1: (, );

: (, ),
x1 x2 (, ) f(x1) < f(x2), x1
< x2.
2: (, );
: (, ),
x1 x2 (, ) f(x1) > f(x2), x1
< x2.
:
, x.
: f: (, ).
(i) f(x) > 0, x(, ), f (, ).
(ii) f(x) < 0, x(, ), f (, ).
: . (
f f(x) > 0)
: f(x) = 0 f .
: ,
.
3: f x = x0;
: f x = x0,
(, ) x0, f(x)f(x0), x(,
).
4: f x = x0;
: f x = x0,
(, ) x0, f(x)f(x0), x(,
).
(Fermat): f
x0 , f(x0) = 0.
: . (
f(x0) = 0 x0 )
5: Fermat.
: f x0
, f(x0) = 0.

f,
:
133

(i) f.
(ii) f
f. f.
(iii) f
f .
f.
6: ;
: f
f .
7: ;
: f.
1 : f: (, ) x0
.
(i) f(x) > 0 (, x0) f(x) < 0 (x0, ), f(x0)
f.
(ii) f(x) < 0 (, x0) f(x) > 0 (x0, ), f(x0)
f.
(iii) f(x) (, x0) (x0, ),
f(x0) f (, ).
: 1
.
:
f
, .
f
, .
f
, .
f
, .
2 : f: x0
f. f x0,
x0 f(x0) < 0, x0 f(x0) > 0.
:

. ,
.
8:
:
) .
) .
134

) .
-
1. .
i. f(x) = 3x + 5

ii. f(x) = -3x +

iii. f(x) = 2x2 4x + 2

iv. f(x) = -3x2 5x + ln2

v. f(x) = 3x2 1

vi. f(x) = - x2 + 6x + 8

vii. f(x) = - 4(x2 + 1) + 16x 9

2. .
i. f(x) = -2x3 + 6x + 2
iii. f(x) =

ii. f(x) = 4x3 12x + 2006

2x3
+ 8x 5
3

iv. f(x) = x3 + 5x 1

v. f(x) = 1 2x x3

vi. f(x) = -x3 + 3x2 + 1

vii. f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 5

viii. f(x) =

ix. f(x) = -x3 6x2 + 4

x. f(x) = x3 6x2 + 9x + 1

xi. f(x) =

x3
+ x2 + 3x 1
3

xiii. f(x) =
xv. f(x) =

1 3
1 2
x
x + ln2
3
2

xii. f(x) = 2x3 3x2+12x +

1 3
33
x + 8x2 +
x +5
6
2

x3
+ 2x2 + 4x + 1
3

xiv. f(x) = -2x3 + 1

xvi. f(x) = -3x3 + 3x2 x + 2

xvii. f(x) = x3 x2 + x 5

xviii. f(x) = -x3 + x2 2x + 5

3. .
i. f(x) =

9 2
x4
2x 3
+
x + 18x 1
2
4
3

iii. f(x) = x4 8x3 + 22x2 24x +10

v. f(x) =

x4
x3
x2
+
+
x2
4
3
2

vii. f(x) = x4 + 4x 2

ii. f(x) =

3 4
x + 4x3 + 9x2 1
2

iv. f(x) =

3 4
x - 2x3 6x2 + 1
2

vi. f(x) = x4 6x2 8x + 4

viii. f(x) = -3x4 + 12x + 5

135

ix. f(x) = x5 + 4x3 + 9x

x. f(x) = 2x3 +5x + 1

xi. f(x) = x5 5x4 + 5x3 + 10x2 20x 5

xii. f(x) = 3x5 1

4.
i. f ( x) =

2x
x +1

ii. f ( x ) =

x
x x +1

x
ex

v. f ( x) =

x2 + 2
ex

iv. f ( x) =

iii. f ( x ) =

x 1
ex

5.
i. f ( x) =

3x + 2
x +1
x 2 7x + 6
x 10

iv. f ( x) =

ii. f ( x) =

2x + 3
x 2

iii. f ( x ) =

v. f ( x ) =

x2 +3
x +1

vi. f ( x) = x 1 +

vii. f ( x) =

x 2 + 2x 4
x2 + x 2

viii. f ( x) =

ix. f ( x ) =

x
x 1

x. f ( x) =

2
xi. f ( x) = 1 x

2
x

x +1
x 1
4
x 1

x 2 5x + 4
x 2 + 5x + 4

x
x + ( x + 4) 2

3
xii. f ( x) = 3 x +

144
x

6.
i. f(x) = e2x
iv. f(x) = e

5x

vii. f(x) = x e-3x

x. f(x) = xex
xiii. f(x) = (x2 8)ex

ii. f(x) = e-3x

v. f(x) = e

-6x

viii. f(x) = e2x + x 1

iii. f(x) = 2x
2
vi. f(x) =
3

ix. f(x) = x3 + 4x + 2ex

xi. f(x) = xex 2ex

xii. f(x) = (x + 3)ex

xiv. f(x) = ex(x2 6x + 9)

xv. f(x) = (2x x2)ex

136

xvi. f(x) = x2e-x

xvii. f(x) = e-x(x2 + 2x + 2)

xix. f(x) = 2 x 2 e x

xx. f(x) = e x

xxii. f(x) = ex x + 1

xviii. f(x) = 4x2e-2x

xxi. f(x) = e x

6 x

xxiii. f(x) = ex 3x + 1

4 x

xiv. f(x) = xe1/x

xv. f(x) = 2xe-x + (x 1)2

7. f(x) = (x2 3)ex, x.

) f.
) f .
) x f ;
.

8. f : f ( x) =

x 2
, x.
ex

) f.
) f .
) x = 3 f

9. f(x) =

1 2 11
2
x x x+
10
5

e3

1
.
e3

, x.

) f .
) h(x) =

1
3x2
1
x
x

5 2
3

, x.

f(x)=h(x).

10.
i. f(x) = lnx + x 1
iv. f(x) = lnx

ii. f(x) = 6(2 + lnx) + 12x

x
+1
2

iii. f(x) = x 1 lnx

v. f(x) = lnx x + 2 vi. f(x) = x2 + 1

8lnx
137

1
x2

vii. f(x) = 12lnx + x2 10x

viii. f(x) = 2lnx +

x. f(x) = 2xlnx + x

xi. f(x) = xlnx x

xiii. f(x) = x2lnx

xiv. f(x) = 3x2 ln

xv. f(x) = xln2x

xvi. f(x) =

xvii. f(x) = (x2 x)lnx +

ix. f(x) = xlnx

xii. f ( x) =

1
x

ln x
x

xv. f(x) = ln2x + 2lnx

1 2
x 2 12 x
(x 6x)lnx
2
4

x2
2

11.
i. f(x) = x2 + xx x

ii. f(x) =

x 2 6x +5

iii. f(x) =

5 x 2 12 x + 9

iv. f(x) =

6 5x x 2

v. f(x) =

x x

vi. f(x) = (5x 1)(x 2)5

vii. f(x) = (x2 + 2x)7

viii. f(x) = ln(x2 + 1)

ix. f(x) = ln(x2 6x + 5)

x. f(x) = ln(5x2 -12x + 9)

xi. f(x) = ln(6 5x x2)

12. ,
f
) f(x) = (x 1)3(x 2)2(x 3)

13.

) f(x) = (x 1)5(x 2)4(x 3)

f, g:(0, + ) f(x) =

x ex
g(x) =
x + ex

x xlnx.
) .
) h(x)
= f(x) + g(x).

138

14.

f: :
f(x) = x2 + x + 5, = lim
x 2

x2 4
x 2 5x + 6

) .
) = -4, f .
) = -4, f(x) > 0 x.

15.
f(x) = x3 3x 1, x[-3, 2]. f
.

16.
f(x) = x3 12x + 1, x[-3, 3].
f .

17.
,
f: [0, 5] f(x) = (x 1)3(x 2)2(x
3).

18.
) f(x) = x3 x2 x + 1, x
f.
) f(2011) f(2012)
.

19. f : f ( x ) =
) f ( x ) =

x +1
, x > 1.
x 1

2
( x 1) 2

) f (1, +).
f(2010) f(2011).

20.

f: (0, +) f ( x) =
139

ln x
.
x

) .
) f() f(e).
) e e.
) f(1) f(e).

21. f f(x) = lnx x 1.

) f.
) f.
) f .
) : ln2008 2009 > ln2009 2010

22.

f f(x) =

1 3
x 2x2 + 3x + 2008,
3

x.
) f f.
) f .
) f(x) 2008 x, x[1, +).

23. f f(x) = 10lnx 5x2, x > 0.

) f f.
) f .
) x f .
.
) f(x) -5, x > 0.

24. f(x) = (3x 1)(x 1)3.

) f.
1
, x.
16
140

) f ( x )

25.

f(x) = 3x +

4
, x(0, 1)
x2

> 2.
) f .
) f f(x) 32 x(0, 1).

26. f(x) = ex x 1.
) f .
) ex x + 1 x.

27. f ( x) =

ln x
.
x

) f.
) xe ex, x > 0.

28.

f f(x) = x2 + 2x 3, x.

) f(2) = -2, .
) = -1, f
.

29.

f: f(x) = 2x3 9x2 + x + , .

) f.
) f(1) = 0 f(2) = 5, .
) (),
f .

141

30.
f: f(x) = 4x3 6x2 + +2008,
.
) f.
) f .
) ,
.
) 2009.

31.

f(x) = 2x3 3x2 + + 2011, .

) f .
) f , .
) , 2012.

32.
f(x) = 2x3 6x + .
f 9.

33.

f: f(x) =

1 3
1
x x++
,
3
3

.
) f.
) lim

x 1

f ( x) + f ( x) + 2
x +1

) f
x, f .
) f ,
.

34.

f ( x) =

x
x + , x -4 .
x+4

, f
.
142

35.

f: f(x) = x2 + x 6 .

) f x0 = 3,
= -1.
) = -1, f
.
) = -1, lim
x 3

f ( x)
x 3

36.
f: f(x) = x2 + x + 5,
.
) f.
) f x0 = -1 ,
= 2.
) = 2, f .

37. f f(x) = x2 + ( + 6)x 11,

. f x0 = -5.
) = 4.
) .

38.
f: f(x) = x2 + x + , , .
f x0 = 1 (1, 0)
,
) = -2 = 1.
) f f.
) x : f(x) + f(x) + f(x) > 0.

143

39.

f(x) =

1 3
5 2
x
x + x + , , . f
3
2

x0 = 2
(0, 1), :
) .
) = 6 = 1, f .
) = 6 = 1, ,
f.

40.

f(x) =

1 3
x x2 + x 2 , , .
3

f (0, -5) f
x = 1 , :
) .
) = 2 = 3, f .
) = 2 = 3, f.

41.
f(x) = x2 + x 4, ,. f x = 1
2, ,
.

42.
f(x) = -x2 + x , ,, x0 = 4
0, ,
.

43.
f(x) = x3 x2 + x + + , ,. f
x1 = -1 x2 = -2 ,
, .

44.
f(x) = x3 + x2 + 12x + 1, ,. f
x1 = 1 x2 = 2 ,
, .

144

45.

f(x) =

1 3
5 2
x
x + 6x, x.
3
2

g(x) = lnx + x2 x, x > 0 ,.

) f.
) ,, g
f.
) = 12 = 10, g
.
) = 12 = 10, lim
x 3

xg ( x)
x +6 3

46.

: ex x2 x > 0.

47.
> 0
: ex x x.

48.
f(x) = (x )ex, x > 0.
, f .

49. f(x) = x2 2x +2
+ 2012 .

50.

f(x) =

1 3
x x2 + 4x + 2.
3

f .

51.

0,2 0,7 f(x) = x3

1 2
x + x
2

52.

f , :
145

f3(x) + 2f(x) = x2009 + 3x, x

f .

2
53. f(x) = 2x + x

x0 =
.
6

54. f(x) = 2x + 1

x0 =
.
2

55. f(x) = xlnx + x x, x > 0, x0

= 1.
) f f.
) f(1) f(1).
) .
) 1; .

56.

f , f(x) = (x 1)(ex 1).

) f(x) = 0.
) f.
) f.

57. f f(x) =
146

x 2 1
.
x 2 +1

) f(x) = 0.
) f.
) f.

58. f f(x) = lnx(1 ex-2).

) f(x) = 0.
) f.
) f.

59. x x1, x2, , x.

:
(x x1)2 + (x x2)2 + + (x x)2
, x =

x1 + x 2 + + x
.

60. 10.
.

61. , c
.

62. :
10 .

63. c
.

147

64.

f ( x ) =

1
1
x 2 + x +4 , 10 x 35.
200
5

;
65. 100 ,
x , :
f(x) =

1 3 1 2
x
x x + 10, 1 x 5
9
3

) .
) x ,
.
66.
:
P(x) =

1 3
x + 7x2 + 30x + 300
6

x 20 x 35. :
) .
) .
67.

10 (1989

1999) : f(t) = 0,03t3 +

368,64
t

, 0 < t 10.
.
68. P r
:
2r

4 r 2 a0
P = 3 e , 0 .
a0
P r, r
, r.
69. ( m) ,
t (sec) :
f(t) =-3t2 + 30t, 0 t 10
) t=0;
)
t.
) ,
.
) t
, .
70. ( m) , t (sec)
:
f(t) =

1 3
33
t + 8t2 +
t + 5, t 0
6
2
148

) t=0;
) t.
) ,
.
) t
, .
71. 14
.

72. 400m2,
.

73. ,
, 200 . x
:
) x
E(x) = -x2 + 200x.
) x ;
) .
74. 200 m
( 1). .
x.

.
f(x) = 100x

1 2
x .
2

.
200 m.
75. 600 m
( 1). .
x.

.
f(x) = -2x2 + 600x.
149

. x E(x) .
. .
76. 1.200
, . x,
2 , y
3 .
y

) 4x + 3y = 1.200
) (x) ,
(x) =

4
(300x x2).
3

) x, y ,
.

77. , ,
. x
50 cm.
)
x E(x) =

1
x(50 x), 0 < x < 50.
2

) x E(x) .
) E(x).

78. ,
1cm,
.

150

79.

f f(x) =

1
, x(0, +).
x

(x, y) f
xx yy, x, y
. ,
.
80. f(x) =

1 + ln 2 x
,x>0
x

) f .
) (x, f(x)), x > 0 f.
yy x
(x, 0) xx
y (0, f(x)). ,

, .
81.
8 m3. .
82.
24 m2. .
83. 6
,
.
x , 0 < x < 3
, .

151

) x
f(x) = 4x(3 x)2, 0 < x < 3
( , ,
V = ).
) x .
f ( x + 2) 8
) lim
x 0
x
84. , 6 cm 8 cm,
,
, .

85. :
) .
) .
86.
, .

87.
(20) . (
) x K(x) = 4x2 + 30
152

 ( ) E(x) = 3x2 +
20x.
) (5) .
) P(x) .
) .
)
;
88.
20 .
( )
E(x) = 3x + 20, x
K(x) = -x2 + 20x 30.
) P(x) x
.
)
;
89. .
50 .
30, 3 .
, :
0,30 .
,
.
90. P, , ,
, :
P(x) = E(x) K(x), x 0
x .
) :
i) .
ii) .
) ,
;
) () ().
91. K(x), x
K ( x)
: (x) =
,x>0
x
K ( x) K ( x)
) K ( x ) =
,x>0
x
) x
(x) < K(x).
) ().
92. y = 3x 2
.
153

93. f(x) =
(2, 0).

x 1

94.
( C o)
24 (t) = t
4 t + , t(0,24] .
) t(0,4] t(4,24]
.
) ,
24 -1Co.
) = 3 0Co.
) lim
t4

( t)
.
t2 4

95.
,
t (t) = -t3 + 9t2 10t + c, 0 t 8.
) c,
t = 0 16C
)

) .

96. f f(x) = x3 3x2 6x + 2.

.

154