სწავლება და შეფასება

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damxmare saxelmZRvanelo
II
2008
avtorebi:
rusudan tyemalaZe
nana dalaqiSvili
qeTevan TofaZe
TaTia paWkoria
Tamar buwaSvili
sakonsultacio sabWo: simon janaSia, naTela imedaZe, marina

jafariZe, Tamar kerZaia, ia kutalaZe, Tamar gagoSiZe, Tamar
bokuCava, xaTuna mxeiZe
redaqtorebi:
naTia nacvliSvili
sofio gorgoZe
ilustracia, dizaini: giorgi gamezardaSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Tamar goderZiSvili
proeqtis koordinatori: eTer gvelesiani
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, 2008.
ISBN 978-9941-0-0674-6
ISBN 978-9941-0-0676-0
motivacia da motivaciis amaRlebis

saSualebebi
I
am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT:

ras niSnavs garegani da Sinagani motivacia;
ratom aris mniSvnelovani
Rlebaze muSaoba;
moswavleTa motivaciis ama-
ra strategiebs unda mimarToT

vaciis asamaRleblad;
moswavleebSi moti-
rogor unda daicvaT balansi Sinagani da garegani motivaciis asamaRlebeli strategiebis gamoyenebisas.
motivacia aris impulsi/survili, Sinagani procesi, romelic

adamians qmedebebisken ubiZgebs da am qmedebebs garkveuli miznis miRwevisaken mimarTavs. magaliTad, moswavle, romelic bevrs
mecadineobs, keTilsindisierad ekideba saswavlo process, orientirebulia kargi niSnebis miRebaze, SeiZleba davaxasiaToT,
rogorc maRalmotivirebuli. motivacia ganapirobebs moswavlis SesaZleblobebisa da unarebis realizebas. moswavlis motivacias gansazRvravs misi garemo. es SeiZleba iyos mSoblebi,
Tanatolebi, mimzidveli saswavlo garemo. Tumca, moswavleebis
motivirebis TvalsazrisiT, maswavleblis roli yvelaze mniSvnelovania.
motivaciis amaRlebaze sistematuri muSaoba didwilad ganapirobebs moswavleTa maRal akademiur moswrebas da saswavlo
procesis sasiamovnod da saxalisod warmarTvas.
dasavluri fsiqologiuri skola gamoarCevs e.w. Sinagan da
garegan motivacias. ganvixiloT magaliTebi.
situacia 1
fizikis gakveTilia. maswavlebeli iRebs jibidan xurda fuls
da agdebs maRla. fuli miwaze ecema. moswavleebi akvirdebian pedagogis qmedebas. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli instruqcias
aZlevs TiToeul moswavles: ìfiqreT imis Sesaxeb, rac axla
moxda Tqven Tvalwin. CamowereT Tqveni komentarebi da gamoicaniT, ratom daeca Cem mier zeviT agdebuli fuli iatakze.
CamoayalibeT mosazreba, romelic axsnis da daasabuTebs am
movlenas. amisaTvis geZlevaT 10 wuTi~.
situacia 2
meordeba pirveli situacia, oRond maswavlebeli, imis garda,
rom moswavleebs sTxovs
movlenis axsnas da dasabuTebas, garkveul molodins uqmnis:
`romeli
Tqvenganic
ufro male Camoayalibebs
swor da dasabuTebul pasuxs, daimsaxurebs umaRles
Sefasebas da gamocxaddeba
dRevandeli
gakveTilis
liderad.~
orive SemTxvevaSi maswavlebels
erTi
mizani
amoZravebs, aamaRlos moswavleebSi
motivaciis
SegrZneba. pirveli SemTxveva Sinagani motivaciis
magaliTis nimuSia. aq pedagogi moswavleebs uRviZebs cnobismoyvareobas da maT azrovnebis, fiqris da aRmoCenisken ubiZgebs.
aq ganmsazRvrelia is Sinagani interesi, romelic moswavles
siamovnebas aniWebs. es siamovneba mis qmedebebs dasaxuli miznisaken mimarTavs. aq gareSe faqtorebi (niSani, Seqeba, jildo da
sxv.) TiTqmis umniSvneloa.
Sinagani motivacia aris konkretuli qmedebisaken swrafva,
romelic Signidan aris gamowveuli cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebis Tu raRacis aRmoCenis surviliT.
meore SemTxveva situaciurad imaves gviambobs, rasac pirveli.
gansxvaveba mxolod isaa, rom maswavlebeli gareSe faqtoris/
ebis SemotaniT cdilobs, moswavleebSi gaamZafros miznis miRwevis survili da maTi moqmedebebic aqeT mimarTos.
garegani
motivacia
aris
konkretuli
qmedebisaken
swrafva,
romelic
gamowveulia
gare
faqtorebiT,
garkveuli jildos an aRiarebis mopovebis surviliT.
miuxedavad
imisa, rom
moswavleSi
Sinagani
motivaciis
gaRviZeba
akademiur
Sedegebze
gansakuTrebiT
dadebiT
gavlenas axdens, aucilebelia maswavlebeli iyenebdes
garegani
motivaciis
strategiebsac.
qarTveli mecnieri d. uznaZe saubrobs SemecnebiT interesze da swavlis Rirebulebis mimarT
gacnobierebul damokidebulebaze, rac, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom uaxlovdeba dasavluri fsiqologiuri skolis mier aRiarebul Sinagan motivacias.
ix. I - gv. 64
mecnierTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom I-III

klasebSi moswavleTa didi nawili Sinaganad aris motivirebuli, Tumca mesame
klasidan Sinagani interesi mniSvnelovnad klebulobs da moswavleebi ufro did angariSs uweven gare faqtorebs, magaliTad
warmatebis miRwevas mxolod im sagnebSi, romelic umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad sWirdebaT.
Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, gare faqtorebic
uZluria, radgan masala rTuldeba, moswavleebisTvis ufro mosawyeni xdeba sagakveTilo procesi da moswavle kargavs swavlis motivacias
(ormondi, 2008). swored aq ikveTeba maswavleblis
gansakuTrebuli roli, rom izrunos moswavleebSi rogorc Sinagani, aseve garegani motivaciis
amaRlebaze. aseve, mniSvnlovania, maswavlebelma
icodes, rom swavlis motivaciis amaRleba ukavSirdeba moswavlis sxva saWiroebebs.
ix. I - gv. 178
Sinagani motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis maswavleblebi sxvadasxva strategias mimarTaven:
davalebis moswavleTa interesebis mixedviT SerCeva;

garkveul SemTxvevebSi maTTvis arCevanis uflebis miniWeba;
Tavisi azris, Tundac sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis Tamamad

gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba;
TamaSis tipis saxaliso aqtivobebis CarTva saswavlo procesSi.
davasaxelebT im strategiebs, romlebsac maswavlebelma SeiZleba mimarTos garegani motivaciis amaRlebis mizniT:
garkveuli jildos, saCuqris SeTavazeba kargi an gaumjobesebuli SedegebisaTvis (magaliTad, yvelaze maRali niSani,
an konkretuli testidan gaTavisufleba da a.S.);
werilobiTi an sityvieri Seqeba, romelic aris ara zogadi
(magaliTad, ara ubralod `kargi gogo xar~, aramed ufro konkretulad `yoCaR, Sen es personaJi zustad daakavSire mis realur prototi pTan~);
Sejibrebis mowyoba (klasSi, paralelur jgufSi an sxva
skolebis moswavleebTan).
ix. gv. 132
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom mniSvnelovania niWieri bavSvebis motivaciac. xSirad xdeba, rom
niWier bavSvebs swavlaSi dabali Sedegebi aqvT,
risi erT-erTi mizezic swored motivaciis ararsebobaa.
situacia 3
`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ Seswavlis dawyebisas, moswavleebi naTia maswavlebels ewuwunebian da ukmayofilebas
gamoTqvamen, rom teqsti sakmaod didi da rTulia.
maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoiyenos Sinagani an garegani motivaciis strategia.
gTavazobT or variants.
1. sanam naTia maswavlebeli teqstis axsnas daiwyebda, gadawyvita bavSvebisTvis eCvenebina tao-klarjeTis,
iqauri eklesia-monastrebis suraTebi, tao-klarjeTis
teritoriaze gadaRebuli videofilmi; moeyola ambebi
iq myof qarTvelebze. naTia maswavlebelma Segnebulad
gadauxvia saswavlo gegmas da ori gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi teqstis axsna ar dauwyia. meore gakveTilis
bolos, moswavlebi dainteresdnen da TviTon moiTxoves
teqstis Seswavla.
2. naTia maswavlebeli moswavleebs dapirda, rom vinc

yvelaze kargad iswavlida teqsts, wlis bolos taoklarjeTSi mimaval samogzauro turistul jgufSi CarTavda. am momxibvleli winadadebis Semdeg bavSvebi mondomebiT Seudgnen teqstis Seswavlas.
rogorc magaliTi gviCvenebs, `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~

Seswavlisas motivaciis orive strategia warmatebuli aRmoCnda.
Tumca, Tu moswavles xSirad vpirdebiT jildos, anu garegani
motivirebis gzas mivmarTavT, SeiZleba am gziT Sinagani motivacia TandaTan dauqveiTdes da yovelTvis jildos, niSnis an
sxva ramis safasurad gaakeTos konkretuli davaleba. kvlevebi
miuTiTeben, rom rodesac maswavleblebi xSirad iyeneben garegan
motivacias, sxva SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi gulgrilebi xdebian
swavlis mimarT.
grinma, sternbergma da leperma (1976) aseTi eqsperimenti Caatares: maT gamoiyenes maTematikuri TamaSebi skolis bavSvebTan,
romlebic moswavleebs Zalian moewonaT. cota xnis Semdeg
TamaSSi warmatebul bavSvebs saCuqrebi dauriges. Semdeg
saCuqrebis micema Sewyvites. mas Semdeg rac saCuqrebi veRar
miiRes, bavSvebma TamaSi Sewyvites. maT CamouyalibdaT ganwyoba, rom isini ukve ara garTobis mizniT, aramed saCuqrebisTvis
TamaSobdnen.
pedagogma motivaciis orive formas unda mimarTos. aq moswavlis xasiaTi, misi buneba da asaki gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs.
zogs garegani motivaciis formebi ufro meti enTuziazmiT aRavsebs, vidre Sinagani. amitomac, rogorc wesi, swored maTi SezavebiTa da varirebiT miiRweva sasurveli, maqsimaluri Sedegi.
Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi

mocemul yvela SekiTxvaze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da gaeciT
pasuxebi.
ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

pedagogi sistematurad da gegmazomierad unda

muSaobdes motivaciis amaRlebaze. am ti pis samuSaoebi
mas miznobrivad da Tanmimdevrulad unda hqondes
dagegmili saswavlo programaSi;

pedagogma motivaciis orive formas unda mimarTos. Tumca yuradsaRebia is faqti, rom Sinagani motivacia bevrad ufro mdgradia da moswavleTa ganviTarebas gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels;

motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis maswavlebelma
mravalgvar strategias SeiZleba mimarTos, magram yovelTvis unda iTvaliswinebdes asakobrivi jgufisa da
konkretuli moswavlis xasiaTis Tu muSaobis stilis
Taviseburebebs.
II

motivaciis amaRlebis ra saSualebebi arsebobs;
ratom aris mniSvnelovani moswavleebTan kargi pirovnuli urTierTobis damyareba;
ra princi pebiT unda ixelmZRvanelos maswavlebelma moswavleebTan dadebiTi pirovnuli urTierTobis dasamyareblad;
****
gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze:
1. ra gavlenas axdens saswavlo procesze moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris dadebiTi pirovnuli urTierTobebi?
2. ris safuZvelze SeiZleba aigos kargi pirovnuli urTierTobebi moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris?
3. maswavleblis mxridan ra Tvisebebis gamovlenam SeiZleba
SeuSalos xeli moswavleSi motivaciis amaRlebas?
4. motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis ramdenad sakmarisia mxolod
kargi pirovnuli urTierTobebis damyareba?
motivaciis amaRlebis ZiriTadi saSualebebia: pirovnuli

urTierTobebi, saswavlo atmosfero da saswavlo gegmisa Tu
konkretuli pedagogis mier wamoyenebuli saswavlo moTxovnebi.
sqematurad es ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT:
pirovnuli
urTierTobebi
saswavlo
atmosfero
maswavleblis
moTxonebi
pirovnuli urTierTobebi
maswavlebeli movalea, kargi pirovnuli urTierTobebi daamyaros Tavis moswavleebTan. kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom moswavleebi,
romlebsac moswonT maswavlebeli, keTilsindisierad ekidebian
saswavlo programas, naklebad qmnian disci plinur problemebs
da iTvaliswineben maswavleblis moTxovnebs. agreTve, maswavlebeli movalea, rom agrZnobinos maT Tavi Rirseul, pativsacem
adamianebad da Seqmnas daculi, komfortuli, jansaRi garemo,
sadac swavla sasiamovno procesad iqceva. amgvar SemTxvevaSi
moswavleebs Soris motivaciis xarisxi mkveTrad matulobs.
ganvixiloT ramdenime situacia, romelSic aRwerilia, Tu ra
SeuSlida xels moswavle-maswavlebels Soris pozitiuri
urTierTdamokidebulebis Camoyalibebas.
situacia 1
giorgi xels uSlis gakveTilis mimdinareobas. igi ganuwyvetliv cqmutavs, icinis, eCurCuleba gverdiT mjdom moswavles.
maswavlebelma mas ramdenjerme misca SeniSvna, magram uSedegod. giorgi kidev ufro cudad iqceva, TiTqos aseTi saqcieliT
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis mi pyrobas cdilobs. maswavlebeli
nel-nela gamodis wyobidan. SeniSvnebis micemas azri ekargeba
da maswavlebeli giorgis dasjis mizniT saklaso JurnalSi
yvelaze dabal qulas uformebs, rom rogorme gaaCeros. es moswavlis ukmayofilebas iwvevs, ewinaaRmdegeba maswavlebels da
ambobs, rom man gakveTili kargad icis da cudi niSnis dawera
cud saqcielSi usamarTlobaa! iwyeba kamaTi, Sepasuxeba da konfliqti.
10
situacia 2
maswavlebelma aRmoaCina, rom sandros davaleba saxlSi darCa. mogvianebiT isic gairkva, rom sandros arc wigni wamouRia
da arc kalami aqvs.
-aba, risTvis moxvedi skolaSi, an Seni mSobeli ras fiqrobs!
wlis bolos xom mogindeba niSani?
- damrCa, mas, da ra vqna?!
- ratom Tavi ar dagrCa? Tu bevrs Semepasuxebi, klasidanac
gabrZandebi!
situacia 3
maswavlebelma nino dafasTan gaiZaxa. nino gakveTils yveba.
Cans, rom nerviulobs, uWirs auditoriis winaSe saubari. maswavlebeli jdeba Tavis magidasTan, Slis saklaso Jurnals, avsebs.
mere dgeba, rigebs Soris dadis. erT moswavles SeniSvniT mimarTavs: gaswordi da wesierad dajeqi, usmine Sens klasels!
mere meores ubrundeba: sad aris Seni davaleba? rveuli merxze
unda idos da ara CanTaSi. nino grZnobs, rom maswavlebeli mas
yuradRebiT ar usmens.
11
mocemuli situaciebi naTlad gviCvenebs, rom amgvari

damokidebulebebiTa da reaqciebiT moswavle-maswavlebels
Soris pativiscemasa da simpaTiaze dafuZnebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba ver Camoyalibdeba. pirvel situaciaSi dafiqsirebuli usamarTloba, meore situaciis sarkazmi da uxeSoba,
mesame situaciaSi asaxuli gulgriloba ver Seqmnis motivaciis
amaRlebaze orientirebul garemos. am magaliTebis sapirispirod
ki SegviZlia gamovyoT ramdenime ZiriTadi kriteriumi, romelic
pedagogs did daxmarebas gauwevs Tavis moswavleebTan kargi
pirovnuli urTierTobebis damyarebaSi.
samarTlianoba
sanam moswavle ar dainaxavs, rom maswavlebeli samarTliania
iseTi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros, rogoricaa davalebis
raodenoba, akademiuri moswrebis Sefaseba, moswavleTa daxmareba,
jgufebis Sedgena, disci plinuri sakiTxebis gansja da a.S. moswavles ver moewoneba igi.
garegnoba
bavSvebi ufro did mniSvnelobas aniWeben adamianis garegnul
mxares, vidre didebi. Sesabamisad, mowesrigebuli da daxvewili
maswavlebeli maT, garkveulwilad, STaagonebT pativiscemas
aramarto konkretuli pirovnebis, aramed im sagnis mimarTac,
romelsac igi aswavlis.
iumori
erT-erTi Tanamedrove ganmanaTlebeli, uiliam gloseri
aRniSnavs, iumori zrunvis gamoxatvis erTgvari formaao. cxadia,
maswavlebeli xumarad ar unda iqces, magram Tavisufali, gaxsnili, iumoristuli reaqciebi garkveul situaciebSi mas xibls
sZens, aaxlovebs moswavlesTan.
Tavazianoba
Tavazianobis gamovlena, Tundac sruliad formaluri, pativiscemis dafiqsirebis yvelaze mkafio Jestia da, cxadia, xels
uwyobs simpaTiis gaRvivebas. Tavazianobis ugulebelyofa moswavleSi iwvevs protestis grZnobas da xels uSlis kargi urT-
12
ierTobis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebas.
sixalase
tradiciulad, maswavlebeli avtoritarul, saSiS, despotur
figurad aRiqmeba. pedagogis amgvari aRqma, xSir SemTxvevaSi,
xels uSlis moswavleebSi motivaciis gaRvivebas da maTTan
jansaRi urTierTobebis Camoyalibebas. moswavle-maswavleblis
urTierToba ukeT warimarTeba, rodesac maswavlebeli aris sada,
xalasi adamiani, romlis naambobic pirovnul gamocdilebebs,
dakvirvebebsa da SegrZnebebs eyrdnoba. swored amgvari Txrobisas aRiqvamen moswavleebi mas Cveulebriv, grZnobebis mqone,
gaxsnil adamianad, da ara gayinul didaqtikosad.
urTierTobebis aRdgena
moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris garkveuli sadamsjelo
RonisZiebis gatareba (klasidan gagdeba, mkacri SeniSvnis micema,
direqtorTan miyvana da sxv.) urTierTobas CixSi aqcevs. amgvari
qmedebebis Semdeg umniSvnelovanesia, moswavlem icodes, rom maswavlebeli mas patiobs, rom igi boRmas ar idebs gulSi, rom
igi yovelTvis mzadaa, gadadgas pirveli nabiji urTierTobis
aRdgenisken.
aqtiuri mosmena
rodesac maswavlebeli yuradRebiT ugdebs yurs

Tavis moswavleebs, isini grZnoben, rom maTi azri
mniSvnelovani, yuradsaRebi da sainteresoa. cxadia, es ar niSnavs, rom maswavleblisTvis yvela
mosazreba misaRebia. aqtiuri mosmena (aqtiuri
mosmena niSnavs reagirebas, kiTxvebis dasmas, pozitiur gamoxmaurebas moswavleebis naazrevze da
a. S.) agrZnobinebs moswavleebs, rom maTi pozicia
maswavlebels esmis. es ki zrunvis gamoxatvis
erT-erTi formaa. maswavleblebi, romlebic aqtiurad usmenen TavianT moswavleebs, pativiscemiTa
da siyvaruliT sargebloben.
ix. gv. 132
13
bolos, isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom mxolod kargi pirovnuli urTierTobebis damyareba motivaciis amaRlebas ver ganapirobebs. aucilebelia piradi magaliTis micemac. magaliTad,
kiTxvis motivaciis gazrda moswavleebSi gagviWirdeba, Tu Cven
TviTon ar vkiTxulobT; gagviWirdeba, moswavleebs avumaRloT
mosmenis motivacia, Tu Cven TviTon ar vusmenT maT. magaliTis
micema erT-erTia im komponentebidan, romlebic xels uwyoben
moswavlis motivaciis amaRlebas.

pasuxebi.
14

yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom iumori moswavleebTan
urTierTobaSi gamosadegi xerxia, magram sarkazmi, gadametebuli, RvarZliani dacinva yovlad dauSvebelia. es yvelaze
metad uSlis xels moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris jansaRi urTierTdamokidebulebis damyarebas;

kargi pirovnuli urTierTobebis Camoyalibebaze zrunva motivaciis amaRlebis erT-erTi uaRresad mniSvnelovani
komponentia;

kargi pirovnuli urTierTobebis CamoyalibebiT maswavlebeli xels uwyobs moswavleSi Rirsebis grZnobis
amaRlebas.
III
1. ra uwyobs xels maRali akademiuri moswrebisaTvis sasurveli atmosferos Seqmnas?
2. ratom aris mniSvnelovani TanamSromlobiTi atmosferos
Seqmna?
3. ras niSnavs da ratom aris mniSvnelovani daculi saswavlo garemos Camoyalibeba?
4. ratom aris saWiro moswavleebisTvis arCevanis uflebis
miniWeba?
5. ratom unda vaswavloT moswavleebs swavlis princi pebi
da strategiebi?
15
******
kargma maswavlebelma icis, rom jansaR urTierTobebsa da
maRal akademiur miRwevebze orientirebuli saswavlo atmosfero iqmneba maSin, rodesac moswavleebi skolaSi Tavs stumrad
ar grZnoben da samuSaos bolomde
iTaviseben. ganvixiloT
is faqtorebi, romlebic xels uwyobs moswavleebSi am gancdis
gaRvivebas. esenia: gundurobisa da TanamSromlobis, daculobis,
dabali riskis (dacinvasTan, sarkazmTan, Tu dasjasTan dakavSirebiT), ndobisa da pirovnuli Rirsebis faqtori. sqematurad
es ase SeiZleba warmovidginoT:
maRali akademiuri moswrebisaTvis sasurvel atmosferos qmnis

gunduroba/
TanamSromloba
`me vgrZnob, rom
klasi/jgufi miRebs,
moswavleebi
Cem
gverdiT dganan. maT
surT Cemi warmateba
da mzad arian, rom
damexmaron.~
daculoba/ndoba
pirovnuli
Rirsebis SegrZneba
`Secdomebis
daSveba
riskTan
(dacinva, gabrazeba, dasja) ar aris
dakavSirebuli.
Tu
Secdomebze
viswavli, warmatebasac mivaRwev.~
` me mniSvnelovani da dafasebuli var am garemoSi

Cemi qmedebebiT, sityviT, aqtiurobiT.
SemiZlia movlenebisa da situaciebis
Secvla.~
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sasurveli saswavlo atmosferos Sesaqmnelad, maswavlebelma klasSi amgvari Rirebulebebisa
da damokidebulebebis danergva unda SeZlos:
16
grafa #1
SecdomebTan dakavSirebiT: Secdomebi exmareba adamians swavlaSi.
yvelas aqvs Secdomis daSvebis ufleba da aravin isjeba amis gamo.
tempTan dakavSirebiT: ar aris aucilebeli yvelafris uceb gageba
da gakeTeba. mcdeloba, keTilsindisiereba, xarisxi, dakvirveba aris is,
rasac yvelaze did yuradRebas vaqcev.
daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT: karg moswavleebac SeuZliaT, iTxovon daxmareba, Sesrulebuli samuSaos/muSaobis procesis damatebiT
komentireba.
mcdelobis Sesaxeb: sistematuri mcdeloba da samuSaos efeqtiani
dagegmva warmatebis sawindaria.
SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb: maRali akademiuri moswrebis miRweva
yvelas SeuZlia.
daakvirdiT im Rirebulebebs da damokidebulebebs, romlebic

qvemoT moyvanil grafaSia warmodgenili:
grafa #2
SecdomebTan dakavSirebiT: Secdomebi sisustis niSania.

swavlis tempTan dakavSirebiT: vinc yvelaze swrafad amoxsnis am
amocanas, is yvelaze Wkviani/Zlieria.
daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT: kargi moswavleebi samuSaos daxmarebis gareSec arTmeven Tavs.
mcdelobis Sesaxeb: mxolod Wkviani, gonebasxarti moswavleebi
iReben maRal niSnebs da aRweven warmatebas.
SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb: niWi warmatebis garantia.
17
zemoT mocemuli ori grafis Sedarebisas, SegviZlia davaskvnaT,

rom meore grafaSi mocemuli damokidebulebebiT, naklebad savaraudoa, saswavlo garemo iyos pozitiuri, rac xels SegviSlis moswavleTa motivaciis amaRlebaSi. xolo pirvel grafaSi
mocemuli damokidebulebebi xels uwyobs jansaRi da motivirebuli saswavlo garemos Seqmnas da moswavleTa motivaciis
amaRlebas.
rodesac dadebiTi saswavlo atmosferos Seqmnaze vsaubrobT,
aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT kidev sami mniSvnelovani
komponenti:
SeTanxmeba klasSi qcevis wesebis, `TamaSis wesebis~
Sesaxeb;
moswavleTaTvis swavlis princi pebisa da strategiebis
swavleba;
swavlis stilisa da arCevanis uflebis SeTavazeba.
situacia 1.
moswavleebi Txzulebis weris procesSi arian. maT erTi
Txzulebis ramdenime redaqcia unda daweron. es xangrZlivi
procesia. maswavlebeli iTxovs, moswavleebma dagegmon, romel
ricxvSi romeli redaqcia unda Caabaron mas da am dagegmvis
procesSi maT Tanamonawileobisken mouwodebs:
- modiT, erTad SevTanxmdeT, romeli dRe iqneba pirveli
redaqciis Cabarebis saboloo vada. dafiqrdiT da gansazRvreT,
ramdeni dRe dagWirdebaT, rom Tqvens Txzulebebs met-naklebad
Camoyalibebuli saxe misceT?
maswavlebeli msjelobisaTvis 5-7 wuTs gamoyofs. moswavleebi msjeloben, fiqroben, erTmaneTs uTanxmdebian da adgenen
naweris Cabarebis misaReb TariRs.
aseTi SeTanxmebuli/erToblivi dagegmva, `TamaSis wesebis~
(samuSaos teqnikuri nawilis, rutinis, disci plinis) erToblivad
SerCeva
moswavleebs
skolis mSobliurobis gancdas
uZlierebs. maT eZlevaT saSualeba, rom garkveuli gavlena
iqonion samuSaos dagegmvasa da dinamikaze. swored aq grZnoben isini, rom maTi xma, xedva, prioritetebi mniSvnelovania.
dadebiTi saswavlo atmosferos CamoyalibebisaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom moswavleebi CavrToT swavlis procesis kontrolis meqanizmebSi. amitomac sasurvelia, rom maT swavlis garkveuli strategiebi ise gavacnoT, rom damoukideblad
SesZlon maTi gamoyeneba. gTavazobT Semdeg strategiebs:
18
saazrovno sqemebi, e.w. kognituri diagramebi

gonebrivi ieriSi
siuJeturi ganviTarebis/Tanamimdevrobis dafiqsirebis
gegmebi
saubrebi saswavlo miznis gacnobierebisaTvis
strategiebi arsebuli codnis gasaaqtiureblad
amgvari strategiebis gamoyenebiT moswavleebs ganuviTardebaT damoukideblad swavlis, dagegmvis, prioritetebis dasaxvis
da pasuxismgeblobis unar-Cvevebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, aZlierebs
motivacias saswavlo procesis mimarT.
ganvixiloT aseTi magaliTi:
maswavlebels klasSi Seaqvs samecniero teqsti.
- imisaTvis, rom amgvari samecniero-analitikuri teqstebi
ufro advilad daamuSaoT da sakuTari damokidebulebac gansazRvroT dasmuli sakiTxebis mimarT, gaswavliT erT strategias. jer teqsti waikiTxeT, dafiqrdiT, Semdeg xelaxla miubrundiT da ori-sami winadadebiT CamowereT:
3 ram, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo

2 ram, razec meti minda gavigo
1 ram, rasac gavakritikebdi an rac bundovani darCa
sasurvelia, rom pedagogma es moTxovnebi dafazec daweros.

aqve isic aucilebelia, rom man ganumartos (ara mxolod
zepirad, aramed dafaze daweriTac) moswavlebs, Tu ra mizans
isaxavs am strategiiT muSaoba da ramdenad mniSvnelovania maTTvis am miznebis miRweva.
ra mizans isaxavs mocemuli strategia?
Aaaqtiurebs axlad aTvisebul informacias;
Aajamebs mosazrebebs wakiTxuli masalis Sesaxeb;
aZlierebs motivacias;
aviTarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevas;
ayalibebs moswavles aqtiur mkiTxvelad;
aviTarebs weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebs.
strategiis arsis da datvirTvis mimoxilvis Semdeg maswav-
19
lebeli ambobs:
- am strategias xSirad gamoviyenebT klasSi muSaobis
dros. me girCevdiT, rom saSinao davalebis momzadebisas Tavadac gamoiyenoT igi. Cven ki am strategias gamoviyenebT rogorc
gundebSi da wyvilebSi, aseve individualurad muSaobis dros.
amjerad individualurad wavikiTxoT Cem mier Camorigebuli
es patara teqsti da rveulSi CamovweroT pasuxebi samive kiTxvaze.
SesaZloa, strategiebis an swavlis princi pebis axsnam gakveTilis didi dro waiRos. erTi SexedviT, maswavlebels masalis dafarva unda eCqarebodes, magram, meore mxriv, masalis dafarvaze
bevrad mniSvnelovani sakiTxia is, Tu ramdenad gacnobierebulad, xarisxianad da enTuziazmiT Cawvdeba moswavle davalebis
arssa da mizans. amitom gakveTilis drois `dananeba~ strategiebis swavlebaze mizanSewonili ar aris. amgvar samuSaos mxolod
dasawyis periodSi sWirdeba didi dro, sanam maswavlebeli saTiTaod yvela saWiro strategias gaacnobs moswavleebs. mas Semdeg ki, roca moswavleebs ukve eqnebaT strategiaTa garkveuli
maragi da damoukideblad SeZleben maT gamoyenebas, didi drois
dazogva gaxdeba SesaZlebeli. Semdeg maswavlebeli ubralod
miuTiTebs:
- vmuSaobT ama da am Tavze.... viyenebT ama da am strategias.
- saxlSi davalebad geZlevaT, rom moifiqroT esa da es da
gamoiyenoT/SeavsoT esa da es saazrovno sqema.
ganxiluli magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom amgvari muSaobiT maswavlebeli moswavleebs swavlisa da swavlebis gansxvavebul
stils, garkveul mravalferovnebas da arCevanis saSualebas
sTavazobs. es maRalmotivirebuli saswavlo atmosfros Camoyalibebas uzrunvelyofs. saxaliso, saintereso, mravalferovani
saswavlo atmosfero
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani parametria motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis.

pasuxebi.
20

umniSvnelovanesia, rom pedagogi sistematurad muSaobdes dadebiTi saswavlo atmosferos Camoyalibebaze. amgvari aqtivobebis Catarebas permanentuli xasiaTi unda
hqondes da ar unda darCes weliwadSi ramdenjerme Catarebul calkeul SemTxvevad;
swavlebis strategiebis da swavlis princi pebis moswavleTaTvis axsnas didi dro unda daeTmos. maswavlebelma
ar unda CaTvalos, rom es samuSao mas dros akargvinebs.
21
IV
am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT :

ratom aris mniSvnelovani moswavleebis winaSe maRali
moTxovnebis dayeneba;
ra xerxebs SeiZleba mimarTon pedagogebma, rom moswavleebis winaSe adekvaturi moTxovnebi daayenon;
maswavleblis saqmianobis romel sferoebze vrceldeba
maRali moTxovnebis dayenebis aucilebloba;
rogor unda daexmaros pedagogi moswavleebs, rom
moTxovnebi mxolod moTxovnebad ar darCes da realobad
iqces.
1. ra saxis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT unda dasaxos maswavlebelma maRali moTxovnebi?

2. ras daasaxelebdiT maRali moTxovnebis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebad?
3. ra TvalsazrisiT uwyobs xels maRali moTxovnebis dasaxva motivaciis amaRlebas?
4. maRali akademiuri moTxovnebis dayenebis dros, swavlebis
romel komponentebze gaamaxvilebdiT yuradRebas?
ganvixiloT moTxovnebi, rogorc motivaciis amaRlebis erTerTi saSualeba.

rogorc wesi, maswavleblebis moTxovnebi oTx ZiriTad
22
sakiTxze vrceldeba:
samuSaos raodenoba da xarisxi;
swavlis Cvevebi da amasTan dakavSirebuli proceduruli
sakiTxebi;
teqnikur-administraciuli sakiTxebis mogvareba;
qcevis normebis dacva da urTierTobebis regulireba.
Tanamedrove pedagogikis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli, jon

safaiari ambobs:
àraferi ganapirobebs moswavlis qmedebebs
ise Zlierad, rogorc misTvis mniSvnelovani adamianis mkafio
moTxovnebi.~(safaiari da gaueri, 1997) rogorc wesi, moswavlisaTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adamiani misi maswavlebelia. Mmaswavleblis
moTxovnebi ki gakveTilis procesis did nawils
warmoadgens. saswavlo atmosferos ayalibebs moswavlisa da maswavleblis damokidebuleba dasaxuli moTxovnebis mimarT. warmodgenil citataSi ori yuradsaRebi momenti ikveTeba: Ppirveli
aris sityva `mkafio~ rac gulisxmobs, rom maswavleblis yoveli
moTxovna unda iyos naTeli da martivad Camoyalibebuli. M citatis meore saintereso nawilia fraza `mniSvnelovani adamiani~.
Mmaswavleblebi, iseve rogorc mSoblebi, mniSvnelovani adamianebi
arian bavSvebisaTvis, Tundac imitom, rom raRac gavlenas axdenen
maTze, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT moswavle-maswavleblis urTierTobis sxva mniSvnelovan aspeqtebze. M
mocemuli citata gulisxmobs erT metad saintereso azrs:
mniSvnelovani pirovnebis mier mkafio moTxovnebis dayenebis
SemTxvevaSi igi iRebs imas, rasac iTxovs! Aaqedan gamomdinare, maswavleblis moTxovnebis mkafioobasa da simZafrezea
damokidebuli moswavlis rogorc akademiuri moswreba, aseve
misi socialuri unar-Cvevebis gamovlenis sixSire da xarisxi.
Tu moTxovnebi maRali, naTlad Camoyalibebuli da konkretulia, moswavle maqsimalurad ixarjeba da, piriqiT, dabali moTxovnebis dasaxvis SemTxvevaSi, moswavle naklebad produqtuli,
inertuli da pasiuri xdeba. cxadia, es im SemTxvevas exeba, rodesac maswavleblis mier dasmuli moTxovnebi realisturia da
aragadaWarbebuli, roca is moswavleebs SeuZlebels ar sTxovs.
am sami mniSvnelovani informaciis sistematuri Sexseneba moswavles niadags umzadebs maswavleblis mier dasaxuli moTxovnebis mTeli seriozulobiT aRqmisaTvis:
23
Cemi moTxovnebi mniSvnelovania Seni warmatebisTvis!

Sen SegiZlia maTi Sesruleba!
vici, rom Sen maT aucileblad Seasruleb!
mkafio, naTeli da gasagebi moTxovnebis dayenebis ramdenime

xerxi arsebobs:
1. moswavleTa yuradRebis mobilizebis Semdeg moTxovnis sityvierad Camoyalibeba.
maswavleblis instruqciis magaliTi:
`yovelTvis gaxsovdeT, ar dagaviwydeT, rveulSic CainiSneT,

rom gadaSlisTanave gagaxsendeT, saxazavi da fargali yovel
gakveTilze dagWirdebaT!~
2. safexurebad danawevrebuli, Tanmimdevruli da detaluri
informaciis werilobiTi gziT gadacema.
me CamogiwereT da axla dagirigebT gegmas, ris Semdeg ra

unda gaakeToT pirvel etapze. samuSaos Sesrulebisas ixelmZRvaneleT am gegmiT, mihyeviT mas. axla ki waikiTxeT es gegma. Tu
kiTxvebi gagiCndebaT, an rame bundovani darCeba, gangimartavT!
maswavleblis mier SeTavazebuli gegmis nimuSi:
moiZieT informacia pirveli safexuri:
24
1. daakvirdi
movlenas/
faqts
1. gaiTvaliswine
Seni da Seni axloblebis piradi gamocdileba
2. Seagrove
Seni dakvirve- 2. CainiSne
bebi
3. Caiwere,
CainiSne.
1. moiZie wigni
1. gamokiTxe sxva
sakiTxTan/faqtTan sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT/wadi bibdakavSirebiT.
lioTekaSi
2. yuradRebiT
2. i pove informacia
daugde yuri.
internetSi
3. CainiSne yve3. naxe, rame filmi
laferi, rac jer
ar gsmenia, axalia. xom ar arsebobs
amis Sesaxeb?
4. dausvi kiTxvebi
4. daaTvaliere Jurrespodents
nali, albomi.
3. moTxovnis xSir-xSirad, sistematurad gameoreba.

`yovel orSabaTs da xuTSabaTs gakveTils daviwyebT erTi

gancxadebiT: moswavles klasSi samuSaod rveuli unda hqondes.
rveulis darCena sapatio mizezi ar aris. TiToeul Cvengans
klasSi rveuli aucileblad sWirdeba. me CaviniSnav im SemTxvevebs, roca moswavles rveuli ar eqneba da es aucileblad
aisaxeba trimestrul Sefasebaze.~
4. maswavleblis mier informaciis enTuziazmiTa da wamaxalisebeli formiT miwodeba moswavleebSi motivaciis amaRlebas
uwyobs xels.
èrTi suli maqvs, rodis gveqneba prezentacia. Zalian mainteresebs, rogor gaarTviT aseT rTul da saintereso sakiTxebs
Tavi. ise kargad muSaobT, rom darwmunebuli var, araCveulebriv
saprezentacio Temebs moamzadebT.~
25
5. informaciis demonstrirebis, magaliTebis Cvenebis gziT

moTxovnis arsis dakonkreteba.
ìmisTvis, rom ukeTesad gaigoT axsnili axali masala, erT

magaliTs me amogixsniT. TanmimdevrobiT gamovyof yovel safexurs, rom dainaxoT logika, erT-erTi gza, ris mixedviTac unda
amoxsnaT davalebad mocemuli amocanebi.~
6. maswavleblis xmis tembris, moqmedebebis da Jestikulaciis meSveobiT moTxovnisaTvis momTxovni, Seuvali tonalobis
miniWeba da Tavad pedagogis Tanmimdevruli damokidebulebis
dafiqsireba.
`me ukve meored gagafrTxileT. mjera, rom erTi gafTxileba

sakmarisi unda iyos. ver Seveguebi imas, rom moswavleebs
davaleba ar hqondeT ama Tu im mizezis gamo. mesame gafrTxilebas seriozuli Sedegebi moyveba da es ukve Tqveni
arCevani iqneba, CaigdebT Tu ara Tavs mZime mdgomareobaSi.~ maswavlebeli aq aZlierebs TvaliT kontaqts konkretul moswavleebTan, mimarTavs Jestikulacias (Tavis maRla aweva, xeliT
mani pulireba, Segnebuli pauzebis gakeTeba frazebs Soris),
romelic mis kategoriulobasa da Seuval pozicias gausvams
xazs.
moTxovnebisa da molodinebis dafiqsirebis aRniSnuli
formebi xels uwyobs dasaxuli miznebis sruli seriozulobiTa da pasuxismgeblobiT aRqmas, rac, Tavis mxriv, aZlierebs
moswavleTa mobilizebis, organizebulobisa da motivaciis
xarisxs.
maswavlebels SeuZlia daexmaros moswavleebs maRali molodinisa da Sesabamisi akademiuri moswrebis miRwevaSi, Tuki
adekvatur da mkafio moTxovnebTan erTad, igi yuradRebas kidev
oTx ZiriTad sakiTxze gaamaxvilebs. esenia:
saWiro drois raodenoba
moswavleebs uWirT imasTan Segueba, rom ramdenime saaTis
muSaoba SeiZleba dasWirdeT saboloo produqtis Seqmnamde.
26
magaliTad, Txzulebis daweramde an proeqtis momzadebamde maT

SeiZleba 7-8 saaTi dasWirdeT dagegmvis, masalis Segrovebis da
gaanalizebisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevebSi maswavlebelma aramxolod
drois saWiro raodenoba unda misces moswavleebs (mag. gayos
davalebebi or-sam dReze, gamoiyenos moswavle-maswavleblis an
moswavleTa damatebiTi Sexvedrebis SesaZlebloba), aramed unda
gaacnobierebinos maT (diskusiebiT, msjelobiT, saqmis safexurebad, etapebad dayofiT, axsna-ganmartebebiT), rom garkveuli Sedegis miRwevamde didi muSaobaa saWiro. mniSvnelovania moswavlisTvis imis axsna, rom am ti pis muSaobas uaRresad didi dro
miaqvs da swored am procesSi isini yvelaze mets swavloben da
pirovnuli TvalsazrisiT yvelaze metad viTardebian. Tumca am
etapze isini saboloo produqts ar qmnian da mxolod e. w. `Sav
samuSaos~ asruleben, romlis nawilic SeiZleba arc ki gamoiyenon naSromis saboloo variantSi.
sakiTxze fokusireba/yuradRebis koncentracia
samuSaoze fokusireba erT-erTi urTulesi unaria.
xSirad (maRal klasebSic ki) moswavleebs uWirT am
unaris gamoyeneba. aq maswavlebeli movalea, mimarTos iseT
strategiebs, romelic daexmareba moswavleebs yuradRebis koncentrirebaSi. amave dros, pedagogma isic unda dauSvas, rom
adamianebs swavlis gansxvaveuli stili SeiZleba axasiaTebdeT.
Sesabamisad, zogisTvis fokusirebis dros musikis mosmena SeiZleba sulac ar iyos xelisSemSleli faqtori.
Sesabamisi resursebi/masala
moswavleebs uamravi informaciis moZieba sWirdebaT. mxolod
saxelmZRvanelo sakmaris resursad ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
damxmare masalad bevri ram SeiZleba gamoiyenon: arasaprogramo
literatura, interneti, mSoblisgan, naTesavisgan, specialistisgan
an Tundac amxanagisgan miRebuli informacia, sakuTari dakvirvebebi da gamocdilebebi da sxv. am saqmeSi maT maswavlebelma unda
gauwios gzamkvlevis funqcia. swored maswavlebeli unda iyos
is adamiani, romelic aswavlis moswavleebs, rogor moaxerxon
saWiro informaciis moZieba da Segroveba, rogor gamoimuSaon
es unar-Cveva ara mxolod erTjeradad, konkretuli proeqtisa Tu
prezentaciisTvis, aramed yovel saWiro SemTxvevasa da nebismier
saganSi.
27
swavlis/swavlebis strategiebi
maswavlebelma moswavleebs, garkveulwilad, pedagogikis elementebic unda aswavlos. Tanamedrove pedagogiuri literatura
miuTiTebs imaze, rom moswavleebi, romlebmac ician swavlebis/
swavlis strategiebiT sargebloba da damoukideblad axerxeben
maT gamoyenebas, ufro maRal akademiur moTxovnebs pasuxoben.
amitomac, pedagogma maT swavlebis strategiebiT swavla unda
aswavlos. magaliTad: strategiebi aqtiuri kiTxvisa da weriTi
metyvelebis redaqtirebisaTvis, strategiebi faqtebisa da movlenebis analizisa da SejamebisaTvis da a. S.
28

pasuxebi.

moTxovnebis dasaxvis dros aucilebelia, rom pedagogi Tavad iyos Tanmimdevruli da moswavle amas ganuwyvetliv grZnobdes;
moTxovnebis dayenebisas, umjobesia, pedagogi sxvadasxva xerxiT varirebdes, raTa yvela moswavlemde Tanabrad miaRwios misma gzavnilma;
yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom maRali moTxovnebi
da molodini ar niSnavs gadaWarbebul, Seusabamo, asakobrivi jgufisaTvis araadekvaturi moTxovnebis dayenebas.
ararealisturi moTxovnebi araTu motivaciis amaRlebas,
aramed, piriqiT, swavlaze gulacruebas ufro Seuwyobs
xels.
29
damoukidebeli, konkurentuli da
TanamSromlobiTi swavleba
ras niSnavs damoukidebeli, konkurentuli da TanamSromlobiTi swavleba;
rodis iRebs saswavlo procesidan moswavle yvelaze met
codnasa da gamocdilebas;
ratom aris mniSvnelovani damoukidebeli, konkurentuli
da TanamSromlobiTi swavleba;
rogor swavlebas unda mianiWoT upiratesoba.
*****
`yvelas erT adlze ver gamoWri~ qarTuli andaza.
moswavleebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian TavianTi SesaZleblobebiT, biografiiT, mzaobiT, gaxsnilobiT, swavlisa da aRqmis tempiT, swavlis stiliT, prioritetebiT. aqedan gamomdinare,
aSkaraa, rom aucileblobas warmoadgens saswavlo praqtikis
mravalferovneba, gansxvavebuli xerxebis, meTodebis, saSualebebis danergva da maTi monacvleobiT, sxvadasxva formiTa da
nairsaxeobiT gamoyeneba.
aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad moswavleTa swavlis gansxvavebuli stilisa da SesaZleblobebisa, aucilebeli
araa, rom TiToeul maTgans mxolod `masze gamoWrili~ aqtivoba
unda mivusadagoT. ucilebelia TiToeuli moswavlis CarTva
mravalferovan aqtivobebSi da es mravalferovneba maT pedagogma unda SesaTavazos. SesaZloa zogi moswavlisaTvis damoukidebeli swavleba iyos yvelaze nayofieri, zogs TanamSromlobiT
swavla ufro eadvilebodes, sxvisTvis ki konkurenciis pirobebi
iyos ufro efeqtiani. Aaqedan gamomdinare, yvela moswavlesTan
swavlebis samive saxis gamoyenebisas, moswavleebs SeiZleba
30
gauWirdeT garkveuli siZneleebis daZleva, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi unar-Cvevebi viTardeba, maT meti SesaZleblobebi
gamoumuSavdebaT da codnis miRebis procesic bevrad ufro
mravalferovani gaxdeba.
Kkvlevebi adasturebs, rom moswavle yvelaze ukeT maSin
swavlobs, rodesac igi aqtiuri da qmediTia, da ara maSin, rodesac mxolod aqtiur da qmediT maswavlebels uyurebs. am TvalsazrisiT, saleqcio ti pis gakveTilebi da maswavleblis mier
axali masalis moyoliT axsna naklebad sasurvelia.
Mmoswavleebi swavloben aramxolod maswavleblisgan, aramed
sxva saSualebebiTac, magaliTad:

wignebiT;

TanaklaselebTan urTierTobiT;

mSoblebTan urTierTobiT;

saubrebiT gareSe pirebTan (ara mSoblebTan, klaselebTan
da maswavlebelTan);

dakvirvebiT, audio/video masaliT;

internetiT;

testiT/davalebiT;

sakuTari gamocdilebiT
31
TiToeuli es saSualeba swavlebis nebismier etapze SeiZleba gamoviyenoT. pedagogiuri TvalsazrisiT ki, uaRresad mniSvnelovania is, Tu rogor viyenebT maT.
Ddamoukidebeli, konkurentuli da TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis gziT moswavleTa interaqciis organizeba, maTi mizanmimarTuli varirebiT saswavlo procesis dagegmva ganapirobebs
motivaciis amaRlebas, codnis aTvisebis efeqtianobas da socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. amasTan erTad, saswavlo
procesis dagegmvac ufro mravalferovnad, saxalisod, sainteresod (codnis aTvisebis xarisxi, kritikulad gaazreba) da
mravlismomcvelad (unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba, meti informaciis
dafarva) SeiZleba.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:
damoukidebeli swavleba
maswavleblis mier dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad TiToeuli
moswavle damoukideblad muSaobs, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom
erTi moswavlis miRweva srulebiT ar aris damokidebuli sxva
moswavleebis warmateba-warumateblobaze. moswavleebi konkretuli miznis miRwevis procesSi ar TanamSromloben. Aam dros
erTi moswavlis mizani ar aris dakavSirebuli Tanaklaselis
mizanTan, samuSaos Semsrulebeli pasuxismgebelia mxolod sakuTar TavTan da pedagogTan.
maswavleblis instruqciis magaliTi / maTematikis gakveTili
` Tqven geZlevaT 25 wuTi imisaTvis, rom TiToeulma moswavlem damoukideblad amoxsnas dafaze mocemuli 3 magaliTi.
TiToeuli Tqvengani damoukideblad Sefasdeba.~ aswavlebeli
daasaxelebs dros, romelsac gamoyofs am samuSaos SesrulebisaTvis. moswavleebi sxedan da muSaoben.
konkurentuli swavleba
aq moswavle acnobierebs, rom maswavleblis mier dasaxul mizans igi warmatebiT miaRwevs da gaimarjvebs mxoloddamxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki igi sxva moswavleebze ukeT SeZlebs amocanis gadaWras da Tu sxva moswavleebi masTan konkurenciaSi
32
damarcxdebian, rac niSnavs, rom TiToeuli moswavle dainteresebulia sxva moswavleze/konkurentze ukeT Seasrulos davaleba.
AaseTi muSaobisas erTis warmateba meores (Tanaklaselis) warumateblobaSia, misi warmatebis safuZveli samuSaos sxvaze
ukeTesad da masze swrafad Sesrulebaa, mas ar adardebs Tanagundelis/Tanaklaselis interesebi da koncentrirebulia
mxolod sakuTar Tavze.
maswavleblis instruqciis magaliTi / maTematikis gakveTili:
` Tqven geZlevaT zustad 20 wuTi imisaTvis, rom amoxsnaT
dafaze mocemuli amocana. umaRles Sefasebas daimsaxurebs is,
vinc yvelaze swrafad daasrulebs samuSaos da, amavdroulad,
swor pasuxs miiRebs. vinc pirveli daasrulebs samuSaos, maniSnos xelis aweviT!~
TanamSromlobiTi swavleba
TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis SemTxvevaSi TiToeuli moswavle
acnobierebs, rom maswavleblis mier dasaxuli miznis miRwevis
erTaderTi gza TanaklaselebTan TanamSromlobaa. erTis gamarjveba niSnavs yvelas gamarjvebas, rac gulisxmobs gunduri
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis gamZafrebas da, amavdroulad, xels
uwyobs naklebad stresuli, ufro jansaRi, TanamSromlobaze
orientirebuli saswavlo atmosferos Camoyalibebas. aq moswavle aRwevs dasaxul mizans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki
misi Tanagundelic masaviT warmatebulia, radganac gundis/jgufis warmateba misi TiToeuli wevris warmatebas gulisxmobs.
jgufis wevrebi aramxolod uSualod ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs,
aramed damokidebulnic arian erTmaneTze.
Mmaswavleblis instruqciis magaliTi/maTematikis gakveTili:
`me klass davyof 3 4 kacian jgufebad. TiToeul jgufs
eZleva zustad 20 wuTi imisaTvis, rom amoxsnas dafaze mocemuli amocana. yoveli jgufi Camabarebs daaxloebiT orgverdian namuSevars, romelSic asaxuli iqneba gundis mier amocanis
amoxsnis gzebi da swori pasuxi. SeecadeT, imuSaoT harmoniulad da maqsimalurad daexmaroT erTmaneTs! daacadeT erTmaneTs azris bolomde gamoxatva. xelaRebiT da daufiqreblad nu
gaakritikebT erTmaneTis mosazrebebs. imuSaveT ise, rom Tqvenma
xmamaRalma saubarma sxva jgufebs xeli ar SeuSalos.
33
gakveTilis bolos ki dagirigebT patara kiTxvars, romlis

Sevsebasac gundis TiToeul wevrs vTxov. amiT me momecema saSualeba, rom Sevafaso Tqveni samuSaos warmarTvis unar-Cvevebi da
TiToeuli Tqvenganis mier samuSaos warmatebiT SesrulebaSi
Setanili wvlili. Sevsebul kiTxvars da namuSevars gakveTilis
bolos erTad CamabarebT. iqamde ki jgufebi mokled warmogvidgenen TavianT miRwevebs. jgufSi Tavidanve gamoyaviT erTi wevri,
romelic prezentatoris rols Seasrulebs.~
kiTxvari gundis TiToeuli wevrisaTvis / nimuSi
1 ra gaakeTeT an TqviT iseTi, rac Tqvens gunds daexmara samuSaos SesrulebaSi?
2 ramdenad nayofierad imuSava gundma, rogorc erTma

mTlianobam? ra iyo amis mizezi?
34
3 daafiqsireT, iyo Tu ara rame xelisSemSleli faqtori. Semdegi

jgufuri muSaobis dros ras gaakeTebdiT sxvanairad?
damoukidebeli, konkurentuli da TanamSromlobiTi swavlebis danergva xels Seuwyobs TiToeuli moswavlis SesaZleblobebis maqsimalur gamovlenas, radgan, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
zogisTvis damoukideblad muSaoba ufro karg Sedegs iZleva,
zogi sakuTar potencials konkurenciis pirobebSi ukeTesad
avlens, sxva TanamSromlobisa da gundurobis SegrZnebis dros
viTardeba yvelaze metad. maTi sistematuri da mizanmimarTuli
gamoyeneba maswavlebels sasurveli Sedegis miRwevaSi daexmareba.
ismis bunebrivi kiTxvebi: rogori swavleba unda gamoviyenoT
ufro xSirad? romel maTgans mivaniWoT upiratesoba? Uaqvs Tu
ara am mxriv mniSvneloba asakobriv jgufs da a.S.
amgvar kiTxvebze naTeli pasuxis gasacemad movixmobT metaforas. swavlisa da swavlebis gamocdileba, anu swavlis procesSi moswavleebs Soris da moswavleebsa da maswavlebels
Soris Camoyalibebuli saqmiani urTierTdamokidebulebis stili warmovidginoT mxatvris palitrad. mocemul SemTxvevaSi
pedagogi mxatvris funqcias Seasrulebs, radganac swored mis
Sexedulebebsa da profesionalizmzea damokidebuli, Tu rogor
Seazavebs ferebs. pedagogma rom karg Sedegs miaRwios, samive
saxis swavleba unda gamoiyenos, moswavleebma ki yvela is unarCveva unda gamoimuSaon, romelic daexmareba maT, rom Tavisuflad gaarTvan Tavi gansxvavebuli ti pis situaciebs.
35
samive saxis swavleba saswavlo procesis sxvadasxva ti pis

meTodebiTa da aqtivobebiT datvirTvas gulisxmobs, rogorebicaa: simulaciebi da roluri TamaSebi, proeqtebi da kvlevebi,
Sejibrebebi, vizualuri masalis gamoyeneba, prezentaciebi, metaforebi da analogiebi, aqtivobebi codnis organizebisa da gameorebisaTvis, saazrovno kiTxvebi, jgufebSi, wyvilebsa da triadebSi muSaoba, metakogniciaze muSaoba da sxv.
Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi mocemul yvela SekiTxvaze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da
gaeciT pasuxebi
36
pedagogi yovelTvis unda cdilobdes, rom swavlisa da

swavlebis procesSi moswavle maqsimalurad aqtiuri iyos;
maqsimalur Sedegs swavlebis sxvadasxva midgomis situaciebisa da saWiroebebis mixedviT gamoyeneba iZleva;
am TavSi ganxiluli swavlebis sami saxe Zireulad
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. unda gvaxsovdes, rom yoveli
maTgani Taviseburad efeqturi da unikaluria da klasSi
yvela maTgani unda gamoviyenoT.
37
swavlebis strategiebi

ratom aris mniSvnelovani swavlebis sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba;
rogor unda gamoiyenoT
moswavleze orientirebuli
swavlebisTvis gansazRvruli aqtivobebi saswavlo praqtikaSi;
rogor gavaumjobesoT swavlebis procesi
sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyenebiT.
swavlebis

1 ra strategiebi gamoiyeneba moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis dros?
2 rogor davexmaroT moswavles yuradRebis koncentrirebasa da
sakiTxze fokusirebaSi?
3 ratom aris mniSvnelovani metakogniciis ganviTareba?
4
ra daxmarebas uwevs moswavles kognituri diagramebiT muSaoba?
5 ra mizans isaxavs simulaciebis, proeqtebisa da prezentaciebis

gamoyeneba?
6
38
riTi gansxvavdeba prezentacia gakveTilis moyolisagan?
*****
swavla rom saxaliso, saintereso procesad da namdvil inteleqtualur gamowvevad iqces, pedagogma Tavisi swavleba sxvadasxvagvari strategiis gamoyenebiT unda datvirTos. mimovixiloT zogierTi maTgani.
aqtivobebi yuradRebis
fokusirebisaTvis
koncentrirebisa
da
sakiTxze
Tuki maswavleblis mizania, rom maqsimalurad mii pyros moswavleebis yuradReba da daafiqros isini ama Tu im sakiTxze, mas
saamisod garkveuli strategiebi dasWirdeba, romlebic:
xels uwyobs moswavles yuradRebis mobilizebaSi;
aaqtiurebs mis wina codnas;
exmareba masalis mTlianobaSi gaazrebaSi;
uviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas;
uviTarebs kiTxvis dasmis unar-Cvevas;
uCvenebs, ra aris mniSvnelovani mocemul masalaSi;
miuTiTebs, ra iswavla man am masalis damuSavebiT;
umaRlebs motivacias;
uviTarebs weriT unar-Cvevebs.

imdenad, ramdenadac, zogierTi strategiis meSveobiT maswavlebeli moswavles struqturas da safexureobriv midgomas
sTavazobs, isini yuradRebis koncentrirebasac uwyoben xels:
strategia - vici/ minda vicode/gavige
kornelis grafa
kognituri diagramebi/saazrovno sqemebi da a.S.
39
nimuSebi:
strategia: vici - minda gavigo - ra gavige
ras iTxovs maswavlebeli?

Mmaswavlebeli avalebs TiToeul moswavles, rom teqstis
wakiTxvamde, mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Seavsos pirveli
da meore grafa, teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg ki - mesame.
vici
Mminda gavigo
ra gavige
strategia: aqtiuri kiTxva + kornelis meTodi

Mmaswavleblis pirveli moTxovnaa, rom moswavlem gadaxedos
dasamuSavebel masalas. sakuTar Tavs dausvas Semdegi kiTxva:
ra vici mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb? Semdeg ki CainiSnos informacia, rac am sakiTxis Sesaxeb aqvs.
Mmaswavleblis meore moTxovnaa, rom moswavlem werilobiT Camoayalibos Sesasrulebeli samuSaos mizani.Ggasces pa-
40
suxi Semdeg kiTxvebs: ratom vkiTxulob am teqsts? risi swavlisa da gagebis imedi maqvs teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg?
Mmaswavleblis mesame moTxovnaa, rom teqstis kiTxvisas moswavlem dasvas Semdegi kiTxvebi: ra? vin? sad? rodis? rogor?
ratom? Dda am kiTxvebis safuZvelze moazrebuli informacia
CainiSnos.
Mmaswavleblis meoTxe da saboloo moTxovnaa, rom moswavlem xelaxla waikiTxos Tavisi SeniSvnebi da kornelis
grafaSi gakeTebul pirvelad komentarebs daurTos meoreuli,
ukve emociuri komentarebi da Sesworebebi da amiT Seavsos kornelis grafis meore nawili.
Aam strategiis Sesrulebas, rogorc wesi, mosdevs moswavleebs Soris azrTa gaziareba da zogadi saklaso diskusia.
K
kornelis grafa:
Ppirveladi komentari
Mmeoradi komentari
P
(F faqtobrivi)
(emociuri, kritikuli)
41
strategia: 3. 2. 1.
Mmaswavlebeli iTxovs, rom moswavleebma ori-sami winadadebiT
Camoweron:

3 ram, ramac damainteresa
2 ram, razec meti minda gavigo
1 ram, rasac gavakritikebdi / ris Sesaxebac davwer davalebas
strategia: ra damamaxsovrdeba klasis datovebis Semdeg

Mmaswavlebeli gakveTilis dasrulebamde 10 wuTiT adre
urigebs moswavleebs mcire zomis furclebs da avalebs maT,
rom gaaformon igi (daaweron TavianTi saxeli da gvari da a.
S.), Semdeg ki erTi momcro abzacis meSveobiT, mwyobrad da marTlweris normebis dacviT, Camoayalibon TavianTi azri, gamoxmaureba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aswavla da gaagebina maT am konkretulma gakveTilma, wakiTxulma teqstma, an nanaxma filmma. ra
daamaxsovrdebaT mas Semdeg, roca saklaso oTaxs datoveben.
ra damamaxsovrdeba klasis datovebis Semdeg
saxeli da gvari---------------------------------------klasi--------------------------------------------------gakveTilis Tema---------------------------------------TariRi--------------------------------------------------
42
aqtivobebi codnis
ganviTarebisaTvis
gaTavisebisa
da
metakogniciis
samuSaoebi, romlebic am ti pis aqtivobebs iTvaliswinebs,

tradiciuli swavlebisas TiTqmis ignorirebulia. moswavleze
orientirebuli swavleba ki amgvar muSaobas gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebs.
Mmetakognicia sakuTari moqmedebis, azrovnebis,
mexsierebis, aRqmis, yuradRebis Tu swavlis Sesaxeb warmodgenas gulisxmobs.
moswavle cdilobs, gaaanalizos da gaacnobieros Tavisi saswavlo procesi, akademiuri moswreba, sisusteebi
da Zlieri mxareebi, TviTon areguliros swavlis
procesi, dasaxos adekvaturi prioritetebi, dagegmos da organizeba gaukeTos Tavis dros, muSaobis wesebs, saswavlo grafiks.
ix. I gv. 119
es urTulesi ramaa, cxadia, moswavleebi Tavidan amgvari

samuSaoebis Catarebas damoukideblad, maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe ver SeZleben, magram isic unda aRiniSnos, rom
es unar-Cveva droTa ganmavlobaSi viTardeba. pedagogma didi
yuradReba unda miaqcios imas, rom moswavleebma aramxolod
iswavlon masala, aramed gamoimuSaon TavianTi swavlis procesis marTvis unari. moviyvanT am ti pis aqtivobebis ramdenime
nimuSs.
43
situacia 1
lizis nawerSi tavtologiebi aqvs. maswavlebelma mas daavala, rom amoweros xSirad naxmari sityvebi da aagos sinonimTa
sqemebi sinonimTa da ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis gamoyenebiT.
am samuSaos SesrulebiT lizi gaacnobierebs, Tu ra problema aqvs nawerSi da rogor unda daZlios igi.
situacia 2
sandro mSromeli da naTeli gonebis bavSvia, magram uWirs
drois ganawileba. amis gamo xSirad problemebi eqmneba, ver aswrebs samuSaos Sesrulebas, amitom bevrs nerviulobs da ver
muSaobs kargad.
maswavlebeli avalebs mas, Seadginos mocemul kviraSi gasakeTebeli samuSaoebis nusxa, daalagos isini dReebis mixedviT
da TiToeul davalebas miuweros, daaxloebiT ramdeni dro
dasWirdeba mis Sesasruleblad.
ase sandro SeZlebs prioritetebis dasaxvas, saqmis dagegmarebas da drois racionalur ganawilebas.
saazrovno sqemebi anu kognituri diagramebi
kognituri diagramebiT muSaoba

moswavleebs gakveTilze
miwodebuli mniSvnelovani informaciis aRqmaSi exmareba. moswavleebs xelT eZlevaT teqstis, ideis, sakiTxis kontrolis
meqanizmi, romelic nawilisa da mTelis, cnebisa da detalebis
urTierTmimarTebis dadgenasa da vizualurad danaxvaSi daexmarebaT. kognituri diagramebiT muSaoba moswavleTa aqtivobisa da damoukideblobis zrdis kargi saSualebaa. swavlebis
procesSiKkognituri diagramebis gamoyenebam mniSvnelovnad
Secvala pedagogis roli da funqcia, gauadvila maswavleblebs
struqturirebuli, saqmiani gakveTilebis dagegmva, xelT misca
44
akademiuri progresis da unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis kontrolisa da Sefasebis sakmaod moqnili teqnika, swavlebisa da swavlis procesi ufro mravalferovani da SemoqmedebiTi gaxada.
kognituri diagramebis saSualebiT moswavle:
anawevrebs mocemul informacias;
organizebas ukeTebs informacias;
Seicnobs mTelisa da detalebis urTierTmimarTebas;
eCveva kritikul azrovnebas;
swavlobs damoukideblad muSaobas.
rodis da rogor gamoiyeneba kognituri diagramebi:
gamoiyeneba rogorc axali masalis gacnoba-warmodgenisas, aseve masalis AaTvisebis Semdeg Semajamebeli
samuSaos Catarebis dros;
gamoiyeneba rogorc teqstis kiTxvisa da damuSavebis,
aseve weriTi samuSaos dawyebis dros;
gamoiyeneba rogorc saSinao davalebis, aseve saklaso
samuSaos Catarebis dros;
gamoiyeneba rogorc individualurad, aseve jgufebSi
muSaobis dros.
nimuSebi:
movlenaTa jaWvi
moswavleebma unda Seavson es sqema da unda daafiqsiron movlenebis /faqtebis urTierTkavSiri.
45
sqema gonebrivi ieriSisTvis/idea, Temebi, qveTemebi, detalebi,

momijnave sakiTxebi
moswavleebma sqema unda Seavson da zogadad unda moiazron
sakiTxi.
46
saxeli da gvari _________________________________________
mTavari SekiTxva
rodis?
ra?
vin?
(saTauri)
(mTavari SekiTxva)
sad?
(mTavari pasuxi, anu Tezisi)
rogor?
ratom?
47
Sedareba
msgavsebebi:
gansxvavebebi:
48
TanamedroveobasTan Sedareba
nawarmoebSi aRwerili realoba
Tanamedroveoba / piradi gamocdileba
msgavsebebi:
gansxvavebebi:
49
saorganizacio sqema: wrewiri
50
saorganizacio sqema: venis diagrama
saorganizacio sqema: gadajaWvuli cnebebi
51
saorganizacio sqema: gadajaWvuli
gansxvavebebi:
gansxvavebebi:
msgavsebebi:
52
saorganizacio sqema / drois cxrili

sqemis Sevseba daexmareba moswavleebs qronologiis
dadgenasa da danaxvaSi
53
problema da misi gadaWris sqema
problema
mizezebi
gadaWris gzebi:
54
movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba
viRacas
joyolas
undoda
Zmis mkvlelis sisxlis aReba
magram
ver icno droulad da
amitom
stumrad mosuli veRar gaimeta

sasikvdilod
viRacas
undoda
magram
amitom
55
sityvebis ruka
ganmarteba
sinonimi
sityva, an termini
antonimi
ilustracia
56
sityvebis ruka
sakuTari ganmarteba
sinonimebi
sityva, an termini
konteqstis mixedviT mniSvneloba
ilustracia
57
pedagogma moswavleebs saazrovno sqemebis mniSvneloba unda

auxsnas da, amasTanave, maTi gamoyenebac unda aswavlos. SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma Tavdapirvelad Tavad Seavsos ramdenime nimuSi klasis winaSe imis sailustraciod, Tu rogor
unda gamoiyenon moswavleebma diagramebi. Semdeg ki nebismieri
sakiTxis Tu konteqstis mimarT unda daavalos maT saazrovno
sqemebiT muSaoba. droTa ganmavlobaSi moswavleebi aiTviseben
am xerxis gamoyenebis teqnikas, Tavadac SearCeven adekvatur
saazrovno sqemas da metic, survilic ki gauCndebaT, rom TviTon
Seqmnan sqema, romelic davalebis ti ps yvelaze ukeT moergeba.
metaforebi da analogiebi
metaforebisa da analogiebis swavlebaSi gamoyeneba erTerTi saSualebaa saimisod, rom moswavleebs TvalnaTliv davanaxoT msgavseba-gansxvavebebi da amgvarad davakavSirebinoT
axali informacia sxva sagnebTan, nacnob, naswavl sakiTxebsa da
movlenebTan. magaliTad:
1. literaturis maswavlebeli xsnis riTmas, moyavs
magaliTebi poeziidan. aq mas SeuZlia moiyvanos simetriis
analogia, rac moswavleebs maTematikaSi aqvT naswavli;
2. aseve, SesaZlebelia, rom maTematikis maswavlebelma,
romelic xsnis albaTobas, gamoiyenos mcenareTa damtvervis
analogia botanikidan.
aseTi midgoma moswavleebSi xels uwyobs sakiTxis Rrma wvdomas da samomavlod damaxsovrebas. amavdroulad, amyarebs
disci plinaTSoris (saganTSoris) kavSirebs da saswavlo programas moswavleebs erT mTlianobad moaazrebinebs.
58
roluri TamaSebi/simulaciebi
roluri TamaSebi/simulaciebi erT-erTi yvelaze SemoqmedebiTi meTodia. igi, rogorc wesi,

didi mowonebiT sargeblobs moswavleebSi da enTuziazmiT aRavsebs maT. simulaciebi jgufuri
muSaobis formaa.
ix. III gv. 46
roluri TamaSebis dros maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs,

rom airCion romelime personaJi, siuJeti, situacia, istoriuli
figura, mwerali an mecnieri, gaaigivon sakuTari Tavi masTan,
dadgan patara, daaxloebiT 8-10 wuTiani scena, romelSic gadmoscemen, rogorc avtoris/wyaros ZiriTad Sinaarss, aseve sakuTar interpretacias, damokidebulebas an Sefasebas. simulaciebSi interpretaciebi, SemoqmedebiTi svlebi dasaSvebi da metic,
misasalmebelia.
swavlebis aRniSnuli xerxi xels uwyobs: sakiTxis Rrma
wvdomas, mis emociur doneze gaTavisebas, sakiTxis ara mokle,
aramed xangrZlivi droiT damaxsovrebas, informaciis Sefasebas
da organizebas, SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas, saswavlo procesSi maqsimalur CarTvas da motivaciis amaRlebas.
simulaciebis organizeba rTuli ar aris. mTavaria, rom maswavlebelma ramdenime mniSvnelovani sakiTxi gaiTvaliswinos:
man unda waaxalisos moswavleebi improvizaciisTvis, SesaZlebelia, mosTxovos maT scenari an scenaris ti pis martivi monaxazi,
roluri gadanawileba, dadgmis dedaazris mkafiod da werilobiT dafiqsireba; SesaZlebelia martivi dekoraciis, TviTnakeTi
resursebis, kostiumebis elementebis moTxovnac. uaRresad saintereso iqneba, Tuki moswavleebi SemoqmedebiTad gamoiyeneben
teqnologiur saSualebebsac: kompiuters, video/audio saSualebebs, daamzadeben posterebs da a.S. sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma, moswavleebma an damswreebma TiToeuli roluri TamaSis Semdeg jgufs TavianTi konstruqciuli kritika SesTavazon,
Seafason maTi Semoqmedeba, aRniSnon susti da Zlieri mxareebi.
59
situacia 3.
qarTulis maswavlebelma moswavleebs daavala, moemzadebinaT
simulacia n. baraTaSvilis nawarmoebze `bedi qarTlisa.~
rolebi: erekle mefe, msajuli solomoni, darbazis sxva wevrebi.
erT-erTma jgufma scena ase gaaTamaSa:
dekoracia - aragvis napirebi TviTnakeTi resursebiT iyo gaformebuli. erekle mefe da solomon msajuli saubrobdnen bunebis wiaRSi.
`msaxiobebma~ warmoadgines ori mxaris pozicia saqarTveloruseTis SeerTebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic
TavianT, prozaulad daweril teqstTan erTad, citatebiT iyo Selamazebuli.
Semdeg erT-erTma moswavlem gamoitana posteri, gaformebuli
saqarTvelos ulamazesi fotoebiT/xedebiT, romelzec ewera: 10
wlis Semdeg...
gaTamaSda momdevno scena: ramdenime moswavle daCoqili zis,
Tavze rusuli Cin-medlebiT guldamSvenebuli `kaci~ adgas, saxazaviT xelSi da dahyviris: imuSaveT, imuSaveT!
daCoqilebi yayaneben.
rusis moxele ki ufro brazdeba da yviris: iSromeT, dRes me
viZlevi brZanebebs, Tqvens yayans ra azri aqvs! kidev erTi epoleti unda davikido gulze! mere ki mimRereT da erTi Tqveneburad
icekveT kidev, miyvars qarTuli cekva-simRera, marTobs da Tan
Rvinis smis xasiaTzec mayenebs! kargi Rvino gaqvT qarTvelebs!
amgvarad, moswavleebma gaiazres teqstSi dasmuli problema
da Tan TavianTi damokidebuleba da Sefaseba gamoxates sakiTxis mimarT. daafiqsires, rom saqarTvelo ruseTis koloniad
iqca da es maTTvis damamcirebelia.
problemaze orientirebuli swavleba da proeqtebi
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebis arsi isaa, rom pedagogma moswavleebs daanaxos sakiTxi, problema, romelic mravalgvari midgomiTa da gziT SeiZleba gadaiWras, romelzec ar
arsebobs erTi swori an araswori pasuxi, saWiroebs Ziebas, alternativebis daSvebas da ideebis Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebas.
moswavleebma unda gamoiyenon naswavli masala/informacia da
problemis gadaWris maTeuli xedva unda miusadagon realuri
60
cxovrebis miznebsa da moTxovnebs. amgvari sakiTxebi kvlevis

Catarebas moiTxovs, rac azrovnebis iseT kompleqsur unarebs
unda efuZnebodes, rogorebicaa: analizi, sinTezi, Sedareba, Sefaseba, gansja.
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebiT moswavleebs uviTardebaT is unar-Cvevebi, romlebsac mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi yoveldRiurad gamoiyeneben. es problemis gadaWris,
drois ganawilebis, saqmis dagegmarebis da sakiTxis SemoqmedebiTi xedvis unaria. am ti pis swavleba ramdenime safexurs
gulisxmobs. esenia:
problemis gamokveTa da sityvieri formulireba;
arsebuli informaciis/gamocdilebis Segroveba problemasTan dakavSirebiT;
problemis gadaWris (SemoqmedebiTi, araordinaluri gadawyvetis) gzebis Zieba.
cxadia, aseT rTul analitikur samuSaos moswavle marto
ver gaarTmevs Tavs. amitom, rogorc wesi, am ti pis muSaobas
safuZvlad diskusia, jgufuri muSaoba, mowveul stumrebTan dialogi, eqspertebTan interviuebi udevs. xSirad maswavlebeli
Tavad awvdis xolme moswavleebs savaraudo, asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT mizanSewonil sakiTxTa nusxas, saidanac moswavleebi
Tavad irCeven maTTvis saintereso da daZlevad sakiTxs. aseve
mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli
literatura da resursebi Seafasos kiTxvadobisa da sirTulis
TvalsazrisiT da Sesabamisi rekomendacia gauwios moswavles.
problemaze orientirebuli swavlebiT miRweuli Sedegis warmoCineba proeqtebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba. proeqti diferencirebuli swavlebis umniSvnelovanesi komponentia:
amZafrebs damoukideblobis, zrdasrulobis gancdas, aviTarebs
rogorc damoukidebeli, aseve gunduri muSaobis unar-Cvevebs
da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, informacias, naswavl masalas
uaRresad saxaliso da inteleqtualurad datvirTul cxovrebiseul gamocdilebad aqcevs.
proeqtis ganxorcielebis procesSi maswavlebeli moswavles
ramdenime kriteriumsa da zust miTiTebas aZlevs, riTac moswavlem unda ixelmZRvanelos. davasaxeloT sxvadasxva ti pis
proeqtis ramdenime magaliTi:
61
#1
geometriis gakveTilze maswavlebelma daavala moswavleTa
jgufs, rom maswavleblis mier miwodebuli masalebiT aegoT
iseTi maRali konstruqcia, romelic damoukideblad gaCerebas/
dgomas SeZlebda. amavdroulad, davalebis nawils Seadgenda
miTiTeba, romlis mixedviTac moswavleebs muSaobis procesi
safexureobrivad unda aReweraT.
#2
istoriis maswavlebelma daavala moswavleebs, rom
gaerkviaT, ra ganasxvavebs gmirs warmatebuli liderisgan. moeyvanaT gmiris da lideris magaliTebi.
#3
biologiis maswavlebelma daavala moswavleebs, rom SeedginaT dRis jansaRi kvebis racioni, gamoeyenebinaT kompiuteri
da SeeqmnaT sareklamo broSura, romliTac popularizacias
gauwevdnen jansaR kvebas.

pasuxebi.
62

ganxiluli strategiebiT pedagogs SeuZlia, saswavlo
procesi ufro mravalferovani da Sedegiani gaxados;
rekomendebulia, rom sanam pedagogi, saklaso aqtivobis
saxiT, romelime strategias gamoiyenebs, gaacnos kolegebs
gadawyvetileba da gaiTvaliswinos maTi azric;
uaRresad mniSvnelovania, pedagogma gaacnobierebinos
Tavis moswavleebs, rom amgvari strategiebiT muSaobis mizani iseTi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaa, romlebic maT mTeli
momavali cxovrebis manZilze gamoadgebaT, anu pedagogma
Tavis moswavleebs amiT swavlis praqtikuli mniSvneloba
unda daanaxos;
swavlebis mravalgvari strategiiT datvirTva uzrunvelyofs mravalferovan da saintereso saswavlo process,
amasTan, amcirebs disci plinur problemebs, radgan zrdis
saswavlo procesSi CarTulobis xarisxs da met aqtiurobas,
iniciativasa da qmediTobas moiTxovs moswavlisgan.
63
gakveTilis dagegmva

rogor gansazRvroT gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi;
rogor dagegmoT gakveTili saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad;
ra mniSvelovani aspeqtebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas;

rodis SeiZleba CaiTvalos gakveTili efeqturad/efeqtianad.
situacia
ix. gv. 77
64
erT-erT kaTedris sxdomaze maswavleblebma

gadawyvites, ganexilaT Sedegebi, romlebsac moswavleebma ori kviris ganmavlobaSi miaRwies. yvela
maswavlebelma moitana Catarebuli gakveTilebis
gegmebi. gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis CamonaTvalis analizma aCvena, rom ZiriTadad, maswavleblebi moswavleebisagan moiTxovdnen Temis
Seswavlas, sityvierad da werilobiT gadmocemas,
gagebas, damaxsovrebas, amocanis amoxsnas. aseve
gamoirkva, rom maswavleblebi ar iyenebdnen ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis xerxebs, rac imaze mianiSnebda, rom maswavleblebi ar iTvaliswinebdnen moswavleTa saWiroebebsa da SesaZleblobebs
momdevno gakveTilis dagegmvis dros.
kaTedris gamgem sTxova maswavleblebs, daekavSirebinaT

gakveTilis miznebi sagnis saswavlo gegmaSi mocemul SedegebTan. saswavlo gegmis Sedegebis ganxilvam maswavleblebs
naTlad uCvena, rom maT mier gansazRvruli gakveTilis miznebi
naklebad emsaxureboda saswavlo gegmaSi mocemuli Sedegebis
miRwevas.
65
xSirad maswavleblebi meqanikurad mihyvebian saxelmZRvaneloebSi aRweril gakveTilebs, radgan miaCniaT, rom avtorebs
yvelaferi winaswar aqvT ganWvretili da maT gakveTilebis
dasagegmad zedmeti Zalisxmeva ar sWirdebaT. warmatebulma
maswavleblebma ician, rom ar arsebobs ori erTnairi klasi da
moswavle. avtorebs gauWirdebaT iseTi universaluri wignebis
dawera, romelebic TiToeuli moswavlis SesaZleblobebs da
saWiroebebs gaiTvaliswinebs. aqedan gamomdinare, maswavleblis
movaleobaa, wignSi mocemuli gakveTilebi moargos moswavleTa
saWiroebebs da saswavlo miznebi wina gakveTilebis analizze
dafuZnebiT gansazRvros.
dagegmvis dros warmatebuli maswavlebeli fiqrobs, ra unda,
iswavlon moswavleebma. mis samagido wigns saswavlo gegma
warmoadgens. saswavlo gegmaSi mocemuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maswavlebeli aZlevs saswavlo process mimarTulebas da marTavs mas.
imisaTvis, rom erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi ufro
naTeli gaxdes, gavixsenoT, Tu rogor swavlobdnen moswavleebi Zveli ganaTlebis sistemis moTxovnebiT da ra siaxleebi
Semoitana erovnulma saswavlo gegmam.
Tuki manamde moTxovnebi ZiriTadad moicavda faqtebis, movlenebis cnobasa da dasaxelebas, maT aRweras, teqstis ZiriTadi
informaciis gadmocemas, sagnebisa da movlenebis daxarisxeba/
dajgufebas d.a.S.
axali moTxovnebi, garda zemoTCamoTvlilisa, iTvaliswinebsMmovlenis mizezis axsnas; procesis kanonzomierebis gamovlenas; mizezebsa da Sedegebs Soris
kavSirebis dadgenas; hi poTezis wamoyenebas; kvlevis dagegmvas; SemoqmedebiTi
produqtis Seqmnas; problemis gadaWris alternatiuli gzebis wamoyenebas; problemis gadaWrisaTvis saWiro moqmedebebis dagegmvas; sakuTari poziciis argumentirebul dasabuTebas;
garkveul kriteriumebze an standartebze dayrdnobiT daskvnebis gakeTebas; poziciisa da misi kontrargumentebis ganxilvis
safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanas; problemis gadaWris ramdenime
gzidan erT- erTis arCevis marTebulobis dasabuTebas; modelis moqmedebis Sefasebas; mtkicebulebis
mniSvnelovnebis
dazustebas.
CamonaTvalidan cxadia, rom axali moTxovnebi Zvels ar
uaryofs, magram imdenad didia axali moTxovnebis wili, rom
Cndeba gakveTilis miznebis axleburad gaazrebis saWiroeba.
66
ras warmoadgens gakveTilis saswavlo mizani? gakveTilis mizani gamomdinareobs saswavlo gegmaSi mocemuli Sedegebidan. saswavlo mizanSi aisaxeba is, Tu ras unda miaRwion
da ra codna da unar-Cvevebi unda SeiZinon moswavleebma. ra
gvsurs vaswavloT da iswavlon moswavleebma. garda saswavlo
gegmaSi mocemuli Sedegebisa, maswavlebeli saswavlo miznebs
SeimuSavebs moswavlis saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
mizani ar asaxavs process, is gansazRvravs mosalodnel
Sedegs an, SeiZleba vTqvaT, gakveTilis sasurvel dasasruls.
gakveTilis dagegmvis dros maswavleblis pirvelad amocanas
warmoadgens realisturi miznebis dasaxva, romlis miRweva 45
wuTSia SesaZlebeli.
magaliTad, gakveTilis mizani SeiZleba ase JRerdes: moswavleebs ecodinebaT, ra ricxvSi SeeTanxmeba Semasmeneli mravlobiTSi dasmul qvemdebares, SeeZlebaT gamoicnon araswori
konstruqciebi da gaasworon Secdomebi.
67
rogori unda iyos kargi gakveTilis gegma

gakveTilis mizani unda akonkretebdes, Tu ra codnasa da
unar-Cvevas miiRebs moswavle.
gakveTilis Sefaseba mWidrod unda ukavSirdebodes gakveTilis mizans. es ar unda iyos ubralod imis aRwera, miaRwia Tu
ara maswavlebelma mizans.
Ddakonkretebulia, Tu ra codna da unarebia aucilebeli
moswavlisaTvis, rom gakveTili warmatebuli iyos. ra informacias floben moswavleebi aRniSnul TemasTan dakavSirebiT da
ras Seiswavlian axals. aseve gaTvaliswinebulia moswavleebis
interesebi.
saswavlo masalebi gakveTilis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul aqtivobebs unda ukavSirdebodes.

swavleba gansazRvruli miznis misaRwevad unda iyos efeqturi. efeqturoba gulisxmobs ufro metis miRwevas erTi da
imave resursebis gamoyenebiT.
moswavlis aqtivobebi, romlebic gakveTilis gegmaSia gaTvaliswinebuli, zustad unda Seesabamebodes da emsaxurebodes
gakveTilis mizans. aqtivobebi imisTvis ar unda iyos dagegmili,
rom moswavleebi, ubralod, daakavoT gakveTilze.
gakveTilis gegmaSi unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rogor daiwyebT
gakveTils, rom moswavleebs SeeqmnaT saTanado ganwyoba. SeiZleba wina masalaze dasvaT kiTxvebi da igi daukavSiroT axal
masalas, an mokled uTxraT moswavleebs, raze isaubrebT da
dausvaT zogadi kiTxvebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. gauCinoT
moswavleebs ganwyoba, rom es sakiTxi mniSvnelovania.
ufro meti konkretikisTvis gTavazobT gakveTilis gegmis

erT-erT formats. aqve davamatebT, rom maswavleblebs TviTon
SeaqvT cvlilebebi am gegmaSi da iseT gegmebs iyeneben, romelic
maTi saswavlo procesisTvis ufro mosaxerxebeli da efeqturia.
68
saswavlo miznebi
saswavlo miznebi gamoxataven imas, rasac swavlis procesSi
unda mivaRwioT, anu ra codna da unar-Cvevebi unda SeiZinon
moswavleebma. SegiZliaT daweroT, me minda Cemma moswavleebma
icodnen, gaigon, aRweron, Seadaron, Seqmnan, gaanalizon, Seafason, da a.S. mizani unda ukavaSirdebodes saswavlo gegmis Sedegebs. igi
qmnis safuZvels, rogorc moswavleebis progresis SemowmebisaTvis, aseve maswavleblebis TviTSefasebisaTvis. gansazRvravs
mosalodnel saswavlo Sedegebs.
winapirobebi
aRwereT ra unda icodes da risi gakeTeba unda SeeZlos moswavles, rom gakveTili iyos warmatebuli. kvlevebi adastureben,
rom daaxloebiT 70 procenti imisa, rasac moswavle swavlobs,
damokidebulia Sesabamis wina codnasa da unarze.
miRwevis saSualebebi
gakveTilis mimdinareoba
rogor iwyebT gakveTils, rogoria gakveTilis mimdinareoba. ra
aqtivobebi gaqvT dagegmili. aqtivobebis SerCevisas dafiqrdiT,
rogor unda miaRwioT dasaxul mizans. miznis misaRwevad ras
gaakeTebT Tqven da ras gaakeTeben moswavleebi? miznis misaRwevad dagWirdebaT erTi Tu ramdenime aqtivobis Catareba?
rogori iqneba aqtivobebis Tanmimdevroba? rogor daasrulebT
gakveTils.

moswavleebis organizeba
rogor movaxdinoT moswavleebis organizeba
da rogor mivusadagoT samuSao maT SesaZleblobebs? rogor vamuSavebT moswavleebs individualurad, wyvilebSi, jgufebSi Tu mTel
klasTan erTad?

drois ganawileba
rogor gavanawiloT dro gakveTilis sxvadasxva
monakveTebze?
romel aqtivobas ramden wuTs davuTmobT?

resursebi
ra mWirdeba iseTi, rac damexmareba saswavlo
procesis efeqtianad warsamarTad?
ra ti pis resursebs gamoviyeneb?
saxelmZRvanelos, Jurnalebs, statiebs, samuSao
furclebs, telefilmebs, internets da a.S.
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damatebiTi aqtivobebi
ra damatebiT aqtivobebs mimarTavT, rom moswavleebma ganamtkicon TavianTi codna. es
SeiZleba iyos saSinao davaleba, an momdevno
gakveTilisTvis dagegmili mcirexniani aqtivoba codnis gasamtkiceblad.
Sefaseba
rogor unda SevamowmoT saswavlo Sedegebi?
ra moqmedebebis Sesruleba unda SeZlon moswavleebma imisTvis, rom vicodeT, mivaRwieT Tu
ara mizans?
TviTSefaseba (gakveTilis dasrulebis Semdeg)
ra iyo gakveTilze kargi, risi gaumjobesebaa sasurveli. gaakeTeT analizi imisa, Tu ra
gsurdaT (mizani) da ras miaRwieT (Sefasebis
Sedegebi).
maswavlebli gegmavs gakveTils da gansazRvravs, miscems

Tu ara moswavleebs arCevanis saSualebas. magaliTad, aZlevs
SesaZleblobas, airCion 5 amocanidan nebismieri sami, an ramdenime dasaxelebuli Temidan dasawerad airCion erTi. rodesac
moswavleebs aqvT arCevanis saSualeba, isini davalebas asruleben xalisiT. arCevanis saSualeba moswavleebs sakuTar ZalebSi
rwmenas matebs, exmareba maT TavianTi SesaZleblobebis SefasebaSi, zrdis pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas. arCevani ganapirobebs
motivacias, pasuxismgeblobas da swavlis survils. Tavisufali
pirovnebis aRzrda gamoricxulia arCevanis SesaZleblobis gareSe. rodesac moswavle akeTebs arCevans, is amiT ukve pasuxismgebelia Tavis moqmedebaze.
metad mniSvnelovania, aqtivobebis Sesasruleblad dadgindes drois limiti. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac moswavleebi
met dros saWiroeben davalebis Sesasruleblad. maswavlebls
SeuZlia, gazardos dro, Tumca, sasurvelia, moswavleebs vaswavloT reglamentis dacva.
gakveTilis dagegmvisas maswvlebli fiqrobs moswavleebis
progresis monitoringze. maswavleblma icis, rom monitoringi
70
saSualebas miscems, droulad gaigos, sworad esmiT Tu ara

moswavleebs aqtivobis arsi, aRweven Tu ara Sesabamis Sedegebs da xom ar aris saWiro aqtivobaSi rame cvlilebis Setana. magaliTad, maswavlebels SeuZlia, mivides moswavlesTan da
gadaamowmos, gasagebia Tu ara misTvis davaleba. SesaZlebelia,
maswavlebels gakveTilis miznis misaRwevad ori an ramdenime
aqtivoba hqondes dagegmili. aseT SemTxvevaSi pirveli aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebli ikvlevs aqtivobis efeqtianobas da mxolod amis Semdeg gadadis momdevno aqtivobaze. Aucilebelia, maswavleblma gaiTvaliswinos komentarebis
gakeTebis aucilebloba moswavleebis mier Sesrulebul samuSaoebze. mas SeuZlia, gaakeTos komentarebi mTeli klasisTvis,
an SeiZleba moswavleebs individualurad misces miTiTebebi,
momavali samuSaobis gasaumjobeseblad. Catarebuli gamokvlevebi adastureben, rom pozitiuri komentarebi da waxaliseba dadebiT gavlenas axdens moswavlis swavlaze. pozitiuri
komentarebi amaRlebs
moswavlis TviTSefasebas da rwmenas
sakuTar SesaZleblobebze. gakveTilis dagegmvis dros maswavlebeli detalurad ganixilavs dagegmvis komponentebs da im
aspeqtebs, romlebmac SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinon gakevTilis
Catarebaze.
maswavlebls dagegmili gakveTilis efeqturobisa da efeqtianobis (efeqtianoba sasurveli Sedegis miRwevas gulisxmobs,
efeqturoba ki erTi da imave resursebis pirobebSi maqsimaluri
Sedegis miRwevas) gansazRvraSi daexmareba qvemoT mocemul
sakiTxebze dafiqreba:
aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli saswavlo miznis miRweva 45
wuTSi;
Seesabameba Tu ara gakveTilis saswavlo miznebi moswavleebis saWiroebebs, maT unarebs, codnas, gamocdilebas, SesaZleblobebs, interess da winawar Catarebul samuSaoebs;
gakveTilis Sinaarsi, SerCeuli saswavlo masala da aqtivobebi emsaxureba Tu ara miznis miRwevas;
vici Tu ara, ra Sedegebis miRebas moveli moswavleebisagan
da rogor Cavatareb moswavleTa progresis monitorings imisaTvis, rom davrwmunde, Seesabameba Tu ara gakveTili moswavleTa
saWiroebebs;
ra ti pis Sefasebis formebs gamoviyeneb, ganmsazRvrels
Tu ganmaviTarebels; ramdenad sworad maqvs dagegmili Sefasebis procesi;
maqvs Tu ara yvela aqtivobis Casatareblad saWiro sagan-
71
manaTleblo resursebi, Semowmebuli maqvs Tu ara aRWurviloba,

winaswar Catarebuli maqvs Tu ara is cda, romelsac moswavleebi Caatareben;
var Tu ara mzad damatebiTi aqtivobebis Casatareblad.
gakveTilis miznebis gansazRvris strategiebis gasaumjobeseblad gaecaniT blumis taqsonomias, romelic dagexmarebaT azrovnebis unaris doneebis gaazrebaSi. blumis Teoriis
mixedviT, arsebobs azrovnebis qveda da zeda doneebi. qveda
doneSi moiazreba codna, gageba da gamoyeneba. xolo zeda doneSi analizi, sinTezi da Sefaseba. vrclad blumis taqsonomiis
Sesaxeb ixileT (meTodologiuri saxelmZRvanelo `rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba,~ an `ganmartebiTi leqsikoni
ganaTlebis specialistebisTvis,~ Tbilisi, 2007, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris gamocema).
saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas gaiTvaliswineT, rom gakveTilis
miznebi unda emsaxurebodes moswavleebSi rogorc qveda, aseve
zeda donis saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebas.
kargi saswavlo gegma jer kidev ar niSnavs warmatebul
gakveTils, Tumca igi warmatebuli gakveTilis erT-erTi mTavari winapirobaa.

saswavlo procesis dagegmva da gakveTilis saswavlo miznebis gansazRvra orientirebulia sagnobriv
saswavlo gegmaSi mocemuli Sedegebis miRwevaze;

gakveTilis miznis gansazRvris dros maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs moswavleebis codnas, unar-Cvevebs,
gamocdilebas, saWiroebebs da interesebs;

gakveTilis miznebi emsaxureba moswavleebSi
rogorc qveda, aseve zeda donis saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebas;
72
Sefaseba

ratom aris mniSvnelovani moswavlis Sefaseba;
rogor unda gamoiyenoT Sefasebis Sedegebi;
rogor unda daukavSiroT erTmaneTs Sefaseba da swavlebis dagegmva;
rodis unda gamoiyenoT ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba;
rodis unda gamoiyenoT mimdinare da Semajamebeli
Sefaseba.

1 ra aris Sefasebis ori umTavresi mizani?
2 ra aris Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi?
3 ra konkretul miznebs isaxavs mimdinare da Semajamebeli Sefaseba?
4 ras niSnavs ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba?
73
Sefaseba swavlisa da swavlebis procesis erT-erTi yvelaze

mniSvnelovani nawilia. Sefaseba aris sagnis, movlenis an procesis Sesabamisobis gansazRvra winaswar dadgenil kriteriumebTan. Sefasebis saSualebiT,Ymaswavlebeli adgens moswavleTa miRwevebis Sesabamisobas saswavlo gegmiTa da sagnobrivi
standartebiT gansazRvrul moTxovnebTan.
Sefaseba maswavlebels aZlevs informacias moswavleebis
winsvlis, miRwevebis da problemebis Sesaxeb, anu imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ramdenad kargad swavloben moswavleebi. meore mxriv, Sefaseba
maswavlebels aZlevs informacias imis Sesaxebac, Tu ramdenad
kargad aswavlis TviTon maswavlebeli da ramdenad Sedegiania
is meTodika, romelsac igi iyenebs. aqedan gamomdinareobs Sefasebis ori umTavresi mizani:
1. moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebis gamovlena da moswavlis swavlis xelSewyoba.
2. swavlebis konkretuli meTodikis da saswavlo programebis efeqtianobis Semowmeba da srulyofa. maswavlebelma unda
icodes, Tu ra konkretul mizans isaxavs moswavlis Sefaseba,
aseve is, Tu rogor unda gamoiyenos informacia, romelsac moswavlis Sefasebis Sedegad iRebs.
swavlebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi Sefasebas mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs. maswavlebelma unda icodes,
Tu ra, rodis, ratom da rogor unda Seafasos. maswavlebeli,
pirvel rigSi, gegmavs, Tu ra Sedegs (an Sedegebs) surs, rom miaRwios; Semdeg gegmavs, Tu rogor Seafasos, aRwevs Tu ara igi
am Sedegs da bolos, gansazRvravs im saSualebebs, romliTac
igi am Sedegis miRwevas Seecdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, Sefasebis
roli umniSvnelovanesia swored imitom, rom misi saSualebiT
maswavlebeli gansazRvravs da adgens im saSualebebs, riTac man
sasurvel Sedegebs unda miaRwios.
qvemoT aRweril situaciaSi naCvenebia, Tu ra mniSvneloba
aqvs Sefasebas maswavleblis mier dagegmili erTi konkretuli
miznis miRwevaSi da ramdenad mniSvnelovania Sefasebis roli,
zogadad, swavlebis dagegmvis procesSi.
74
situacia
me -7 klasis qarTuli enis maswavlebels ar moswons, Tu
rogor metyveleben misi moswavleebi. ama Tu im sakiTxze
msjelobisas isini xSirad akeTeben did pauzebs, uWirT argumentacia, ar asruleben winadadebebs, arasworad svamen maxvilebs,
iyeneben araswor bgerebs da a.S. maswavlebeli miznad isaxavs,
rom moswavleebs metyvelebis unari ganuviTaros. man icis, rom
Sedegi miRweuli iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu garkveuli periodis
Semdeg moswavleebi zemoT CamoTvlil naklovanebebs daZleven
da kargad imetyveleben.
maswavlebeli adgens im kriteriumebs, riTac misaRwevi Sedegebis gazomvas SeZlebs. es kriteriumebia: moswavle metyvelebs
gabmulad, didi pauzebis gareSe; moyavs argumentebi; iyenebs

struqturulad gamarTul winadadebebs; sworad svams maxvilebs; bgerebi sufTaa.
maswavlebeli am kriteriumebs sqemis saxiT ayalibebs da TiToeul maTgans sam xarisxian (yovelTvis, zogjer, arasodes)
Sefasebas aZlevs. amiT igi qmnis misaRwevi Sedegis Sefasebis
instruments -Sefasebis sqemas - romlis erTi nawili ase gamoiyureba:
yovelTvis
zogjer
arasodes
metyvelebs gabmulad
moyavs argumentebi

sworad svams maxvilebs
75
amis Semdeg, maswavlebeli gansazRvravs im saSualebebs, romliTac igi Sedegis

miRwevas Seecdeba. amaSi mas Sefasebis
sqema da masSi gaTvaliswinebuli kriteriumebi exmareba. igi
gegmavs, rom ufro meti yuradReba dauTmos iseT aqtivobebs,
rogoricaa, mag. roluri TamaSebi da zepiri prezentaciebi. maswavlebeli cdilobs, rom roluri TamaSebis da zepiri prezentaciebis Tematika saswavlo gegmas miusadagos.
ix. gv. 98
igi moswavleebis metyvelebas periodulad

sqemis mixedviT afasebs. imave sqemas urTierTSefasebisTvis da TviTSefasebisTvis moswavleebic
iyeneben. Sefasebis Sedegebis Sesamabamisad, maswavlebeli gegmavs swavlebis Semdom etaps.
aucilebelia vicodeT da davicvaT Sefasebis ZiriTadi

princi pebi. es princi pebia: sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba
da gamWvirvaloba.
Sefaseba sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi
identuria, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin, sad an rodis afasebs moswavlis mier erTi da imave sakiTxis codnas. mag. Sefaseba sando
iqneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac:
a. sxvadasxva maswavlebeli erTnair pasuxs erTnairad
afasebs.
b. erTi maswavlebeli erTsa da imave pasuxs yovelTvis erTnairad afasebs.
Sefasebis sandoobas uzrunvelyofs mkafiod Camoyalibebuli sakiTxebi da davalebis instruqciebi, zustad gansazRvruli
Sefasebis kriteriumebi da gamsworeblis kvalifikacia.
Sefaseba validuri, anu mizanTan Sesabamisia, rodesac maswavlebeli afasebs zustad imas, ris Sefasebasac igi am
konkretul SemTxvevaSi isaxavs miznad.
magaliTad, Tu
Sefasebis mizania komunikaciis dros konkretuli leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyenebis unaris Semowmeba, xolo davaleba
mimarTulia gramatikis Sefasebaze, maSin am davalebiT Tavdapirvel unars ver gavzomavT da Sefasebac aravaliduri, anu
mizanTan Seusabamo iqneba.
76
Sefaseba obieqturia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis Sedegebi ar aris damokidebuli Semfaseblis pirad mosazrebebze,
mis pirovnul survilebze an damokidebulebebze. amisaTvis ki
aucilebelia, rom Sefasebis kriteriumebi da sqemebi imdenad
mkafio da calsaxa iyos, rom subieqturi gadawyvetilebebisTvis
adgili ar rCebodes.
Sefaseba gamWvirvale anu Riaa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis meqanizmebi da kriteriumebi cnobilia yvela dainteresebuli pirisTvis, pirvel rigSi ki moswavleebisTvis. SesaZlebelia,
rom moswavleebi Tavadac iRebdnen monawileobas Sefasebis kriteriumebis dadgenaSi da Sefasebis sqemebis SemuSavebaSi. amiT
maT sakuTari codnis Sefasebis mimarT samarTlianobis grZnoba
uyalibdebaT, Sefasebis procesi ki gamWvirvalobas iZens.
ras niSnavs Sefasebis kriteriumebi?
kriteriumi aris princi pi an niSan-Tviseba, romlis mixedviTac raimes afaseben da/an gansazRvraven. saskolo Sefasebis
kriteriumebi iqneba, erTi mxriv, sandooba, validuroba, obieqturoba da gamWvirvaloba da, meore mxriv, is saSualebebi da
instrumentebi, riTac xdeba Sefaseba, mag.: Sefasebis cxrilebi,
sakiTxebze qulebis miniWeba, drois limiti da sxva.QSefasebis
xarisxianoba swored am kriteriumebis saSualebiT ganisazRvreba da izomeba.
ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba
moswavlis Sefaseba sxvadasxva mizans emsaxureba. Sesabamisad, arsebobs Sefasebis sxvadasxva, konkretuli miznis Sesabamisi
forma. Sefasebis ori umniSvnelovanesi forma, romelic swavlisa da swavlebis ganuyofel da sistemur nawils warmoadgens,
aris ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma icodes, Tu rodis da ra konkretuli
miznisTvis unda gamoiyenos Sefasebis erTi an meore forma.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis mizania, rom daexmaros moswavles
unarebis daxvewaSi sxvadasxva rCevis, rekomendaciis Tu problemis gadaWris gzebis SemuSavebis gziT. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis dros moswavle maswavleblisgan sxvadasxva dros da
sxvadasxva formiT gakeTebuli komentarebis daxmarebiT, mudmivad iRebs iseT informacias, romelic mas ganviTarebaSi da sa-
77
kuTari swavlis gacnobierebaSi exmareba. aseve ganmaviTarebeli

Sefasebis mizania, rom maswavlebelma, moswavleebis sisusteebisa da siZliereebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ukeT dagegmos saswavlo
procesi da ufro efeqtianad gansazRvros swavlebis tempi, rac
sabolood isev moswavleebis ganviTarebisken aris mimarTuli.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis ti puri formebia zepiri da werilobiTi komentarebi, romlebic trimestris ganmavlobaSi, an sulac trimestris bolos keTdeba. komentarebi aRwers moswavlis
(da misi namuSevrebis) Zlier da sust mxareebs da, amavdroulad,
Seicavs rekomendaciebs swavlis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis gavrcelebuli xerxebia Sefasebisa da
TviTSefasebis cxrilebis gamoyeneba.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis ganviTarebaze da swavlebazea orientireuli. aqedan gamomdinare, aseTi saxis Sefasebisas ar aris savaldebulo, rom maswavlebelma moswavleebs
qula dauweros.
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizania moswavleTa miRwevebis
donis gansazRvra saswavlo gegmasTan da saswavlo miznebTan
mimarTebiT. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba, faqtobrivad, aris qula,
romelsac maswavlebeli uwers moswavles konkretuli Temis
an sakiTxis dasrulebis Semdeg trimestris ganmavlobaSi an
trimestris/wlis bolos. ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis mizniT, maswavlebeli iyenebs sxvadasxva `Semajamebel~ aqtivobebs, mag. prezentacias, proeqtis ganxilvas, tests, sakontrolo weras da
a.S. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegzea orientirebuli. misi ZiriTadi daniSnuleba swavlisa da swavlebis Sedegebis SemowmebaSefasebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, qulis dawera ganmsazRvreli
Sefasebis savaldebulo moTxovnaa. qulis saxiT micemuli
ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba moswavlis miRwevebis donis ganmsazRvrelia da mas ar axlavs komentarebi an rekomendaciebi Sedegebis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb.
mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebdes
orives: ganmsazRvrel da ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas. amave dros,
sasurvelia, ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis wili ufro meti iyos,
vidre ganmsazRvrelis.
rogorc iTqva, ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba Sedegze, anu niSanzea
orientirebuli, xolo ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba moswavlis
78
ganviTarebaze da Sedegebis gaumjobesebaze. am orive miznis

misaRwevad maswavlebeli sistematurad iyenebs Sefasebis iseT
or ti ps, rogoricaa mimdinare da Semajamebeli Sefaseba. mimdinare Sefaseba raime Temis Seswavlis an miznis misaRwevi procesis mimdinareobisas miRwevebis Sefasebaa. aseTia, magaliTad,
saSinao davalebebis, proeqtis erTi romelime etapis, an sulac,
gakveTilze CarTulobis Sefaseba.
mimdinare Sefaseba, ZiriTadad, trimestris ganmavlobaSi
gakveTilis dros xdeba. amisgan gansxvavebiT, Semajamebeli Sefaseba ajamebs moswavlis codnas rame didi Temis an proeqtis
dasrulebis Semdeg. igi garkveuli drois monakveTis bolos
(mag. trimestris an wlis bolos) gamoyenebuli Sefasebaa.
qvemoT mocemuli cxrili, romelic erovnuli saswavlo gegmebidan aris aRebuli, am ori saxis Sefasebis (ganmsazRvreli/
ganmaviTarebeli da mimdinare/Semajamebeli) urTierTkavSirs
aCvenebs:
Sefasebis ti pebi da maTi gamoyeneba drois mixedviT
ganmsazRvreli
mimdinare
Semajamebeli
yoveldRiuri davalebebis Sesruleba,

gakveTilze CarTuloba,
proeqtis romelime
etapi an sxv. romelSic
niSani iwereba
ganmaviTarebeli
yoveldRiuri davalebebis Sesruleba,
gakveTilze CarTuloba,
proeqtis romelime
etapi an sxv. romelSic vuxsniT moswavles,
rogor gaaumjobesos
Sedegi.
raime Temis,
raime Temis, drois
monakveTis, proeqtis bo- drois monakveTis,
proeqtis bolos miRelos miRebuli niSani.
buli sityvieri Sefaseba, komentari, rubrikiT
Sefaseba da sxv.
79
Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi dasmul yvela SekiTxvaze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da gaeciT pasuxebi.
ZiriTadi rCevebi da rekomendaciebi:

gaxsovdeT, rom Sefasebis ZiriTadi princi pebia: sandooba,
validuroba, obieqturoba da gamWvirvaloba;
swavlebis procesSi gamoiyeneT Sefasebis ori forma: ganmaviTarebeli da ganmsazRvreli;
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis SemTxvevaSi Tqven exmarebiT
moswavles ganviTarebaSi sxvadasxva rCevis, rekomendaciebis
Tu problemebis gadaWris gzebis SemuSavebis saSualebiT.
ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis dros qulis dawera ar aris
aucilebeli;
ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba gamoiyeneT maSin, rodesac miznad
isaxavT moswavlis miRwevebis donis gansazRvras saswavlo
gegmasTan da saswavlo miznebTan mimarTebiT. ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis dros moswavles aucilebelad dauwereT
qula.
80
Sefasebis meTodebi
testireba
ra meTodebiT SeiZleba SeafasoT moswavlis codna;
ra moTxovnebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT testis Sedgenisas;
ra saxis testuri SekiTxvebi SegiZliaT SeadginoT;
rogor unda gamoiyenoT testirebis Sedegebi saswavlo
miznebisTvis.

1.
2.
3.
4.
ra moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes testi?

ra miznebisTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT testi?E
romelia testuri SekiTxvebis ori ZiriTadi ti pi?
ra gansxvavebaa Ria da daxurul SekiTxvebs Soris?
maswavlebeli moswavleebis codnis da maTi unar-Cvevebis

Sesafaseblad sxvadasxva saSualebas, meTods iyenebs. es meTodebia

testireba
maswavleblis dakvirveba
moswavlis TviTSefaseba
TanatolTa Sefaseba
komentari (gamoxmaureba)
81
Sefasebis yvela am meTods saerTo mizani aqvs maTi saSualebiT grovdeba informacia moswavleebis warmatebebisa da
maTi problemebis Sesaxeb da, aqedan gamomdinare, igegmeba swavlebis Semdgomi etapi. meore mxriv, gansxvavebulia calkeuli
Sefasebis meTodis rogorc forma, ise mniSvneloba da konkretuli mizani. ganvixiloT Sefasebis meTodebi cal-cakle.
testireba
testi moswavlis Sefasebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan instruments warmoadgens. testis daxmarebiT SegviZlia gavigoT, Tu ra
da rogor iswavles moswavleebma, aseve is, Tu ra unar-Cvevebi
ganuviTardaT maT. miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra saxisaa testi da
ra miznisTvisaa Seqmnili. igi ramdenime aucilebel moTxovnas
unda akmayofilebdes. es moTxovnebia:
ix. gv. 73
ix. gv. 98
testi unda iyos validuri da sando . instruqciebi da sakiTxebi ise mkafiod unda iyos
Camoyalibebuli, rom swored im codnas zomavdes,
ris gazomvasac es konkretuli testi isaxavs, Sefasebis Sedegebi ki yvela SemTxvevaSi identur
Sedegs unda iZleodes;
testi unda iyos gazomvadi. testis Sedegebi

unda fasdebodes winaswar SemuSavebuli pasuxebiT an Sefasebis sqemiT. winaswar unda iyos
aseve dadgenili qulebis raodenoba swori pasuxisTvis; Sefasebis meqanizmi unda iyos mkafio
da calsaxa; igi ormagi interpretaciis saSualebas ar unda iZleodes;
testi gansazRvrul drois limitze unda iyos gaTvlili.

drois faqtoris gaTvaliswineba da imis codna, rom mniSvnelovania aramxolod testis Sesruleba, aramed isic, rom gamoyofil droSi Caetio, moswavleebsac da maswavleblebsac drois
ufro efeqtianad gamoyenebas aCvevs;
82
testi unda iyos gamWvirvale. moswavleebma winaswar unda

icodnen, Tu ra formatisaa testi, ras amowmebs, rogoria Sefasebis meqanizmi da ra droa misTvis gamoyofili.
maswavlebelma testi sxvadasxva miznisTvis SeiZleba gamoiyenos.

saskolo praqtikaSi testi yvelaze xSirad mimdinare da Semajamebeli SefasebisTvis
gamoyeneba. am miznebisTvis Seqmnil testebs xSirad mimdinare da Semajamebel testebsac uwodeben. testi SeiZleba aseve diagnostikuri miznebisTvis gamoiyenebodes. diagnostikuri testi
gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maswavlebels surs, rom Tavidanve (mag. wlis, semestris
an kursis dasawyisSi) gansazRvros, Tu ra ician
moswavleebma da ra - ara. miRebuli Sedegebis
mixedviT igi gegmavs swavlebis Semdegom etaps
da temps. arsebobs aseve testebi, romlebic maswavlebels moswavleebis codnis an unar-Cvevebis
mixedviT dajgufebis saSualebas aZlevs.
ix. gv. 79
testuri SekiTxvebi SeiZleba iyos Ria da daxuruli. daxuruli kiTxvebis SemTxvevaSi moswavlem mocemuli pasuxebis arCevanidan mxolod erTi swori pasuxi unda SearCios. Ria kiTxvebis SemTxvevaSi ki pasuxebis arCevani ar aris mocemuli da
moswavlem pasuxi TviTon unda moifiqros.
83
daxurul kiTxvebze agebuli davalebebis SesaZlo ti pebia:
oTxi SesaZlo pasuxidan airCie da Semoxaze swori pasuxi.

miusadage /daukavSire erTmaneTs sityvebi/cifrebi/debulebebi.
gamoicani, winadadeba sworia Tu mcdari.
Ria kiTxvebze agebuli davalebebis SesaZlo ti pebia:
upasuxe SekiTxvebs.
Casvi swor formaSi.
daasrule.
Seavse cxrili.
dawere ganmarteba /Tema.
imisda mixedviT, Tu risi gazomva da Sefaseba surs maswavlebels, testi SeiZleba Sedgebodes rogorc mxolod Ria an
mxolod daxuruli saxis kiTxvebisagan, ise maTi erTobliobisagan. daxuruli kiTxvebi kargad amowmebs faqtobriv codnas,
xolo Ria saxis kiTxvebiT SeiZleba Semowmdes rogorc faqtobrivi codna, ise analizis, msjelobis da daskvnebis gakeTebis
unari.
84
maswavlebelma unda SeZlos, rom yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisa da miznisTvis TviTon Seadginos testi. man winaswar
kargad unda gansazRvros testis formati, davalebebis ti pebi
da Sinaarsi, aseve is, Tu ra miznisTvis sWirdeba mas testirebis
Sedegad miRebuli Sedegebi. maswavlebels SeuZlia miRebuli
Sedegebi swavlis procesis Sesafaseblad gamoiyenos (testireba, rogorc mimdinare Sefasebis nawili). mas aseve SeuZlia miRebuli Sedegebi miRwevebis Sesafaseblad gamoiyenos (testireba,
rogorc Semajamebeli Sefasebis nawili). testireba SeiZleba
iyos moswavlis ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis nawili (maswavlebeli qulebs ar wers da mxolod komentarebiT Semoifargleba). testireba SeiZleba iyos da, umetes SemTxvevaSi aris kidec,
ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis nawili (maswavlebeli qulebs wers da
amiT moswavleebis codnis dones gansazRvravs).
qvemoT aRweril situaciaSi Cans, Tu rogor amzadebs maswavlebeli tests ganmsazRvreli SefasebisTvis, ra saxis davalebebs adgens da rogor iyenebs testirebis Sedegad miRebul
Sedegebs.
situacia
me-9 klasis biologiis maswavlebelma 6 akademiuri saaTi
dauTmo cvalebadobis kanonzomierebis Temas. sanam igi Semdeg
Temaze gadava, mas surs imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad kargad aiTvises moswavleebma es Tema. am mizniT igi adgens tests. testis zog sakiTxs igi TviTon adgens, zogsac saxelmZRvanelodan
amokrebs. maswavlebeli icavs oTx princi ps:
1. davalebebs agebs mxolod im sakiTxebze an Temaze, risi
Semowmebac mas surs;
2. winaswar adgens swor pasuxebs, romelTa mixedviTac calsaxad gaasworebs davalebebs;
3. swor pasuxs aniWebs qulas, rac daxuruli kiTxvebis SemTxvevaSi TiToeuli swori pasuxisTvis aris erTi;
4. drois limitad adgens 30 wuTs. amgvarad, maswavlebeli
adgens tests, romelic mas moswavleebis Semajamebel SefasebaSi daexmareba. testis erTi nawili, romelic faqtebis codnis
Semowmebazea orientirebuli, ase gamoiyureba:
1. upasuxe SekiTxvebs:
a. ra aris mutacia?
b. ras swavlobs adamianis genetika?
85
2. Semoxaze swori pasuxi:
ras niSnavs aramemkvidreobiTi cvalebadoba?

a. genoti pis Seucvlelad fenoti pis cvlilebas.
b. asakobriv cvlilebas.
g. niSan-Tvisebis modifikaciur cvalebadobas.
d. genetikur cvlilebas.
3. daasrule winadadebebi:
1. biologiaSi Camoyalibda axali dargebi. esenia: genuri

inJineria da _____________.
2. axali saxeobis warmoSoba mimdinareobs ori gziT. esenia:
saxeobaTa geografiuli warmoSoba da _________________
.
moswavleebma winaswar ician, Tu ra Tematikaze iqneba testi.

isini testisTvis specialurad emzadebian. dadgenil dRes moswavleebi weren tests. maswavlebeli naSromebs asworebs dadgenili pasuxebis mixedviT da wers qulebs. maswavlebeli eubneba
moswavleebs, Tu ramdeni qula daagroves testSi. moswavleebma
ician, rom testis es qula maTi trimestruli `formaluri~ Sefasebis nawili iqneba. maT aseve ician, rom trimestruli Sefasebis
Semadgenel nawilebs Soris procentuli mimarTebaa: 40%- Semajamebeli davalebebi; 30%- gakveTilze CarTuloba; 20%- saSinao
davalebebi; 10% klasgareSe muSaoba. maswavlebeli wignakSi iwers
qulebs, romlebic moswavleebma testSi miiRes da iTvaliswinebs
maT trimestruli Sefasebis gamoyvanisas, rogorc Semajamebeli
davalebebis Semadgenel nawils.
86
87
ix. gv. 98
tradiciulad, testi werilobiTia. amis erT-erTi mizezi aris is, rom werilobiTi testi advili
gasasworebelia. meore mxriv, Tu maswavlebels
surs, Seamowmos warmoTqma, zepiri komunikaciis an
prezentaciis unari, werilobiTi testis Sedegebi
mas, ra Tqma unda, swor informacias ver miscems.
`zepiri~ testis Catarebas gansakuTrebuli codna da sifrTxile sWirdeba. maswavlebels kargad
unda hqondes gaazrebuli, Tu konkretulad risi
Semowmeba surs `zepiri~ testiT da aseve is, rom
zepiri testis Sefaseba specialuri sqemiT unda
xdebodes.
testirebas maswavlebeli Zalian frTxilad da gulisyuriT

unda moekidos. testis sakiTxebis Sedgenisas maswavlebelma
unda gaiTvaliswinos is aucilebeli moTxovnebi, romlebic am
Tavis dasawyisSia mocemuli. arasworadUSedgenili testi an
araswori Sefasebis Sedegad dawerili qula (anu, iseTi testi,
romelic ar aris sando, validuri, advilad gazomvadi, obieqturi da a.S.), moswavlis codnis donis obieqturi Semfasebeli
ver iqneba. aseTi Sefaseba moswavles imeds gaucruebs da maswavleblis ndobas daukargavs. sayuradReboa isic, rom asakiT rac
ufro pataraa moswavle, maswavlebelma miT ufro didi dro
unda dauTmos Sefasebis iseT àratestur~ meTodebs, rogoricaa mag. maswavleblis dakvirveba, TviTSefaseba, urTierTSefaseba, komentari da a.AS.
maswavlebelma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcios imas,
rom testi mxolod ganvlil masalaze aagos. gavrcelebuli
gamonaTqvami `vamowmebT imas, rasac vaswavliT~ nebismieri saxis
testis Sinaarsis amosavali unda iyos (gamonaklisia diagnostikuri testi). maswavlebelma moswavleebi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT iseTi testisTvis unda moamzados, romlis Sedegebsac
igi ganmsazRvreli SefasebisTvis gamoiyenebs. man moswavleebs
unda ganumartos testis Sinaarsi, formati da is, Tu ra qulebiT
fasdeba igi, aseve winaswar ganusazRvros testisTvis gamoyofili dro. yuradReba unda mivaqcioTQimasac, rom naSromis
gasworeba Secdomebis daTvlis procedurad ar gadaiqces. umjobesia, daviTvaloT swori pasuxebi, vidre Secdomebi da amiT
moswavles winsvlis SegrZneba gavuZlieroT. mag. `20 sakiTxidan
dRes Sen 11-s upasuxe~, ukeTesi komentaria, vidre warumateblo-
88
bis xazgasma, mag. `20 sakiTxidan dRes Sen 9 Secdoma dauSvi~.

meore mxriv, dauSvebelia, rom gakveTilebi mxolod testis
momzadebaze iyos orientirebuli da Sefasebis sxva meTodebi
yuradRebis miRma darCes. aman SeiZleba uaryofiTad imoqmedos
swavlebis procesze. sasurvelia testireba Catardes trimestrSi 2-3-jer da trimestris an wlis bolos. rogorc situaciidan davinaxeT, Semajamebeli Sefasebis miznebisTvis Catarebuli
testirebis Sedegebi moswavlis trimestruli an wliuri Sefasebis nawili xdeba.
Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi mocemul SekiTxvebze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da gaeciT pasuxebi.

maswavlebeli moswavleebis codnis da maTi unarCvevebis Sesafaseblad sxvadasxva meTods iyenebs. es meTodebia testireba, TviTSefaseba, Tanatolis Sefaseba, maswavleblis dakvirveba da komentari;
sanam testis Sedgenas daiwyebT, kargad gansazRvreT,
Tu ra sakiTxebis Semowmeba gsurT. daadgineT, rogori
saxis davalebebs gamoiyenebT: Rias Tu daxuruls. gansazRvreT davalebebis (sakiTxebis) raodenoba. daadgineT
pasuxebi, romlis mixedviTac gaasworebT tests. gansazRvreT aseve qulebis raodenoba da drois limiti;
Tqven SegiZliaT, rom Sefasebis Sedegebi gamoiyenoT
swavlis procesis Sesafaseblad, anu mimdinare Sefasebis
miznebisTvis; Amoswavleebis miRwevebis Sesafaseblad, anu
Semajamebeli Sefasebis miznebisTvis; aseve, sakuTari swavlebis meTodebSi susti da Zlieri mxareebis aRmoCenisa
da sakuTari praqtikis gaumjobesebis mizniT.
89
Sefasebis meTodebi
maswavleblis dakvirveba da komentari

ras gulisxmobs maswavleblis dakvirveba;
rogor unda awarmooT dakvirvebis Canaweri;
romeli Sefasebis nawilia komentari;
rogori
momtani.
komentaria
moswavlisTvis
sargeblobis
1.
ra mizniT unda daakvirdes maswavlebeli moswavleebs?
2.
ra kavSiria Sefasebasa da dakvirvebas Soris?
3.
ratom iyenebs maswavlebeli komentars?
4.
ra aucilebel komponents iTvaliswinebs kargi komentari?
90
maswavleblis dakvirveba
maswavleblis mier moswavleebze dakvirveba
mimdinare Sefasebis erT-erTi meTodia. dakvirvebis Sedegad gakeTebuli Canawerebi moicavs komentarebs da SeniSvnebs moswavlis miRwevebis da
problemebis Sesaxeb. klasis Taviseburebebidan
da sidididan gamomdinare, maswavlebeli TviTon
gansazRvravs moswavleebis raodenobas, romelsac unda daakvirdes. saSualod es aris 3-5 moswavle dReSi.
ix. gv. 79
maswavlebeli Tavis wignakSi awarmoebs dakvirvebis

Canawerebs. zogi maswavlebeli Canawerebs specialur cxrilSi
awarmoebs (ix. situacia), Tumca savaldebulo ar aris, rom dakvirvebis Canawers rame konkretuli struqtura hqondes. Canaweris formas TviTon maswavlebeli adgens. maswavlebeli moswavles swavlebis yovel etapze akvirdeba - rodesac moswavle
dasmul SekiTxvebs pasuxobs, dafasTan muSaobs, jgufur muSaobaSi monawileobs, individualur samuSaos asrulebs, saklaso
weras wers, an megobrebTan urTierTobs.
amgvarad, maswavlebeli sistematurad agrovebs
informacias moswavlis progresis, misi motivaciis, aqtiurobis da mondomebis Sesaxeb. maswavlebeli ar akvirdeba moswavleebs imisaTvis, rom
ix. gv. 79
isini Seamowmos. igi maT akvirdeba im mizniT, rom
urCios, ra gaaumjobeson da rogor miaRwion ukeTes Sedegebs. maswavlebels gaazrebuli aqvs, rom
dakvirveba moswavlis ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis
erT-erTi nawilia da igi mas moswavlis Sesaxeb
sruli suraTis SeqmnaSi exmareba.
qvemoT moyvanil situaciaSi Cans, Tu rogori saxis dakvirvebis Canawerebs awarmoebs maswavlebeli da rogor iyenebs igi im
informacias, romelsac Canawerebis Sedegad agrovebs.
situacia
me-10 klasis maTematikis maswavlebeli periodulad akvirdeba moswavleebs da Tavis wignakSi iniSnavs zogierT,
misi azriT, mniSvnelovan detals. zogi Canaweri moswavlis
moswrebas exeba, zogi mis motivacias, zogic moswav-
91
lis damokidebulebas sxva moswavleebis mimarT. zogi Canaweri konkretulia - erT dRes moicavs, zogic - ufro zogadi.
Canawerebs maswavlebeli mis mier specialurad am miznisTvis
gakeTebul cxrilSi aTavsebs. Canaweris saSualebiT igi ufro
kargad xedavs TiToeuli moswavlis Zlier da sust mxareebs,
maT miRwevebs da problemebs. ase maswavleblisTvis ufro advilia, TiToeul moswavles adekvaturi rCeva misces da winsvlaSi daexmaros.
dakvirvebis cxrili da erT moswavleze gakeTebuli erTi
dRis Canaweri ase gamoiyureba.
92
saSinao
saxeli TariRi davaleba
irakli 2 oqt.
s a S i n a o
davaleba
mxolod sanaxevrod
hqonda Sesrulebuli
saklaso
davalebebi
jgufuri
muSaoba
damajeregauWirda
b l a d
jgufSi
msjelobda;
muSaoba.
gaubedavia.
gamoiyena kargi argumenti.
organizebuloba/klaselebTan
urTierToba
mowesrigebulia
ukonfliqtoa.
U
saklaso samuSaos
didi
dro dauTmo uWirs drois
racionalurad gamoyeneba.
maswavlebels bevri moswavle hyavs da uWirs yvela detali daimaxsovros TiToeulis Sesaxeb. aseTi saxis Canaweri ki
mas exmareba, rom konkretuli moswavlis konkretul problemas
droulad gamoexmauros. Canawerebidan gamomdinare, maswavlebeli:
1. periodulad axsenebs iraklis, rom ufro yuradRebiT
moekidos saSinao davalebebs saxlSi ar darCes da bolomde
Seasrulos isini;
2. wyvilebad an mcire jgufebad muSaobis dros aZlevs
lideris rols. amiT mas exmareba, gadalaxos gaubedaoba da
SeiZinos Tavdajerebuloba;
3. urCevs, rom saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas dainiSnos
93
saaTi da ecados, Caetios gansazRvrul droSi. amiT igi moswavles swrafad muSaobas da drois efeqtianad gamoyenebas
aCvevs. maswavlebeli am rCevebs iraklis calke aZlevs, rom man
klaselebTan uxerxuloba ar igrZnos. maswavlebeli akvirdeba
iraklis Semdgom winsvlas da imas, Tu ramdenad gaiTvaliswina
man misi rCeva.

dakvirvebis Canawerebi mokle da informaciuli unda iyos.
Canaweri SeiZleba iyos konkretulic, rogoricaa mag. sandrom
dRes kargi prezentacia gaakeTa. da zogadic, rogoricaa, mag.
sandro karg prezentaciebs akeTebs. Canawerebis sxva magaliTebia: salome jgufSi kargad muSaobs, komunikabeluria da mosmen-
ac SeuZlia. ninos gauWirdaUyuradRebis koncentracia; daTom

dRes Zalian nela imuSava;
an ufro konkretuli, saganTan mimarTebaSi, mag. rezos uWirs
ricxvis procentis povna, eka xSirad uSvebs orTografiul Secdomebs; gigi arasworad svams maxvilebs.
aseTi saxis Canawerebi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa did
jgufebTan muSaobisas, rodesac maswavlebels dro ar rCeba
yovelTvis Tanabari yuradReba miaqcios TiToeul moswavles.
Canawerebi mas imis gansazRvraSi exmareba, Tu romeli moswavle
konkretulad ra daxmarebas saWiroebs da rogor aris moswavle motivirebuli zogadad. sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma
gamoZebnos dro, raTa periodulad individualurad Sexvdes moswavleebs da esaubros maT, an damatebiT imuSaos maTTan. aseTi
saxis Sexvedrebi xanmoklea, magram isini efeqturia da zrdis
moswavlis motivacias da mondomebas.
dakvirvebis Sedegad qula ar iwereba. igi moswavlis ganmaviTarebeli àraformaluri~ Sefasebis nawilia, Tumca didia misi
roli swavlis da swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebaSi.
komentari (gamoxmaureba)
komentari, anu gamoxmaureba mimdinare Sefasebis kidev erTi
meTodia. komentari is informaciaa, romelsac maswavlebeli
awvdis moswavles imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor afasebs igi moswavlis konkretul pasuxs an mis mier Sesrulebul konkretul
davalebas. es informacia SeiZleba iyos moswavlis pasuxis
94
sisworis dadastureba, misi Seqeba, gamxneveba, rCeva, mowodeba

dafiqrebisaken, Secdomis gasworeba da a.S.
maswavlebeli gakveTilis msvlelobisas sistematurad èxmaureba~ moswavlis pasuxs. es aris zepiri mokle komentari, mag.
yoCaR, SesaniSnavia; dafiqrdi, swori ar aris; an, Jestikulaciis
(egreT wodebuli, sxeulis enis) gamoyeneba, mag. saxis gamometyveleba, Tavis daqneva, xelis moZraobebi da a.S. sasurvelia,
rom zepiri komentarebis gakeTebisas maswavlebelma moswavles
saxeliT mimarTos. es moswavles Tavisi Tavis rwmenas uzrdis
da maswavleblis mimarT meti pativiscemiT ganawyobs.
sistematuri komentarebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor

Seasrula moswavlem esa Tu is Tundac mcire davaleba:
moswavles awvdis obieqtur informacias misi warmatebebisa da problemebis Sesaxeb sruliad konkretul
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
moswavleSi zrdis sakuTari Tavis rwmenas, xdis mas
ufro Tavdajerebuls.
uviTarebs damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cvevebs.
aRuZravs interess, uRvivebs swavlis survils.
komentarebi, dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi, zepiri Tu werilobiTi,
zomierad da taqtiT unda gakeTdes. ar aris saWiro moswavleebis
gadaWarbebuli qeba (mag. geniosi xar, yvelaze Wkviani xar, marto
Seni imedi maqvs). aseve, dauSvebelia, moswavleebis zedmeti kritika. komentarma moswavles Seuracxyofa ar unda miayenos da
uxerxul mdgomareobaSi ar unda Caayenos (mag: araferi ar ici,
uniWo xar, Sengan araferi gamova). mniSvnelovania, rom Sefasdes
moswavlis namuSevari da ara moswavle, rogorc pirovneba. namuSevris Sefasebisas aseve mniSvnelovania, rom mxolod uaryofiT
mxareebze ar gamaxvildes yuradReba. mniSvnelovania, rom im
SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac namuSevari mraval Secdomas Seicavs,
maswavlebelma komentari aucileblad gaakeTos dadebiT mxar-
95
eze da mxolod Semdeg gaakritikos naSromi. mniSvnelovania,

rom komentari aZlevdes moswavles rCevas imasTan dakavSirebiT,
Tu ra unda gaakeTos man imisTvis, rom gaaumjobesos Tavisi namuSevari da zogadad, SesaZleblobebi. komentari ar unda iyos
zogadi, iseTi rogoricaa, mag.: ar momwons Seni naweri. komentari
kargi da sasargebloa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi moswavles aZlevs konkretul rCevas, rogoricaa, mag.UukeTesi iqneba,
Tu abzacis werisas ifiqreb imaze, Tu ra aris abzacis mTavari
azri da am azrs pirvelive winadadebaSi ityvi.
maswavleblis mier moswavlis mimarT gakeTebuli nebismieri
komentari konkretuli, obieqturi da moswavlis ganviTarebisken
mimarTuli unda iyos. komentaris mTavari daniSnulebaa, moswavleebi ufro motivirebulebi da mondomebulebi gaxados da
isini swavlis mimarT pozitiurad ganawyos.

pasuxebi.
96
sistematurad daakvirdiT moswavles. CaiwereT dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebuli STabeWdilebebi. Tqven amgvarad SeagrovebT metad saWiro informacias moswavleebis
Sesaxeb da Sesabamisad dagegmavT saswavlo process;
gaxsovdeT, rom dakvirveba Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT
iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogorc, mag. testireba. dakvirveba, Sefasebis sxva meTodebTan erTad, moswavlis Sesaxeb
sruli suraTis SeqmnaSi da mis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi
gexmarebaT;
komentari,iseve rogorc dakvirveba,ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis nawilia. komentaris saSualebiT Tqven moswavles
exmarebiT, akontrolos codnis miRebis procesi, gaacnobieros sakuTari warmatebebi da warumateblobebi. Tqveni
komentari moswavles sakuTari Tavis rwmenas uzrdis da
damoukidebels xdis;
moswavlis pasuxis an mis mier Sesrulebuli aqtivobis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli komentari SeiZleba iyos zepiric
da werilobiTic. orive SemTxvevaSi komentari aris gamoxmaureba moswavlis mier Sesrulebuli samuSaos xarisxze.
97
Sefasebis sqemebi

ratom aris saWiro gansxvavebuli ti pis da daniSnulebis mqone
Sefasebis sqemebi;
ra SemTxvevaSi SegiZliaT analitikuri Sefasebis sqemebis gamoyeneba;
ra SemTxvevaSi SegiZliaT zogadi Sefasebis sqemebis
gamoyeneba;
rogor unda SeadginoT Sefasebis sqemebi konkretuli
miznebisTvis.

1. ra nawilebisagan Sedgeba Sefasebis sqema?
2. rogori ti pis davalebebis an aqtivobebis Sefaseba SegiZliaT Sefasebis sqemebis saSualebiT?
3. ras niSnavs analitikuri da holisturi (erTiani) Sefasebis sqemebi?
4.
ra gansxvavebaa zogad da konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs
Soris?
5. ra SemTvevaSia Sefasebis sqema sando, validuri da gamWvirvale?
6. ra unda gaiTvaliswinos maswavlebelma Sefasebis sqemebis
Sedgenisas?
Sefasebis sqemebi (rubrikebi) aris mkacrad gansazRvruli
98
kriteriumebisa da da maTi gamoyenebis wesebis erToblioba,

romlis mixedviTac fasdeba moswavlis moswreba ama Tu im aqtivobaSi an saganSi. Sefasebis sqemebi maswavlebels aZlevs
imis saSualebas, rom moswavlis pasuxis xarisxianoba Seamowmos
da gazomos ramdenime kriteriumis saSualebiT. es SesaZlebeli
xdeba Sefasebis cxrilebis struqturidan gamomdinare; Sefasebis cxrilebi Sedgeba, erTi mxriv, im komponentebisagan (maxasiaTeblebisagan), romelTa mimarTebaSic fasdeba moswavlis moswreba, xolo, meore mxriv, am moswrebis sxvadasxva doneebisa da
maTi Sesabamisi quliT an sityviT gamoxatuli mniSvnelobebisagan.
Sefasebis sqemebiT, rogorc wesi, fasdeba iseTi davalebebi an
aqtivobebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, Txzuleba, zepiri prezentacia, jgufuri muSaoba an proeqtze muSaoba. daxuruli kiTxvebis
SemTxvevaSi, anu iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kiTxvebs erTmniSvnelovani pasuxebi aqvT, Sefasebis cxrilebi saWiro ar aris.
daxuruli kiTxvebi swordeba da fasdeba mza pasuxebis mixedviT.
arsebobs gansxvavebuli ti pis da daniSnulebis Sefasebis
sqemebi. imisda mixedviT, Tu ra mizans isaxavs konkretuli Sefaseba da rogor miiRweva es mizani, ganasxvaveben analitikur da holistur, zogad da konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs.
ganvixiloT isini cal-calke.
analitikuri da holisturi (erTiani) Sefasebis sqemebi
iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac maswavlebels surs, rom moswavlis codna Seafasos ori an meti kriteriumis mixedviT, igi
iyenebs an qmnis analitikuri Sefasebis sqemas. qvemoT mocemuli
Txzulebis Sefasebis sqema analitikuria, radganac igi Txzulebas afasebs ori kriteriumis davalebis moTxovnasTan Sesabamisobis da gramatikul-leqsikuri kompetenciis mixedviT.
Txzulebis analitikuri Sefasebis sqemis nimuSi:
maqsimaluri qula: 6 (3 - davalebis moTxovnasTan Sesabamisoba; 3 - gramatikul-leqsikuri kompetencia).
99
qula
davalebis
moTxovnasTan
Sesabamisoba
gramatikul
-
leqsikuri kompetencia
qula
. davalebis moTxovnas
srulad pasuxobs;
. azri mkafiod da Tanmimdevrulad aris gadmocemuli;
. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnis Sesabamisia; O

. Secdomebis raodenoba umniSvneloa;
. davalebis moTxovnas
srulad pasuxobs;
. azri mkafiod da Tanamimdevrulad mxolod zog
SemTxvevaSia gadmocemuli
. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnaze martivia;

. Secdomebis raodenoba zog SemTxvevaSi xels
uSlis azris gagebas.
. davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs mxolod

nawilobriv;
. umetes SemTxvevaSi
azris gageba Wirs.
100
. gramatikuli da
leqsikuri
Secdomebi winadadebebis did
nawilSia daSvebuli.
naweri davalebas ar pasuxobs,

carielia.
an
furceli
imisda mixedviT, Tu konkretulad ris Semowmebas/gaumjobesebas gegmavs maswavlebeli, man sqema SeiZleba 2-ze met kriteriumad dayos (magaliTad, davalebis moTxovnasTan Sesabamisoba /
argumentaciis unari / gramatikul-leqsikuri kompetencia; an:
davalebis moTxovnasTan Sesabamisoba / argumentaciis unari /
gramatikuli kompetencia / leqsikuri kompetencia da a.S. analitikuri sqemis upiratesoba aris is, rom misi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelsac da moswavlesac eZleva konkretuli informacia imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu raSi (romel kriteriumSi)
aqvs moswavles problemebi da raze unda imuSaos meti. erTi da
imave sqemis sistematurad gamoyeneba progresis monitoringis
karg saSualebas iZleva.
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac Sefasebis sqemis dayofa or an met
damoukidebel maxasiaTeblad aucilebeli ar aris an, ubralod,
ver xerxdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli qmnis an iyenebs holistur Sefasebis sqemas. holisturi Sefasebis sqemis grafebSi
gaerTianebulia yvela kriteriumi da yvela maxasiaTebeli, ris
mixedviTac maswavlebels surs, rom naweri Seafasos. moswavlis
pasuxis xarisxi fasdeba zogadad da ara - konkretuli maxasiaTeblebis mimarT. qvemoT mocemulia Txzulebis holisturi
Sefasebis sqemis nimuSi:
maqsimaluri qula: 3.
davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs srulad. azri mkafiod da

Tanamimdevrulad aris gadmocemuli. gramatika da leqsika
moTxovnis Sesabamisia. Secdomebis raodenoba umniSvneloa.
davalebis moTxovnas pasuxobs nawilobriv. azri Tanamimdevrulad mxolod zog SemTxvevaSia gadmocemuli. gramatika da leqsika moTxovnaze martivia. Secdomebis raodenoba
zog SemTxvevaSi xels uSlis azris gagebas.
davalebis moTxovnas mxolod mcired pasuxobs. azris

gageba Wirs. gramatikuli da leqsikuri Secdomebi aris winadadebebis umetesobaSi.
101
naweri davalebas ar pasuxobs, an azris gageba

SeuZlebelia, an furceli carielia.
holisturi Sefasebis sqemiT sargebloba gamsworeblis

gamocdilebas da mis maRal kvalifikacias moiTxovs. arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, rom Semfasebelma ugulebelyos moswavlis miRwevebi zogierT kategoriaSi da naweri mxolod
im maxasiaTeblebiT Seafasos, sadac meti Secdomaa daSvebuli
(mag.: Seafasos mxolod davalebis moTxovnasTan Sesabamisoba
da ar miaqcios yuradReba gramatikul-leqsikur kompetencias,
an piriqiT).
zogadi da konkretuli Sefasebis sqemebi
Sefasebis sqema SeiZleba Seiqmnas rogorc davalebaTa an
unar-CvevaTa erTobliobis Sesafaseblad (zogadi Sefasebis sqema), ise erTi konkretuli davalebis an unar-Cvevis Sesafaseblad
(konkretuli Sefasebis sqema). davuSvaT, sagnobivi standartis da,
Sesabamisad, maswavleblis mizania moswavleebSi prezentaciis
unaris ganviTareba. am miznisTvis maswavlebeli damoukideblad,
an moswavleebTan erTad qmnis prezentaciis Sefasebis sqemas (an
iyenebs mza Sefasebis sqemas), romlis saSualebiTac mowmdeba
zepiri prezentaciisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis erToblioba. aseTi zogadi Sefasebis sqemebis upiratesoba isaa, rom maTi
gamoyeneba mravaljeradad SeiZleba manam, sanam moswavle sasurvel Sedegs ar miaRwevs. garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi erTi
da imave Sefasebis sqemis sistematurad gamoyeneba da Sedegebis
Sedareba moswavlis ganviTarebis efeqturi saSualebaa.
qvemoT mogvyavs zogadi Sefasebis sqemis nimuSi. Sefasebis
sqemis mixedviT fasdeba prezentaciis unari zogadad. miaqcieT
yuradReba imas, rom TiToeuli kategoria fasdeba sami quliT: 0
dabali Sefaseba; 1 YsaSualo Sefaseba; 2 maRali Sefaseba.
qulebix miniWeba pirobiTia. Semfasebeli Semoxazavs im qulas,
romelsac aniWebs moswavles.
(alternativa: qulebis magivrad Sefaseba SeiZleba gamoixatos sityvierad, mag. susti-saSualo-kargi. Aaseve, SeiZleba rom
102
Sefasebebi cal-calke grafaSi moTavsdes).

prezentaciis Sefasebis sqema
kriteriumebi
momzadebulia;
saubrobs
faqtebze
qula
da
argumentebze
dayrdnobiT; periodulad iyenebs winaswar momzadebul mok- 0 1 - 2

le Canawerebs.
auditorias Tavdajerebulad mimarTavs; amyarebs TvaliT
kontaqts; xma da intonacia damajerebelia.
0 1 - 2
warmoTqma kargi.
iyenebs vizualur masalas: fotoebs, suraTebs, a.S. iyenebs
ekrans, dafas.
prezentaciis dasawyisi da daboloeba efeqturia.

icavs drois limits.
0 1 - 2
0 1 - 2
0 1 - 2
maswavlebels periodulad uwevs erTi konkretuli faqtis

da movlenis codnis Semowmeba/Sefaseba. Sesabamisad, unda aigos
Sefasebis sqemac. magaliTad, iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac prezentacia konkretul istoriul faqtze an movlenazea agebuli, Sefasebis sqema ise unda aigos, rom masSi swored am konkretuli
faqtis an movlenis, aseve am movlenebis gamomwvevi faqtorebis
103
da Sedegebis Sefaseba iyos gaTvaliswinebuli. aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis dgeba konkretuli, erTjeradad gamosayenebeli Sefasebis sqema. aseTi Sefasebis sqema, vimeorebT, moswavlis codnas
amowmebs mxolod erT konkretul movlenasTan, faqtTan an detalTan mimarTebiT da, cxadia, mravaljeradi gamoyenebisTvis
ver gamodgeba.
SesaZlebelia iseTi Sefasebis sqemis Sedgenac, romelic
aerTianebs zogadi da konkretuli Sefasebis sqemebis maxasiaTeblebs. magaliTad, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sefasebis mizania rogorc zogadad prezentaciis unaris, aseve konkretulad
faqtebis codnis Semowmeba/Sefaseba, Sefasebis sqema orive Sefasebis sqemis maxasiaTeblebs unda Seicavdes.
rogorc vxedavT, ar arsebobs Sefasebis sqemis erTi unificirebuli forma. saganmanaTleblo sistemebma da saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebebma, Sinaarsobrivad, struqturulad da Sefasebis
TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba sruliad gansxvavebuli Sefasebis sqemebi SeimuSaon. es damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra fasdeba, Sefasebisas ra kriteriumebia prioritetuli, ra mniSvneloba eniWeba
konkretul Sefasebis sqemas, vin da rogor iyenebs Sefasebis
Sedegebs da a.S. Sefasebis sqemebis mravalferovnebis miuxedavad, moTxovnebi maT mimarT erTnairia. esenia:
Sefasebis sqema unda iyos sando; Sefasebis sqema sandoa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ori gamsworeblis mier erTi
da imave movlenis Sefasebisas Sedegebi ar aris gansxvavebuli.
Sefasebis Sedegebi ar unda iyos ganpirobebuli maswavleblis
gamocdilebiT, gemovnebiT an ganaTlebiT. es miiRweva im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maxasiaTeblebi (rubrikebi) erTmniSvnelovnad
da mkafiod aris Camoyalibebuli;
Sefasebis sqema unda iyos validuri, anu mizanTan Sesabamisi. igi unda amowmebdes mxolod imas, ris Semowmebasac isaxavs miznad da sxvas arafers. magaliTad, Tu maswavlebels surs,
Seafasos jgufur muSaobaSi moswavleebis CarTuloba, xolo
Sefasebis sqema zepiri komunikaciis unars amowmebs, es Sefasebis sqema validuri, anu mizanTan Sesabamisi ver iqneba;
Sefasebis sqema unda iyos gamWvirvale. moswavleebi winaswar unda icnobdnen im Sefasebis sqemas, romliTac maTi codna
fasdeba. maT unda icodnen, Tu ras, ra kriteriumebiT da rogor
104
afasebs konkretuli Sefasebis sqema. sasurvelia, rom moswavleebma TviTon miiRon monawileoba Sefasebis sqemis SeqmnaSi.
swavlebis procesSi maswavlebelma unda SeZlos:
gamoiyenos arsebuli, `mza~ Sefasebis sqema;
SeZlos `mza~ Sefasebis sqemis adaptacia;
Seadginos axali Sefasebis sqema.
axali Sefasebis sqemis Sedgenisas maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs Semdegs (Sefasebis sqemis Sedgenis etapebi mocemulia
Tanamimdevrulad):
1. gansazRvravs Sefasebis sqemis mizans da mis formats. adgens mis ZiriTad kriteriumebs;
2. adgens maqsimaluri qulis, anu yvelaze maRali donis maCveneblis maxasiaTeblebs;
3. adgens minimaluri qulis, anu yvelaze dabali donis maCveneblis maxasiaTeblebs;
4. gansazRvravs Sualeduri doneebis raodenobas da maxasiaTeblebs. yoveli Sualeduri donis maxasiaTeblebi odnav
mainc unda gansxvavdebodnen rogorc mis wina, ise misi Semdgomi
doneebis maxasiaTeblebisagan. Sefasebis doneebis raodenoba, sasurvelia, iyos 4 an 5;
5. doneebis maxasiaTeblebi unda iyos maqsimalurad konkretuli da dazustebuli. magaliTad, zogad gamonaTqvams: `moswavlis maTematikuri gamoTvlebi kargia~, sjobs konkretuli
gamonaTqvami: `maTematikur gamoTvlebSi moswavles arc erTi
Secdoma ar aqvs daSvebuli~;
6. Sefasebis sqemis Sedgenis procesSi, SeZlebisdagvarad,
rTavs moswavleebs. amiT maswavlebeli moswavleebs saSualebas
aZlevs, ufro kargad gaerkvnen imaSi, Tu ras iTxoven maTgan da
rogor afaseben maT codnas;
7. erT-erT kolegasTan erTad iyenebs Sefasebis sqemas pilotirebis mizniT. isini erTdroulad, magram erTmaneTisagan
damoukideblad, afaseben erTsa da imave aqtivobas da, gansxvavebuli Sedegebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli sqemas ufro
metad akonkretebs.
105
mogvyavs kidev ori Sefasebis sqemis nimuSi.

zepiri komunikaciis Sefasebis sqemis nimuSi
(mag. problemis garSemo msjeloba, roluri TamaSebi, debatebi)
maqsimaluri qula: 10 (0 - cudi; 1 - saSualo, 2- kargi).
kriteriumebi
msjelobs garkveviT da amomwuravad; moyavs faqtebi da

argumentebi.
metyvelebs Tanmimdevrulad; winadadebebs logikurad
ukavSirebs erTmaneTs.
iyenebs saTanado, asakisTvis da klasisTvis Sesaferis
leqsikas da mxatvrul xerxebs.
saubrobs nela da garkveviT; bgerebi kargia; intonacia,
maxvili da ritmi swori.
icavs drois limits.
106
qulebi
moswavlis gakveTilze CarTulobis ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis sqemis nimuSi

moswavlis saxeli da gvari __________________
klasi _______
dadebiTi maCveneblebi
monawileobs diskusiebSi.
yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
svams kiTxvebs; iTxovs ganyovelTvis

martebebs
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
gakveTilze modis momzadeyovelTvis

buli.
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
gakveTilze cudad iqceva;

Tanatolebs xels uSlis. yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
yovelTvis
xandaxan
iSviaTad arasodes
monawileobs
klasgareSe aqtivobebSi.
exmareba Tanatolebs
uaryofiTi maCveneblebi
acdens gakveTilebs
igvianebs gakveTilebze
yuradReba gafantuli aqvs
107
moswavlis gakveTilze CarTuloba SeiZleba qulebiTac

SevafasoT. am SemTxvevaSi mxolod dadebiTi maCveneblebi
unda gamovitanoT, magaliTad:

moswavlis saxeli da gvari ________________________
klasi _______
yovelTvis xandaxan iSviaTad arasodes

monawileobs diskusiebSi
svams kiTxvebs;
iTxovs ganmartebebs.
gakveTilze modis momzadebuli.
monawileobs jgufur
aqtivobebSi.
exmareba Tanatolebs.
muSaobs proeqtebze.
monawileobs
klasgareSe aqtivobebSi.
108
10-9-8
7-6-5
4-3-2
1-0

pasuxebi.
Sefasebis sqemebi (rubrikebi) aris mkacrad gansazRvruli kriteriumebisa da maTi gamoyenebis wesebis erToblioba, romlis mixedviTac fasdeba moswavlis
moswreba ama Tu im aqtivobaSi an saganSi;
arsebobs gansxvavebuli ti pis da daniSnulebis
Sefasebis sqemebi. imisda mixedviT, Tu ra mizans isaxavs konkretuli Sefaseba da rogor miiRweva es mizani,
ganasxvaveben analitikur da holistur, zogad da konkretul Sefasebis sqemebs;
drois garkveuli monakveTis ganmavlobaSi erTi
da imave Sefasebis sqemis sistematurad gamoyeneba da
Sedegebis Sedareba moswavlis ganviTarebis efeqturi
saSualebaa;
sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma Sefasebis sqemis
Seqmnis procesSi CarTos moswavleebi. es moswavleebs
saSualebas miscems, ufro kargad gaerkvnen imaSi, Tu
ras iTxoven maTgan.
109
TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba

rogor SeuZlia moswavles sakuTari Tavis an Tanatolis Sefaseba;
rogor unda SevqmnaT TviTSefasebis sqemebi;
rodis unda gamoviyenoT moswavlis TviTSefasebis an
TanatolTa Sefasebis meTodi;
rogor unda gamoviyenoT TviTSefasebis da TanatolTa
Sefasebis sxvadasxva forma.
1. ras niSnavs TviTSefaseba?

2. ras niSnavs TanatolTa Sefaseba?
3. romelia TviTSefasebis an TanatolTa Sefasebis yvelaze
gavrcelebuli forma?
4. moswavleSi ra Tvisebebs aviTarebs TviTSefaseba da Tanatolis Sefaseba?
situacia
me-10 klasis inglisuri enis maswavlebeli sistematurad
agrovebs informacias moswavleebis winsvlis da problemebis
Sesaxeb. igi amisTvis Sefasebis gansxvavebul meTodebs iyenebs.
erT-erTi aseTi meTodi moswavleTa mier sakuTari codnis Sefasebaa. maswavlebelma icis, rom yvelaze xalisiT moswavleebi
swored TviTSefasebis sqemebs avseben. ufro metic, TviTSfasebis
sqemis Sevsebis Semdeg isini Riad uCveneben erTmaneTs Sedegebs
da xalisiT msjeloben maT Sesaxeb. Sefasebis es forma maswav-
110
lebelsac moswons. man icis, rom igi amiT xels uwyobs moswavleebis TviTganviTarebas da codnis SeZenis procesis regulirebas.
semestris naxevarma ukve gaiara da maswavlebeli iRebs gadawyvetilebas, aagos TviTSefasebis iseTi sqema, romelic kiTxvisa
da weris unar-Cvevebs Seamowmebs da, amave dros, saswavlo gegmaSi
mocemul swavlis Sedegebze iqneba orientirebuli.
maswavleblis mier Sedgenili sqemis nawili Semdegnairad

gamoiyureba:
TviTSefasebis sqema inglisur enaSi

saxeli, gvari _________________________
TariRi _______
gaxaze swori pasuxi
1. erTi Tvalis gadavlebiT vxvdebi, razea teqsti.

yovelTvis zogjer
arasodes
2. konteqstiT vxvdebi ucnobi sityvebis mniSvnelobas.

yovelTvis zogjer
arasodes
3. sanam Temis weras daviwyeb, jer gegmas vadgen.

yovelTvis zogjer arasodes
4. naweris Sav variants vasworeb da gadavwer.

yovelTvis zogjer
arasodes
5. werisas vicav drois limits.

yovelTvis
zogjer
arasodes
6. vsargeblob leqsikoniT.

yovelTvis
zogjer
arasodes
111
moswavleebi avseben sqemas. Sedegebis mixedviT, isini TvalnaTliv xedaven, Tu ra gamosdiT kargad, ra _ saSualod da ra
_ cudad. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, Sevsebuli sqema
Seinaxon. ramdenime kviris Semdeg moswavleebi avseben TviTSefasebis imave sqemas da Zvel da axal Sedegebs adareben. isini
maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe xedaven, Tu ra unar-Cvevebi gaiumjobeses da ra mimarTulebiT sWirdebaT muSaoba.
*****
moswavleebma SeiZleba Seafason sakuTari Tavi (TviTSefaseba), aseve Seafason megobari (TanatolTa Sefaseba). moswavlis
TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba moswavlis Sefasebis
mniSvnelovani komponentebia. Sefasebis es meTodebi mniSvnelovan informacias iZleva imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor SeuZlia moswavles Tvalyuri adevnos sakuTar progress. mniSvnelovania aseve
is, rom TviTSefasebis sistematuri gamoyeneba moswavles sakuTari codnis obieqtur Sefasebas aswavlis da damoukideblad
swavlis Cvevebs da TviTkritikis unars uviTarebs.
TviTSfaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba moswavleebs aZlevs
imis saSualebas, rom ufro gargad gaacnobieron TavianTi susti da Zlieri mxareebi. amiT maT swavlis procesis mimarT meti
pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba uviTardebaT.
ix. gv. 79
meore mxriv, Sefasebis am meTodebis gamoyeneba

mniSvnelovania Tavad maswavleblisTvisac maTi
saSualebiT ufro met informacias agrovebs moswavleebis Sesaxeb da ufro efeqturad SeuZlia
daexmaros maT. TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba maswavlebels moswavlis ganmsazRvrel
SefasebaSi exmareba. TviTSefasebis sxvadasxva
forma arsebobs. maT Soris gavrcelebulia:
1. Sefasebis sqemebi:
moswavleebi miRebul codnas afaseben winaswar SemuSavebuli
Sefasebis sqemis mixedviT da codnis xarisxs zomaven qulebiT,
an iseTi sityvebis saSualebiT, rogoricaa: diax/ara; yovelTvis/
iSviaTad/arasdros; veTanxmebi/ar veTanxmebi.
igive teqnika SeiZleba Tanatolis Sefasebis drosac gamoviyenoT.
112
2. Seamowme Seni Tavi:

moswavleeebi maT mier daweril savarjiSoebs an mimdinare
testebs asworeben winaswar SemuSavebuli pasuxebis mixedviT
da iweren qulebs.
igive teqnika SeiZleba Tanatolis Sefasebis drosac gamoviyenoT. alternativa: pasuxebs maswavlebeli ukiTxavs mTel
jgufs erTad; moswavleebi maswavleblis mier wakiTxul pasuxebs adareben maT mier dawerils da bolos iTvlian, Tu ramdeni sakiTxi gaakeTes sworad.
3. Canawerebi:
moswavleebi akeTeben Canawerebs an weren individualur dRiurebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras miaRwies, ras vera, ra Sedegebi aqvT,
ra uSliT xels swavlaSi da a.S.
4. Sexvedrebi maswavlebelTan:
moswavleebi individualurad xvdebian maswavlebels da
esaubrebian TavianTi warmatebebisa da problemebis Sesaxeb.
TviTSefasebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma TviTSefasebis
sqemebia. es sqemebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT gansxvavebul dros
da gansxvavebul SemTxvevebSi: rodesac vamowmebT, Tu rogor
daZlies moswavleebma saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli erTi Tema,
erTi gakveTili, an, sulac, erTi savarjiSo; rogor miaRwies saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul konkretul Sedegs an Sedegebs;
rogor aiTvises saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli faqtobrivi
masala; rogor ganuviTardaT garkveuli unar-Cvevebi da sxv. zogierT saxelmZRvanelos Tavad axlavs TviTSefasebis da TanatolTa Sefasebis sqemebi. maswavlebelma maT gverdi arasodes
ar unda auaros. qvemoT mogvyavs TviTSefasebis sqemis sami
nimuSi. samive sqema SeiZleba Tanatolis Sesafasebladac gamoiyenebodes. msgavsi sqemebis SemuSaveba rTuli ar aris. maswavlebels unda SeeZlos, rom swavlebis yovel etapze da yoveli
konkretuli miznisaTvis Seqmnas martivi, swrafad gasakeTebeli
analogiuri sqemebi. aseTi sqemebis SemuSavebaSi SesaZlebelia
moswavleebic monawileobdnen.
jgufur muSaobaSi monawileobis TviTSefasebis sqemis nimuSi (igive sqema debatebSi monawileobis TviTSefasebis drosac gamodgeba):
113
saxeli, gvari ______________________

TariRi ______________
Semoxaze swori pasuxi.

davalebis moTxovnas vupasuxe zustad. diax ara
moviyvane ramdenime magaliTi.
diax ara

davicavi abzacebi.

diax ara
davicavi sityvebis raodenoba. diax ara

naSromi gadavaTeTre. diax ara
saxeli, gvari ______________________

TariRi ______________
aRniSne swori pasuxi.
yovelTvis xandaxan iSviaTad arasodes
Cems azrs Riad gamovTqvam.
___
___
___
___
vcdilob, argumentirebulad visaubro ------ ___ ___ ___

roca sxva laparakobs, yuradRebiT vusmen ------ .___ ___ ___
gansxvavebuli azri mainteresebs. ___ ___ ___ ___
gansxvavebul azrs viTvaliswineb. ___ ___ ___ ___
vici, rom kamaTi CxubSi ar unda
gadaizardos.
___
___
___ ___
drois limits vicav. ___ ___ ___ ___
114
ucxouri enis codnis Sesamowmebeli TviTSefasebis

sqemis nimuSi
saxeli, gvari ______________________

TariRi ________
aRniSne swori pasuxi
yovelTvis xandaxan arasodes
SemiZlia megobars mivwero werili.

_____
SemiZlia, Sevadgino gancxadeba nacnob Temaze
._____
SemiZlia, Sevavso saaplikacio forma.
_____
Temis werisas viyeben axladnaswavl sityvebs.
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
SemiZlia, visaubro Cemi momavali specialobis Sesaxeb.

_____ _____ _____
Canaweris mosmenisas SemiZlia gavigo, razea saubari.
_____ _____ _____
SemiZlia leqsikonis gamoyeneba.
_____
_____
_____
(gamoyenebulia evrokavSiris ganaTlebis komitetis mier SemuSavebuli debulebebi, romelTa mixedviTac xdeba ucxouri
enis codnis donis dadgena)
TviTSefasebis SedarebiT ufro araformaluri modelia moswavleebis mier Canawerebis (dRiurebis) warmoeba. maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda auxsnas aseTi Canawerebis gakeTebis
115
mniSvneloba da sargebloba. moswavleebma unda icodnen, rom

TviTSfasebaze orientirebuli Canawerebi maT saSualebas miscems, ufro naTlad dainaxon sakuTari warmatebebic da warumateblobebic. aseve, damoukideblad i povon sirTuleebis daZlevis gzebi. qvemoT mogvyavs aseTi Canaweris nimuSi:
`dRes fizikaSi nivTierebis agebuleba agvixsnes. mere ori
cda CavatareT. cdebi miyvars. pirveli cda kargad gavige.
rodesac maswavlebelma gviTxra, varaudi gamoTqviT, ase ratom moxdao, me Cemi varaudi gamovTqvi da marTalic aRmovCndi.
magram meore cda namdvilad ver gavige da gamiWirda daskvnis
gakeTeba. me mgoni daRlili viyavi, an, ubralod, yuradRebiT
ar viyavi. ar vici. kidev erTxel gadavikiTxav gakveTils da
Tu kidev ver gavige risTvis iyo is cda, mere maswavlebels an
daTos vkiTxav.~

pasuxebi.
116
moswavleebis mier sakuTari SesaZleblobebis da

miRebuli codnis Sefaseba aris TviTSefaseba, xolo megobris, Tanaklaselis Sefaseba - TanatolTa Sefaseba;
TviTSefasebis an TanatolTa Sefasebis yvelaze
ufro gavrcelebuli forma Sefasebis sqemebia. maswavlebelma unda SeZlos yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevisa da
saWiroebis mixedviT martivi da konkretuli Sefasebis
sqemebis SemuSaveba;
Canaweri TviTSefasebis erT-erTi formaa. Canaweris
saSualebiT moswavle obieqturad afasebs sakuTar warmatebebs da problemebs da eZebs sirTulis gadalaxvis
gzebs;
TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba Sefasebis is
meTodebia, romlis drosac moswavle damoukideblad, maswavleblis uSualo monawileobis gareSe adevnebs Tvals
codnis miRebis process da afasebs Tavis SesaZleblobebs.
es ki mas damoukideblad swavlis unar-Cvevas uyalibebs
117
problemis gadaWris procesis Sefaseba

ratom aris mniSvnelovani problemis gadaWris
cesis gaanalizeba da Sefaseba;
pro-
ras
gulisxmobs problemis gadaWramde gadadgmuli
nabijebis analizi da Sefaseba;
rogor unda SeafasoT, Tu ramdenad kargad esmiT da aRweren moswavleebi problemis gadaWris process;
rogor SeiZleba davadginoT moswavleTa konkretuli
da specifikuri saWiroebebi problemis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT.
situacia
maswavlebels klasSi 25 moswavle hyavs. igi dainteresebulia,
daadginos, Tu ramdenad kargad esmiT moswavleebs gantolebebi
da ramdenad SeuZliaT gamoiyenon isini sxvadasxva sirTulis
problemebis gadasaWrelad.Aaseve, mas surs, gaigos, drouli iqneba Tu ara axal masalaze gadasvla. Aamitom axal sakiTxebze
gadasvlamde maswavlebeli afasebs moswavleTa codnas gantolebebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT.
maswavlebeli winaswar moemzada gakveTilis Casatareblad.
Mman gadaxeda masalas, romelic moswavleebma gaiares wina kviras. Mmaswavlebelma aarCia ramdenime sxvadasxva sirTulis amocana da Adaaxarisxa isini sirTulis mixedviT. man gaiTvaliswina Tavisi moswavleebis SesaZleblobebi da CamonaTvalidan
SearCia sami sxvadasxva sirTulis problema. dainiSna dro, gaakeTa Sesabamisi Canawerebi da amoxsna TiToeuli maTgani. maswavlebelma icis, rom misgan gansxvavebiT, amocanis amosaxsnelad
moswavleebs orjer meti dro dasWirdebaT. is kargad icnobs
118
moswavleebs da darwmunebulia, rom erTi amocanis amoxsnas yvela moswavle moaxerxebs, meore amocanas moswavleTa umetesoba
amoxsnis, xolo mesame, SesaZloa, yvelasTvis rTuli iyos.
maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania procesis aRwera Tundac yvelaze martivi problemis gadaWris dros. maswavlebelma
icis, rom SesaZloa zogierTi moswavle ramdenime mcdari nabijis gadadgmis Semdeg mixvdes sakuTar Secdomas da Tavidan
daiwyos problemis gadawyvetis gzebis Zieba.
SesaZloa, zogierTma moswavlem SesaniSnavad aRweros mis
mier gadadgmuli nabijebi, magram sasurvel Sedegs ver miaRwios,
anu man amocana ver amoxsnas, problema ver gadaWras. moswavleTa mier aRwerili nabijebi maswavlebels saSualebas miscems, dainaxos, rodis
daiwyes moswavleebma
mcdari gadawyvetilebebis miReba da ra iyo
amis mizezi.
gakveTilis dawyebisas
maswavlebeli
Zalian naTlad acnobs
moswavleebs, Tu ra moeTxovebaT maT. igi uxsnis moswavleebs, rom
es ar aris is SemTxveva, roca yvelaze mTavaria swori pasuxis
gacema. am SemTxvevaSi
maswavleblisaTvis
bevrad mniSvnelovania,
Tu rogor, ra gziT
xsnian isini amocanebs.
misTvis mniSvnelovania, araswori pasuxis
drosac icodes, Tu
ra gziT cdilobda
moswavle problemis
gadawyvetas
da
ra
konkretuli nabijebi
gadadga. aqedan gamomdinare, moswavleebma unda gaakeTon Canawerebi, romelTa analizi saSualebas miscems pedagogs, daadginos, Tu sad uSveben Secdomebs moswavleebi da gauwios maT
daxmareba.
119
maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs

sam amocanas, sTxovs
Canawerebis gakeTebas da hpirdeba, rom vinc davalebas srulfasovnad Seasrulebs, 10 qulas miRebs da mis warmatebas SemdgomSic gaiTvaliswinebs. maswavlebeli moswavleebs amocanebis amoxsnasa da procesis dokumentirebaze 45 wuTs aZlevs.
davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg ibarebs moswavleTa namuSevrebs
da iwyebs maT analizs.
maswavlebli ecnoba Canawerebs, aanalizebs maT da xvdeba,
rom klasSi sami jgufi ikveTeba: 1. moswavleebi, romlebmac ori
amocana mainc amoxsnes da amoxsnis gzebi kargad Caweres; 2. moswavleebi, romlebmac ori amocana mainc amoxsnes, magram amoxsnis gzebi cudad Caweres; 3. moswavleebi, romlebmac saerTod
ver gaiges amocanis amoxsnis procesi da ZiriTadad araswori
pasuxebi gasces. aseTma Sedegebma maswavlebeli daarwmuna, rom
sxvadasxava sirTulis amocanebis amosaxsnelad kvadratuli
gantolebis gamoyenebis procesi yvelasaTvis naTeli ar iyo.
amitom kidev erTi gakveTili unda Caetarebina am Temaze da
gaeTvaliswinebina yvela is Secdoma, romelic gamoikveTa moswavleTa CanawerebSi.

Mumetes SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli amowmebs moswavlis mier
gadaWrili problemis marTebulobas da afasebs Sesabamisi
qulebiT. ESefasebis es farTod gavrcelebuli xerxi mniSvnelovania, magram naklebad iZleva informacias moswavleTa
specifikuri da konkretuli saWiroebebis Sesaxeb.
Aam TavSi vsaubrobT iseT meTodze, romlis daxmarebiTac
SesaZlebelia problemis gadaWramde gadadgmuli nabijebis analizi da Sefaseba. am meTodiT muSaobis dros moswavleebi
akeTeben Tanmimdevrul Canawerebs problemis gadasaWrelad
Catarebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb. es meTodi orientirebulia ufro
procesze da ara Sedegze. am meTods problemis gadaWris procesis Sefaseba SeiZleba vuwodoT. imisTvis, rom problemis gadaWris procesi ufro naTeli gaxdes, gavixsenoT, Tu ra aris
problema da CamovTvaloT problemis gadaWris SesaZlo etapebi, romlebic, ra Tqma unda, sagnisa da problebis specifikidan
gamomdinare, SeiZleba garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli iyos:
problemad iTvleba iseTi situacia, rTuli sakiTxi, amocana, romelic saWiroebs Seswavlas da gadaWras. problemis
gadaWra gulisxmobs garkveuli problemis amosaxsneli pirobe-
120
bis, xerxebis an damxmare saSualebebis mofiqrebas kritikuli

da SemoqmedebiTi gziT. problemis gadaWra warmoadgens rTul
saazrovno unar-Cvevas, romelic efuZneba codnasa da logikur
azrovnebas.
problemis gadaWris SesaZlo etapebia:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
problemis gansazRvra;
Sesaferisi informaciis Segroveba;
problemis gamomwvevi SesaZlo mizezebis dadgena;
problemis gadaWris sxvadasxva xerxebis mofiqreba;
problemis gadaWris saukeTeso gzis arCeva;
problemis gadaWris gegmis Camoyalibeba;
Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba.
problemebis gadasaWrelad moswavleebis mier gadadgmuli

nabijebis aRweras, anu procesis Sefasebis meTods maswavleblisaTvis sami mizani aqvs:
1. Seafasos, Tu rogor gadaWrian moswavleebi problemebs;
2. gansazRvros, Tu ramdenad kargad esmiT da aRweren moswavleebi problemis gadaWris process;
3. Seiswavlos moswavleebis azrovnebis procesi da ganixilos maTTan erTad problemis gadaWris warmatebuli da warumatebeli gzebi.
Aes meTodi saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels, gaanalizos
moswavleTa Canawerebi. Canawerebis analizis Sedegad maswavlebels SeuZlia daadginos problemis gadaWris rogori unarCvevebi aqvs TiToeul moswavles; misces moswavles drouli da
mniSvnelovani rCevebi, romelTa daxmarebiTac moswavle ukeT
gaigebs sakuTari Secdomebis mizezs da iswavlis
problemis
gadaWris procesis kontrols.
problemis gadaWris efeqtiani procedurebis codna da
gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania nebismieri sagnis SeswavlisTvis.
sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis swavlebis dros problemebis
gadaWra mimdinareobs wyaroebis analizze, realur situaciebze
dayrdnobiT, sxvadasxava faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT da a.S.
sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi _ problemuri situaciebis
gadawyveta efuZneba kvlevebs, eqsperimentebs, cdebs, analizs da
a.S.
musikaSi, saxviT da gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi/SromiT swavlebaSi problemebis gadaWra ufro SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTisaa.
121
qarTulSi problemis gadaWra mimdinareobs kritikuli azrovnebisa da SemoqmedebiTi midgomis gziT.

ucxo enebSi arsebobs sakiTxavi, mosasmeni, weriTi da zepirmetyvelebiTi problemuri amocanebi.
maswavleblis mier
problema ise unda iqnas dasmuli,
rom moswavleebs SemoqmedebiTi da kritikuli azrovnebis saSualeba misces. mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma ganixilos moswavleTa mier gakeTebuli detaluri Canawerebi da gaakeTos
komentarebi.
problemis gadaWris procesis Sefasebis Asaswavlo miznebs
warmoadgens:
moswavleebma SeZlon nacnobi princi pebis ganzogadeba da
problemebTan misadageba;
problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;
sagnis specifikis gaTvaliswineba;
swavlis strategiebis da unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
problemis gadaWris procesis Sefaseba

SemTxvevasTan dakavSirebiT
zemoT aRweril
1. airCie erTi, ori an sami problema im masalidan, romelsac

moswavleebi wina kviraSi swavlobdnen. Tu airCev sam problemas, maSin ecade, rom iqidan erTis amoxsna mTel klass SeeZlos,
meoris amoxsna klasis ZiriTad nawils, xolo mesame, SesaZloa,
rTuli iyos yvelasaTvis.
E2. amoxseni problemebi Sen TviTon da Caiwere yvela is
nabiji, romelic gadadgi am problemebis gadaWrisas. CainiSne,
ra dro dagWirda problemebis gadasaWrelad da ramdeni nabiji
dasWirda TiToeul maTgans.
3. Tu aRmoaCen, rom romelime problemis gadaWra Zalian bevr
dros iTxovs, an Zalian rTulia, Secvale an gaamartive.
4. mas Semdeg, rac problemebs SearCev, CaTvale, rom moswavleebs orjer meti dro mainc dasWirdebaT imave davalebis Sesasruleblad. ecadeT, rom instruqciebi iyos Zalian naTeli.
5. kargad auxseniT moswavleebs, rom es ar aris testi, sadac
mTavaria pasuxis gacema. bevrad mniSvnelovania, Tu ra gziT
gadaWrian isini problemebs. moswavleTa Canawerebis analiziT
SesaZlebelia imis dadgena, Tu sad uSveben moswavleebi Sec-
122
domas da ra ti pis daxmareba dasWirdebaT.

6. moswavleTa namuSevrebis ganxilvis dros Tavdapirvelad
gaakeTeT sityvieri wamaxalisebeli komentarebi da Semdeg gamoavlineT zogadi xasiaTis xarvezebi.
7. sTxoveT iseT moswavleebs, romlebmac gansakuTrebiT kargad gaarTves Tavi davalebas, warudginon TavianTi namuSevari
sxvebs detaluri, nabij-nabij ganxilvis meTodiT.
8. Sefasebis es meTodi gamoiyeneT saSinao davalebebis drosac. sTxoveT moswavleebs, micemuli problemebidan erTi mainc
amoxsnan aseTi gziT. waaxaliseT isini aseTi muSaobisaTvis.

maswavlebels problemis gadaWris procesis Sefaseba exmareba, gamoikvlios saerTo sirTuleebi, romlebic xels uSlis moswavleebs winsvlaSi da warmoadgens axali masalis
auTviseblobis safuZvels;
meTodi, romliTac problemis gadaWris procesi fasdeba, naTels xdis moswavleebisaTvis problemis gadaWris
warmatebul da warumatebul gzebs;
bevri moswavlisTvis Canawerebis xSirad gakeTeba, SesaZloa, rTuli aRmoCndes, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi isini
eCvevian procesis ganxilvas, rac swavlis mniSvnelovan unarCvevas warmoadgens;
am meTodiT muSaobis dros maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs
moswavleTa warmatebebis sxvadasxva dones da yvela moswavles aZlevs saSualebas, miiRos aqtiuri monawileoba Canawerebis gakeTebis procesSi;
aRniSnuli meTodi naTels xdis moswavleTa saWiroebebs
da saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels, SearCios swori strategia Semdgomi saqmianobisaTvis;
amgvari swavleba saswavlo process inteleqtualurad
ufro datvirTuls xdis, amaRlebs moswavleTa motivaciis
dones da aZlierebs saswavlo procesSi maTi CarTulobis
xarisxs.
123
komunikacia

ras niSnavs kargi komunikacia;
ratom aris maswavleblisTvis mniSvnelovani verbaluri
da araverbaluri komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi;
rogor unda gaaumjobesoT verbaluri da araverbaluri
komunikacia.
1. ramdenad aris damokidebuli moswavleebis akademiuri moswreba maswavleblis komunikaciis unarze?

2. ramdenad didi mniSvenloba aqvs Tqvens xmas da sametyvelo
enas moswavleebisaTvis?
3. rogor unda marToT komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi swavlebisa
da swavlis gasaumjobeseblad?
124
situacia
klasSi xmauria da maswavlebels uWirs moswavleTa kontroli. maswavlebeli xmamaRali saubriT cdilobs, gadafaros
maTi xmebi. igi darwmunebulia, rom klasisTvis micemuli instruqciebi yvelasTvis gasagebia, radgan misi xma yvelgan aRwevs.
maswavlebels eswreba kolega da diqtofonze iwers gakveTils.
maswavleblebi winaswar Tanxmdebian, rom gakveTilebis Semdeg
maT erTad unda ganixilon Catarebuli gakveTili. maswavlebeli, romlis gakveTilis Canawersac ismenen, sakuTari xmis simaRliT gaocebulia. igi Sewuxebuli da ukmayofiloa sakuTari
saubriT da uWirs imis dajereba, rom is, vinc ase usiamovnod
yviris, Tavadaa.
rogor fiqrobT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom Tqvenc igive
reaqcia gqondeT sakuTari xmisa da metyvelebis mosmenis Semdeg? imisaTvis, rom Tqveni pasuxi obieqturi iyos, CaiwereT erTerTi gakveTili. amis gakeTeba rTuli ar aris da arc kolegis daswrebaa aucilebeli. ubralod, CarTeT magnitofoni an
diqtofoni da CaiwereT gakveTilis msvleloba. moismineT da
SeadareT Tqveni reaqcia aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi aRweril maswavleblis reaqcias. Semdeg SeavseT TviTSefasebis sqema.
125
maswavleblis TviTSefasebis sqema
kiTxvebi
gamovxatav Tu ara naTlad imas, risi Tqmac msurs?
sasiamovnod aRiqmeba Cemi xmis simaRle Tu ara?
Zalian Cqara vsaubrob Tu ara?
aris Tu ara Cemi saubari monotonuri da uemocio?
yvela sityvas naTlad da gasagebad warmovTqvam?

aris Tu ara Cemi sametyvelo ena rTuli
da terminologiiT datvirTuli?
viyeneb Tu ara aqtiuri mosmenis teqnikas?
vaZlev Tu ara gansazRvrul dros

moswavleebs kiTxvebze pasuxebis gasacemad?
126
diax ara
pasuxebis gaanalizebis Semdeg gansazRvreT xarvezebi. meti

obieqturobisTvis, sTxoveT sxva maswavlebels, mousminos
Canawers da miganiSnoT imaze, ris gamosworebasac saWiroebT.
sanam sakuTar gakveTils CaiwerdeT, gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul
Teoriul masalas, romelic saSualebas mogcemT, ukeTesad marToT sakuTari komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi.
komunikacia warmoadgens rTul process, romelic gulisxmobs informaciis an ideebis gacvlas verbalurad (sityvierad),
araverbalurad (arasityvierad), Tu werilobiT. efeqtiani komunikacia gulisxmobs aramarto informaciis miwodebas, aramed
miRebas, rac iTvaliswinebs mosmenas, dakvirvebasa da SegrZnebas.
adamianebis umravlesoba fiqrobs, rom ara aqvs problema komunikaciaSi, Tumca, Tu sistematurad davakvirdebiT Cvens komunikaciur unar-Cvevebs, aucileblad vi poviT xarvezs. maswavlebels ar SeuZlia winaswar gansazRvros, Tu rogori reaqcia
eqneba moswavles SeTavazebul aqtivobaze, saubarze an dasmul
SekiTxvaze. maswavleblis reaqcia, verbaluri Tu araverbaluri,
nebismier saklaso situaciaSi gavlenas axdens maswavleblisa
da moswavlis urTierTobaze. imisaTvis, rom maswavlebels Sesabamisi reaqcia hqondes, sWirdeba kargad ganviTarebuli komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi da imis gagebis unari, Tu ras rogor
aRiqvamen moswavleebi.
xmis gamoyeneba
maswavleblis xma saklaso komunikaciis mniSvnelovani saSualebaa. xmas aqvs zogierTi fiqsirebuli Tviseba, romelic
aZlevs mas gansakuTrebul xasiaTs. aqedan gamomdinare, sasurveli efeqtis misaRwevad, Tqven SegiZliaT SecvaloT xmis done,
bgeris simaRle, toni, mkafiooba da gamomxatveloba, raTa xma
ufro efeqturad gamoiyenoT da yuradReba gaamaxviloT imaze,
rasac ambobT.
metyveleba aramxolod Sinaarsis
gadascemis, aramed
moswavlesTan
urTierTobis
saSualebaa.
moswavleTa
saxelebis gamoyeneba, maTi klasgareSe cxovrebiT daintereseba,
maTi gamocdilebis dafaseba qmnis komunikaciisaTvis dadebiT
atmosferos.
disci plinis dasamyareblad maswavlebeli metyvelebas xSir-
127
ad uaryofiTi formiT iyenebs. Tumca, dadebiT midgomas ufro

meti Sedegi moaqvs.
yvela adamians SeuZlia iswavlos sasiamovno saubari, areguliros sakuTari xmis simaRle da saubris tempi. kargia, Tu
SegviZlia sxvadasxava tonalobis efeqtianad gamoyeneba, magram ar unda vilaparakoT Zalian xmamaRla, Tu amis ukiduresi
aucilebloba ar aris. cnobilia, rom xmamaRala mosaubre maswavlebels hyavs xmauriani klasi. Tu zedmets vyviriT, maSin
yvirili CvevaSi gadadis.
rasakvirvelia, klasSi maswavleblis xma yvelas unda esmodes,
magram amisTvis yvirili saWiro ar aris.
Tu maswavlebeli mkafiod da naTlad gamoTqvams sityvebs,
SesaZloa, xmadabla naTqvamic gasagebi iyos mTeli klasisTvis.
xmis regulacia da proeqcia erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria
komunikaciaSi. xSirad Tqveni saubris Sinaarsi gansazRvravs xmis
tons. adamians, SesaZloa, hqondes maRali an dabali toni, magram
romelia bunebrivi, amis garCeva moswavleebs ar uWirT. saTqmelis xazgasasmelad, sasurvelia, xmis simaRle davwioT. xmis
sidable mniSvnelovnebis SegrZnebas badebs da,yuradRebis
miqcevis mizniT, ufro
avtoritetuli da sandoa.
Cven
SegviZlia
xma avimaRloT, magram
Tu isedac xmamaRla
saubari
gvaxasiaTebs,
amas ar eqneba igive Sedegi. mSvidi, gawonasworebuli saubari msmenelze
gacilebiT ufro did
gavlenas axdens. Tumca,
garkveul
situaciaSi
SeiZleba aucilebelic
iyos Cqari laparaki, magram am dros yuradReba
unda mivaqcioT gamoTqmas.
xmis saSualebiT
sasurveli
Sedegis
misaRwevad, saWiroa zemoaRniSnuli faqtorebi efeqturad gamoviyenoT. magaliTad,
maswavlebli ver SeZlebs efeqtian komunikacias, Tu misi xmis
simaRle misaRebia, magram sityvebs naTlad da mkafiod ar
128
gamoTqvams.
daubrundiT Tqveni gakveTilis Canawers da daakvirdiT, ra
efeqts axdens moswavleebze Tqveni saubari. Tu Tqven xmamaRla saubrobT da moswavleebic Tqvengan aseT tons miCveulebi arian, sasurvel Sedegs ver miaRwevT. aseve, mniSvnelovania,
Tqveni xma gamoxatavdes emocias. Tu vinmes aqebT, Tqveni xma
unda iyos sasiamovno; Tu rame mogwonT, xmaSi sixaruli unda
igrZnobodes; Tu disci plinaze saubrobT, Tqveni xma unda iyos
momTxovni. Tu Tqven yvelaferze erTnairi xmiT saubrobT, maSin
ar gagikvirdeT, rom moswavleebi yvela Tqvens naTqvams erTgvarovnad aRiqvamen.
maswavleblis sametyvelo ena
imisaTvis, rom moswavleebs ganuviTardeT metyvelebis unari,

aucilebelia, rom maT kargad esmodeT maswavleblis saubari.
Mmoswavleebma, SesaZloa, ar icodnen iseTi sityvebis mniSvneloba, romelic
maswavleblis yoveldRiuri metyvelebisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli.
moswavleebs unda velaparakoT maTTvis gasageb enaze. es
ar niSnavs imas, rom moswavles ar unda vaswavloT saganTan
dakavSirebuli terminologia. am terminologias moswavle TandaTanobiT unda iTvisebdes. moswavleebisaTvis martivia axali
masalis gageba, Tu mas davakavSirebT ukve nacnob TemebTan.
kidev erTxel ganixileT Tqveni gakveTilis Canaweri da
daadgineT Tqveni sametyvelo enis specifika qvemoT mocemul
kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemiT:
ra aris Tqvens saubarSi dadebiTi?
gaixseneT, Tqveni moswavleebidan ramdeni iyenebs imave terminebs da frazeologias, romelsac Tqven xmarobT? Tu sakmaod
mcire, ras niSnavs es?
xom ar migvaniSnebs es imaze, rom maT ar esmiT am terminebis mniSvneloba?
rogor warmoadgenT da ganmartavT ucxo sityvebs
gakveTilze?
CamowereT, romel specifikur sityvebs Tu frazebs
iyenebT?
129
ra saxiT miscemT moswavleebs SesaZleblobas, rom ivarjiSon am sityvebis gamoyenebaSi?

pauza
saubris dros metad mniSvnelovania pauza. maswavlebels
SeuZlia is Zalzed efeqtianad gamoiyenos romelime sakiTxis
mniSvnelobaze xazgasasmelad. Aaseve, aucilebelia pauzis gakeTeba da moTmineba, sanam moswavle pasuxs gascems Tqven mier
dasmul kiTxvas. kvlevebma aCvenes, rom pauzisTvis saukeTeso
droa 3 wamidan TxuTmet wamamde da zemoT, kiTxvis sirTulis
Sesabamisad.
yuradRebis mi pyroba
maswavlebelma gakveTilis dasawyisSive iseT xerxs unda
mimarTos, rom mii pyros moswavleTa yuradReba. SesaZloa maswavlebels amisTvis rame wesi hqondes SemoRebuli. magaliTad:
`viTvli samamde. rodesac vityvi sams, yvela moswavle mzad
iqneba gakveTilisTvis~. sanam laparaks daiwyebdeT, darwmundiT,
rom yvela moswavle Cumad aris, gxedavT da yuradRebiT gismenT.
saubris dros nu imoZravebT, radgan aman SeiZleba gafantos
moswavleTa yuradReba.
araverbaluri komunikacia
araverbalur komunikaciaSi Sedis adamianis Cacmuloba, Jestikulacia, poza, saxis gamometyveleba (mimika), manerebi, mzera.
araverbaluri komunikacia aZlierebs an amcirebs verbalurs da
damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad emTxveva erTmaneTs verbaluri
da araverbaluri signalebi. xmas tonalobisa da intonaciis
Sesabamisi Jestikulacia da saxis gamometyveleba unda axldes.
magaliTad, SeiZleba SekiTxva ise warmovTqvaT, rom moswavlem masSi Txovna Seicnos. toni da xmis tembri xSirad TiTqos cvlis sityvebis Sinaarssac ki. mkvlevarebis azriT, adamiani saubris dros
informaciis 55%-s araverbaluri komunikaciiT iRebs.
130

pasuxebi.
efeqtiani komunikaciis unar-Cveva maswavlebels

uadvilebs moswavleebTan urTierTobas, swavlebisa da
swavlis procesis ukeT warmarTvas da moswavleebis
CarTvas saswavlo procesSi;
maswavleblis mondomebisa da survilis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia sakuTari xmisa da sametyvelo enis
daxvewa;
maswavlebeli, romelic saubris dros ar xmarobs

gaugebar sametyvelo enas da aqtiurad usmens moswavles, met warmatebebs aRwevs;
verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis unarCvevebi avseben erTmaneTs da maswavlebeli, romelic

efeqtianad iyenebs maT, ufro nakleb energias xarjavs
klasSi da ukeTes Sedegebs iRebs.
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komunikaciis saSualebebi

komunikaciis ra saSualebebi arsebobs;
ras niSnavs aqtiuri mosmena;
rogoria daxuruli da Ria kiTxvebi;
rogor unda warvmarToT efeqtiani axsnis, kiTxva-pasuxisa da dialogis procesi.
aqtiuri mosmena
situacia
maswavlebeli gakveTilze moqmedebs winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs, ar daarRvios gansazRvruli
drois limiti. erT-erTi aqtivobis dros maswavlebeli moswavleebs usvams kiTxvebs. moswavleTa umetesoba aqtiurobs. maswavlebels surs, miiRos swori da swrafi pasuxebi. moswavleebs,
romlebic ayovneben pasuxebs, awyvetinebs da sapasuxod sxva moswavles iwvevs. moswavleebis araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli gamoxatavs ukmayofilebas da gaRizianebas. droTa
ganmavlobaSi kiTxvebze mopasuxe moswavleTa raodenoba klebulobs da bolos mxolod ori moswavle iRebs monawileobas.
maswavlebeli mudmivad amowmebs dros da kmayofilia, rom kiTxvebi gansazRvrul droSi amowura.
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ganixileT situacia, gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul ganmartebebs

da advilad daadgenT, aris Tu ara es maswavlebeli aqtiuri
msmeneli.
aqtiuri mosmena aris mosmenisa da pasuxebis gacemis iseTi
forma, romelic aumjobesebs urTierTgagebas. aqtiuri mosmenis
dros msmeneli mTlianad aris CarTuli mosmenis procesSi da
TanaugrZnobs mosaubres. is xSirad imeorebs mosaubris sityvebs,
raTa daazustos sworad gaigo Tu ara misi naTqvami. aseTi qceva
mosaubres exmareba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, kidev erTxel ganmartos Tavisi mosazreba.
Mmaswavlebeli, romelic aqtiuri msmenelia:
yuradRebiT usmens moswavleebs da cdilobs, daadginos

Secdomebis mizezebi.
ar Riziandeba, rodesac ar eTanxmeba moswavlis mosazrebebs.
moswavleebs agrZnobinebs, rom igi mzad aris maTi
mosazrebebis mosasmenad da gasagebad.
darwmunebulia, rom moswavleebs kargad esmiT kiTxvebis arsi.
aZlevs moswavleebs damatebiT SekiTxvebs naTqvamis
dasazusteblad.
aZlevs moswavleebs dros SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gasacemad.
xSirad konfliqti, problemebi da gaRizianeba ukavSirdeba

imas, rom Cven ar SegviZlia viyoT aqtiuri msmenelebi. aqtiuri
mosmenis unar-Cvevas gamomuSaveba sWirdeba.
SeiZleba CamovTvaloT
ci pi:
aqtiuri mosmenis ramdenime prin-
waaxaliseT adamianebi saubris dros, raTa maT naTlad

gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi;
ganmarteT da daazusteT mosaubris naTqvami;
gamoyaviT ZiriTadi ideebi da mosazrebebi;
SeajameT miRebuli informacia.
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mosmenis dros aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswineba, rom yuradRebas gamovxatavT mzeriT, manerebiT, sxeulis moZraobiT, xmis
toniT, JestikulaciiT da a.S.
Catarebul gamokvlevaTa analizi gviCvenebs, rom maswavleblebi drois umetes nawils moswavleTaTvis SekiTxvebis dasmas
da maTi pasuxebis mosmenas uTmoben. kargi iqneba, Tu maswavleblebi gaiTvaliswineben, rom maTi mxridan aqtiuri mosmena
sasikeTo gavlenas axdens moswavlis ganwyobaze da komunikaciis kulturaze.
sxvisi mosmenis da gagebis unari aris moswavleTaTvis
aucilebeli unar-Cveva. pirvel rigSi, amis saukeTeso magaliTs Tavad maswavlebeli unda iZleodes. droTa ganmavlobaSi
moswavleebi swavloben mosmenas, rac exmareba maT akademiuri moswrebis gaumjobesebaSi da sxvebis mimarT pativiscemis
gamoxatvaSi.
axsna
maswavlebeli bevr dros uTmobs axsnas. axali Temis Semotanisas moswavleebi moelian, rom maswavleblis axsnils
kargad gaigeben da rodesac es ase ar xdeba, isini Riziandebian, an sakiTxisadmi gulgrili xdebian. kargad struqturirebuli axsnis procesSi maswavlebeli iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa
gamocdilebas, iyenebs sxvadasxva saganamanaTleblo resurss,
gegmavs iseT aqtivobebs, romlebSic moswavleebi arian CarTulni da Tavad ikvleven axal masalas.
134
mkvlevarebma gansazRvres
axsnisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xuTi ZiriTadi aspeqti
aspeqti M
gageba
struqturireba
mimdevroba
axsna
wardgena
maswavleblis qmedeba
ganixilavs axal informacias ukve nacnob
Temebze dafuZnebiT;
iyenebs moswavleTaTvis gasageb gamoTqmebs
da iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa gamocdilebas.
ayalibebs gakveTilis mizans;

winaswar gansazRvravs gakveTilis organizebis formas;
ajamebs moswavleTa ZiriTad mosazrebebs.
logikurad awyobs gakveTilis Sinaarss

moswavleTa saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
gansazRvravs ZiriTad sakiTxebs;

aZlevs magaliTebs am sakiTxebis ilustraciisaTvis;
iyenebs iseT magaliTebs, romelTagan zogi
konkretulia da zogic abstraqtuli.
kargad gamoTqvams sityvebs da laparakobs
sakmarisad xmamaRla;
prezentaciis yvela nawili gasagebia;
verbalur nawils axmars araverbalur komunikacias da iyenebs vizualur saSualebebs.
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kiTxvebis dasma
kiTxvebis dasma swavlebisa da swavlis erT-erTi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli xerxia. kiTxvis dasma warmoadgens interaqtiuli
swavlis nawils. imisaTvis, rom SegeZloT kiTxvebis efeqturad
dasma, unda gaiTvaliswinoT:
ra ti pis kiTxvis dasmas apirebT;
ratom svamT kiTxvas;
rodis apirebT kiTxvis dasmas;
ra formiT apirebT kiTxvis dasmas;
vis usvamT kiTxvas;
ra xerxs mimarTavT, Tu moswavle ver igebs SekiTxvas, an
Seusabamo pasuxs gaZlevT;
ra dros aZlevT moswavles dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis
gasacemad.
miuxedavad amisa, Tqven ar SegiZliaT, winaswar dagegmoT yvela SekiTxva. swavlebisas unda iyoT SemoqmedebiTebi, gakveTilis gegmis farglebSi. kiTxvis dasma ar aris martivi procesi.
kiTxva SeiZleba daisvas bevri mizezis gamo. magaliTad, moswavleebis yuradRebis misapyrobad; imis Sesamowmeblad, gismenen
Tu ara; gaiges Tu ara instruqcia an ganmarteba; problemebis
gadaWrisa da analizis stimulirebisaTvis; an, ubralod, diskusiis gamosawvevad.
Ria da daxuruli SekiTxvebi
yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia iseTi ti pis kiTxvebis dasma, romelzec arsebobs erTi swori pasuxi. amiT maswavlebeli
amowmebs moswavlis codnas rame konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb.
magaliTad,
daasaxeleT perus dedaqalaqi; ra aris rkinis
atomuri wona? ras veZaxiT ZiriTad arterias, romelic gulSi
Sedis? - aseT kiTxvebs hqviaT daxuruli SekiTxvebi, radgan maT
aqvT mxolod erTi swori pasuxi. moswavlem an icis swori pasuxi, an ara. is ar fiqrobs bevrs. daxuruli kiTxvebi SeiZleba
dausvaT mTel klass. aseTi kiTxvebi aZlierebs moswavleTa mexsierebas da axal masalasTan dasakavSirebladac gamoiyeneba.
rac Seexeba Ria SekiTxvebs, maT ara aqvT calsaxa pasuxi.
aseTi kiTxvebi xSirad gamoiyeneba aRqmis da gagebis ganviTarebisaTvis. magaliTad: rogor SegviZlia SevamciroT narkotikebis
moxmareba? ratom daeca romis imperia? ra sityvebs gamoiyenebdi
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Semodgomis tyis aRwerisas?

aseTi kiTxvebi ufro kompleqsuria, vidre daxuruli kiTxvebi. maTi mizania, gaafarToon moswavlis gageba. aseT kiTxvebze
pasuxis gacemisaTvis moswavles uwevs informaciis mani pulacia
codnis, logikis da warmosaxvis daxmarebiT. Ria kiTxvas ar
mosdevs swrafi pasuxi. moswavleebs sWirdebaT dro informaciis Sesagroveblad, ideebis garSemo kamaTisa da pasuxisaTvis.
Tu maswavlebeli srulyofilad flobs kiTxvebis dasmis
unar-Cvevas, igi ise warmarTavs mas, rom TviTon SeumCneveli
rCeba, xolo moswavleebs uCndebaT konkretuli sakiTxisa Tu
saswavlo masalis sruli amowurvisa da Rrmad gamokvlevis
survili.
gavrcelebuli Secdomebi kiTxvebis dasmis dros

maswavlebeli kiTxvebis dasmis dros SeiZleba uSvebdes
iseT Secdomebs, romlebic uaryofiTad moqmedebs moswavleTa
CarTulobaze da xels uSlis Sedegebis miRebas.
gavrcelebuli Secdomebi:
moswavles ar uyurebs;
kiTxvebs swrafad svams;
gulisyuriT ar usmens;
erTi kiTxvidan meoreze xteba;
bevr kiTxvas svams erTdroulad;
svams kiTxvebs da Tavad pasuxobs;
kiTxvebs mxolod warmatebul moswavleebs usvams;
rTul kiTxvebs logikisa da Tanmimdevrobis gareSe
svams;
Seusabamo kiTxvebs svams;
yovelTvis erTnairi ti pis kiTxvebs svams (mag. daxuruls);
moswavleebs fiqris saSualebas ar aZlevs;
moswavleTa pasuxebs ignorirebas ukeTebs;
moswavleTa pasuxebze daskvnebs ar akeTebs;
kiTxvebs moswavleTa pasuxebze ar agebs.
gavrcelebuli Secdomaa, rodesac maswavlebels winaswar aqvs moazrebuli, Tu ra pasuxs elis moswavlisgan Ria
SekiTxvis dros da aiZulebs moswavles, mivides mis mier gacnobierebul pasuxamde. Ria kiTxvebma unda mianiSnon pasuxebis
137
simravleze, romelic SeiZleba maswavleblisaTvis ar iyos mosalodneli pasuxis msgavsi, magram iyos kiTxvis Sesabamisi. Tu
maswavlebels winaswar aqvs gansazRvruli, ra unda upasuxon
moswavleebma, maSin aseTi kiTxva ar SeiZleba Ria kiTxvad
CaiTvalos. moswavleebi cdiloben, mixvdnen, rogori pasuxis
miReba surs maswavlebels da aseTi pasuxi ar warmoadgens
moswavlis naazrevs. maswavlebelma ar unda dausvas moswavleebs iseTi SekiTxvebi, romlebic Seusabamo iqneba maT codnasa
da gamocdilebasTan. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac maswavlebeli
moswavleTa mcire jgufs usvams kiTxvebs, xolo danarCenebs ki
ignorirebas ukeTebs. xandaxan, maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvebs,
romelic moswavleebisTvis gaugebaria, radgan maT sityvebis
mniSvneloba ar esmiT, an maTTvis kiTxva rTuli gasagebia.
dialogi
komunikaciis saukeTeso formas warmoadgens dialogi. maswavlebeli mudmivad unda cdilobdes, rom misi saubari ar iyos
monologi. mas unda SeeZlos dialogis warmarTva.
dialogis dros maswavleblisaTvis mniSvnelovania moswavleebTan erTad faqtebis analizi, situaciis obieqturi Seswavla,
da ara sakuTari poziciis dacva. moswavleebTan warmarTuli
dialogis dros maswavlebeli unda cdilobdes, maTTan erTad
SemoqmedebiTad miudges sakiTxs.Ddialogma unda migviyvanos
TanamSromlobamde.
maswavleblisTvis metad mniSvnelovania,
SeZlos moswavleebis TanagrZnobiT mosmena. es ki imas niSnavs,
rom masSi gaRizianebas ar unda iwvevdes moswavlis gansxvavebuli, Tundac mcdari mosazreba. mTavaria, maswavlebelma
daadginos, ra udevs safuZvlad moswavlis mxridan sakiTxis
amgvar gagebas.
dialogis warmarTvis, kiTxvebis dasmisa da mosmenis unarCvevebis daxvewa xangrZlivi procesia da mas maswavlebeli
mudmivad srulyofs. saerTo problemebze msjelobisas maswavleblebi erTmaneTs uziareben saskolo gamocdilebas, sTavazoben SeniSvnebsa da rCevebs, riTac did daxmarebas uweven erTmaneTs. aseTi ti pis TanamSromloba xels uwyobs swavlebaSi
axali midgomebis gamoyenebas. amiT ki umjobesdeba da ixveweba
saswavlo praqtika.
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Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi mocemul yvela SekiTxvaze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da
gaeciT pasuxebi.

mosmena warmoadgens erT-erT umniSvnelovanes unarCvevas swavlisa da swavlebis procesis warmatebiT warmarTvisaTvis;
dadebiTi ganwyobiT moismineT moswavleTa pasuxebi da isini monawileobas miiReben diskusiebSi,
gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs da aqtiurad CaerTvebian saswavlo procesSi;
dialogisa da diskusiis meTodiT momuSave maswavleblebi mudmivi Semoqmedebisa da ganviTarebis pirobebs
uqmnian moswavleebs da Tavadac mudmivi profesiuli ganviTarebis procesSi imyofebian;
maswavleblis komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi da misi
damokidebuleba did gavlenas axdens moswavleebis ganviTarebaze.
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saklaso diskusia

ratom aris mniSvnelovani saklaso diskusia;
rogor unda
diskusiisTvis;
movemzadoT da movamzadoT moswavleebi
rogor unda moviqceT, rom diskusiis procesSi moswavleTa maqsimalurma raodenobam miiRos monawileoba;
rogor unda gavaumjobesoT saswavlo procesi diskusiis
sxvadasxva xerxis gamoyenebiT.
1.riT gansxvavdeba kiTxva-pasuxi diskusiisagan?

2.rogor vmarToT diskusiis procesi?
3.rogori ti pis kiTxvebi unda davsvaT diskusiis dros?
4.rogor CavrToT moswavleebi diskusiis procesSi?
5.rogor CavataroT diskusia sxvadasxva xerxis gamoyenebiT?
140
situacia
kaTedris Sexvedraze maswavleblebi ganixilaven Catarebul gakveTilebs. kaTedris gamge dainteresebulia diskusiis
meTodis gamoyenebiT, miRebuli SedegebiT da, amasTan dakavSirebiT, svams SekiTxvas. Sexvedraze damswre maswavleblebis
umravlesoba darwmunebulia, rom am meTodiT TiTqmis yovel
gakveTilze muSaobs. amis dasadastureblad, erT-erTi maswavlebeli ixsenebs kiTxvebs, romelic moswavleebs dausva da mimoixilavs moswavleTa pasuxebs. meore maswavlebeli ambobs, rom
misi moswavleebi xSirad Tavad marTaven diskusias da usvamen
SekiTxvebs erTmaneTs. maswavlebeli aRniSnavs, rom moswavleebi
Zalian kargad arTmeven Tavs am process da misi Careva mxolod
im SemTxvevaSia saWiro, Tu moswavleebis pasuxebi swori ar
aris. maswavlebeli kmayofilia imiT, rom moswavleebi zustad
ise pasuxoben, rogorc Tavad upasuxebda.
GgTxovT, ganixiloT mocemuli situacia da gansazRvroT, Tu
ra daskvnebs gaakeTebda kaTedris gamge miRebuli informaciis
safuZvelze. daskvnebi CaiwereT da Teoriuli nawilis gacnobis
Semdeg gaaumjobeseT isini.
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*****
Ddiskusia komunikaciis erT-erTi saSualebaaa da Tavisi arsiT dialogs emyareba, rogorc swavlebis organizaciis formiT,
ise saswavlo masalis Sinaarsze muSaobis xerxebiT. diskusia
warmoadgens iseT meTods, romelic organizebas ukeTebs Ria
kiTxvebis dasmisa da pasuxebis gacemis process da saSualebas
aZlevs moswavles, ufro Rrmad ganixilos Sesaswavli sakiTxi.
maswavlebeli yovelTvis winaswar emzadeba diskusiisaTvis.
gansazRvavs sadiskusio problemas, kiTxvebs da procedurebs.
saklaso diskusia SeiZleba mimdinareobdes moswavleTa mcire
jgufebSi, an mTel klasSi, aseve _ maswavlebelsa da moswavleebs,
an moswavleebs Soris. diskusiis dros maswavlebeli gezis mimcemis rols asrulebs da akontrolebs process, raTa moswavleebma ar gadauxvion sadiskusio sakiTxs da ar daarRvion diskusiis wesebi. mTel klasTan diskusis Catarebis organizebis
saukeTeso formas wreSi moswavleebis ganlageba warmoadgens.
diskusiis meTodiT muSaobis dros aucielebelia klasSi
iyos ndobisa da urTierTpativiscemis atmosfero. maswavlebeli
Tavad unda warmoadgendes sxvisi azris pativiscemis models,
radgan maswavleblis moswavleebisadmi damokidebuleba moswavleTa urTierTdamokidebulebis ganmsazRvrelia.
diskusiis efeqtianad warsamarTad maswavlebelma unda
gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi faqtorebi:
1.
2.
3.
4.
moswavleebis momzadeba;
wesebi da procedurebi;
diskusiis marTva;
mosalodneli Sedegebi.
1. moswavleebis momzadeba
moswavleebis unar-Cvevebis da codnis dadgena;
saWiro informaciis gansazRvra;
moswavleebisaTvis informaciis wyaroebis miTiTeba.
2. wesebi da procedurebi
sakiTxis SerCeva da diskusiis drois gansazRvra;
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sivrcis organizeba ise, rom yvela moswavles SeeZlos

erTmaneTTan TvaliT kontaqti;
dikusiis wesebis gansazRvra.
3. maswavleblis roli
naTlad gansazRvravs sadiskusio sakiTxs;
ar ereva diskusiis Sinaarsobriv mxareSi;
xels uwyobs moswavleebis diskusiaSi CarTvas;
aZlevs moswavleebs sakuTari azris gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas;
akontrolebs imas, rom moswavleebma erTmaneTs daacadon
saubari da azris srulfasovani gamoxatva;
akontrolebs imas, rom diskusiis dros moswavleebma
konkretuli sakiTxidan ar gadauxvion da msjeloba usagno
saubarSi ar gadaizardos.
4. mosalodneli Sedegebi
sagakveTilo masalis ukeT gageba, gamoyeneba, analizi da
Sefaseba;
swavla sxvebis mosazrebebis da Sexedulebebis safuZvelze;
sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis SeZena;
sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis ganmtkiceba.
yvela moswavlis diskusiaSi Casabmelad saWiroa maswavlebelma iseTi SekiTxvebi dasvas, romlebic Seesabameba rogorc
TiToeuli moswavlis, aseve mTeli klasis interesebs.
kiTxvebi moswavleebs SemoqmedebiTi Tu komunikaciuri unar_
Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi exmareba, rac SemdgomSi uTuod xels
Seuwyobs jansaRi konkurenciisa da urTierTTanamSromlobis
Camoyalibebas.
SekiTxvis formam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos pasuxis stilze,
Sinaarssa da emociur xasiaTze. magaliTad, Tu davsvamT SekiTxvas: ra saxis problemebi warmoiSva mas Semdeg, rac teritoriebi
davkargeT? pasuxi emociuri iqneba.
maswavlebelma SekiTxvebis dasmis dros sifrTxile unda
gamoiCinos. aq didi mniSvneloba aqvs saubris tons, xmis tembrs,
warmoTqmis siswrafes, saxis mimikas, sxeulis moZraobas, TvaliT
kontaqts da, raRa Tqma unda, kiTxvis Sinaarss. SekiTxvis dasma SesaZlebelia daiwyoT sakmaod mkacri, civi, an oficialuri
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toniT, romelic boloSi odnav unda SearbiloT. magaliTad,

ras fiqrobT Tqven? es martivi kiTxviTi winadadeba SeiZleba
mravalnairad warmovTqvaT. kargi iqneba, Tu SekiTxvis dasmis
dros gaviRimebT kidec.
diskusiisaTvis Rrma da Sinaarsiani formis micemisaTvis
SeiZleba SekiTxva ise warmovTqvaT, rom moswavlem masSi Txovna
Seicnos. toni da xmis tembri xSirad TiTqos cvlis sityvebis
Sinaarssac ki. metad mniSvnelovania kiTxvebiT xasiaTis dadgena da sxvadasxva ti pebad dayofa. kiTxvebi mravalmxrivobiT
unda gamoirCeodnen da gaaCndeT gansxvavebuli Sinaarsobrivi
datvirTva. maswavlebelTa umravlesoba adgens kiTxvaTa nusxas,
romelic, daaxloebiT, 8 an 10 bazisuri kiTxvisagan Sedgeba. aqedan SeiZleba warmoiSvas uamravi sxvadasxva SekiTxva. kiTxvaTa
cvlileba damokidebulia saswavlo procesis miznis cvalebadobaze.
Dmaswavlebeli moswavleebs diskusiisaTvis winaswar amzadebs.

acnobs diskusiis sakiTxebs da miznebs. maswavlebeli diskusias
iwyebs iseTi kiTxvebiT an problemiT, romelic aRZravs motivacias moswavleebSi da rTavs maT diskusiaSi. diskusias SeiZleba axldes mokle prezentaciebi maswavleblis an moswavleebis
mxridan. Dmaswavlebeli cdilobs, diskusiaSi mxolod moswavleebi iyvnen CarTulni da analizisa da kvlevis safuZvelze
amowuron sadiskusio sakiTxi. droTa ganmavlobaSi moswavleebi
eCvevian diskusiis dros reglamentis dacvas, swrafi da adekvaturi pasuxebis gacemas da argumentebis moyvanas.
mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebs diskusiisTvis aucilebeli unarCvevebi gamoumuSavdebaT, maswavlebels SeuZlia diskusiis iseTi
formebi gamoiyenos, romelsac mTlianad moswavle warmarTavs.
sasurvelia,
maswavlebelma
dafaze daweros diskusiis
sakiTxebi da periodulad Seaxsenos moswavleebs.
diskusias maswavlebeli Ria SekiTxvebiT warmarTavs. magaliTad:
rogoria Tqveni reaqcia ama da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT?

romelma problemam dagainteresaT?
ra daskvnebs gamoitanT am monacemebidan?
ra gaZlevT aseTi daskvnis gamotanis safuZvels?
ra argumentebis safuZvelze gamoitaneT aseTi daskvna?
144
ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom . . . . . . . ?

ra moxdeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu . . . . . . .. . . .?
rogor gavlenas iqoniebs . . . . . . . da ratom?
ras unda velodeT . . . . .. .. .. . .?
diskusiis procesSi maswavlebeli ar akritikebs moswavleTa mosazrebebs, Sexedulebebsa da ideebs. Mmaswavlebeli, amave
dros, cdilobs, daexmaros maT sakiTxis ukeT gaSuqebasa da
sakuTari Tavis mimarT rwmenis ganmtkicebaSi. mag: maswavlebli mimarTavs moswavleebs: ìqneb ufro Rrmad gaaSuqoT es
sakiTxi~? an Tu maswavlebels surs, ufro daxvewos moswavlis
naazrevi, ambobs: ès namdvilad axali ideaa, rogorc mivxvdi.
. . .
`xom ar SegiZliaT, moiyvanoT argumenti . . . .~ `ratom
fiqrobT ase . . . SegiZlia axsna, ras gulisxmob amaSi . . . .~
aseTi midgoma moswavleebs ubiZgebs axali ideebis gamoTqmisaken. maswavlebeli sTxovs, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi
iseTma moswavleebma, romlebic Cumad sxedan.
diskusiis meTods maswavlebeli iyenebs gakveTilis miznis
Sesabamisad. amasTan, iTvaliswinebs moswavleebis sakomunikacio
unar-Cvevebs da imasac, Tu ramdenad arian momzadebulni diskusiisTvis.
diskusiis dasasruls, maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ajamebs diskusias da ganixilavs diskusiis dadebiT da
uaryofiT mxareebs.
diskusiis wesebi:
1. maswavlebeli diskusiis dawyebamde urigebs moswavleebs
sxvadasxva feris sam patara alams;
2. moswavleebi ferad almebs patara Rrublis naWerSi arWoben da TavianT merxze aTavseben;
3. almebi kargad unda Candes;
4. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs TamaSis wesebs. TiToeul moswavles ufleba aqvs, diskusiis msvlelobis dros
mxolod samjer gamoTqvas azri.
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yoveli pasuxis Semdeg moswavlem unda amoiRos alami da gadados gverdze. rodesac mas arc erTi alami aRar darCeba, igi
mxolod msmenelis rols Seasrulebs.
am xerxiT Catarebuli diskusiebi daexmareba maswavlebels
diskusiis sworad warmarTvaSi da Tu mas sistematurad gamoiyenebT, naxavT, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi moswavleTa pasuxebi
logikuri da diskusiis Temis Sesabamisi iqneba. aseve, es xerxi
SesaZleblobas mogcemT, klasSi diskusia mxolod warmatebuli
moswavleebis CarTviT ar amoiwuros da moswavleTa maqsimaluri raodenoba gaaqtiuroT. maswavlebelma, saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba an gaarTulos, an gadaakeTos es procedura.
diskusiis Catrebis sxavdasxva xerxi
xerxi _ 1. problemis an SekiTxvis dasmis Semdeg sTxoveT

moswavleebs, Sebrundnen gverdze mjdomi moswavlisken da
gamarTon diskusia pasuxis mosaZebnad. mieciT moswavleebs
amisaTvis mcire dro (30 wami).
gamoiyeneT es meTodi maSin, rodesac kiTxvas an problemas aqvs martivi pasuxi da Tqven gsurT, miiRoT Tqveni
moswavleebisagan swrafi pasuxi. am xerxis gamoyenebis mizania,
gaxadoT yvela moswavle diskusiis monawile.
gaiTvaliswineT, rom wyvilebSi erTi moswavle dominanturia
meoreze da Tqven xeli unda SeuwyoT yvela moswavlis CarTvas
procesSi. SesaZloa moswavleebisaTvis Tavdapirvelad aseTi
davalebis micemam klaSi xmauri gamoiwvios, magram droTa ganmavlobaSi Tqven moaxerxebT procesis marTvas.
xerxi - 2. es xerxi aris pirveli xerxis msgavsi, magram gansxvavdeba imiT, rom maswavlebeli sTxovs, 30 wamis ganmavlobaSi
damoukideblad
ifiqron SekiTxvaze an problemaze da amis
Semdeg daiwyon diskusia erTmaneTSi. Mmaswavlebeli, diskusiis mimdinareobidan gamomdinare, aregulirebs dros. wyvilebSi
diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg isini mTel klass uziareben
mosazrebebs.
sasurvelia, mosazrebebis gaziarebaze gadaxvideT mas Semdeg,
rac wyvilebSi ramdenjerme gaimarTeba diskusia da moswavlee-
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bi mieCvevian am xerxiT muSaobas.

xerxi 3. es xerxi wina ori xerxis msgavsia, magram mosazrebebis gaziarebis teqnikamde kidev erTi safexuri emateba.
wyvilebi icvlebian, axali wyvilebi erTmaneTs uziareben
sxva wyvilebSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs da mxolod amis
Semdeg xdeba mTel klasTan mosazrebebis gaziareba. mniSvnelovania is, rom maswavlebelma YTvalyuri adevnos axal
wyvilebSi dikusias da gansazRvros, aris Tu ara igi konstruqciuli.
dauweseT drois limiti wyvilebs azris gamosaTqmelad.
sTxoveT moswavleebs, mousminon erTmaneTs da pativi scen erTmaneTis naazrevs.
xerxi - 4. diskusia mimdinareobs 3-5 wevrian jgufebSi. dasviT SekiTxva, an wamoWeriT problema da uTxariT moswavleebs, swrafad ganixilon igi jgufSi. es xerxi kargia
moswavleebisgan swrafi pasuxebis misaRebad. mieciT TiToeul moswavles jgufSi erTi pasuxis gacemis ufleba.
kiTxvebis dasmis Semdeg maswavlebeli akvirdeba, monawileobs
Tu ara yvela moswavle jgufur diskusiaSi. igi Tavdapirvelad
akontrolebs imas, rom moswavleebma ar gaakritikon erTmaneTis
ideebi. mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli darwmundeba, rom moswavleebi arian momzadebulebi da aqvT Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebi,
aZlevs erTmaneTis mosazrebebis da ideebis kritikis saSualebas.
jgufuri diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg jgufebi uziareben
TavianT ideebs an pasuxebs mTel klass. maswavlebeli jgufidan
SemTxveviTi SerCevis safuZvelze sTxovs erT-erT moswavles,
gadmosces jgufis mosazreba. imave jgufis sxva moswavleebs
SeuZliaT rame daamaton.
xerxi 5. maswavlebeli klass acnobs garkveul mosazrebas.
Mmoswavleebi, romlebic eTanxmebian mosazrebas, jgufdebian
klasis erT kuTxeSi, xolo moswavleebi, romlebic ar eTanxmebian - klasis meore kuTxeSi. maswavlebeli momxreebs da
mowinaaRmdegeebs ajgufebs wyvilebad, an mcire jgufebad
da imarTeba diskusia. moswavleebma unda daasabuTon TavianTi poziciebi.
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xerxi - 6 (jiqso) maswavlebeli yofs davalebas nawilebad. klass yofs 3-5 wevrian jgufebad da TiToeul
wevrs mxolod davalebis erT nawils aZlevs. Semdeg iqmneba axali jgufebi im wevrebisgan, romlebsac erTi da
imave davalebis nawili aqvT micemuli da jgufSi imarTeba
diskusia. sakiTxis ganxilvis Semdeg TiToeuli moswavle
ubrundeba Tavis Zvel jgufs. am SemTxvevaSi yvela moswavlis mier motanili ideebi da informacia Tanabrad mniSvnelovania davalebis Sesasruleblad, rac jgufis wevrebs
erTmaneTze damokidebuls xdis.
xerxi - 7 moswavleebi winaswar amzadeben saSinao davalebas. weren mokle analizs da daskvnas, micemul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. klasSi dabrunebulebi jgufSi an wyvilSi
ganixilaven TiToeuls da dikusiis safuZvelze afaseben
namuSevars. Sefasebis kriteriumebi winaswar mzaddeba maswavleblis da moswavleebis mier. TiToeulma jgufma unda
aarCios erTi daskvna, romelic mTel klasSi diskusiis sagani gaxdeba.
xerxi - 8 dikusiaSi monawileobs mTeli klasi. diskusiis sakiTxs maswavlebeli winaswar aZlevs/acnobs moswavleebs, informaciis mosaZieblad asaxelebs wyaroebs. moswavleebTan erTad adgens diskusiis wesebs. diskusiisTvis
momzadebis dros maswavlebeli ar gansazRvravs pasuxebs
da diskusiis dros ar cdilobs, moswavleebi waiyvanos winaswar gansazRvruli pasuxebisken. maswavlebeli diskusias
iwyebs motivaciis gamomwvevi kiTxviT, problemiT an mokle
prezentaciiT. maswavlebeli mxolod marTavs process da
svams SekiTxvebs diskusiis efeqtianobisTvis.
Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi mocemul yvela SekiTxvaze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da gaeciT pasuxebi.
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maswavlebeli gegmavs gakveTils, gansazRvravs diskusiis

miznebs da procedurebs;
maswavleblebi da moswavleebi winaswar gansazRvraven
diskusiis wesebs da wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi ganixilaven
mizezebs;
diskusia efeqtiania, rodesac diskusiis skiTxi moswavleebisaTvis naTeli da gasagebia, amaRlebs maT motivacias da
uCens diskusiaSi monawileobis survils;
maswavlebeli ar aZalebs moswavleebs dikusiaSi monawilobis miRebas, aramed qmnis klasSi iseT atmosferos, romelic
ganapirobebs moswavleebis diskusiaSi CarTulobas;
sworad warmarTuli dikusiis dros moswavleebi Tavisuflad gamoxataven TavianT mosazrebebs, usmenen da gamoxataven
pativiscemas erTmaneTis mimarT da swavloben erTmaneTisgan;
dikusiis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebli moswavleebTan
erTad ganixilavs dikusiis Sedegebs: ras gaarTves kargad Tavi,
ra iyo diskusiis susti mxare da ras gaakeTeben SemdgomSi ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRebad.
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inkluziuri ganaTleba

ras niSnavs inkluziuri ganaTleba;
ra aris inkluziuri ganaTlebis miznebi da ZiriTadi
princi pebi;
rogor unda davnergoT
inkluziuri swavleba skoleb-
Si;
sazogadoebis rogori damokidebuleba axdens uaryofiT
gavlenas gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebze.
1. vin CaiTvleba specialuri saganmanaTlebo saWiroebis mqone moswavled?

2. rogor unda moviqceT, roca skolaSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavle swavlobs?
3. ras niSnavs individualuri saswavlo gegma

manaTleblo saWiroebis moswavlisaTvis?
specialuri sagan-
4. rogor unda SevafasoT specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis akademiuri MmiRwevebi?
5. ra roli ekisreba maswavlebels inkluziur ganaTlebaSi
150
*****
inkluziuri ganaTleba niSnavs specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis TanatolebTan erTad
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi swavlas.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavled
iTvleba:
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebisa da Seferxebuli ganviTarebis mqone moswavleebi;
socialur-emociuri problemebis mqone moswavleebi;
niWieri bavSvebi.
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvs aReniSneba ganviTarebis erTi an ramdenime Seferxeba (maTTan dakavSirebiT, sityva ìnvalidi~ 1995 wlidan, saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenilebiT, amoRebulia xmarebidan da Canacvlebulia terminiT
`SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piri~). ganviTarebis Seferxeba sxvadasxva kategoriis mixedviT ganisazRvreba:
fizikuri darRvevebi ( moZraobis SezRudva, kidurebis,
mxedvelobis da smenis defeqtebi, metyvelebis problemebi);
gonebrivi darRvevebi (centraluri nervuli sistemis
dazianebiT gamowveuli darRvevebi, tvinis travma, cerebruli dambla, epilefsia, swavlis unaris daqveiTeba da sxva);
socialur-emociuri darRvevebi (qcevis darRvevebi, emociuri darRvevebi, yuradRebis deficiti, gadametebuli aqtiuroba (hi peraqtivoba), socialuri darRvevebi, komunikaciis
problemebi).
inkluziuri ganaTlebis ZiriTadi princi pia, rom yvela moswavle, miuxedavad maT Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebisa da Taviseburebebisa, skolaSi erTad unda swavlobdes. swored amitom, inkluziuri ganaTleba gulisxmobs, rogorc SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone, aseve niWieri, eTnikuri umciresobebis
warmomadgenlebis, usaxlkaro da socialuri problemebis mqone
bavSvebis CarTvas saskolo cxovrebaSi. yvela es moswavle spe-
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cialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavled iTvleba.

bavSvTa konvenciis Tanaxmad, `SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone bavSvi~ (igulisxmeba rogorc gonebrivi, aseve fizikuri
SesaZleblobebis SezRudva) srulfasovnad da Rirseulad unda
cxovrobdes imgvar pirobebSi, romlebic uZlierebs mas Rirsebis grZnobas, exmareba misi TviTrwmenis Camoyalibebas da amsubuqebs mis aqtiur monawileobas sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi.
inkluzia niSnavs CarTulobas - anu amgvari ganaTlebis ZiriTadi azria, rom yvela bavSvi maqsimalurad iyos
CarTuli saganmanaTleblo procesSi da sxvebTan urTierTobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, inkluziuri ganaTlebis mizania specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis ganaTlebis xelSewyoba; maTi socialuri integracia; maTi
interesebisa da SesaZleblobebis gamovlena da ganviTareba;
daxmareba, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebma ganaviTaron TavianTi sulieri samyaro, daicvan sakuTari azri,
uflebebi da pirovnuli Rirseba.
inkluziuri ganaTlebis dagegmva dakavSirebulia garkveul
aucilebel pirobebTan, romelTa Soris unda aRiniSnos:
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebis mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebulebis Secvla;
maswavleblis rolis gansazRvra inkluziur ganaTlebaSi; saswavlo garemos adaptacia;
moswavlis Sefasebis, swavlebis meTodologiisa da
klasis marTvis princi pebis inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesabamisad gaTvaliswineba.
erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani barieri, romlis gadalaxvac
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs uwevT, swored
sazogadoebis damokidebulebaa. maT mimarT yvelaze gavrcelebuli negatiuri midgomebia: SiSi, TanagrZnoba, Tavis arideba,
arakeTilganwyoba, gadametebuli mzrunveloba, zerele tolerantoba. AaRniSnuli midgomebis gacnoba dagvexmareba Cveni damokidebulebis amocnobasa da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SecvlaSi.
152
SiSi zogierTi adamiani Tvlis, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi gadamdebia da maT zians miayenebs, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTan urTierToba depresiis gamomwvevia, radganac
isini sazogadoebisgan gacalkevebulebi da depresiulebi arian.
am SemTxvevaSi advilia imis danaxva, Tu ratom aris SiSi negatiuri modgoma.
TanagrZnoba gacilebiT rTulia imis danaxva, Tu ratom aris

TanagrZnoba negatiuri damokidebuleba. xSirad gvesmis: òh, sawyali~, `rogor mecodeba~. aseTi TanagrZnoba mxolod amcirebs
bavSvis Rirsebas.
Tavis arideba - aris SemTxvevebi, roca adamiani SezRuduli

SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvTan urTierTobisas diskomforts
ganicdis da cdilobs, Tavi aaridos aseT situacias.
gadametebuli mzrunveloba gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebze saubrisas. TanagrZnobis msgavsad, gadametebuli mzrunveloba, erTi SexedviT,
SeiZleba pozitiur damokidebulebad CaiTvalos. gadametebuli mzrunvelobis qveS moqceuli bavSvebi xdebian daucveli,
damokidebuli mozardebi da ver axdenen sakuTari SesaZleblobebis realizacias.
zerele tolerantoba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebis mimarT yvelze gavrcelebuli negatiuri damokidebulebis
formaa. isini, visac aseTi damokidebuleba axasiaTebT, mxolod
sityvieri an finansuri daxmarebiT Semoifarglebian da Tavs
arideben maTTan Ria kontaqts. es yvelaze naklebad gulwrfeli
damokidebulebaa. am gziT kidev ufro Rrmavdeba is zRvari, rac
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebsa da danarCen sazogadoebas Soris arsebobs.
SezRuduli SasaZleblobis mqone bavSvebis umravlesoba gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli mgrZnobiarobiT da intuiciiT, isini
advilad ganasxvaveben siyalbes da namdvil megobrobas. maTTan damokidebulebaSi, mniSvnelovania, aqcenti gakeTdes pirad
153
Tvisebebze da SesaZleblobebze, da ara problemebze.

skolaSi ver naxavT Tundac erT klass, sadac minimum erTi
bavSvi mainc ar swavlobs Agonebagafantulobis (yuradRebis
deficitis) da gadametebuli aqtiurobis
(hi peraqtiurobis)
sindromiT. aseTi bavSvi mousvenaria, bevrs moZraobs, uWirs koncentrireba da yuradRebis mobilizeba, gakveTilis msvlelobisas xSirad dgeba da dadis, amiT xels uSlis pedagogsac da
Tanaklaselebsac.
autisturi bavSvebi. autizmi gamoixateba adamianebTan urTierTobis danaklissa da kontaqtisTvis Tavis aridebaSi. autisturi bavSvebi ver itanen cvlilebebs, gaurbian komunikacias,
Semoxedvas. zogierT SemTxvevaSi metyvelebisas SesaZloa
mxolod sxvis sityvebs imeorebdnen da sakuTar Tavs mesame
pirSi mimarTavdnen. gaucxoebuli arian sazogadoebasTan da
sakuTar TavTanac ki. zogjer SeiZleba yru an brma mogeCvenoT.
Tumca, autisturi bavSvebi Zalian kargad floben sakuTar
sxeuls. Aaseve, SesaZloa, kargad pasuxobdnen kiTxvebs, romlebic
scildeba maT qronologiur asaks, magram ver pasuxobden maTi
asakisTvis metad martiv kiTxvebs. autisturi bavSvebisTvis izolaciidan gamosayvanad gansakuTrebuli Zala aqvs Tojinebis
Teatrs. mSoblebma da maswavleblebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom
maSin, roca sxva saxis ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvebisaTvis dadebiTi efeqti SeiZleba hqondes, roca maT gulTbilad,
magram ZaldatanebiT vaiZulebT wamovidnen kontaqtze, autisturi bavSvis mimarT aseT mopyrobas uaryofiTi Sedegebi moaqvs.
maTTan saubari unda iyos rbili, Zaldautanebeli, Tu gvinda
rom mogviaxlovdes, TvalebSi ar unda SevxedoT, aramed im adgilisken gavixedoT, sadac unda movides.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebis
mniSvnelovan nawils swavlis unaris daqveiTebis mqone moswavleebi Seadgenen. sxvadasxva kvlevis mixedviT, swavlis unaris
daqveiTeba A skolis moswavleebis daaxloebiT 5%-s aReniSneba.
maswavleblebi xSirad uCivian moswavleebis sizarmaces, mousvenrobas. am dros saqme SeiZleba swavlis unaris daqveiTebis
mqone moswavleebTan gvqondes. rogorc qcevis, aseve swavlis unaris daqveiTebis mqone moswavleebs xSirad axasiaTebT seriozuli emociuri darRvevebi da msubuqi kognituri problemebi. aseT
moswavleebs sirTuleebi aqvT rogorc akademiur moswrebaSi, aseve
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TanatolebTan urTierTobaSi. axasiaTebT uyuradReboba, impulsuroba, gadametebuli aqtiuroba, ganwyobis swrafi cvla, xanmokle mexsiereba. swavlis uunarobis mizezi mravalia (Tavis tvinis
msubuqi dazianeba, nevrologiuri darRvevebi, sxvadasxva daavadeba,
infeqcia, arasaTanado kveba da sxva garemo faqtorebi).
inkluziuri ganaTlebis umniSvnelovanesi principia, moswavlis
realuri SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebis safuZvelze moxdes
saswavlo masalisa da garemos adaptacia. individualuri midgoma
inkluziuri ganaTlebis strategiis qvakuTxeds warmoadgens.
individualuri saswavlo gegma da moswavlis Sefaseba
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavlis
swavlas da akademiur winsvlas skolis mxridan individualuri
saswavlo strategiis SemuSaveba ganapirobebs. am mizniT skola
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavlisaTvis individualur saswavlo gegmas adgens. inkluziuri ganaTlebis procesSi
CarTuli moswavleebi individualuri saswavlo gegmis mixedviT swavloben.
individualuri saswavlo gegma aRwers, Tu rogor unda CaerTos SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone konkretuli moswavle
saerTo saswavlo procesSi da gansazRvravs im saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebsa da moTxovnebs, romelic moswavlis SesaZleblobebis farglebSi moiazreba.
individualuri saswavlo gegma dasaxavs wliur saswavlo
mizansac. am SemTxvevaSi skola gansazRvravs moswavlis mosalodnel akademiur winsvlas. es mizani SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba martivi
an Zalian martivic ki iyos. Tu SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone moswavlem individualuri saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli saswavlo mizani daZlia, es niSnavs, rom maRali akademiuri
Sefaseba daimsaxura. aseT SemTxvevaSi amosavalia moswavlis
SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswineba da am SesaZleblobis Sefaseba.
rig SemTxvevaSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavlem
SeiZleba saswavlo standartis mxolod ramdenime moTxovna
daakmayofilos, magram is mainc maRal Sefasebas imsaxurebdes,
radganac Tavisi SesaZleblobebis maqsimums miaRwia. am SemTxvevaSi moswavle klasidan klasSi maRali niSnebiT gadadis.
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situacia 1.
lika mesame klasis moswavlea, likas mkveTrad gamoxatuli

gonebrivi (mentaluri) SesaZleblobebis SezRudva aReniSneba.
miuxedavad yoveldRiuri damatebiTi mecadineobisa, Sedegi ar
aris. rogor unda moiqces maswavlebeli?
am magaliTidan Cans, rom lika specialuri saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebis mqone moswavlea. is skolaSi konkretulad misTvis
Seqmnili saswavlo gegmis mixedviT swavlobs. individualur saswavlo gegmaSi likas SesaZleblobebia gaTvaliswinebuli da dasaxulia saswavlo miznebi. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone moswavles,
umravlesobisagan gansxvavebiT, SeiZleba bevrad martivi wliuri saswavlo mizani hqondes. maswavlebeli pasuxismgebelia, rom moswavles is saswavlo mizani dausaxos, risi miRwevac mas SeuZlia.
situacia 2.
lika klasidan klasSi gadadis, radgan skolaSi marTebulad aris gaanalizebuli misi SesaZleblobebi, SemuSavebulia
misi SesaZleblobebis Sesabamisi saswavlo gegma da saswavlo
miznebi.
L
likas, sxva moswavleebisagan gansxvavebiT, bevrad martivi
wliuri da Sualeduri saswavlo mizanebi aqvs. is warmatebiT
arTmevs Tavs am miznis miRwevas, da xSirad maRal qulasac ki
imsaxurebs. likas ar SeuZlia waikiTxos mcire zomis moTxroba,
am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli mas am moTxrobis mxolod erTi
patara monakveTis wakiTxvas sTxovs. swored es aris likasTvis
saswavlo mizani. lika mxolod patara monakveTs waikiTxavs da
karg Sefasebas imsaxurebs. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelma marTebulad Seafasa likas SesaZleblobebi da Sesabamisi saswavlo
mizani dausaxa mas.
situacia 3.
daTo gakveTilis msvlelobisas xmamaRla laparakobs, agresiulad iqceva, maswavlebels eurCeba da cdilobs, TanaklaselTan
Cxubi gamarTos.
daTos hi peraqtiurobis sindromi aqvs, rac yuradRebis
gafantulobasa
da qcevis agresiaSi vlindeba. daTos so-
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cialuri qcevis gansakuTrebuli instruqciebi sWirdeba, amitom

misma pedagogma unda SeimuSaos gegma, rogor aswavlos socialuri adaptaciisTvis aucilebeli qcevebi.
socialur unar-CvevaTa swavleba niSnavs moswavlisaTvis
adekvaturi sakomunikacio Cvevis gamomuSavebas, sakuTari
qcevebis regulirebisa da problemebis gadawyvetis unaris
Camoyalibebas. zogierT moswavles ar SeuZlia didi dro dauTmos erTi saqmis keTebas, ar aqvs sxvebis mosmenis unari da
gakveTilze gamudmebiT saubrobs.
emociuri da qcevis problemebis mqone moswavleebs mkacri
garemo ar unda SevuqmnaT. maTTan urTierTobis dros unda
gaviTvaliswinoT :
Tu moswavle uars ambobs maswavleblis miTiTebebis Sesrulebaze da agresiulad iqceva, ar SeiZleba is klasidan
gavagdoT. pedagogi unda Seecados, SeinarCunos mis mimarT
keTilganwyoba; gamoavlinos moswavlis interesebi da am
interesebis mixedviT SeurCios mas davaleba;
Tu moswavle TanatolebTan xSirad Cxubobs da agresiulia, pedagogma, sasurvelia, ar akrZalos sxva moswavleebis
aseT bavSvTan urTierToba, aramed misces mas damSvidebis
dro da Seecados, aswavlos mas TanatolebTan urTierTobebis damyarebis wesebi. sasurvelia, mTeli klasi CavrToT
am procesSi;
roca swavlis unaris daqveiTebis mqone moswavlesTan
gvaqvs saqme, pedagogi, sasurvelia, mudmivad cud niSans ar
uwerdes mas, an misgan davalebis aucileblad Sesrulebas
ar ixovdes. maswavlebelma aseTi moswavlis akademiuri
miRwevebis Sefasebis individualuri meTodi unda SeimuSaos
da davalebebsac moswavlis interesebze dayrdnobiT unda
adgendes.
situacia 4.
irma xSirad depresiulia gakveTilze, Sesvenebaze TanatolebTan urTierTobas ar amyarebs, uWirs saubris dawyeba,
swavla da Tavs gariyulad grZnobs.
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aseT SemTxvevaSi pedagogma mas xSiri SeniSvnebi ar unda

misces, aramed Seecados, TanatolebTan daamegobros da am problemis mogvarebaSi aqtiurad CarTos klasi.
situacia 5.
Nnato cota xania, rac axal skolaSi gadmovida. is sustadmxedvelia da, imavdroulad, swavlis unaris daqveiTeba aReniSneba. yovelive amas isic emateba, rom axal garemoSi Tavs ucxod
grZnobs.
aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelma misi problema unda
gaiTvaliswinos da Seecados, rom dafaze didi da mkveTri
asoebiT weros; agreTve, masa da Tanaklaselebs Soris urTierTobebis gasaumjobeseblad nato jgufur aqtivobaSi CarTos.
situacia 6.
marikas SezRuduli aqvs metyvelebis unari, ara aqvs Tavisi

asakisaTvis Sesaferisi sityvaTa maragi, uWirs sityvebisa da
bgerebis swori gamoTqma, Tanatolebisa da maswavleblis saubris gageba. es nakli masSi gulCaTxrobilobasa da arasrulfasovnebis kompleqss iwvevs.
aseT SemTxvevebSi maswavlebeli didi yuradRebiT unda
moepyros moswavles, agrZnobinos, rom ainteresebs misi saubari,
daukvirdes mis Jestikulacias da Seamowmos sakuTari Tavi, rom
sworad gaigo bavSvis naTqvami; aqtiurad unda CarTos saklaso
diskusiebSi, yuradRebiT unda mousminos da waaxalisos; sasurvelia, iseTi kiTxvebi dausvas, rom kiTxvas grZeli pasuxi ar
mohyves.
situacia 7.
salome moZraobis SezRudvis mqonea da invalidis etliT

gadaadgildeba. is gansakuTrebuli mgrZnobiarobiTa da intuiciiT gamoirCeva, Zalian kargad swavlobs, nakiTxi da interesiani bavSvia.
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sasurvelia, Tu maswavlebeli mas Upirdapir mimarTavs. Tu

saubari grZeldeba, maSin maswavlebeli ise unda dajdes, rom
moswavlesTan erT doneze aRmoCndes; aseve,sasurvelia, gansakuTrebulad ar moeqces mas, xSirad zedmeti yuradReba problemaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebad aRiqmeba, es ki bavSvisTvis, ra
Tqma unda, mtkivneulia; aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
maswavlebelma yovelTvis ise dagegmos saswavlo RonisZiebebi
da saswavlo procesi, rom ganurCevlad yvelam, maT Soris gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis mqone moswavleebmac miiRon monawileoba.
rogorc vnaxeT, inkluziuri ganaTlebis sferoSi maswavlebels gansakuTrebuli roli ekisreba. am kuTxiT muSaoba maswavleblisgan moiTxovs:
moswavlis saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis saTanadod

Sefasebis unars;
unars, rom moswavlis gansakuTrebuli da gansxvavebuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi yovelTvis gaiTvaliswinos
da daakmayofilos;
unars, rom moswavles, misi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis miuxedavad, saganmanaTleblo Sedegis, maRali akademiuri moswrebisa Tu sxva konkretuli warmatebis molodini
Seuqmnas;
unars, rom izrunos moswavlis yovedRiur akademiur
winsvlaze.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebTan

dakavSirebuli garTulebuli situaciebis dros maswavlebelma
konsultaciisTvis eqims an fsiqologs unda mimarTos.
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi specialuri saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis mSoblebsa da skolas Soris partnioruli urTierTobebis Camoyalibebaa. AmSoblebs informacia da
profesiuli daxmareba sWirdebaT. maT kargad unda gaiazron
ojaxis roli gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis
ganaTlebisa da ganviTarebis saqmeSi. skola ki, Tavis mxriv, im
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informacias da gamocdilebas saWiroebs, romelic mSobels

aqvs. mSobelma bevri icis Svilis daavadebis an janmrTelobis
problemis Sesaxeb. skolis administraciam da pedagogiurma
koleqtivma gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros mSoblebi aqtiur
partniorebad unda CaTvalon.
ZiriTadi dakvnebi da rekomendaciebi:
inkluziuri swavlebis ZiriTadi amocanebi da swavlebis saboloo Sedegebi gaTvlili unda iyos specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone konkretuli moswavlis
SesaZleblobaze;
inkluziuri swavleba niSnavs swavlebisa da Sefasebis
individualuri meTodis SemuSavebas;
inkluziuri ganaTlebis sferoSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maswavleblis roli;
maswavlebeli, mSoblebTan TanamSromlobis gziT, unda
ecados, rom gansakuTrebuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis
mqone bavSvma Tavi sazogadoebis sruluflebian wevrad
igrZnos.
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niWieri bavSvebi
am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT :

rogor gansazRvraven niWierebas;
ra maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCevian niWieri bavSvebi;
rogor gavlenas axdens maswavleblis Sexedulebebi da
swavlebis stili SemoqmedebiTobaze;
ratom sWirdebaT niWier bavSvebs gansakuTrebuli yuradReba;
rogoria maswavleblis pasuxismgebloba inteleqtualurad gamorCeul bavSvebTan.

1.
Tqvens romel moswavleebs miakuTvnebdiT niWierebis
kategorias?
2. pirvel rigSi, moswavleTa ra maxasiaTeblebi gagaxsendaT,
rodesac zemoT dasmul kiTxvaze dafiqrdiT?
3. skolis direqtorma gTxovaT, rekomendacia gauwioT
klasidan ramdenime bavSvs niWieri bavSvebisTvis axlad
danergil specialur programaSi CasarTavad. ra kriteriumebiT
ixelmZRvanelebT moswavleTa gadarCevisas?
4. TqvenTan modis erT-erTi moswavlis mSobeli da giziarebT
gadawyvetilebas bavSvis erTi klasiT win gadayvanaze, moswavle
marTlac niWieria, ras urCevdiT? ra faqtorebze gaamaxvilebdiT yuradRebas?
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*****
sazogadoebis ZiriTadi nawili normis, anu saSualo maxasiaTeblebis farglebSi Tavsdeba, magram arian iseTebic, romlebic
gamoirCevian sxvebisagan da saSualo maCveneblebs erTi an ramdenime aspeqtiT emijnebian. aseT individebs, pedagogiuri da socialuri TvalsazrisiT, ganixilaven, rogorc gansakuTrebulebs,
anu maT gansakuTrebuli midgoma sWirdebaT. maT ricxvSi Sedian
niWieri an specifikuri talantis mqone bavSvebic. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, ra didi roli eniWeba maswavlebels gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebTan urTierTobaSi, rogorc maTi
gamovlenis, aseve Semdgomi muSaobis TvalsazrisiT, cxadi gaxdeba imis aucilebloba, rom maswavleblebma meti icodnen niWieri
bavSvebis Sesaxeb, miTumetes, rom aseTi bavSvebi saskolo praqtikis farglebSi xSirad SeiZleba Segvxvdnen.
niWieri bavSvebis gamovlenis problema yovelTvis idga maswavleblebis winaSe. pedagogikas yovelTvis ar Seswevda unari,
gamoevlina talantebi an, ubralod, niWieri bavSvebi. istoriulad Tu gadavavlebT Tvals, vnaxavT, rom zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, skolebis umravlesobis kompetenciaSi sulac ar
Sedioda niWieri bavSvebisaTvis specialuri programebis SemuSaveba, xolo im skolebSic ki, sadac aseTi programebi arsebobda, yovelTvis idga problema imis Sesaxeb, romeli bavSvi
unda CaerToT aRniSnul programebSi.
talantis da niWierebis gansazRvra
problema ZiriTadad momdinareobs iqidan, rom niWierebis
ganmarteba Zalian bundovania. es cneba moicavs rogorc karg
akademiur moswrebas, maRal inteleqts, swrafi daswavlis
unars, aseve romelime eqstraordinaluri unarisa Tu talantis
qonas. aseTi bundovani ganmarteba, bunebrivia, ar aris sakmarisi
dasayrdeni skolis maswavleblebisa Tu administraciisaTvis,
romelTa winaSec dgas konkretuli problema, rogor SearCion
aseTi bavSvebi specialuri programebisTvis.
Tumca yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi sityvebi: talanti da niWieri xSirad sinonimebad gamoiyeneba. realurad, isini gansxvavebul fenomenebs aRniSnaven. niWiereba aris gamorCeuli zogadi
unari, romelic sxvadasxva sferoSi vlindeba maRali xarisxis
SedegebiTa da SesaZleblobebiT. talanti aris ufro viwro
cneba da is gulisxmobs araCveulebriv unars romelime specifikur sferoSi, mag. rogoricaa musika, xatva an maTematika. bavSvebs,
romlebic did talants avlenen adreul asakSi, vunderkindeb-
162
sac uwodeben. vunderkindebad moixsenieben bavSvebs, romlebsac

aqvT eqstraordinaluri musikaluri, mxatvruli Tu literaturuli talanti.
ra Tqma unda, Zalian xSirad niWieri bavSvebi talantsac
avlenen. praqtikaSi, cota ar iyos, Znelia aseTi bavSvebis
diferenciacia, ufro xSirad maT aerTianeben terminiT `niWieri
bavSvebi~, riTac aRniSnaven yvela im bavSvs, romelTac ganaTlebis sistemaSi specialuri yuradReba sWirdebaT.
niWieri bavSvi - bavSvi, romelsac gamoavlens profesionali kvalificiuri personali. aseT bavSvs gamorCeuli unarebis wyalobiT SeuZlia miaRwios maRal Sedegebs. maT
sWirdebaT specialuri saganmanaTleblo programebi, romlebic scildeba Cveulebrivi programis farglebs. aseTi
bavSvebi SeiZleba Sefasdnen Semdegi kriteriumebiT:
zogadi inteleqtualuri unarebi;

kargi akademiuri moswreba;
SemoqmedebiTi an produqtiuli azrovnebis unari;
liderobis unari;
SemoqmedebiTi unarebi sxvadasxva sferoebSi;
Mmudmivi interesi da motivacia.
niWieri bavSvebis identificireba

praqtikaSi niWier bavSvebs, rogorc wesi, avlenen inteleqtis
jgufuri an zogierTi individualuri testis saSualebiT, an maswavleblebis rekomendaciiT. samwuxarod, maswavleblebis rekomendacia xSirad ar aris saTanadod obieqturi da im bavSvebis
sasargeblodaa gadaxrili, romlebic saskolo disci plinebSi
kargi moswrebiTa da maRali saswavlo motivaciiT gamoirCevian.
es imas niSnavs, rom niWieri, magram dabali moswrebis bavSvebi ar identificirdebian niWierebis kategoriaSi. rodesac
amerikelma mecnierebma rostma da hanensma gadaamowmes 7 000
mesameklaseli (bavSvebi SerCeuli iyo maswavleblebis rekomendaciiT), aRmoaCines, rom niWieri bavSvebis 2/3 yuradRebis miRma
iyo darCenili.
inteleqtis testis gamoyenebac ver xsnis problemas, vinaidan,
samwuxarod, xSirad ar aris naTlad dadgenili, konkretulad
ra unarebs amowmebs aseTi testebi da ramdenad zustad.
Aamgvarad, is, rac praqtikaSi xdeba, sakmaod Sors aris niWi-
163
erebis zogadi ganmartebisgan, anu arsebuli 5 kriteriumidan

ZiriTadi yuradReba eqceva mxolod ors _ inteleqtualur
unarebs da saskolo moswrebas.
bevri mkvlevari Seecada, arsebuli naklisa da problemebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, SeemuSavebina niWieri bavSvebis gamovlenis
ufro optimaluri kriteriumebi. zogierTi maTgani miiCnevs, rom
maswavlebelma niWiereba unda Seafasos sul cota 3 kriteriumis kombinaciiT (es faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc gamovlenili, ise potenciuri):
maRali saskolo moswreba; maRali inteleqtis koeficienti;
maRali SemoqmedebiTi unarebi (axali ideebi, problemis
gadawyvetis axali gzebis Zieba);
maRali mizandasaxuloba (amocanis amoxsnis dros Sedegisken daJinebuli swrafva).
es iZleva niWieri bavSvebis winaswari gamovlenis saSualebas. rekomendebulia, gamoviyenoT Sefasebis mravali, da ara mxolod erTi, meTodi. es mogvcems ufro sando Sedegis miRebis
saSualebas.
niWieri bavSvebis zogierTi maxasiaTebeli
ganmartebebis mixedviT, niWier bavSvebs axasiaTebT inteleqtis TvalsaCino upiratesoba kreatiulobisa da motivaciis
TvalsazrisiT. unarebisa da motivaciis swori kombinaciis pirobebSi kulturuli garemo yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtoria
niWierebis formirebisTvis.
niWier bavSvebs Tu yuradRebiT daakvirdebiT, SeniSnavT, rom
maT:
dakvirvebis araCveulebrivi unari aqvT da ar gamorCebaT
mniSvnelovani detalebi;
intleqtualuri aqtivoba did siamovnebas aniWebT;
abstraqciis kargad ganviTarebuli unari aqvT;
advilad xedaven mizez_Sedegobriv kavSirebs;
kritikulebi arian da advilad amCneven Seusabamobas;
cnobismoyvareebi arian da xSirad svamen kiTxvebs ratom
da rogor?
originalurad azrovneben da sCveviaT problemis gadawyvetis axali, arastandartuli gzebis Zieba.
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specialuri programebi niWieri bavSvebisaTvis

specialuri programebis Seqmna niWieri bavSvebisaTvis
Zalian aqtualuri sakiTxia. samwuxarod, swavlaSi CamorCenili bavSvebis sakmaod mniSvnelovani nawili niWieria. saskolo
programebi ise unda iyos damuSavebuli, rom rogorc saSualo
monacemebis, ise niWier bavSvebsac hqondeT Tavisi potencialis
maqsimalurad ganviTarebis saSualeba.
niWieri bavSvebis swavlebasTan dakavSirebiT, arsebobs ori
ZiriTadi midgoma: aqseleracia (daCqareba) da gamdidreba (programis metad gajereba). TiToeuli es meTodi gulisxmobs bavSvTa dajgufebas unarebis mixedviT. unarebis mixedviT dajgufeba
niSnavs niWieri bavSvebis gadarCevas da Tavmoyras an calke
klasSi, an specialur skolebSi. amJamad ufro aqtualuria niWieri bavSvebis swavleba Cveulebriv klasebSi, da ara maTi gancalkeveba.
aqseleraciuli programebi ufro swrafad gaatareben bavSvs
imave saswavlo masalas, rasac sxva moswavleebi ufro xangrZlivi drois manZilze swavloben. aseT programebs kompaqtur
programebsac uwodeben, radgan isini cdiloben, Cation Cveulebrivi programa drois ufro xanmokle monakveTSi.
aqseleraciis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa klasidan klasSi gadaxtoma, magram es meTodi, faqtobrivad, orientirebulia
erTi konkretuli bavSvis warmatebaze da sulac ar gulisxmobs
saskolo gegmis modifikacias da arc imaze zrunavs, rom igi
ufro adekvaturi gaxdes bavSvisaTvis. specialistebi am meTods
xSirad negatiurad afaseben.
sakmaod cnobilia agreTve stenlis radikaluri aqseleraciis modeli, romelic Tavdapirvelad sagangebod iyo SemuSavebuli maTematikuri niWiT dajildoebuli bavSvebisaTvis. radikaluri aqseleraciis meTodi cdilobs, droSi SeamWidrovos
Cveulebrivi saswavlo gegma; Semdeg aseTi mozardebis umravlesoba gadadis damatebiTi aqseleraciis specialur sauniversiteto kursze. aseTi kursebis praqtika arsebobda vaSingtonSi,
CineTSi, avstraliaSi. faqtobrivad, ukve 14 wlis bavSvebi xvdebodnen aseTi ti pis sauniversiteto kursebze. moswavleebis
gamokiTxviT dafiqsirda, rom umravlesoba maTgani, Cveulebrivi
programebis pirobebSi, aqseleraciuli programis dawyebamde,
uCioda mowyenilobas da mobezrebis grZnobas. xolo programaSi CarTvis Semdeg maTSi SeiniSneba TviTSefasebisa da miRwevis
moTxovnilebis momateba.
aqseleraciis negatiuri mxareebia socialuri wris dar-
165
Rveva, Tanatolebisgan mowyveta, frustracia. es yvelaferi metyvelebs imaze, rom xSirad ar aris rekomendebuli bavSvis
mowyveta saSualo socialuri da fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis
CarCoebidan. am dros aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia bavSvis
aramxolod inteleqtuqluri, aramed socialuri da fizikuri
simwifec; aseve, yuradReba unda mieqces imasac, ramdenad
Tanabrad uswrebs bavSvi Tavis asaks. iqneb is mxolod erT
konkretul sferoSia warmatebuli da sxva sagnebSi daCqarebam
sulac ar mogvitanos saxarbielo Sedegi?
gamdidrebuli programebi uzrunvelyofen bavSvis ufro Rrma
ganaTlebas damatebiTi da mravalferovani masalis miwodebiT.
es saSualebas gvaZlevs, gavafarTooT maTi codna da ganvaviTaroT SesaZleblobebi.
garda amisa, arsebobs gamdidrebuli swavlis kidev erTi
modeli, romelic gulisxmobs bavSvebis SerCevas zemoxsenebuli
sami maxasiaTeblis mixedviT. unda aRiniSnos, rom es SerCeva ar
atarebs mkacr xasiaTs, ubralod, SeirCeva yvela bavSvi, romelic
Tavisi saskolo moswrebiTa Tu inteleqtualuri potencialiT
met-naklebad akmayofilebs aRniSnul kriteriumebs da, daaxloebiT, 25% skolis saukeTeso bavSvebisa, xvdeba niWierebis kategoriaSi. SerCevis Semdeg, am moswavleebidan nebismiers SeuZlia
monawileoba miiRos specialur gamdidrebul programebSi. mas
aseve ufleba aqvs nebismier dros miatovos es programa. programebi cvalebadobs bavSvebis interesebidan gamomdinare.
aRmzrdelebi da kerZo maswavleblebi
ufrodaufro meti programa iyenebs niWieri bavSvebisaTvis
individualur aRmzrdelebsa da maswavleblebs.
aRmzrdeli aris is adamiani, romelic Taviseburi inteleqtualuri da fsiqologiuri xelmZRvanelis rolSi gvevlineba
da mWidro kavSirSia bavSvTan.
indiviadualuri maswavlebeli aSkarad efeqturi saSualebaa
aramarto niWier bavSvTan samuSaod. gamokvlevebma daadastures,
rom individualuri mecadineobis fonze saSualo moswavleTa
98% SeiZleba amaRldes saSualo jgufis donidan.
sainteresoa Taviseburi aRmzrdelobiTi urTierToba Tanatolebs Soris, an SedarebiT ufrosi moswavleebis mxridan. niWier
bavSvebs xSirad axasiaTebT maTze ufrosebTan urTierTobis
survili, radganac saerTo interesebs maTTan ufro pouloben.
166
individualuri saswavlo gegmebi

aseTi gegmebis Sedgena xdeba moswavleTa individualuri saWiroebebisa da SesaZleblobebis Sesabamisad. farTod gamoyenebuli es gegmebi,
rogorc wesi, gulisxmobs midgomisa da masalebis
kombinacias, rogoric aris gamdidreba, aqseleracia da azrovnebis ganviTarebis da motivaciis
amaRlebis strategiebi.
individualuri gegmebi iTvaliswinebs bavSvis
rogorc unarebs, aseve moTxovnilebebs.
ix. gv. 155
specialuri skolebi
garda
zemoTCamoTvlili
midgomebisa, arsebobs
iseTi
skolebic, romlebic emsaxurebian mxolod niWier bavSvebs. aseTia, magaliTad, sakvirao an zafxulis skolebi. Tumca niWieri
bavSvebis umravlesobas xSirad ar miuwvdeba xeli aseT specialur programebze da skolebze da rCebian Cveulebrivi klasis farglebSi. es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom Cveulebriv klasSi maswavleblebs maTTvis arafris gakeTeba SeuZliaT. piriqiT,
inkluziuri swavleba maqsimalurad moiTxovs yvela bavSvis
CarTvas saswavlo procesSi da im gzebis Ziebas, Tu risi gakeTeba SegviZlia maTTvis.
rekomendaciebi Cveulebrivi klasisaTvis
akeTeben Tu ara skolebi imas, risi gakeTebac ZaluZT niWieri
da SemoqmedebiTobisakenN midrekili bavSvebisaTvis? samwuxarod,
skolebi, tradiciulad, orientirebulni arian damjeri, punqtualuri, zrdilobiani, Tavaziani, megobrebTan karg urTierTobaSi
myofi, sxvisi ideebis advilad SemTvisebeli, arakonfliqturi
moswavleebis formirebaze. akademiuri moswreba Sefasebis
ZiriTadi kriteriumia, rac xSirad mza masalis SeTvisebaze da
tradiciul standartul pasuxebzea orientirebuli. am CamonaTvalSi gvaklia moqniloba, riskisTvis mzadyofna, originaloba,
arastandartuli azrovneba, gamomgonebloba.
Zalian mniSvnelovania, maswavlebelma waaxalisos da ar
gakicxos moswavle. waxaliseba sWirdeba bavSvis SemoqmedebiT
da gabedul pasuxs maSinac ki, roca is arasworia da warumatebeli.
bevri niWieri bavSvi sakmaod mcire warmatebebs aRwevs. riTi
167
SeiZleba avxsnaT es faqti? ZiriTadi mizezi aris motivis arqona. motivaciis gaqrobas iwvevs is, rom:
bavSvebi ver xedaven kavSirs realobasa da naswavl
masalas Soris;
bevri niWieri bavSvi kargavs motivacias SefasebiTi
sistemis araadekvaturobisa da zedapirulobis gamo. samwuxarod, mravali mSobeli da maswavlebeli mxolod niSnebzea orientirebuli;
niWier bavSvebs xSirad uwevT iseTi davalebebis Sesruleba, rac maTTvis Zalian martivia da, Sesabamisad, ikargeba interesi. meore mxriv, am problemis Tavidan acilebis
mcdelobaSi meore ukiduresobasac vxvdebiT da zogierTi
programa niWieri bavSvebisTvis zedmetad win wasuli, abstraqtuli da Warbad Teoriulia;
bevri saskolo programa ver axerxebs, waaxalisos niWieri bavSvebi da ver aZlevs maT TavianTi unikaluri SesaZleblobebisa da specifikuri interesebis dakmayofilebis
SesaZleblobas.
yvela zemoTCamoTvlili mizezis gamo, SeiZleba Sedegad miviRoT motivaciisa da miRwevis moTxovnilebis daTrgunva im
moswavleebTan, romlebsac, potenciurad, brwyinvale Sedegebis
miRweva SeuZliaT.
arsebobs sagangebo saSualebebi bavSvebSi kritikuli azrovnebisa da SemoqmedebiTobis wasaxaliseblad. mokled
SegviZlia ganvixiloT erT-erTi, romelic `gonebrivi ieriSis~
saxelwodebiT aris cnobili: es meTodi pirvelad SemogvTavaza
amerikelma mecnierma osbornma da dRemde warmatebulad gamoiyeneba specialur programebSi. meTods iyeneben mcire jgufebSi
amocanis SemoqmedebiTi amoxsnis ZiebaSi maqsimaluri raodenobis ideebis warmosaqmnelad. Sefaseba mogvianebiT xdeba. es
saSualebas gvaZlevs, gacilebiT meti idea gamovimuSavoT, vidre Sefasebis pirobebSi. klasis pirobebSi `gonebriv ieriSs~
SeiZleba daeTmos gakveTilis nawili. lideri am procesSi aris
maswavlebeli. igi xsnis TamaSis wesebs: ar aris misaRebi kritika; gamoTqmuli ideebis Secvla da erTmaneTTan dakavSireba
SesaZlebelia; misaRebia yvela idea, erTi SexedviT, rac unda ucnauri Candes. wesebis axsnis Semdeg maswavlebeli ayenebs prob-
168
lemas da gonebrivi ieriSi iwyeba. rekomendebulia sxvadasxva

xerxis gamoyeneba ideebis stimulaciisa da SemoqmedebiTobis
gasaRviveblad (maswavlebelma SeiZleba miawodos ramdenime nimuSi, an ubralod, misces biZgi misTvis sasurveli mimarTulebiT
ideebis provocirebas).
kidev ra faqtorebma SeiZleba moaxdinon niWier bavSvebze
uaryofiTi gavlena:
niWieri bavSvebi SeiZleba gazarmacdnen _ eqsperimentebi adasturebs, rom adamianis tvini miT ufro viTardeba,
rac metad Rebulobs saTanado datvirTvas, anu martivad
rom vTqvaT, varjiSobs. iseve rogorc kunTi, romelic rac
metad varjiSobs, miT met Zalas iZens. Tu niWieri bavSvi
eCveva swavlas da warmatebis miRwevas Zalisxmevis gareSe,
misi gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi SeiZleba Sesustdes;
niWieri bavSvebi xSirad ise amTavreben saSualo skolas,
rom ganviTarebuli ar aqvT Sromis da siZneleebis gadalaxvis unari. _ amas swored is iwvevs, rom maT yvelaferi
advilad gamosdiT, saSualo skolis farglebSi arsebuli
standartebi maTTvis siZneles ar warmoadgens da, Sesabamisad, eCvevian warmatebis miRwevas minimaluri AZalisxmevis fasad. problema iCens Tavs maSin, rodesac sirTulis
pirispir aRmoaCenen, rom ar SeswevT siZneleebis gadalaxvis
unari da panika i pyrobT. maswavleblebs yovelTvis unda axsovdeT, rom niWier bavSvebs ufro rTulad misaRwevi miznebis dasaxva da am miznebis misaRwevad saTanado mxardaWera
sWirdebaT;
niWieri bavSvebi SeiZleba perfeqcionistebad Camoyalibdnen _ isini eCvevian qebas, warmatebebs, jildoebs, ar ician,
ra aris marcxi da, Sesabamisad, cdiloben, aicilon marcxi
nebismier fasad, ramac, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba Seamciros
produqtuloba; maT SeuZliaT miaRwion warmatebas, magram
marcxis SiSi ar aZlevT saSualebas, gariskon da SeeWidon
sirTuleebs;
niWieri bavSvebi advilad xdebian niSnebze orientirebulni _ aseTi moswavleebi advilad eqcevian niSnebis gavlenis qveS da hgoniaT, rom ufro mniSvnelovania, miiRo
kargi niSani, vidre SeeWido raRac axals, rac grZelvadian
Sedegs mogitans;
169
ra faqtorebi axdenen gavlenas niWieri bavSvebis warmatebaze

xangrZlivma gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom bavSvis niWiereba
aucileblad da pirdapir ar ganapirobebs warmatebas. maTi
nawili marTlac aRwevs mniSvnelovan warmatebebs profesiuli
karieris TvalsazrisiT, nawili _ vera.
ojaxi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs bavSvis potenciuri
SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas. perspeqtiva gacilebiT ukeTesia,
rodesac niWierebas da Sesabamis pirovnul Tvisebebs saTanado
ojaxuri da socialuri garemoc uwyobs xels.
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens, agreTve, swavlebis stili da
saklaso klimati.
situacia 1.
niniko mesame klasSia. is sakmaod niWieri da iniciativiani

bavSvia. rodesac maswavlebeli axal masalas xsnis, niniko ver
isvenebs, axasiaTebs swori pasuxebis wamoZaxeba da gamoxatavs,
rom man es ukve icis, riTac maswavleblis gaRizianebas iwvevs.
rogor unda moiqces maswavlebeli, rom ar daTrgunos ninikos aqtiuroba da Tan gakveTilis normaluri msvlelobac ar
Seaferxos?
Ffaqtia, rom niniko skolis masalas uswrebs. im masalis codna, rasac maswavlebeli xsnis, mas ar asvenebs da spontanur wamoZaxilebs iwvevs. xSiri SeniSvnebis micemam SeiZleba masSi sircxvilis grZnoba gamoiwvios da, meore mxriv, interesic daukargos
im gakveTilebis mimarT, sadac misTvis axali aRaraferia, Tumca
arc is aris kargi, Cvevad rom gadaeqces maswavleblis saubris
xSirad Sewyveta. kargi iqneba, maswavlebelma, sanam masalis axsnas daiwyebs, winaswar dasvas SekiTxvebi da `gonebrivi ieriSis~
meTodiT gaarkvios, ra ician bavSvebma ama Tu im sakiTxze. am
dros ninikoc SeZlebs bunebrivad gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazrebebi
da Semdeg maswavlebelsac ufro yuradRebiT mousminos.
situacia 2.
irakli yovelTvis gamoirCeoda kargi akademiuri moswrebiT,
170
gansakuTrebiT maRal Sedegebs maTematikaSi aRwevda. maswavlebelma urCia mSoblebs misi iseT skolaSi gadayvana, sadac
maTematika gaZlierebulad iswavleboda. irakli marTlac gadaiyvanes maTematikur skolaSi, Tumca Zalian male man swavla
sagrZnoblad gaauaresa da xSirad uars acxadebda skolaSi
wasvlaze. ras SeeZlo masSi aseTi cvlilebis gamowveva?
Seqmnili situaciis detalurma Seswavlam da iraklisTan
saubarma gamoarkvia, rom miuxedavad Cveulebrivi skolis farglebSi misi warmatebebisa maTematikaSi, gaZlierebuli programa
misTvis mainc rTuli aRmoCnda. iraklis ukve didi Zalisxmeva
sWirdeboda Sedegis misaRwevad, rac misTvis uCveulo iyo. amas
isic daerTo, rom mudam pirvelobas miCveuli ver egueboda sxvebis upiratesobas, ramac sabolooo jamSi mas aSkara protesti da
ukmayofileba gauCina axali skolis mimarT. iraklis mSoblebs
SegviZlia vurCioT, rom naCqarevad ar miiRon misi Zvel skolaSi
dabrunebis gadawyvetileba.
sasurvelia, maTematikis
maswavlebelmac
meti yuradReba gamoiCinos mis mimarT,
sanam axal garemos SeeCveva. axali
garTulebuli programis dasaZlevad,
xanmokle
drois
manZilze individualuri
maswavleblis daxmarebac ar
iqneboda cudi. Zvel
skolaSi dabruneba mxolod maSin
unda
gadawyviton,
Tu darwmundebian,
rom gaZlierebuli
programa marTlac
zedmetad rTulia misTvis.
171

pasuxebi.
ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi :
niWier bavSvebze, maTi unarebis ganviTarebisa

da Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT, gadamwyvet gavlenas
axdens saskolo klimati, saswavlo programa da maswavleblis damokidebuleba;
mudmivad cvaleT maT mimarT Tqveni molodini da
davalebebis sirTule; davalebebis sirTulis momatebasTan erTad gazardeT mxardaWerac, rom araadekvatur sirTuleebs ar Seejaxon;
yovelTvis darwmunebuli iyaviT, rom niWieri
bavSvis swavlis procesSi Tanabrad aris dabalansebuli sirTuleebi da warmateba.
172
gamoyenebuli literatura:
- `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, 2004w.

-maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri. (2008). maswavleblis profesiuli standarti. Tbilisi.
-erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. (2007).
erovnuli saswavlo gegma. Tbilisi.
rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba (1 naw). Tbilisi.
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis

(1 naw). Tbilisi.
-vaisi, T. (2001). bavSvebi gansakuTrebul zrunvas rom saWiroeben (m.bulia, Targ.). Tbilisi: gamomcemloba àwmyo.
-ionseni, b.h., & Serteni, m .d. (red). (2007). ganaTleba - gansxvavebuli saWiroebebis mqone pirTa ganaTleba ( m.jiqia, Targ.).
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos macne.
-Bowling- Carr, C., & West-Burnham, J. (1997). Effective learning in schools.
London: Pitman.
-Chapel, S., Leask, M., & Turner, T. (Eds.). (2005). Learning to teach in the
secondary school (4th ed.). London & New York: Routledge .
-Fullan, M. & Hargreaves, A. (1992). Whats worth fighting for in your
school.
- Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching. Cambridge:

Longman Publishers.
- Heaton, J.B. (1997). Classroom testing. London & New York: Longman
Publishers.
-Heaton, J.B. (1997). Writing English language tests. London & New York:
Longman Publishers.
-Hopkins, D. (2001). School improvement for real. London & New York: Routledge, Falmer.
-Kyriacou, C. (1997). Effective teaching in schools (2nd ed.). Cheltenham,
United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes.
-Kyriacou, C. (1998). Essential teaching skills. Cheltenham, United Kingdom:
Nelson Thornes.
-Madsen, S. (1983). Techniques in testing. New York: Oxford University
Press.
-Proctor, A., Entwistle, M., Judge, B. & McKenzie-Murdoch, S. (1996).
Learning to teach in the primary classroom. London & New York: Routledge,
Falmer.
173
-Quist, D. (2000). Primary teaching methods . London & Oxford: Macmillan

Education Ltd.
-Ruddel, M. R. (2001). Teaching content reading and writing. New York: John
Wiley & Sons. Ontario Public School Teachers Federation: Open University
Press.
-Rudner, M. & Schafer, C. (2002). What teachers need to know about
assessment. Washington: National Education Association.
-Saphier, J., & Gower, R. (1997). The skillful teacher. Acton: Research for Better Teaching.
Jones, V. F., & Jones, L. S. (2001). Comprehensive classroom management.
Boston: Allyn &Bacon.
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174
sarCevi
motivacia da motivaciis amaRlebis saSualebebi

(q. TofaZe) ....................................................................................................................................... 3
damoukidebeli, konkurentuli da TanamSromlobiTi swavleba
(q.TofaZe) ....................................................................................................................................... 30
swavlebis strategiebi (q. TofaZe) ..................................................................... 38
gakveTilis dagegmva (n. dalaqiSvili) .......................................................... 64
Sefaseba (r. tyemalaZe) .................................................................................................. 73
Sefasebis meTodebi testireba (r. tyemalaZe) .................................... 81
Sefasebis maTodebi - maswavleblis dakvirveba da komentari
(r. tyemalaZe) ............................................................................................................................ 90
Sefasebis sqemebi (r. tyemalaZe) ............................................................................ 98
TviTSefaseba da TanatolTa Sefaseba (r. tyemalaZe) .................. 110
problemis gadaWris procesis Sefaseba (n. dalaqiSvili) ...... 118
komunikacia (n. dalaqiSvili) ................................................................................ 124
komunikaciis saSualebebi (n. dalaqiSvili) ........................................... 132
saklaso diskusia (n. dalaqiSvili) ................................................................ 140
inkluziuri ganaTleba (T. paWkoria) ............................................................ 150
niWieri bavSvebi (T. buwaSvili) .......................................................................... 161
gamoyenebuli literatura ....................................................................................... 173
175
SeniSvnebisTvis
176
177
178

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l

sakonsultacio sabWo: simon janaSia, naTela imedaZe, marina

ilustracia, dizaini: giorgi gamezardaSvili

proeqtis koordinatori: eTer gvelesiani

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, 2008.

motivacia da motivaciis amaRlebis

am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT:

moswavleTa motivaciis ama-

ra strategiebs unda mimarToT

motivacia aris impulsi/survili, Sinagani procesi, romelic

mecnierTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom I-III

ix. I - gv. 178

Sinagani motivaciis amaRlebisaTvis maswavleblebi sxvadasxva strategias mimarTaven:

davalebis moswavleTa interesebis mixedviT SerCeva;

Tavisi azris, Tundac sawinaaRmdego mosazrebis Tamamad

ix. gv. 132

2. naTia maswavlebeli moswavleebs dapirda, rom vinc

rogorc magaliTi gviCvenebs, `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~

Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

pedagogi sistematurad da gegmazomierad unda

am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT:

motivaciis amaRlebis ZiriTadi saSualebebia: pirovnuli

mocemuli situaciebi naTlad gviCvenebs, rom amgvari

rodesac maswavlebeli yuradRebiT ugdebs yurs

ix. gv. 132

Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

maRali akademiuri moswrebisaTvis sasurvel atmosferos qmnis

` me mniSvnelovani da dafasebuli var am garemoSi

daakvirdiT im Rirebulebebs da damokidebulebebs, romlebic

SecdomebTan dakavSirebiT: Secdomebi sisustis niSania.

zemoT mocemuli ori grafis Sedarebisas, SegviZlia davaskvnaT,

saazrovno sqemebi, e.w. kognituri diagramebi

3 ram, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo

sasurvelia, rom pedagogma es moTxovnebi dafazec daweros.

Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT :

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze:

1. ra saxis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT unda dasaxos maswavlebelma maRali moTxovnebi?

ganvixiloT moTxovnebi, rogorc motivaciis amaRlebis erTerTi saSualeba.

Tanamedrove pedagogikis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli, jon

Cemi moTxovnebi mniSvnelovania Seni warmatebisTvis!

mkafio, naTeli da gasagebi moTxovnebis dayenebis ramdenime

`yovelTvis gaxsovdeT, ar dagaviwydeT, rveulSic CainiSneT,

me CamogiwereT da axla dagirigebT gegmas, ris Semdeg ra

moiZieT informacia pirveli safexuri:

3. moTxovnis xSir-xSirad, sistematurad gameoreba.

`yovel orSabaTs da xuTSabaTs gakveTils daviwyebT erTi

5. informaciis demonstrirebis, magaliTebis Cvenebis gziT

`imisTvis, rom ukeTesad gaigoT axsnili axali masala, erT

`me ukve meored gagafrTxileT. mjera, rom erTi gafTxileba

magaliTad, Txzulebis daweramde an proeqtis momzadebamde maT

Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, i povoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

gakveTilis bolos ki dagirigebT patara kiTxvars, romlis

kiTxvari gundis TiToeuli wevrisaTvis / nimuSi

1 ra gaakeTeT an TqviT iseTi, rac Tqvens gunds daexmara samuSaos SesrulebaSi?

2 ramdenad nayofierad imuSava gundma, rogorc erTma

3 daafiqsireT, iyo Tu ara rame xelisSemSleli faqtori. Semdegi

samive saxis swavleba saswavlo procesis sxvadasxva ti pis

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

pedagogi yovelTvis unda cdilobdes, rom swavlisa da