Lshort KR

The Not So short
Introduction to LATEX 2
LATEX 2
142 LATEX 2
by Tobias Oetiker
Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl
Version 4.17, September 27, 2005
, , MIKA, ,
4.17-kr, 2005 11 5
ii
Copyright 1995-2002 Tobias Oetiker and all the Contributers to LShort. All
rights reserved.
This document is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this document; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
(free). (FSF) GNU
GPL( ) 2
.
.
. .
GNU GPL .
GNU GPL . Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA .

GNU (FDL) . http:
//www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html

LATEX
2.09 . .
Hubert Partl
<partl@mail.boku.ac.at>
Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universitt fr Bodenkultur Wien
Irene Hyna
<Irene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at>
Bundesministerium fr Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien
Elisabeth Schlegl
<noemail>
in Graz
Jrg Knappen LATEX 2

. CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort/
german
iv
, comp.text.tex
. , ,
.
.
. ,
.
.
Rosemary Bailey, Marc Bevand, Friedemann Brauer, Jan Busa, Markus Brhwiler,
Pietro Braione, David Carlisle, Jos Carlos Santos, Neil Carter, Mike Chapman,
Pierre Chardaire, Christopher Chin, Carl Cerecke, Chris McCormack,
Wim van Dam, Jan Dittberner, Michael John Downes, Matthias Dreier,
David Dureisseix, Elliot, Hans Ehrbar, Daniel Flipo, David Frey, Hans Fugal,
Robin Fairbairns, Jrg Fischer, Erik Frisk, Mic Milic Frederickx, Frank,
Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Griths, Alexandre Guimond, Andy Goth,
Cyril Goutte, Greg Gamble, Frank Fischli, Morten Hgholm, Neil Hammond,
Rasmus Borup Hansen, Joseph Hilferty, Bjrn Hvittfeldt, Martien Hulsen,
Werner Icking, Jakob, Eric Jacoboni, Alan Jerey, Byron Jones, David Jones,
Johannes-Maria Kaltenbach, Michael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec,
Sander de Kievit, Alain Kessi, Christian Kern, Jrg Knappen, Kjetil Kjernsmo,
Maik Lehradt, Rmi Letot, Flori Lambrechts, Axel Liljencrantz, Johan Lundberg,
Alexander Mai, Hendrik Maryns, Martin Maechler, Aleksandar S Milosevic,
Henrik Mitsch, Claus Malten, Kevin Van Maren, Richard Nagy, Philipp Nagele,
Lenimar Nunes de Andrade, Manuel Oetiker, Urs Oswald, Martin Pster,
Demerson Andre Polli, Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Reing,
Mike Ressler, Brian Ripley, Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chris Rowley,
Risto Saarelma, Hanspeter Schmid, Craig Schlenter, Gilles Schintgen,
Baron Schwartz, Christopher Sawtell, Miles Spielberg, Georey Swindale,
Laszlo Szathmary, Boris Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec, Scott Veirs, Didier Verna,
Fabian Wernli, Carl-Gustav Werner, David Woodhouse, Chris York, Fritz Zaucker,
Rick Zaccone, and Mikhail Zotov.

LATEX [1]
.
. LATEX TEX [2]
.
LATEX 2 . LATEX
. LATEX
[1, 3] .
.
1 LATEX 2 . LATEX
. LATEX
.
2 . LATEX
.
.
3 LATEX . LATEX
.
LATEX .
4 , EPS . pdfLATEX
PDF
.
5 LATEX .
LATEX
.
6 LATEX ,
. LATEX
( ) .
vi
. .
.
.
LATEX PC UNIX VMS
. LATEX
. LATEX ,
Local Guide [5] .
.
LATEX
.
, LATEX
LATEX Comprehensive TEX Archive Network(CTAN)
. http://www.ctan.org. ftp ftp:
//www.ctan.org .
. ftp://ftp.ktug.or.kr (), ftp://ctan.
tug.org (), ftp://ftp.dante.de (), ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk ()
.
.
CTAN .
. URL
CTAN: CTAN .
LATEX CTAN:/tex-archive/systems
.

.
LATEX .
Tobias Oetiker
<oetiker@ee.ethz.ch>
Department of Information Technology and

Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
CTAN:/tex-archive/info/lshort .
iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1
TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
5
3.1
EX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
LAT
EX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
6.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
1.2
2
LAT
3.4
17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
viii
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
4.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
4.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
4.3
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
4.4
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
4.5
() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
4.6
(. . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
4.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
4.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
5.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
5.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
5.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
5.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
5.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
11.1
Itemize, Enumerate, Description . . . . . . . . . . .
39
11.2
Flushleft, Flushright, Center . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
11.3
Quote, Quotation, Verse
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
11.4
Abstract
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
11.5
Verbatim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
11.6
Tabular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
ix
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
, , . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
71
EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
Verbatim
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
pdfLATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78
7.1
PDF
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79
7.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
7.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
7.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82
7.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
7.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
85
DVIPDFMx PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
8.1
pdf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
8.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
8.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89
beamer class . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
93
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
93
picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
2.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
2.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
2.6
\multiput \linethickness . . . . . . . . . . . .
98
2.7
. \thinlines \thicklines . . . . .
99
2.8
. . . . . . . . . . . 100
2.9
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
2.10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
x
2.11
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
XY-pic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6 LATEX
1
107
, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
1.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
1.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
1.4
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
1.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.2
! ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
125
Index
127

1.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.3
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
1.4
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
2.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
2.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
2.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
2.6
, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
2.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
3.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
3.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
3.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
3.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
3.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.12 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.13 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
66
3.14 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
3.15 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
3.16 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
xii
3.17 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68
3.18 AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
3.19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
4.1
graphicx key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72
4.2
Index Key
75
6.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.5
TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
8.1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1
fancyhdr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
4.2
beamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91
6.1
Example Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
1.1

LATEX 2 .
LATEX . LATEX

.
1
1.1
TEX
TEX (Donald E. Knuth) [2].

. TEX 1977

.

. TEX 1982 , 1989 8
. TEX

. TEX
3.141592.
TEX tech . ch Ach ch,1
Loch ch . ch chi
1 ch Pech ch
. (Wikipedia)
. TEX . . .
a ch e ch .
tex tyekh .
ach, loch ch .
X . TEX texnologia (technology)

. TEX TeX .
1.2
LATEX
LATEX TEX . LATEX

. LATEX (Leslie Lamport) [1].
LATEX TEX . LATEX (Frank
Mittelbach) .
1994 LATEX3 LATEX
.
LATEX 2.09
. LATEX 2
. LATEX 2 . LATEX 2.09
.
LATEX Lay-tech Lah-tech . LaTeX
. LATEX 2 Lay-tech two e LaTeX2e
.
2
2.1
, ,
.
(: , ,
) .
. .

, , , ,
.
LATEX , LATEX . TEX
. LATEX , (
) .

, LATEX .
WYSIWYG2 , MS Word 3
2 What
you see is what you get.

Corel Word-Perfect []
1.2
,
. WYSIWYG
.
.
LATEX
. LATEX ()
.
.
2.2
.
,
. ? ?
,
. .
.

.
,
.
WYSIWYG
.

LATEX
. LATEX
.
2.3
WYSIWYG LATEX
LATEX ,
.
.
,
.
. LATEX
.
.
.
.

.
.4
, , ,
.
LATEX
. PostScript

. The LATEX
Companion [3] .
LATEX . LATEX
.
LATEX 2 TEX
. TEX
.
LATEX .
, .
;-)
LATEX

,
.5
.

.
4 ,
. []
LATEX3 .
1.3 LATEX
LATEX
LATEX (plain ASCII text).

() .
, LATEX
.
3.1
(whitespace characters), (blank), (tab) LATEX
(:linebreak) .
(paragraph) .

. .

.
It does not matter whether you
enter one or several
spaces
after a word.
It does not matter whether you enter one or

several spaces after a word.
An empty line starts a new paragraph.
An empty line starts a new

paragraph.
3.2
LATEX
.
LATEX
.
#
&
, (\)
.
\# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{}
# $ % & _ { }
{ }

. 25
.
, ,
. \
. \\ ()
(\\)
.6
3.3
LATEX
LATEX
.
\ (letter) .
.
(non-letter) .
LATEX .
{}
. {} LATEX (
) .
I read that Knuth divides the
people working with \TeX{} into
\TeX{}nicians and \TeX perts.\\
Today is \today.
I read that Knuth divides the people working

with TEX into TEXnicians and TEXperts.
Today is 2005 11 5.
(parameter) .
{ } . (optional parameters)
, [ ]
. LATEX .
. .
You can \textsl{lean} on me!
You can lean on me!
Please, start a new line

right here!\newline
Thank you!
Please, start a new line right here!

Thank you!
6 \
$\backslash$ \textbackslash .
1.4
3.4
LATEX % ()
.
.

.
This is an % stupid
% Better: instructive <---example: Supercal%
ifragilist%
icexpialidocious
This is an example: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
%
.
verbatim comment
.7 comment (preamble)
\usepackage{verbatim} .
This is another
\begin{comment}
rather stupid,
but helpful
\end{comment}
example for embedding
comments in your document.
This is another example for embedding comments in your document.
LATEX
. .
\documentclass{...}

. ()
LATEX .
.
7 comment
comment . []
8
\usepackage{...}
,8 .
.
\begin{document}
LATEX .
\end{document}
. LATEX .
.
1.1 LATEX .
1.2 .
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Small is beautiful.
\end{document}
1.1: LATEX
LATEX
. . LATEX
GUI( ) .
LATEX
.
LATEX (graphic) LATEX
.

LATEX .
LATEX .9
1. LATEX .
.
(preamble)

.
\begin{document}
Unix . Unix
, ;-)
8 \documentclass
9
1.5
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
% define the title
\author{H.~Partl}
\title{Minimalism}
\begin{document}
% generates the title
\maketitle
% insert the table of contents
\tableofcontents
\section{Some Interesting Words}
Well, and here begins my lovely article.
\section{Good Bye World}
\ldots{} and here it ends.
\end{document}
1.2:
. ASCII plain text
. .tex .
2. LATEX . .dvi
. LATEX
. LATEX
. Ctrl-D .
latex foo.tex
3. DVI .
.
xdvi foo.dvi &
X Window Unix . (MiKTEX

) yap (Yet Another Previewer) .
dvi PostScript Ghostscript
.
dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps
LATEX dvipdf .dvi
10
pdf .
dvipdf foo.dvi
6
6.1
LATEX
(type). \documentclass
.
\documentclass[options]{class}
class . 1.1
. LATEX 2
. option
.
. 1.2
.
. ,
1.1:
article , , , ,

proc article
minimal . .
.
report (chapter) , ,
.
book .
slides . .
FoilTEX .a
a macros/latex/contrib/foiltex
1.6
11
1.2:
10pt, 11pt, 12pt .
10pt .
a4paper, letterpaper, . . .
. letterpaper
. a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper,
legalpaper .
fleqn
leqno
titlepage, notitlepage
. article
report book .
onecolumn, twocolumn
1 2 .
twoside, oneside
. article report , book
. . , twoside
.
landscape
(landscape) .
openright, openany /
.
(chapter) article
. report
book
.
\documentclass[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article}
LATEX article 11

, A4
.
6.2
LATEX
. ,
, LATEX
. .
12
.
\usepackage[options]{package}
package , options
. LATEX 2
. ( 1.3 .)
.
Local Guide [5] . LATEX The
LATEX Companion [3] .
LATEX 2
.
TEX . Unix
texdoc .
6.3
(header) (footer) (page style) . LATEX

.
\pagestyle{style}
1.4 .
.
\thispagestyle{style}
The LATEX Companion [3] 75 3 4 .
LATEX
. TEX
. .
.
.tex TEX LATEX . latex .
.sty LATEX . \usepackage LATEX
.
1.7
1.3: LATEX
doc LATEX .
doc.dtxa The LATEX Companion [3] .
exscale .
ltexscale.dtx .
fontenc LATEX .
ltoutenc.dtx .
ifthen if. . . then do. . . otherwise do. . .
.
ifthen.dtx The LATEX Companion [3] .
latexsym LATEX (symbol) latexsym
. latexsym.dtx The LATEX Companion [3]
.
makeidx . 74 3 The
LATEX Companion [3] .
syntonly () .
inputenc . ASCII, ISO Latin1, ISO Latin-2, IBM 437/850, ,
, ANSI-, .
inputenc.dtx .
a
.
latex doc.dtx dvi .
.
1.4: LATEX
plain .
.
headings .
. ( .)
empty .
13
14
.dtx TEX . LATEX . .dtx

.dtx LATEX
.
.ins .dtx .
LATEX .dtx .ins .
.ins LATEX .dtx .
.cls . \documentclass
.
.fd LATEX .
LATEX .
.dvi (device independent) . LATEX . DVI
dvips
.
.log
.
.toc . LATEX
.
.lof .toc .
.lot .
.aux
. .aux .
.idx LATEX
. .idx .
makeindex .
74 3 .
.ind .idx
.
.ilg makeindex .
1.8

. LATEX .
\include{lename}
lename.tex
. LATEX lename.tex
.
\includeonly (preamble)
. \include
LATEX .
\includeonly{lename,lename,. . . }
\include
.
.
\include
. \includeonly .
\include
.
.
\input{lename}
.
.
syntonly . LATEX

(DVI) . LATEX
. .
\usepackage{syntonly}
\syntaxonly
DVI (
).
15

LATEX 2
.
.
( )
.
.
.
LATEX
. LATEX
.
LATEX .

. \\
,
.
, .

.
.
.
.
. LATEX
18
.
.
( ) ,
.(
.)
% Example 1
\ldots when Einstein introduced his formula
\begin{equation}
e = m \cdot c^2 \; ,
\end{equation}
which is at the same time the most widely known
and the least well understood physical formula.
% Example 2
\ldots from which follows Kirchhoffs current law:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{k=1}^{n} I_k = 0 \; .
\end{equation}
Kirchhoffs voltage law can be derived \ldots
% Example 3
\ldots which has several advantages.
\begin{equation}
I_D = I_F - I_R
\end{equation}
is the core of a very different transistor model. \ldots
.

. LATEX
. LATEX
. .
.
. (
)
.

.
2.2
.
.
(chapter), (section),
(subsection)
. .
, \section{The Structure of Text and Language}
.
2
2.1
. LATEX
. ,
.
.
. 116
6 3.2 .
LATEX
. .
\\ \newline
.
\\*
.
\newpage
.
\linebreak[n], \nolinebreak[n], \pagebreak[n], \nopagebreak[n]
. 0 4
n . n 4
LATEX .
break new . break
LATEX .
19
20
.
. .
LATEX .
.
LATEX overfull hbox
. LATEX
.1 \sloppy LATEX
.
. underfull
hbox .
. LATEX \fussy
.
2.2
LATEX (hyphenate).
TEX
.
\hyphenation{word list}
-
. LATEX
.
. ,
. \begin{document}
babel , babel
.
hyphenation Hyphenation FORTRAN, Fortran fortran .
.2
:
\hyphenation{FORTRAN Hy-phen-a-tion}
\- .
. (
1L
AT X (overfull hbox)
E
, . \documentclass draft
.
2 (,) . []
2.3
21
) . LATEX
.3
I think this is: su\-per\-cal\-%
i\-frag\-i\-lis\-tic\-ex\-pi\-%
al\-i\-do\-cious
I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
\mbox{text}
.
My phone number will change soon.
It will be \mbox{0116 291 2319}.
The parameter
\mbox{\emph{filename}} should
contain the name of the file.
My phone number will change soon. It will

be 0116 291 2319.
The parameter lename should contain the
name of the le.
\fbox \mbox , .
LATEX
.
\today
2005 11 5
\TeX
\LaTeX
TEX
LATEX
\LaTeXe
LAT
LATEX
4
4.1
EX 2
.
"
. LATEX (grave accent)
3 OT1 CM . babel
T1 .
.

. []
22
(vertical quote) .
.
Please press the x key.
Please press the x key.
LATEX
.
(back-tick grave accent),
(vertical
quote) .
4.2
LATEX .
.
.
daughter-in-law, X-rated\\
pages 13--67\\
yes---or no? \\
$0$, $1$ and $-1$
daughter-in-law, X-rated
pages 1367
yesor no?
0, 1 and 1
- , ,
.4
4.3
()
.5 LATEX
\~ . .
.
http://www.rich.edu/\~{}bush \\
http://www.clever.edu/$\sim$demo
http://www.rich.edu/bush
http://www.clever.edu/demo
url hyperref
\url . hyperref
4 .
. []
5 ()
.[]
2.4
23
.

.
\url{http://people.ktug.or.kr/~karnes/%
demo/lshort-kr/index.html}
4.4
http://people.ktug.or.kr/~karnes/demo/
lshort-kr/index.html
()
LATEX .
Its $-30\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$.
I will soon start to
super-conduct.
Its 30 C. I will soon start to superconduct.
textcomp \textcelsius
.
4.5
()
.
.
textcomp .
\usepackage{textcomp}
.
\texteuro

.
eurosym .
\usepackage[ocial ]{eurosym}
official .

official gen .
( ftp://
ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/win/all .) europs
24
\EUR
.
marvosym
\EUR .
.
2.1:
4.6
package
command
eurosym
\euro
[gen]eurosym
\euro
europs
\EUR
marvosym
\EUR
roman
e
A
C
e
sans-serif
e
A
C
c
typewriter
e
A
C
d
(. . . )
.

.
.
.6
\ldots
Not like this ... but like this:\\

New York, Tokyo, Budapest, \ldots
4.7
Not like this ... but like this:

New York, Tokyo, Budapest, . . .

. (ligature) .
. . . instead of ff fi fl ffi . . .
6
. [
2.4
25
\mbox{}
.
.7
Not shelul
but shelfful
\Large Not shelfful\\

but shelf\mbox{}ful
4.8
LATEX .
2.2 o .
.
i j , \i,
\j .
H\^otel, na\"\i ve, \el\eve,\\

sm\o rrebr\o d, !Se\~norita!,\\
Sch\"onbrunner Schlo\ss{}
Stra\ss e
Htel, nave, lve,

smrrebrd, Seorita!,
Schnbrunner Schlo Strae
2.2:
\o
\=o
\o
\.o
\^o
\"o
\~o
\c c
o
o.
\u o
\d o
\v o
\b o
oo

\H o
\t oo
\c o
\oe
\aa
o
o
\OE
\AA
\ae
\AE
\o
\i
\O
\j
\l
!
\L
?
7 .
. Computer Modern Roman
. []
26
LATEX
.
1. 8 . Johannes
Braams babel
.
2. LATEX .
LATEX . ,
.
Local Guide [5] .
3. . , (:)
.
\documentclass
babel .
\usepackage[language]{babel}

LATEX
. babel
. LATEX
, babel
. .
babel
. ()
. babel \"o "o
.
babel
\usepackage[languageA,languageB ]{babel}
.
\selectlanguage{languageA}

8 ,
2.5
27
.
LATEX inputenc .
\usepackage[encoding]{inputenc}

.
, OS/2 132 , ISO-LATIN 1
228 , cp1251 Cyrillic
.
.
.9
western Latin
Cyrillic
Mac
applemac
macukr
Unix
Windows
DOS, OS/2
latin1
koi8-ru
ansinew
cp1251
cp850
cp866nav

ucs
.
\usepackage{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

utf8 LATEX
.
TEX
.
.
fontenc .
\usepackage[encoding]{fontenc}
encoding .
.
9 inputenc.dtx cyinpenc.dtx
. 77 6 .
28
LATEX OT1
(Computer Modern) TEX . 7
128 .
TEX
.
.
,

.
8 CM
. T1 Extended Cork (EC)
. LH
.
T2A, T2B, T2C, X2
.10 CB
LGR .

. CM ,
CM .
5.1
11
LATEX 12
.
HLATEX
LATEX EUC-KR13
.14 LATEX
10
[11] .
3.20 .
lshort . 4.17
. .
12 , ,
, , .
13 KS X 1001 KS
EUC-KR . MS Windows EUC-KR
CP949( ) EUC-KR
CP949 . CP949
2350 .
. /UTF-8

. HLATEX LATEX
EUC-KR . dhucs .
14 HL
AT X http://project.ktug.or.kr/hlatex/ .
E
11
2.5

. UHC 15 .
dhucs
UTF-8
LATEX .16
27 Dominique Unruh unicode
(ucs ) UTF-8 .
HLATEX
, PDF
. dhucs

, .
hLATEXp, Werner Lemberg CJK
.17 hLATEXp EUC-KR
HLATEX
. CJK EUC-KR
UTF-8 , //
(4.5.1 ) .18
HLATEX, dhucs, hLATEXp
() ,
. .

.
1. . plain
text ASCII .
EUC-KR UTF-8

.
.
15
PostScript type 1 .
(Unied Hangul Code)
(Uns Hangul Composite Fonts)
. .
16 dhucs http://faq.ktug.or.kr/faq/DHUcs/ .
17
http://knot.kaist.ac.kr/htex/ CTAN:/tex-archive/language/
korean/CJK/ .
18 CJK http://faq.ktug.or.kr/faq/CJKLaTeX/
.
29
30
2. .
. HLATEX
type 1 UHC .
dhucs UHC (truetype)
.
LATEX ,
LATEX
.
dhucs
.19
\usepackage[hangul,nonfrench]{dhucs}
dhucs .
hangul
. .
nojosa . beamer .
hanja hangul ,
.
nonfrench nonfrench-spacing . ,
. frenchspacing .
dhucs .
dhucs-interword .
default HWP .
dhucs-setspace .
hangul .
dhucs-gremph \itshape .
bfemph .
, , PDF dhucs
dhucs . dhucs
LATEX
KTUG(Korean TEX User Group) http:
//www.ktug.or.kr http://faq.ktug.or.kr/mywiki .
19
UTF-8 .
2.5
31
2.3:
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
5.2
By Demerson Andre Polli
<polli@linux.ime.usp.br>

.
\usepackage[portuguese]{babel}
brazilian .
.

.
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
.
2.3 .
Mac DOS latin1
. .
5.3
By Daniel Flipo
<daniel.flipo@univ-lille1.fr>
LATEX
. .
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}
babel french
frenchb francais .
32
LATEX
. .
\chapter Chapitre , \today
.
. 2.4 .
2.4:
\og guillemets \fg{}
guillemets
M\up{me}, D\up{r}
Mme , Dr
1\ier{}, 1\iere{}, 1\ieres{}
1er , 1re , 1res
2\ieme{} 4\iemes{}
2e 4es
\No 1, \no 2
No 1, no 2
20~\degres C, 45\degres
20 C, 45
\bsc{M. Durand}
M. Durand
\nombre{1234,56789}
1 234,567 89
. babel
frenchb , frenchb.dtx
LATEX frenchb.dvi .
5.4
LATEX
. .
\usepackage[german]{babel}
, LATEX
. . ,
Chapter Kapitel . inputenc
.
2.5 . Inputenc .
.
(guillemets)
. .
.
.
2.5
33
2.5:
"a
"s
"
"
"< or \flqq
"> or \frqq
\flq
\frq
\dq
"
\flq . OT1
.
T1
.(\usepackage[T1]{fontenc})
5.5
By Maksym Polyakov
<polyama@myrealbox.com>
babel 3.7h , ,
T2* .
LATEX fontenc inputenc
. mathtext
fontenc .20
\usepackage{mathtext}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage[koi8-ru]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english,bulgarian,russian,ukranian]{babel}
babel
.
.
.
babel
.
babel , , ,
(\frenchspacing ) ,
, .
20 A
MS-LATEX fontenc babel .
34
. (
), ,
2.6 .
2.6: babel , ,

"|
disable ligature at this position.
"an explicit hyphen sign, allowing hyphenation in the rest of the word.
"--- Cyrillic emdash in plain text.
"--~ Cyrillic emdash in compound names (surnames).
"--* Cyrillic emdash for denoting direct speech.
""
like "-, but producing no hyphen sign (for compound words with hyphen, e.g.x-""y or some other signs as disable/enable).
"~
for a compound word mark without a breakpoint.
"=
for a compound word mark with a breakpoint, allowing hyphenation
in the composing words.
",
thinspace for initials with a breakpoint in following surname.
"
for German left double quotes (looks like ,,).
"
for German right double quotes (looks like ).
"<
for French left double quotes (looks like <<).
">
for French right double quotes (looks like >>).
babel , \Asbuk \asbuk

. \Alph \alph
(
) .
\enumBul \enumLat (\enumEng) . \enumBul
\Alph \alph
. \enumEng
. .
LATEX
.
. LATEX ,
.
.
.

2.7 ,
35
. ~ .
\@
.
Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\

cf.~Fig.~5\\
I like BASIC\@. What about you?
Mr. Smith was happy to see her

cf. Fig. 5
I like BASIC. What about you?
\frenchspacing
LATEX
.

. \frenchspacing \@
.
, (chapter), (section),
(subsection) . LATEX
.
.
article .
\section{...}
\subsection{...}
\subsubsection{...}
\paragraph{...}
\subparagraph{...}
(part)
.
\part{...}
report book
36
.
\chapter{...}
article , article
. ,
LATEX .
.
\part .
\appendix ,
.21
LATEX .
.
.
\tableofcontents

. . LATEX
.
.
*
. , \section{Help}
\section*{Help} .
.
.
.
\chapter[Title for the table of contents]{A long
and especially boring title, shown in the text}
.
\maketitle
.
\title{...}, \author{...} \date{...}
\maketitle . \author
21 article
2.8
37
\and .
9 1.2 .
LATEX 2 book
,
.
.
\frontmatter \begin{document} .

.(: \chapter*{Preface})
.
\mainmatter .
.
\appendix .
.
\backmatter ,
. .
, , , ,
. LATEX .
\label{marker }, \ref{marker } and \pageref{marker }
marker . LATEX \ref

\label , , , ,
. \pageref \label .22
.
A reference to this subsection
\label{sec:this} looks like:
see section~\ref{sec:this} on
page~\pageref{sec:this}.
A reference to this subsection looks like: see

section 8 on page 37.
22 . \label
.
38
.
\footnote{footnote text}
.
23 . ,
.24
Footnotes\footnote{This is
a footnote.} are often used
by people using \LaTeX.
10
Footnotesa are often used by people using

LATEX.
a This
is a footnote.
.
\underline{text}
.26 LATEX
.
\emph{text}
.
\emph{If you use
emphasizing inside a piece
of emphasized text, then
\LaTeX{} uses the
\emph{normal} font for
emphasizing.}
23
If you use emphasizing inside a piece of emphasized text, then LATEX uses the normal font
for emphasizing.
.
.
. .
.
?25
25
. \footnotemark \footnotetext{...}
, . []
.
26
( , ) . []
24
2.11
39

LATEX
.
\textit{You can also
\emph{emphasize} text if
it is set in italics,}
\textsf{in a
\emph{sans-serif} font,}
\texttt{or in
\emph{typewriter} style.}
11
You can also emphasize text if it is set in

italics, in a sans-serif font, or in typewriter
style.
\begin{environment}
text
\end{environment}
environment .
.
\begin{aaa}...\begin{bbb}...\end{bbb}...\end{aaa}
.
11.1
Itemize, Enumerate, Description
Itemize , enumerate , description

.
\flushleft
\begin{enumerate}
\item You can mix the list
environments to your taste:
\begin{itemize}
\item But it might start to
look silly.
\item[-] With a dash.
\end{itemize}
\item Therefore remember:
\begin{description}
\item[Stupid] things will not
become smart because they are
in a list.
\item[Smart] things, though, can be
presented beautifully in a list.
\end{description}
\end{enumerate}
1. You can mix the list environments to

your taste:
But it might start to look silly.
- With a dash.
2. Therefore remember:
Stupid things will not become smart
because they are in a list.
Smart things, though, can be
presented beautifully in a list.
40
11.2
Flushleft, Flushright, Center
Flushleft flushright
. Center . \\
LATEX .
\begin{flushleft}
This text is\\ left-aligned.
\LaTeX{} is not trying to make
each line the same length.
\end{flushleft}
\begin{flushright}
This text is right-\\aligned.
\LaTeX{} is not trying to make
\end{flushright}
This text is
left-aligned. LATEX is not trying to make
This text is rightaligned. LATEX is not trying to make each

line the same length.
\begin{center}
At the centre\\of the earth
\end{center}
11.3
At the centre
of the earth
Quote, Quotation, Verse
Quote , .
A typographical rule of thumb
for the line length is:
\begin{quote}
On average, no line should
be longer than 66 characters.
\end{quote}
This is why \LaTeX{} pages have
such large borders by default and
also why multicolumn print is
used in newspapers.
A typographical rule of thumb for the line

length is:
On average, no line should be
longer than 66 characters.
This is why LATEX pages have such large borders by default and also why multicolumn
print is used in newspapers.
quotation verse . quotation

. verse . \\
, .
2.11
I know only one English poem by
heart. It is about Humpty Dumpty.
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{verse}
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:\\
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.\\
All the Kings horses and all
the Kings men\\
Couldnt put Humpty together
again.
\end{verse}
\end{flushleft}
11.4
41
I know only one English poem by heart. It is

about Humpty Dumpty.
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall:
Humpty Dumpty had a great
fall.
All the Kings horses and all the
Kings men
Couldnt put Humpty together
again.
Abstract

. LATEX abstract .
abstract article .
\begin{abstract}
The abstract abstract.
\end{abstract}
11.5
The abstract abstract.
Verbatim
\begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim}
LATEX
.
.
\verb+text+
+ , *
. LATEX .
The \verb|\ldots| command \ldots
The \ldots command . . .
\begin{verbatim}
10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";
20 GOTO 10
\end{verbatim}
10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD ";

20 GOTO 10
42
\begin{verbatim*}
the starred version of
the
verbatim
environment emphasizes
the spaces
in the text
\end{verbatim*}
thestarredversionof
theverbatim
environmentemphasizes
thespacesinthetext
\verb \verbatim* * .
\verb*|like
this :-) |
likethis:-)
verbatim \verb .
11.6
Tabular
tabular .
. LATEX .
tabular .
\begin{tabular}[pos]{table spec}
table spec . l
, r , c .
p{width } . l .
, LATEX
. p{width }
.
pos
. t , b , c (top), (bottom),
(center) .
tabular & , \\ , \hline
. \cline{j -i }
. i j .
\begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
\hline
7C0 & hexadecimal \\
3700 & octal \\ \cline{2-2}
11111000000 & binary \\
\hline \hline
1984 & decimal \\
\hline
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7C0
3700
11111000000
1984
hexadecimal
octal
binary
decimal
2.11
\begin{tabular}{|p{4.7cm}|}
\hline
Welcome to Boxys paragraph.
We sincerely hope youll
all enjoy the show.\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
43
Welcome to Boxys paragraph.

We sincerely hope youll all enjoy the show.
@{...} .
.
.
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.
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no leading space\\
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leading space left and right\\
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no leading space
leading space left and right
LATEX 27
. ,
.
\begin{tabular} @{.} .
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.
\multicolumn .
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Pi expression
&
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Value} \\
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$\pi$
& 3&1416 \\
$\pi^{\pi}$
& 36&46
\\
$(\pi^{\pi})^{\pi}$ & 80662&7 \\
\end{tabular}
27
Pi expression
( )
Value
3.1416
36.46
80662.7
tools dcolumn .
44
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
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Mene & Muh! \\
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Ene
Mene Muh!
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12
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28
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29
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47

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100~m$^{3}$ of water\\[6pt]
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50

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51
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3 amsmath \text .
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52
.
63 10 .
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3.3
53
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54
$1\frac{1}{2}$~hours
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amsmath
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3.3
55
\{
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65 3.8 .
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56
5 .
\begin{displaymath}
x_{1},\ldots,x_{n} \qquad
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6 11pt 12pt
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56
TEX ,
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57
x11
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equation eqnarray
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58
.
.
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{\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
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3.7
59
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9A
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60
, , . . .
, (Lemma), (Denition), (Axiom)

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% definitions for the document
% preamble
\newtheorem{law}{Law}
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%in the document
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Dont hide in the witness box
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.
3.9
\flushleft
\newtheorem{mur}{Murphy}[section]
\begin{mur}
If there are two or more
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someone will do it.\end{mur}
61
Murphy 8.1 If there are two or more ways

to do something, and one of those ways can
result in a catastrophe, then someone will do
it.
. chapter subsection .
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62
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10
63
.

3.123.16 10 amssymb
AMS .
AMS macros/latex/amslatex
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.
3.1:
a
a
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a
\hat{a}
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a
~a
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\vec{a}
b
A
\tilde{a}
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\widehat{A}
e
A
\acute{a}
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3.2:
\alpha
\beta
\gamma
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\epsilon
\varepsilon
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\eta
\theta
\vartheta
\iota
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\lambda
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\nu
\xi
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\pi
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3.3:
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10 David Carlisle Josef Tkadlec

symbols.tex .
64
3.4:
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3
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6=
latexsym .
3.5:
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+
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3.10
P
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65
3.6:
W
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S
T
F
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L
N
J
U
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3.7:
(
)
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7
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66
3.10:
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3.11:
.
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3.12: AMS
p
|
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k
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3.13: AMS
z
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3.10
67
3.14: AMS
l
6
0
5
.
/
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\fallingdotseq
\eqcirc
\circeq
\triangleq
\bumpeq
\Bumpeq
\thicksim
\thickapprox
4
2
w
j
b
<
p
`
C
E
\preccurlyeq
\curlyeqprec
\precsim
\precapprox
\subseteqq
\Subset
\sqsubset
\therefore
\shortmid
\smallsmile
\vartriangleleft
\trianglelefteq
<
3
%
v
k
c
=
q
a
B
D
\succcurlyeq
\curlyeqsucc
\succsim
\succapprox
\supseteqq
\Supset
\sqsupset
\because
\shortparallel
\smallfrown
\vartriangleright
\trianglerighteq
u
v
w
G
t
J
I
\approxeq
\backsim
\backsimeq
\vDash
\Vdash
\Vvdash
\backepsilon
\varpropto
\between
\pitchfork
\blacktriangleleft
\blacktriangleright
3.15: AMS
L99
"
x
\dashleftarrow
\leftleftarrows
\leftrightarrows
\Lleftarrow
\twoheadleftarrow
\leftarrowtail
\leftrightharpoons
\Lsh
\looparrowleft
\curvearrowleft
\circlearrowleft
99K
#
y
\dashrightarrow
\rightrightarrows
\rightleftarrows
\Rrightarrow
\twoheadrightarrow
\rightarrowtail
\rightleftharpoons
\Rsh
\looparrowright
\curvearrowright
\circlearrowright
\multimap
\upuparrows
\downdownarrows
\upharpoonleft
\upharpoonright
\downharpoonleft
\downharpoonright
\rightsquigarrow
\leftrightsquigarrow
68
3.16: AMS
*
$
\nless
\lneq
\nleq
\nleqslant
\lneqq
\lvertneqq
\nleqq
\lnsim
\lnapprox
\nprec
\npreceq
\precneqq
\precnsim
\precnapprox
\subsetneq
\varsubsetneq
\nsubseteq
\subsetneqq

)
!
+
%
\ngtr
\gneq
\ngeq
\ngeqslant
\gneqq
\gvertneqq
\ngeqq
\gnsim
\gnapprox
\nsucc
\nsucceq
\succneqq
\succnsim
\succnapprox
\supsetneq
\varsupsetneq
\nsupseteq
\supsetneqq
&
'
"
#
.
/

0
2
1
3
6
7
5
4
\varsubsetneqq
\varsupsetneqq
\nsubseteqq
\nsupseteqq
\nmid
\nparallel
\nshortmid
\nshortparallel
\nsim
\ncong
\nvdash
\nvDash
\nVdash
\nVDash
\ntriangleleft
\ntriangleright
\ntrianglelefteq
\ntrianglerighteq
8
:
\nleftarrow
\nLeftarrow
9
;
\nrightarrow
\nRightarrow
=
<
\nleftrightarrow
\nLeftrightarrow

(
3.17: AMS
u
n
d
Y
h
g
\dotplus
\ltimes
\Cup or \doublecup
\veebar
\boxplus
\boxtimes
\leftthreetimes
\curlyvee
o
e
Z
i
f
\centerdot
\rtimes
\Cap or \doublecap
\barwedge
\boxminus
\boxdot
\rightthreetimes
\curlywedge
|
>
r
[
}
~
\intercal
\divideontimes
\smallsetminus
\doublebarwedge
\circleddash
\circledcirc
\circledast
3.10
69
3.18: AMS
~
M
O

@
\hbar
\square
\vartriangle
\triangledown
\lozenge
\angle
\diagup
\nexists
\eth
N
H
]

`
0
\hslash
\blacksquare
\blacktriangle
\blacktriangledown
\blacklozenge
\measuredangle
\diagdown
\Finv
\mho
k
s
{
a
F
^
8
\Bbbk
\circledS
\complement
\Game
\bigstar
\sphericalangle
\backprime
\varnothing
3.19:
ABCDEabcde1234
ABCDEabcde1234
ABCDEabcde
ABCDE
A BC DE
ABCDEabcde1234
ABCDEa1234
\mathrm{ABCDE abcde 1234}

\mathit{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathnormal{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathcal{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathscr{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathfrak{ABCDE abcde 1234}
\mathbb{ABCDE abcde 1234}
mathrsfs
amsfonts or amssymb
amsfonts or amssymb

LATEX ,
. LATEX
LATEX Manual [1] The LATEX Companion [3]
.
EPS
LATEX
. figure table .
LATEX LATEX
5 .
The LATEX Companion [3] LATEX Manual [1]
.
, 1
LATEX .
LATEX .
PostScript (EPS)
. EPS PostScript
2 .
D. P. Carlisle graphicx
. graphics 3 .
1 XFig,
CorelDraw!, Freehand, Gnuplot, . . . .

GhostScript .
support/ghostscript . (Windows) OS/2 GSview
.
3 macros/latex/graphics
2 PostScript
72
PostScript graphicx
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.
1. EPS .4
2. graphicx .
\usepackage[driver ]{graphicx}
driver dvi postscript .

dvips. TEX
driver
. driver graphicx
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.eps .
3. le .
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key value
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4.1: graphicx key

width
height
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scale
.
\begin{figure}
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4 EPS PostScript
EPS . Apple LaserWriter
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EPS . EPS
.
4.2
73
\includegraphics[angle=90, width=0.5\textwidth]{test}
\caption{A caption, explaining that this is a test.}
\end{figure}
test.eps .
90 ,
0.5
.
.
. 118 6.5 .
[9] [13] .
thebibliography (bibliography)
.
\bibitem[label ]{marker }
.
marker .
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Partl [1] has proposed that . . .
Partl~\cite{pa} has
proposed that \ldots
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{pa} H.~Partl:
\emph{German \TeX},
TUGboat Volume~9, Issue~1 (1988)
\end{thebibliography}
Bibliography
[1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat Volume 9, Issue 1 (1988)
label .
\begin{thebibliography}
. {99}
74
99 ( ) LATEX
.5
BibTEX .
TEX BibTEX . BibTEX
,
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() (style sheets)
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(index) . LATEX
makeindex6 .
.
The LATEX Companion [3] .
LATEX , (preamble) makeidx
\usepackage{makeidx}
,
\makeindex
.

\index{key}
. key .
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. \index
. 4.2 key .
LATEX \index
, LATEX .idx
5
widest-label . widest-label
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. \cite
label . []
6 8 makeidx.
4.4
75
4.2: Index Key
\index{hello}
\index{hello!Peter}
\index{Sam@\textsl{Sam}}
\index{Lin@\textbf{Lin}}
\index{Jenny|textbf}
\index{Joe|textit}
\index{eolienne@\eolienne}

hello, 1
Peter, 3
Sam, 2
Lin, 7
Jenny, 3
Joe, 5
olienne, 4

hello

(accents)
. .idx makeindex
,
makeindex lename
makeindex , .ind
. LATEX ,

\printindex
.
LATEX 2 showidx
. .
\index
.
My Word \index{Word}. As opposed
to Word\index{Word}. Note the
position of the full stop.
My Word . As opposed to Word. Note the

position of the full stop.
Piet van Oostrum fancyhdr 7

8 .
.
7 CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr
8
.
header footer () . []
76
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
% with this we ensure that the chapter and section
% headings are in lowercase.
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current setting for header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % make space for the rule
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead{} % get rid of headers on plain pages
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % and the line
}
4.1: fancyhdr

. , LATEX 2
.
\rightmark \leftmark
. .
\chapter \rightmark, \leftmark
. \chaptermark,
\sectionmark \subsectionmark , \rightmark
\markleft .
, chapter , \chaptermark
(renew) .
fancyhdr . 4.1
. .
Verbatim
verbatim . verbatim
. verbatim verbatim
verbatim .
4.6 LATEX
, verbatim
,
. verbatim .
\verbatiminput{lename}
(ACSCII text) , verbatim

.
verbatim tools ,
.
[10] .
LATEX
LATEX
. .
CTAN(http://www.ctan.org/)
.
geometry, hyphenat
. .ins .dtx
. readme.txt
, .
. (a) TEX
, (b)
. .
1. LATEX .ins . .sty
.
2. .sty TEX
. .../localtexmf /tex/latex
. ( OS/2
.9 )
3. . LATEX
. teTeX, fpTeX texhash web2c
mktexlsr. MiKTeX initexmf -update-fndb
GUI 10 .
9 UNIX (/)
. OS/2 . []
10 MiKTeX Options mo . []
77
78
.dtx .
1. .dtx LATEX . .dvi

. LATEX
.
2. LATEX .idx .
5
.
3. .
makeindex -s gind.ist name
(name
.)
4. .dtx LATEX .
5. . .ps .pdf
.
.glo(glossary) . 4
5 .
makeindex -s gglo.ist -o name.gls name.glo
5 .dtx LATEX
.
7
By Daniel Flipo
pdfLATEX
<Daniel.Flipo@univ- lille1.fr>
PDF (hypertext) .
(hyperlink)
.
. LATEX \ref \pageref
. (table of content), (index)
.
HTML(HyperText Markup Language)
.
.
1. HTML .
4.7 pdf LATEX

,11
.
2. HTML , ( O/S,
) .
LATEX
.
LATEX HTML .
LATEX
.
. LATEX
.
PDF(Portable
Document Format) .
.
PDF .
(O/S) DVI PS ,
PDF Acrobat Reader Xpdf .
PDF ,
.
7.1
PDF
LATEX PDF , Hn Th Thnh

pdfTEX . TEX DVI
pdfTEX PDF . LATEX pdfLATEX .
pdfTEX pdfLATEX teTEX, fpTEX, MikTEX, TEXLive, CMacTEX
TEX .
DVI PDF , (command line) latex file.tex
pdflatex file.tex .
TEX
.
LATEX documentclass a4paper letterpaper
. pdfLATEX . pdfTEX pdf
.
11 MathML
. []
79
80
hyperref 12 .
.
\pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth
\pdfpageheight=\paperheight
LATEX pdfLATEX
. , ,
.
7.2
pdfLATEX (PK bitmaps, TrueType, PostScript type 1. . . )

, LATEX PK ,
Acrobot Reader .
PostScript Type 1
TX
.
.
E
Computer Modern AMSFonts PostScript Type 1 Blue

Sky Research Y&Y, Inc. ,
. 1997
TEX .
, LATEX EC, LH CB
(28 OT1 ). Vladimir Volovich
EC/TC, EC Concrete, EC Bright, LH cmsuper . CTAN:/tex-archive//fonts/
ps-type1/cm-super , TEXLive7 MikTEX
. CB Greek type 1 Apostolos Syropoulos
CTAN:/tex-archive//tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb
. Blue Sky Y&Y Type1
CM . (auto-hinting)
Blue Sky/Y&Y type 1 CM
,
EC/LH/CB .
, .
aeguill (Almost European Computer Modern with Guillemets)
. \usepackage{aeguill}
EC AE .
12 82
4.7 pdf LATEX

mltex . pdfTEX
mltex .13
MlTEX AE CM
EC 256 TEX
CM type 1
. T1
. AE
Acrobat Reader (Find) .
PDF
.
C1 . ftp://ftp.
vsu.ru/pub/tex/font-packs/c1fonts . CTAN
Bluesky CM type 1 Paradissa
BaKoMa CMCYR type 1 . Paradissa
C1 .
CM PostScript type 1
. Acrobat Reader
.
. CM
.
times, helvetica, courier (
)
.
CM PostScript
. palatino pxfonts times
txfonts .
.
\usepackage{pxfonts}
: .log le .
Warning: pdftex (file eurmo10): Font eurmo10 at ... not found
.
PDF
.
, type 1 CM
EC . ,
13 mltex
CTAN:/tex-archive/systems/generic/mltex . []
81
82
Latin Modern(LM) .
TEX
(preamble) .
\userpackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{textcomp}
PDF .
7.3
71 graphicx . pdfLATEX
pdftex driver .
\usepackage[pdftex]{color,graphicx}

color .
PostScript (EPS) PdfLATEX
. \includegraphics
graphicx driver . pdftex
.png, .pdf, .jpg, .mps(METAPOST)
.
, .eps

epstopdf EPS PDF .
.
(, ) . , PDF
PNG JPEG . PNG
. JPEG ,
.
METAPOST
. METAPOST
TEX , .
7.4
hyperref .
\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}
.

hyperref .
4.7 pdf LATEX

pdftex
\hypersetup{options} .
pdftex.
, hyperref
.14 (default values)
, .
bookmarks (=true,false ) .
unicode (=false,true ) Acrobat
.
pdftoolbar (=true,false ) Acrobat (toolbar) .
pdfmenubar (=true,false ) Acrobat .
pdffitwindow (=true,false ) pdf .
pdftitle (={text}) Acrobat Document Info
.
pdfauthor (={text}) PDF .
pdfnewwindow (=true,false )
.
colorlinks (=false,true ) (false) link
, (true) link . link
. (
.)
linkcolor (=red) sections, pages
citecolor (=green) bibliography
filecolor (=magenta) link
urlcolor (=cyan) e-mail, web URL
, .
14 hyperref pdfT X . L
AT X DVI
E
E
PDF special dvips PS
Adobe Distiller PS PDF .
83
84
, .
\usepackage[pdftex,bookmarks,colorlinks]{hyperref}
PDF .
.
.
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=false}
.
\usepackage{hyperref}
\hypersetup{colorlinks,%
citecolor=black,%
filecolor=black,%
linkcolor=black,%
urlcolor=black,%
pdftex}
PDF Document Info
.
\usepackage[pdfauthor={Pierre Desproges},%
pdftitle={Des femmes qui tombent},%
pdftex]{hyperref}

.
\href{url }{text}
.
The \href{http://www.ctan.org}{CTAN} website.
CTAN . CTAN CTAN
.
, URL \href

\href{manual.pdf}{} .
4.7 pdf LATEX

. .
, , manual.pdf . (
.)
\author \href
.
\author{Mary Oetiker $<$\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}%
{mary@oetiker.ch}$>$
.
\href{mailto:mary@oetiker.ch}{Mary Oetiker}
Acrobat ,
.
7.5
.
! pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier
(name{page.1}) has been already used, duplicate ignored
. , book
\mainmatter
(chapter) 1 . , (preface)
1 , page 1
.
hyperref plainpages=false
. .
hypertexnames=false
(index) .
7.6
(bookmark) .

LATEX . hyperref
.
Package hyperref Warning:
Token not allowed in a PDFDocEncoded string:
85
86

.
\texorpdfstring{TEX text}{Bookmark Text}
.
\section{\texorpdfstring{$E=mc^2$}%
{E\ =\ mc\texttwosuperior}}
\section{$E=mc^2$} E=mc
.
.
\section{\textcolor{red}{Red !}}
redRed! . \textcolor
(red) .

\section{\texorpdfstring{\textcolor{red}{Red !}}{Red\ !}}
.
7.6.1
LATEX pdf LATEX
LATEX pdfLATEX
.
. \includegraphics
.

. ,
. LATEX .eps
, pdfLATEX .png, .pdf, .jpg, .mps .
PDF ifpdf 15
. .
MiKTEX
. \ifpdf
.
PostScript PDF
.
15 , T X FAQ http://www.tex.ac.uk/
E
cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=ifpdf .
4.8 DVIPDFMx PDF

\ifpdf
\usepackage{aeguill}
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx,color}
\usepackage[pdftex,colorlinks]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage[dvips]{hyperref}
\fi
, PDF hyperref
\href .
\href
.
TEXLive , graphics.cfg color.cfg
pdftex dvips graphicx color
.
DVIPDFMx PDF 16
By KTUG lshort translation project team
<info@mail.ktug.or.kr>
pdfLATEX pdf
.
1. pdfLATEX pdf
.
2. .ttc (embed)
.
3. HLATEX pdf (
) .

. dhucs
pdfLATEX pdf .
.17
16
.
EX 1.0 hfont hangul hyperref
. (
) pdf
.
17 HL
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87
88
pdfTEX .18
pdf DVIPDFMx
. Mark Wicks dvipdfm (ChoF)
. http://project.ktug.
or.kr/dvipdfmx . MiKTEX W32TEX
MiKTEX
KTUG ftp .
. DVIPDFMx
Metapost , ConTeXt , PDF
.
DVIPDFMx pdf 2 .
dvi pdf pdfTEX LATEX
dvi dvi pdf .19
pdf .
#> latex foo
#> dvipdfmx foo
8.1
pdf
pdf DVIPDFMx
\special . dhucs
.
\usepackage{dhucs-ucshyper}
hyperref hyperref
. hyperref \hypersetup
.
DVIPDFMx tounicode
. UTF8-UCS2 CMap TEX
CMap 20 texhash .
\usepackage[dvipdfm,...,CJKbookmarks,...]{hyperref}
\AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf: tounicode UTF8-UCS2}}
18 pdfT X subfont
E
. subfont
pdfTEX
.
19 pdf 3 latex dvi dvi dvips ps
Adobe Distiller GhostScript ps2pdf pdf .
20 teT X 3.0 fonts/cmap . []
E
4.8 DVIPDFMx PDF

hyperref
. dvipdfm(dvipdfmx )
CJKbookmarks bookmarks .
dvi pdf special . tounicode pdf
. CMap
pdf .
8.2
DVIPDFMx .eps
.pdf .
pdfLATEX
.pdf .png, .jpg .
.
\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}
graphicx dvipdfm
. DVIPDFMx dvipdfmx

.
\usepackage{graphicx}
\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.jpg,.pdf}
\DeclareGraphicsRule{.jpg}{eps}{.bb}{}
jpg, png, pdf .bb
(bounding box) .
ebb .
#> ebb foo.pdf
foo.pdf foo.bb .
8.3
PostScript UHC 21
. pdf
. UHC PostScript
22 . GPL
21 HL
AT
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22 http://faq.ktug.or.kr/faq/
http://kldp.net/projects/unfonts
89
90
. KTUG(http:
//www.ktug.or.kr) .
DVIPDFMx pdfTEX

. 9
beamer pdfLATEX
pstricks PostScript DVIPDFMx
.23 pstricks prosper .
9
By Daniel Flipo
beamer class
<Daniel.Flipo@univ- lille1.fr>
(OHP)
,
.
beamer pdfLATEX PDF
. PowerPoint
, Acrobat Reader
.
beamer graphicx, color,
hyperref .
4.2 PDFLATEX , PDF
.
.
prosper PostScript . ppower4
. beamer
PDF .
beamer ,
. (<, >)
.
.
beamer PDF
trans
23 pstricks
DVIPDFMx pdfTEX .
dvips 3 .
pdftricks pdfLATEX DVIPDFMx pstricks
.
4.9 beamer class

\documentclass[10pt]{beamer}
\mode<beamer>{%
\usetheme[hideothersubsections,right,width=22mm]{Goettingen}
}
\title{Simple Presentation}
\author[D. Flipo]{Daniel Flipo}
\institute{U.S.T.L. \& GUTenberg}
\titlegraphic{\includegraphics[width=20mm]{USTL}}
\date{2005}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}<handout:0>
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\section{An Example}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Things to do on a Sunday Afternoon}
\begin{block}{One could \ldots}
\begin{itemize}
\item walk the dog\dots \pause
\item read a book\pause
\item confuse a cat\pause
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
and many other things
\end{frame}
\end{document}
4.2: beamer
handout
beamer, .
\documentclass[10pt,handout]{beamer}
.
. beamer
, .
beamer beameruserguide.pdf .
4.2 .
91
92
\mode<beamer>
(navigation panel) Goettingen .
( 22mm) ( )
. hideothersubsections (chapter)
(subsection) . \mode<trans>
\mode<handout> .
\title{}, \author{}, \institute{}, \titlegraphic{}
. \title[]{} \author[]{} Goettingen .
\section{}, \subsection{}
.
frame

. .
frame . (<, >)

. <handout:0>
(handout) .

. \frametitle{} . (subtitle)
, block . \section{},
\subsection{}
.
itemize \pause . \only,
\uncover, \alt , \temporal
. (<, >)
.
, beamer beameruserguide.pdf
.
, beamer
http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/ .

LATEX .
. ,
LATEX .
LATEX .
.
picture LATEX
. LATEX Manual [1] .

. , LATEX picture \qbezier
q 2(quadratic) .
2 (quadratic
Bzier curve) . ,
Java LATEX \qbezier
picture .
LATEX
, .
,
.
epic eepic (The LATEX Companion [3] ) pstricks
picture LATEX
.
picture pstricks
94
pspicture . pstricks
PostScript
. ,
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LATEX METAPOST
. METAFONT . METAPOST
METAFONT
. METAPOST METAFONT
PostScript (EPS) .
LATEX .
A Users Manual for MetaPost [15] [17]
.
LATEX TEX ( )
TEX Unbound [16] .
picture
By Urs Oswald
<osurs@bluewin.ch>
2.1
picture 1 .
\begin{picture}(x, y). . . \end{picture}
\begin{picture}(x, y)(x0 , y0 ). . . \end{picture}
x, y, x0 , y0 \unitlength .
picture .
\setlength{\unitlength}{1.2cm}
\unitlength 1pt. (x, y)

. (x0 , y0 )
1 , picture . L
AT X 2
E
.
5.2 picture
95
,
.
.
\put(x, y){object}
\multiput(x, y)(x, y){n}{object}
Bzier . .
\qbezier(x1 , y1 )(x2 , y2 )(x3 , y3 )
2.2
\setlength{\unitlength}{5cm}
\begin{picture}(1,1)
\put(0,0){\line(0,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,0){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,2){.5}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,3){.3333}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,4){.25}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,5){.2}}
\put(0,0){\line(1,6){.1667}}
\put(0,0){\line(2,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(2,3){.6667}}
\put(0,0){\line(2,5){.4}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,2){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,4){.75}}
\put(0,0){\line(3,5){.6}}
\put(0,0){\line(4,1){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(4,3){1}}
\put(0,0){\line(4,5){.8}}
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99
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2.8
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).
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102
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x = m2 x2 m1 x1 (y2 y1 ) ,
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y = yi + mi (x xi )
(i = 1, 2).
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\qbezier Java Graphics in LATEX 2 [17]

.
2.10
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5.3 XY-pic
103
1
.
\begin{picture} .
picture .
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(2.5, 0.25)
.
2.11
\begin{picture}(6,4)(-3,-2)
\put(-2.5,0){\vector(1,0){5}}
\put(2.7,-0.1){$\chi$}
\put(0,-1.5){\vector(0,1){3}}
\multiput(-2.5,1)(0.4,0){13}
{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\multiput(-2.5,-1)(0.4,0){13}
{\line(1,0){0.2}}
\put(0.2,1.4)
{$\beta=v/c=\tanh\chi$}
\qbezier(0,0)(0.8853,0.8853)
(2,0.9640)
\qbezier(0,0)(-0.8853,-0.8853)
(-2,-0.9640)
\put(-3,-2){\circle*{0.2}}
\end{picture}
= v/c = tanh
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(3, 2)
( ).
3 XY-pic
By Alberto Manuel Brando Simes
<albie@alfarrabio.di.uminho.pt>
xy .
.
\usepackage[options]{xy}
options XY-pic
104
. . all
LATEX XY .
XY-pic .
.
\begin{displaymath}
\xymatrix{A & B \\
C & D }
\end{displaymath}
\xymatrix . 22
. \ar
.
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D \ar[u] & C \ar[l] }
\end{displaymath}
/B
AO
Do
.
(up, down, right, left) .
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D
& C }
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B
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B
C
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5.3 XY-pic
105
\begin{displaymath}
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A \ar[r]^f \ar[d]_g &
B \ar[d]^{g} \\
D \ar[r]_{f}
& C }
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\bullet\ar@{~/}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@{^{(}->}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@2{->}[rr] && \bullet\\
\bullet\ar@3{->}[rr] && \bullet\\
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&& \bullet
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+3
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106
.
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\bullet
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LATEX

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LATEX
108
lscommand
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1.1
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Introduction to LATEX 2 " .
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so Short Introduction to
\LaTeXe}
This is \tnss \ldots{}
\tnss
This is The not so Short Introduction to

LATEX 2 . . . The not so Short Introduction
to LATEX 2
num . #1
. ,
#2 .
\newcommand{\txsit}[1]
{This is the \emph{#1} Short
Introduction to \LaTeXe}
% in the document body:
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\item \txsit{not so}
\item \txsit{very}
\end{itemize}
This is the not so Short Introduction

to LATEX 2
This is the very Short Introduction to
LATEX 2
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6.1 , ,
109
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1.2
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{\hspace{\stretch{1}}%
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My humble subjects . . .
\begin{king}
My humble subjects \ldots
\end{king}
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1.3

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LATEX
110

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.
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{\noindent}%
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{\par\noindent\ignorespacesafterend}
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No space\\to the left.
\end{correct}
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1.4
See the space

to the left.
Same
here.
No space
to the left.
Same
here.
LATEX
Unix
Makefile .
LATEX
.
.
\usepackage{ifthen}
\ifthenelse{\equal{\blackandwhite}{true}}{
% "black and white" mode; do something..
}{
% "color" mode; do something different..
}
LATEX .
latex \newcommand{\blackandwhite}{true}\input{test.tex}
6.2
111
\blackandwhite \input
. \blackandwhite false
. \blackandwhite

.
1.5
,
. LATEX
. \usepackage
.
% Demo Package by Tobias Oetiker
\ProvidesPackage{demopack}
\newcommand{\tnss}{The not so Short Introduction to \LaTeXe}
\newcommand{\txsit}[1]{The \emph{#1} Short
Introduction to \LaTeXe}
\newenvironment{king}{\begin{quote}}{\end{quote}}
6.1: Example Package.

. .sty .
,
\ProvidesPackage{package name}
. \ProvidesPackage
LATEX ,
.
6.1
.
2
2.1
LATEX (/, , . . . )
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LATEX
112
. 6.1 6.2 .
,
.
6.3 .
{\small The small and
\textbf{bold} Romans ruled}
{\Large all of great big
\textit{Italy}.}
The small and bold Romans ruled
great big Italy.
all of
LATEX 2 .
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6.4 .
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6.1:
\textrm{...}
\texttt{...}
roman
typewriter
\textsf{...}
sans serif
\textmd{...}
medium
\textbf{...}
bold face
\textup{...}
\textsl{...}
upright
slanted
\textit{...}
\textsc{...}
italic
Small Caps
\emph{...}
emphasized
\textnormal{...}
document font
6.2:
\tiny
\scriptsize
\footnotesize
\small
\normalsize
\large
tiny font
very small font
quite small font
small font
\Large
larger font
\LARGE
very large font
\huge
huge
\Huge
largest
normal font
large font
6.2
113
6.3:
size
\tiny
\scriptsize
\footnotesize
\small
\normalsize
\large
\Large
\LARGE
\huge
\Huge
10pt (default)
5pt
7pt
8pt
9pt
10pt
12pt
14pt
17pt
20pt
25pt
11pt option
6pt
8pt
9pt
10pt
11pt
12pt
14pt
17pt
20pt
25pt
12pt option
6pt
8pt
10pt
11pt
12pt
14pt
17pt
20pt
25pt
25pt
He likes {\LARGE large and

{\small small} letters}.
He likes
large and small letters.
.
(\par \\) .
} .
\par 1 .
1 \par
6.4:
\mathrm{...}
\mathbf{...}
\mathsf{...}
\mathtt{...}
\mathit{...}
\mathcal{...}
\mathnormal{...}
Roman Font
Boldface Font
Sans Serif Font
Typewriter Font
Italic Font
CALLIGRAPHIC FONT
N ormal F ont
LATEX
114
{\Large Dont read this! It is not

true. You can believe me!\par}
Dont read this! It is not true.

You can believe me!
{\Large This is not true either.

But remember I am a liar.}\par
This is not true either. But remember I am a liar.

, (environment)
.
\begin{Large}
This is not true.
But then again, what is these
days \ldots
\end{Large}
This is not true. But then

again, what is these days . . .
2.2
! !
,
. LATEX
. LATEX
.

\newcommand
.
\newcommand{\oops}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
Do not \oops{enter} this room,
its occupied by a \oops{machine}
of unknown origin and purpose.
Do not enter this room, its occupied by a

machine of unknown origin and purpose.
() \textbf
. \textbf
. \textbf
()
. \oops
.
6.3
2.3
115
.2
you
Remember The M
RE fonts
more readable and beautiful it becom
3
3.1
es.
use
in a document,
the
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\linespread{factor }
. factor
1.3 , (
) \linespread{1.6} .
1.3
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.
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{\setlength{\baselineskip}%
{1.5\baselineskip}
This paragraph is typeset with the
baseline skip set to 1.5 of what
it was before. Note the par command
at the end of the paragraph.\par}
This paragraph has a clear purpose,
it shows that after the curly brace
has been closed, everything is back
to normal.
This paragraph is typeset with the baseline

skip set to 1.5 of what it was before. Note
the par command at the end of the paragraph.
This paragraph has a clear purpose, it shows
that after the curly brace has been closed, everything is back to normal.
setspace .
2 ,
. []
3 1.75 .
1.3 . []
LATEX
116
3.2
LATEX .
.
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. 0
.
plus minus TEX

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.
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6.3
3.3
117
LATEX .
.
\hspace{length}
\hspace ( ) \hspace*
. length
, 6.5 .
This\hspace{1.5cm}is a space
of 1.5 cm.
This
is a space of 1.5 cm.
.
\stretch{n}
\hspace{\stretch{n}} stretch n
.
x\hspace{\stretch{1}}
x\hspace{\stretch{3}}x

. em ex
.
{\Large{}big\hspace{1em}y}\\
{\tiny{}tin\hspace{1em}y}
3.4
big y
tin
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.

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LATEX
118
6.5: TEX
mm
cm
in
pt
em
ex
millimetre 1/25 inch

centimetre = 10 mm
inch = 25.4 mm
point 1/72 inch 13 mm
approx width of an M in the current font
approx height of an x in the current font
\stretch \pagebreak
.
Some text \ldots
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This goes onto the last line of the page.\pagebreak

\\[length]
.
\bigskip \smallskip ()
.
LATEX 2 \documentclass .
,
. .
6.2 . tools
layout .5
! . . .
. . LATEX ,

.
5 macros/latex/required/tools
6.4
119
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6
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6
Margin
Notes
6
i
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6
Body
- 9i
i 10
3i
1i-
?
6
i
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Footer
11
1
3
5
7
9
11
one inch + \hoffset

\oddsidemargin = 28pt
or \evensidemargin
\headheight = 13pt
\textheight = 598pt
\marginparsep = 7pt
\footskip = 25pt
\hoffset = 0pt
\paperwidth = 597pt
2
4
6
8
10
one inch + \voffset

\topmargin = 23pt
\headsep = 18pt
\textwidth = 345pt
\marginparwidth = 115pt
\marginparpush = 5pt (not shown)
\voffset = 0pt
\paperheight = 845pt
6.2:
LATEX
120
MS , LATEX
. 6
. 66() .
LATEX . 66
.
.
.
.
.
,
LATEX
. .
.
\setlength{parameter }{length}
.
\addtolength{parameter }{length}
\setlength
. , 1
.
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-0.5cm}
\addtolength{\textwidth}{1cm}
calc . \setlength
.

.
LATEX .
( )
.
\textwidth .
6
6.6
121
(text) variable .
\settoheight{variable}{text}
\settodepth{variable}{text}
\settowidth{variable}{text}
.
\flushleft
\newenvironment{vardesc}[1]{%
\settowidth{\parindent}{#1:\ }
\makebox[0pt][r]{#1:\ }}{}
\begin{displaymath}
a^2+b^2=c^2
\end{displaymath}
\begin{vardesc}{Where}$a$,
$b$ -- are adjoin to the right
angle of a right-angled triangle.
$c$ -- is the hypotenuse of
the triangle and feels lonely.
a2 + b2 = c2
Where: a, b are adjoin to the right angle
of a right-angled triangle.
c is the hypotenuse of the triangle
and feels lonely.
d nally does not show up here at
all. Isnt that puzzling?
$d$ -- finally does not show up

here at all. Isnt that puzzling?
\end{vardesc}
vardesc . \settowidth
\parindent (#1) :\
.
. Where

. \settowidth
\newlength
.
LATEX .
, .
.
,
LATEX
122
.
, TEX
. .
. .
LATEX .
, .
, tabular \includegraphics .
.
(textwidth)
.
.
,
\parbox[pos]{width}{text}
.
\begin{minipage}[pos]{width} text \end{minipage}
pos c, t b
. width . minipage parbox
, parbox
minipage
.
\parbox .
.
\mbox ,
. \mbox
. ,
.
\makebox[width][pos]{text}
width .7
\width, \height, \depth, \totalheight .
text . pos
c, l, r, s , center(
7 , . 0pt ,
.
6.6
123
), ushleft ( ), ushright( ), spread(

) .
\framebox \makebox ,
.
\makebox \framebox
.
\makebox[\textwidth]{%
c e n t r a l}\par
\makebox[\textwidth][s]{%
s p r e a d}\par
\framebox[1.1\width]{Guess Im
framed now!} \par
\framebox[0.8\width][r]{Bummer,
I am too wide} \par
\framebox[1cm][l]{never
mind, so am I}
Can you read this?
c e n t r a l
s
Guess Im framed now!

Bummer, I am too wide
never mind,
Can you
so am
readI this?
(horizontal) .
(vertical) .8 LATEX
.
\raisebox{lift}[extend-above-baseline][extend-below-baseline]{text}
.
, \width, \height, \depth, \totalheight text
.
\raisebox{0pt}[0pt][0pt]{\Large%
\textbf{Aaaa\raisebox{-0.3ex}{a}%
\raisebox{-0.7ex}{aa}%
\raisebox{-1.2ex}{r}%
\raisebox{-2.2ex}{g}%
\raisebox{-4.5ex}{h}}}
he shouted but not even the next
one in line noticed that something
terrible had happened to him.
8 ,
Aaaaaaa
rg
h
he shouted but not even

the next one in line noticed that something
terrible had happened to him.
LATEX
124
.
\rule[lift]{width}{height}
.
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[-1mm]{5mm}{1cm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}%
\rule[1mm]{1cm}{5mm}%
\rule{3mm}{.1pt}
.
\rule .
(\rule{0pt}{height})
. strut .
. tabular (row)
.
\begin{tabular}{|c|}
\hline
\rule{1pt}{4ex}Pitprop \ldots\\
\hline
\rule{0pt}{4ex}Strut\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Pitprop . . .
Strut

[1] Leslie Lamport.
LATEX: A Document Preparation System.
Addison-
Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994, ISBN 0-201-529831.

[2] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, Volume A of Computers and Typesetting,
Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1984, ISBN 0201-13448-9.
[3] Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Johannes Braams, David Carlisle,
and Chris Rowley. The LATEX Companion, (2nd Edition). Addison-Wesley,
Reading, Massachusetts, 2004, ISBN 0-201-36299-6.
[4] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and Frank Mittelbach.
Graphics Companion.
The LATEX
Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1997,
ISBN 0-201-85469-4.
[5] LATEX LATEX Local Guide
. .
local.tex .
. LATEX
.
[6] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 for authors. usrguide.tex
LATEX 2 .
[7] LATEX3 Project Team.
LATEX 2 for Class and Package writers.
clsguide.tex LATEX 2 .
[8] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 Font selection. fntguide.tex
LATEX 2 .
[9] D. P. Carlisle. Packages in the graphics bundle. graphics
grfguide.tex , LATEX .
126
[10] Rainer Schpf, Bernd Raichle, and Chris Rowley. A New Implementation
of LATEXs verbatim Environments. tools
verbatim.dtx . LATEX .
[11] Vladimir Volovich, Werner Lemberg and LATEX3 Project Team. Cyrillic
languages support in LATEX. cyrguide.tex LATEX 2
.
[12] Graham Williams. The TeX Catalogue TEX LATEX
. CTAN:/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.
html .
[13] Keith Reckdahl. Using EPS Graphics in LATEX 2 Documents,
EPS LATEX EPS
. CTAN:/tex-archive/info/epslatex.
ps .
[14] Kristoer H. Rose. XY-pic Users Guide. XY-pic CTAN
.
[15] John D. Hobby. A Users Manual for MetaPost. http://cm.bell-labs.
com/who/hobby/ .
[16] Alan Hoenig. TEX Unbound. Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19509685-1; 0-19-509686-X (pbk.)
[17] Urs Oswald. Graphics in LATEX 2 , ( picture
Java ), MetaPost A Tutorial. http://www.ursoswald.ch .

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\subsection, 35
\verbatiminput, 77
\subsectionmark, 76
\vspace, 117
\substack, 54
\widehat, 52
139
\widetilde, 52
\width, 122, 123
, 54
\xymatrix, 104
, 8
, 53
, 55
, 11
, 55
, 52
, 52
, 7
, 6
, 115
, 115
, 53
, 19
, 53
, 24
, 51
, 54
, 22
, 12
, 37
, 36
, 43
, 73
, 57
, 74
, 117
, 11
, 117
, 55
, 49
, 71, 82
, 1
, 24
, 5
, 25
, 11
, 12
, 22
, 7, 11, 107
, 22
aeguill, 80
, 6
amsbsy, 61
, 79
amsfonts, 51, 69
, 44
amsmath, 50, 51, 5456, 58, 59,
, 5
61
2, 11
amssymb, 51, 63
(parameter), 6
babel, 20, 21, 26, 33, 34
1, 11
beamer, 30, 90, 91
, 8
bm, 61
140
calc, 120
textcomp, 23
CJK, 29
txfonts, 81
color, 82, 87, 90
ucs, 27, 29
comment, 7
unicode, 29
dcolumn, 43
url, 22
dhucs, 2830, 88
verbatim, 7, 76, 77
doc, 13
xy, 103
eepic, 93, 97
, 118
epic, 93
, 31
europs, 23
, 13
eurosym, 23
, 42
exscale, 13, 55
, 11
fancyhdr, 75, 76
, 47
fontenc, 13, 27, 33
, 31
geometry, 77
makeindex, 74
graphicx, 71, 82, 87, 89, 90

hyperref, 22, 79, 82, 83, 8790
hyphenat, 77
, 78
ifpdf, 86
, 22
ifthen, 13
, 54
indentrst, 116
, 24
inputenc, 13, 27, 33
, 53
latexsym, 13
, 12
layout, 118
makeidx, 74
Center, 40
makeidx, 13, 74
Figure, 44
marvosym, 24
Flushleft, 40
mathrsfs, 69
Itemize, 39
mathtext, 33
Quote, 40
mltex, 81
abstract, 41
pdftricks, 90
array, 56, 57
ppower4, 90
block, 92
prosper, 90
comment, 7
pstricks, 90, 93, 94, 97
description, 39
pxfonts, 81
displaymath, 50
setspace, 115
enumerate, 39
showidx, 75
eqnarray, 57
syntonly, 13, 15
equation, 50

figure, 45
flushright, 40
frame, 92
longtable, 44
lscommand, 107
math, 49
minipage, 122
parbox, 122
picture, 93, 94, 97, 98
pspicture, 94
quotation, 40
subarray, 54
table, 44, 45
tabular, 42, 44, 122
thebibliography, 73
verbatim, 41, 76, 77
verse, 40
141
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The Not So short

Zentraler Informatikdienst der Universitt fr Bodenkultur Wien

Bundesministerium fr Wissenschaft und Forschung Wien

Jrg Knappen LATEX 2

Department of Information Technology and

Itemize, Enumerate, Description . . . . . . . . . . .

Flushleft, Flushright, Center . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Quote, Quotation, Verse

Example Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

TEX (Donald E. Knuth) [2].

X . TEX texnologia (technology)

LATEX TEX . LATEX

you see is what you get.

LATEX (plain ASCII text).

(whitespace characters), (blank), (tab) LATEX

It does not matter whether you enter one or

An empty line starts a new

\# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{}

I read that Knuth divides the people working

You can \textsl{lean} on me!

You can lean on me!

Please, start a new line

Please, start a new line right here!

This is an example: Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

This is another example for embedding comments in your document.

X Window Unix . (MiKTEX

LATEX dvipdf .dvi

(header) (footer) (page style) . LATEX

The LATEX Companion [3] 75 3 4 .

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I think this is: supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

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Please press the x key.

Please press the x key.

Its 30 C. I will soon start to superconduct.

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Mr.~Smith was happy to see her\\

Mr. Smith was happy to see her

\label{marker }, \ref{marker } and \pageref{marker }

marker . LATEX \ref

A reference to this subsection looks like: see

Footnotesa are often used by people using

You can also emphasize text if it is set in

Itemize, Enumerate, Description

Itemize , enumerate , description

1. You can mix the list environments to

Flushleft, Flushright, Center

This text is rightaligned. LATEX is not trying to make each

Quote, Quotation, Verse

A typographical rule of thumb for the line

quotation verse . quotation

I know only one English poem by heart. It is

The abstract abstract.

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