GasII

(1)

1.

2.
( )

 (2)
3. Ek = 1/2 mV2
m MW
V
4.

 (3)
5. T
T(K)


T P
P 1 atm

 (1)

(Ptot)
(partial pressure)
(Pi)

Ptot V

Ptot
Ptot

=
=
=
=
=

ntot RT
(n1+n2++ni+)RT
n1+n2 ++ni+
P1+P2++Pi+
Pi
Pi = ni RT

 (2)

Pi = ni RT/V = ni =
Ptot
ntot RT/V ntot

xi

= ni / ntot

(mole fraction)
Pi = xiP
A
P1 V1
V P PA

 (3)
PA V = P 1 V1
PA
= (P1V1)/V

 (4)
2

PV = 2/3 N (1/2 mv )
PV = 2/3 NE
N = NA PV = 2/3 E : (E = NAE)
PV = RT = 2/3 E
E = 3/2 RT

 (5)
E
2

1/2Mv
2
v
v2

=
=

NA1/2mv
2
1/2Mv

=
=
=

3/2RT
(3RT)/M
Vrms

: ( M = NAm)

3RT
M

Vrms

=
=
(root-mean-square velocity)

Example
400 cm3 0.92 atm
21 OC 1.5 atm
21 OC

P1 =

P1V1 = P2V2
0.92 atm, V1 = 400 cm3

P2 = 1.5 atm, V2 = ?
(0.92 atm)(400 cm3) = (1.5 atm) V2
V2 = 245.33 cm3

Example

0.452 L 87 OC 0.620 atm

n = PV/RT
P = 0.620 atm, T = 273+87 = 360 K
V = 0.452 L, R = 0.08206 L.atm.K-1.mol-1

n =
(0.620 atm)(0.452 L)
(0.08206 L.atm.K-1.mol-1)(360 K)
n = 9.49 X 103 mol
Ans

Example

O
0.533 g 0.25 L 25 C 0.974 atm
M = mRT/PV
m = 0.533 g, P = 0.974 atm
V = 0.25 L, T = 273+25 = 298 K
-1
-1
R = 0.08206 L.atm.K .mol

M = (0.533g)(0.08206 L.atm.K-1.mol-1)(298 K)
(0.974 atm)(0.25 L)
M = 53.53
Ans

N2 200 cm 25 C 250 torr O2

350 cm3 25 OC 300 torr
3
O
300 cm 25 C
3
N2 : V1 = 200 cm
P1 = 250 torr
V = 300 cm3 PN2 = ?
PN2 = (200 cm3 )(250 torr) = 167 torr
(300 cm3)
O2 : PO2 = (350 cm3 )(300 torr)
(300 cm3)
= 350 torr
Ptot = PN2 + PO2
= 167 +350 = 517 torr


(effusion)
=

(diffusion)
=

(r)

(d)
r 1/d

 A
B
rA/rB

dB/dA

(M)
rA/rB

MB/MA

rA/rB

vA/vB

vA/vB

MB/MA

1.


2.
( )

(perfect elastic collision)
T


3.

m v
= mv2

Et

1/2Nmv2

v2 x,y
z
v2
v2

=
=

vx2 + vy2 + vz2

vx2 + vy2 + vz2

v2 = 3vx2 = 3vy2 = 3vz2 : vx2 = v2/3

m x Vx
a
a
z

y
a


= mvx
A
vx
= m(-vx)
= mvx m(-vx)
= 2mvx


A
2a (-)
= vx / 2a

P
F

=
=

2mvx (vx / 2a)

mvx2 / a

=
=
=

F/A
mvx2 / a.a2
mvx2 / V

PV

mvx2


N
vx2
PV

Nmvx2

vx 2

v2 / 3

PV

=
=

Nmv2 / 3
nNAmv2 / 3

nMv2 / 3

NA
M

=
=
=
=
=

N/NA

NAm


1.
PV

=
=
=

Nmv2/3
2/3N(1/2mv2)
2/3NEt

Et =
PV =

1
2/3 nNAEt

PV =

2/3 n Et

Et
Et

=
=

1
NAEt

3 ( x,y z)
(degree of freedom) = 3

kT
k

=
=
=

1.38066 x10-23 JK-1

(R/NA)


1
( Et )

3(1/2kT)

1
( Et )

=
=

3NA(1/2kT)
3/2 NAkT


PV =
=
=

PV

2/3nEt
2/3n(3/2NAkT)
nNAkT

PV =

nRT : (NAk = R)

Et
=

3/2NAkT
3/2RT



P,V


2.

PV =
PV =
v2 =
V2

(v2)1/2

Nmv2/3
nRT
3RT/mNA
T

T1/2

(v2)1/2 = root-mean-square velocity, vrms

Et =
NA(1/2mv2)
1/2Mv2 : (M=NAm)
3/2RT
(3RT)/M

1/2Mv2
v2

=
=
=

v2

Vrms =

Vrms =

(3RT)/M

(root-mean-square velocity)


3.

P(v) =

4(m/2kT)3/2v2(e-mv/kT)

P(v)

v v + dv
K

=
=
=

R / NA
1.38x10-23 JK-1
2.71

 P(v) v

(mean velocity, v)
(most probble velocity,vmp)

=
=

vmp =

8kT / m
8RT / M

2RT / M

1-3 3

 3
vmp : v : vrms

1 : 1.13 : 1.22

vA/vB

MB / MA


1 PV/RT = 1

0
PV/RT 1

1
(P+a/V2)(V2-b) =

RT

V
Ab

=
=


V = RT/P

T = 0, V = 0


v
=


= v - b
b
= (excluded volumn)


n

r
2r
r
r

= 4/3(2r)3

= (4/3(2r)3)
= 4(4/3r3)


1.
2.

(n/V)
(n/v)2
=
=

an2/v2
a/v2

n
(P+an2/v2)(v-nb)

= nRT

Exercise

Question
1. 400 cm3 0.92 atm
21c 1.5 atm
21c

2.
0.452 L 87 c 0.620 atm
3. 0.533 g
0.25 l
25 c 0.974 atm

Question
4. N2 200 cm3 25 c 250
torr O2 350 cm3 25 c
300
torr 300 cm3
25 c

Question
5.

8 c
6.4 atm
25 c
1.0 atm
( ml)
2.1 ml

Question
6.

7.

(Ne) 4.46 mol

(Ar) 0.74 mol (Xe)
2.15 mol
2.00 atm

( ) CO2
7.40 g STP

Question
8.

( ) HCl
49.8 g STP

(SF6)

( atm)

1.82 mol
5.43 L 69.5 c
9.

Question
10. ( )
(NO) 2.12 mol 6.54
atm
76 c

Question

128 ml 24 c
762 mmHg ( )
24 c
22.4 mmHg
11.

Question
12.

30 c
988 mmHg 641 ml (
)
30 c 31.82 mmHg

Question
13. NH3 3.50 mol 5.20 L
47 c
atm

)
)

Answer
1.

245.33 cm3

2.

9.49 x 10-3 mol

3.

53.53

4.

517 torr

5.

14

ml

Answer
6.

PNe

1.21 atm

PAr

0.20 atm

PXe

0.586 atm

7.

3.77 L

8.

30.6 L

9.

9.42 atm

10.

9.29 L

Answer
11.

0.164

12.

0.0653 g

13.

)
)

17.7

atm

16.2

atm