & 2? , ' D $# : M , ] 9 +' >(
. P & D SN .

USLE _ ' & K ^' 1 , /: $ ^GP

0 GF 59 07 , @ D ./ ; ,
C1 " % : , L J )P & ' , : #### B ; " N.Y %2 , N3J Q' & ' NYQ ' &2 X' ,
ˆ & & L : ' 2 NYQ ' N, C , D + * '<D , = &2 X' , K P : ' 2 N 9&2 +)D N,
WŠ - / Z" 2 :@#### / S % G1 ).e " : & D , NYQ ' ( % , N.Y . P N B ;

7
% S /&: , 5 S: ' s XZ" : ` 2 N " ETM 2002 % S ' / Z" : (@ 8$ 8A % S , v ") x(FCC)
D P ': N.Y . /& ; ' K ILWIS 3.0 =B 0 & 2 z(GIS) / B tL C 1c5 N ' D & / X
NYQ ' ETM 2002 % S ' / Z" : S: ' s XZ" + L 2 P ' K \' =B 0 [D " NYQ ' : #####
2 N .; I !" / B tL C 1c5 N ' D & '? +D& N, D P ': 2 ( % , N.Y 2& . /& ; & D
& % /\ M/ D B N4D X' ˆ ' N, ] 9 : % & , N ) .(@ ^GP) P ^ G." % % S *2 v " " / ,
]9: B& Z" % & , N ) N, 0 K N5 , ' * 2 o " N, NL " , % * 2 S & .+B ; C S *2 /
ND ' & 8(ND ' 2 +! D) +B , ^' P K B & 2? , + L : & ' / ) P 2 7/= B % S t ' . /& ;
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: , % ./ ':? 5 & % J " W 2 N ' & D , , b ; ) / & % /\ Š <c„ . P N4D X' !„ 2
':? : C 1c5 ^ !X" 2 N/=U" ˆ ' N, . /& ; q>.' XQD N/| D , , = ] 9 ) 9 D . '? +D& N,
. P & D SPSS 11.5 =B 0 & G& ':? 2 ` / 2 N/=U"

HA I @7 4
i, Ni3J Q' & i' NYQ ' & N S& ' . & H/ % & 3' sQD , ` / 2 ^ !X" : ^ * a/
{i! >' % S i* 2 % /\i M/ D B - ' .& & & L2 & 3' bc 9 {! >' % % S * 2 % /\ M/ D B
+iB ,? , / i, % Ne / & N ;& , / , D N 8M/? % N 9&2 N ;& ,]2 ' % N 9&2 N ;& J2= v " " N,
.( ^GP) +D ]2 ' +B ,? 2 3" ' N GB f2 >' , / , N GB f2 >' , / ,
% N 9&2 % SN ;& N, f , ' % % S * 2 & % /\ M/ D B • * '? +D& N, a/ I45
% N 9&2 % SN ;& .& & +Y, Q' (A##$) G)S 2 Sowers a/ , N„ ( ^GP) +D & , M/? 2 ]2 '
-M/ D B . P 'W X' /\ M/ D B , 8d < Y' 2 . ) D 8+ 4•" 0 1 8 & , + D ^ J& N,
M/ D B 2 W 2 M/ =B .& & +Y, Q' = ( ) Harden a/ , ]2 ' 2 M/? % S % , & & /: % /\
% ': , N / Y' & ': . , P & .B 2 J? & ' = ' P ) N, M/? 2 ]2 ' % ': & ] 9
, N GB f2 >' N . N, % /\ M/ D B ^K * /& Y' .(A## ,Miller2 Zehetner) ' H) P +.
& /: M/ D B , 4' (A## ) G)S 2 Duiker a/ , N +B ; I!3" ]2 ' +B ,? N . 2 6" ' % ,
: .+ & N 7B f2 >' 2 B ,? N . & /: % /\ Š " ' N!Œ ' / +!1 .& & C / t' B ,? N .
N +D j•' ' / & 3" ' ( & ] 9 / ) P 2 G/= B % S ;T/2 & 4 , & S ; MP MY B 5
.& & +Y, Q' = ( ) Fullen a/ ,

- False Color Composite, FCC


$- Geographic Information System, GIS

8
• • S * 2 N.Y @ ^GP

0.8
0.7 a
0.6
b b
0.5 bc bc
0.4
(t hr/MJ mm)

cd
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0

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6" ' /, /, ]2 ' M/?

% % S * 2 & % /\ M/ D B ^GP

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D F2 ( @7 :
%: 2 . % , ^' P h" )1 NYQ ' % N 9&2 % SN ;& 8 ( * I YX" : '? +D , a/ < D ,
N " & / , ,. P ' N P \; M/? +J * N, " ' ? & & L ' % S+/&2 X' < D , N P, '
? & & L ' % S% , 2 % N 9&2 % SN . 8 P , ˆ ' ( % , „ 2 SN . % /\ M/ D B C P
2 G/= B % ;T/2 & 4 , . ; K ] 9 +g * / L % * 5 +/ J2 & / , M/? +X" ( N!)L :
f Y -/& & N, .' C Y YX" 0 U .+D I YX" / q>.' a/ : = S ; MP M/ =B , ] 9 / ) P
+D& N, a/ N / Y' ˆ ' N, ( % , 2% " % SN . / D M/ D B N, + D * N ': & .
. P , ' MS2T / % SN " : c % S GS 2 , " 2 %& , [, 2 N, , D& 2 -/ G/ , '?

J
(x‘’“) 8 " -. & C . 8" " „ 2& % S : D" 8(C & D) 8 E B 2 ( *) 8% )* .x
( $ ) 8: P -. & C . 8" L2 / % 9 % B tL" 8( U') 8& T K , .z
(x‘’’) 8"N/ VS NYQ ' r &= , , y 5" 8 D %: 2 . & L .‘
( $ A) 8 ˆ / U" , 0 e ” e 8 " -. & C . 8" ? _ 2 ,? M/ D B" 8( !Y *) 8 S B .@
W i e =i >,? : i* & M/ iD B Ni, S : iD + iD *" ({iJ ) 8(d/ ') 8o : 2 (&2 B) 8 / P 8(C & D) 8 E B .•
( $ A) ,$ $$ :(@) 8 3 45 6, ' & ; : D 2 MS2T N!U' 8" ' 2
2 M/ iD B Ni, +4i iD P i': % S : D + D * D ," (W) 8(d/ ') 8_ 4K w 9 o : 2 (C & D) 8 E B .–
(x‘“z) ,‘“x ‘–• :(@) •– 8 / 3 45 6, ' N!U' 8" J = >,? : * & W D J "
( $ ) 8% ( < K D? C . 8 & = !1 ' N)L " 8"] 9 +g * 2 M/ D B" 8( D. . ?) 8 ; ' .

8. Celik, I.(2005). Land-use effects on oganic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern
Mediterranean Highland of Turkey, Soil & Tillage Research, 83: 270-277.
9. Duiker, S.W., Flanagan, D.C. and Lal, R. (2001). Erodibility and infiltration characteristics of five
major soils of southwest Spain, Journal of Catena, 45(2): 103-121.
10. Fullen, M.A. (1998). Effects of grass Ley Set-Aside on runoff, erosion and organic matter levels in
sandy soils in east Shropshire, UK. Soil and Tillage Research, 46: 43-51.
11. Harden, C. (1988). Mesoscale estimation of soil erosion in the Rio Ambato Drainage, Ecuadorian
Sierra, Mt. Res. Dev. 8: 331–341.
12. Igwe, C.A. (2003). Erodibility of soils of the upper rainforest zone, southeastern Nigeria, Journal
of Land Degradation and Development, 14:323-334.
13. Sowers, J.M., Pearce, J.T. and Littis, W. (2003). Geomorphology of the Historical Silver Creek
Watershed, Walnut Creek, 925: 256-607.
14. Xuezheng, S. and Dongsheng, Y. (1999). Measurement of erodibility for soils in subtropical China
by simulated and natural rainfall, international soil conservation organization meeting held at
Purdue university.
15. Zehetner, F. and Miller, W.P. (2006). Erodibility and runoff-infiltration characteristics of volcanic
ash soils along an altitudinal climosequence in the Ecuadorian Andes, Journal of Catena, 65:
201-213.

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