GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTIK IBU BALITA DALAM MENCEGAH PNEUMONIA (Penelitian di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas

Cimahi Tengah Tahun 2012)

Hesti Oktavina S 4111091036

Latar Belakang
Infeksi Saluran Nafas Akut (ISPA) Atas
>2 juta anak balita meninggal

Bawah

Pneumonia
Penyumbang terbesar kematian Pembunuh anak no.1 (the number one killer of children)

Penyebab Utama Morbiditas dan Mortalitas pada anak

Masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama

Latar Belakang
3 Kecamatan Cimahi Insidensi pneumonia tertinggi

Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah

Rentan terserang penyakit

Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah Jumlah penderita terbanyak usia 1-4 tahun

Menanggulangi masalah peny.pneumonia

Orang pertama tanda/gejala anak

Peran keluarga terutama ibu

Periode penting tumbuh kembang

Masa keemasan (golden age)

Sasaran utama

Identifikasi Masalah
Bagaimana gambaran

Pengetahuan

Sikap

Praktik

Ibu balita dalam mencegah pneumonia di posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah tahun 2012?
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Maksud gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik ibu balita dalam mencegah pneumonia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah tahun 2012.

Tujuan
Gambaran pengetahuan

Gambaran sikap Gambaran praktik

Ibu balita dalam mencegah pneumonia di posyandu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah tahun 2012.

Kegunaan Penelitian
Ilmu Pengetahuan
Menerapkan ilmu komunikasi upaya promosi kesehatan sesuai latar belakang sosial budaya perilaku masyarakat akan lebih baik

Pelayanan Kesehatan
Pemerintah (Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah) penyuluhan pemberantasan penyakit menular (pneumonia).

Masyarakat
Upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat pemahaman dalam aspek pencegahan menekan angka kejadian pneumonia.
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Kerangka Pemikiran

METODE PENELITIAN

Rancangan Penelitian

Penelitian dengan metode deskriptif observasional dan data dikumpulkan secara potong lintang,

Subyek Penelitian
Ibu balita yang datang pada saat jadwal posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah

Kriteria Inklusi
Ibu balita yang datang pada saat jadwal posyandu dan balita tersebut memiliki KMS. Ibu balita yang bersedia untuk diwawancarai.

Kriteria eksklusi
Ibu balita yang tidak dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik.
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Ukuran Sampel

1 pratama

1 madya 5 mandiri

24 purnama

Teknik cluster random sampling

31 posyandu

Jumlah balita 174

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strata pratama = 11 orang

strata madya = 13 orang

strata purnama = 15 orang strata mandiri = 29 orang
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Optometric Examination
1. Correct any distance refractive error. (Working distance, correct height, intermediate zone, lens design) 2. Correct any near refractive error. (Low plus lenses +0.75, etc.) 3. Test for binocular anomalies. 4. Evaluate for dry eyes.
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Ergonomic Aspects

1. Lighting 2. Characteristics of the computer display

(The smallest possible pixel size is preferable, Contrast, Faster screen refresh rate)

3. Work station design

about 65 cm distance 10-20 degrees or 10-20 cm below eye level

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Improving Visual Comfort at a Computer Workstation

Lighting Screen Reflections Flicker Problems Display Characteristics Workstation Furniture and Arrangement
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Improving Visual Comfort at a Computer Workstation

Lighting
Eliminate bright light Avoid white reflective surfaces Use indirect lighting systems

Screen Reflections
Use an antireflection screen cover the sources of the reflections Use dark characters on a light background
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Improving Visual Comfort at a Computer Workstation

Flicker Problems Display Characteristics
Monochrome monitors Maximized resolution

Workstation Furniture and Arrangement

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Visual Ergonomics In The Workplace

The Terminal Eye Position Glare Computer Glasses Vision Therapy Computer Vision Testing Eye Self-Care
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Visual Ergonomics In The Workplace

The Terminal Eye Position
Paper 30-40 cm 40 degrees

Monitor 20-25 cm below eye of sight

Glare
offices are much too bright for terminal work.

Computer Glasses
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Visual Ergonomics In The Workplace

Vision Therapy Computer Vision Testing
(VDT-related visual stress)
on-line questionnaire vision tests

Eye Self-Care
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Eye Self-Care ("3 B's)

Blink
- normally 12-15 times a minute

Breathe
-relax the eye muscles

Breaks
-Micro-Break -Mini-Break -Maxi-Break

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Keyboard Hand Positioning

INCORRECT

CORRECT

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Proper Posture

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How can you prevent CVS?

Take frequent breaks: 20-20-20:
Every 20 minutes, focus on an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds

Try to blink more frequently Adjust lighting: Use ambient light to reduce glare Adjust computer screen to 20-24 inches away from you about 20 degrees below eye level
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 Magnified view of a printed letter

Magnified view of a letter on a computer screen

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SOLUTIONS
1. Position the Monitor 20 to 26 Inches away the Eyes 2. Take Breaks between 20 to 60 Minutes for about 2-4 Minutes 3. Arrange light source to Minimize glare & Reflections on the Screen 4. Blink frequently to Moisture the Eyes 5. Use Anti-Glare Computer Screen or Anti-Glare Spectacles.

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TIP - 1
Wear glasses, with UV protection while working at the computer, even if one normally doesnt need corrective vision.

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TIP - 2
Remind yourself to blink more often while working at the computer screen to prevent dryness of the eyes.

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TIP - 3
Take 15 or 20 second rest breaks every 15 minutes. Use this time to just look around the room.

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TIP - 4
Adjust the position of your computer screen. It should be below eye level, so youre looking down at it. A viewing distance of 20 to 26 inches is ideal.

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TIP -5
Black characters on a white background are usually the best. Avoid dark backgrounds. The size of the text should be three times the size of the smallest text you can read.

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TIP - 6
Use Grey Tinted Lenses, which is a Neutral Absorber and can filter unwanted effects of certain colors.

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TIP - 7
Keep your computer screen free of dust.

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ERGONOMICS

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 Wear glasses with AntiReflection Coating while working in front of the computer.

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 The monitor should be positioned at your eye level or slightly below your eye level.

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 This is the ideal position of your monitor & is the correct posture of a computer user.

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 Make sure your wrists are not bent while using the keyboard & the mouse.

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 Avoid bright overhead lighting that directly falls on your face.

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 Uncomfortable chair & Position can cause neck strain.

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 Adjust the height of the chair so that your feet are firmly on the ground.

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 Improper posture & un- comfortable chair can cause back strain & back pain.

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ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-GLARE COATING (ARC)

Eliminate reflections almost entirely. Reduce eye fatigue in office environment and under artificial light. Cuts the glare from PC Monitor.

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