LATEX 2

LATEX 2 130

Tobas Oetker
Hubert Partl, rene Hyna Elsabeth Schlegl
Verson 4.12, 05 May, 2003

:
5 2003 .


Copyright 20002002 Tobias Oetiker and all the Contributers to LShort. All
rights reserved.
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Copyrght 19952003 Tobas Oetker LShort.

.
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GNU ,
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2- , ( ) - .
, , - , - . GNU
. GNU ; : Free Software Foundaton, nc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambrdge, MA 02139, USA.


, ,
LATEX 2.09 , :
Hubert Partl <partl@mal.boku.ac.at>
Zentraler nformatkdenst der Unverst
at f
ur Bodenkultur Wen

rene Hyna <rene.Hyna@bmwf.ac.at>

Bundesmnsterum f
ur Wssenschaft und Forschung Wen

Elsabeth Schlegl <no emal>

n Graz

, , Jorg Knappen LATEX 2 ,

CTAN:/tex-archve/nfo/lshort/german.

, comp.
text.tex. , , . ,
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.
Rosemary Baley, Marc Bevand, Fredemann Brauer, Jan Busa,
Markus Br
uhwler, Petro Braone, Davd Carlsle, Jose Carlos Santos,
Mke Chapman, Perre Chardare, Chrstopher Chn, Carl Cerecke,
Chrs McCormack, Wm van Dam, Jan Dttberner, Mchael John Downes,
Matthas Dreer, Davd Duressex, Ellot, Hans Ehrbar, Danel Flpo, Davd Frey,
Hans Fugal, Robn Farbarns, Jorg Fscher, Erk Frsk, Mc Mlc Frederckx,
Frank, Andy Goth, Kasper B. Graversen, Arlo Grffiths, Alexandre Gumond,
Cyrl Goutte, Greg Gamble, Nel Hammond, Rasmus Borup Hansen,
Joseph Hlferty, Bj
orn Hvttfeldt, Marten Hulsen, Werner ckng, Jakob,
Erc Jacobon, Alan Jeffrey, Byron Jones, Davd Jones,
Johannes-Mara Kaltenbach, Mchael Koundouros, Andrzej Kawalec, Alan Kess,
Chrstan Kern, J
org Knappen, Kjetl Kjernsmo, Mak Lehradt, Rem Letot,
Johan Lundberg, Alexander Ma, Martn Maechler, Aleksandar S Mlosevc,
Henrk Mtsch, Claus Malten, Kevn Van Maren, Phlpp Nagele,
Lenmar Nunes de Andrade, Urs Oswald, Demerson Andre Poll,
Maksym Polyakov Hubert Partl, John Reflng, Mke Ressler, Bran Rpley,
Young U. Ryu, Bernd Rosenlecher, Chrs Rowley, Rsto Saarelma,
Hanspeter Schmd, Crag Schlenter, Baron Schwartz, Chrstopher Sawtell,
Geoffrey Swndale, Laszlo Szathmary, Bors Tobotras, Josef Tkadlec, Scott Vers,
Dder Verna, Faban Wernl, Carl-Gustav Werner, Davd Woodhouse, Chrs York,
Frtz Zaucker, Rck Zaccone, and Mkhal Zotov.

, ,
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, , , , , , .


LATEX [2] , .
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LATEX TEX[3].
LATEX 2
LATEX. LATEX
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Tobas Oetker <oetker@ee.ethz.ch>
Department of Electrcal Engneerng,
Swss Federal nsttute of Technology

CTAN:/tex-archve/nfo/lshort.
1

Comprehensve TEX Archve Network TEX.

1
1.1 The Name of the Game . . . . . . .
1.1.1 TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.2 LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1 ,
1.2.2 . . . . . . . .
1.2.3 . . . . .
1.3 LATEX . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2 . . .
1.3.3 LATEX . . . . . . . .
1.3.4 . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 . . . . .
1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.1 . . . . . .
1.6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6.3 . . . . . . . .
1.7 ,
1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2.4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.3 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.4 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.5 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.6 ( . . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.8 . . . . . . . . .
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2.11.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.11.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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3.2
3.3 . . .
3.4 . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 .
3.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 . . . .
3.8 , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.10 . . . .
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4.1 EPS . .
4.2 . . . . . . . . .
4.3 . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 . . .
4.5 verbatm . . . . . . . .
4.6
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4.8

4.7.1 PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4.7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4.7.7 LATEX pdfLATEX
pdfscreen . . . . . . .

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5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2 pcture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5.2.6 \multput \lnethckness . . . . . . . 88
5.2.7 . \thnlnes \thcklnes . . . . 89
5.2.8
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5.2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.2.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.2.11 . . . . . 93
5.3 XY-pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
6 LATEX
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6.1.1 . . . . . . . .
6.1.2 . . . . . . .
6.1.3 . . . .
6.2 . . . . . . . .
6.2.1 .
6.2.2 , . . . . . .
6.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3.1 . .
6.3.2 . .
6.3.3 .
6.3.4 . .
6.4 . . . . . .
6.5 . . . . . . . . . .
6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7 . . . . . . . . .

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1.1
1.2

LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4.1
4.2

fancyhdr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6.1
6.2

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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

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, LATEX . . .
LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1
2.2
2.3

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2.4

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3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19

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xv

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

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TEX . . . . . .

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101
101
102
102
106

LATEX.
LATEX 2 .
, LATEX. .

1.1
1.1.1

The Name of the Game

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10

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11

12

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13

14

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15

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18

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24

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2.5

25

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26

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27

28

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29

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30

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31

32

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34

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2.11.3

35

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36

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2.11

37

verbatm \verb .

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38

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39

40

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41

42

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44

\TeX{}
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3.2

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3.2

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(3.2)

(3.3)

46

\begn{equaton}
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3.3

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47

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48

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AMS-LATEX, ,
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3.3

49

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50

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3.4

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4
5
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18
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array. tabular. \\.

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51

x11
x21
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f 0 (x)
Z

(3.5)
(3.6)

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(3.7)

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0

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52

, . \setlength\arraycolsep{2pt},
.

. , .
:

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3.7

53

ij k

kij

TEX
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1/2

54

, , \left[ \rght].

3.8

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Law 1 Dont hde n the wtness box

Jury 2 (The Twelve) t could be you! So
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Law 3 No, No, No

Jury , Law.
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3.9

55

, .
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3.9

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56

3.10

, .
, 3.123.168 , amssymb ,
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b
A

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\ddot{a}
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e
A

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. 3.2:

\alpha
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. 3.3:

\Gamma
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symbols.tex ( Davd Carlsle)

, Josef Tkadlec.
9
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3.10

57

. 3.4:
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latexsym

. 3.5:
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4




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58

P
Q
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. 3.6:
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. 3.7:

7
(
)

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3.10

59

. 3.10:
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0
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. 3.11: -
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. 3.12: AMS
p
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. 3.13: AMS
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60

. 3.14: AMS
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3.10

61

. 3.16: AMS

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\ntercal
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62

. 3.18: AMS
~

M
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@

\hbar
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N
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8

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. 3.19:

ABCdef
ABCdef
ABCdef
ABC
A BC
ABCdef
ABC

\mathrm{ABCdef}
\matht{ABCdef}
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\mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC}
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euscrpt mathcal
mathrsfs
eufrak
amsfonts amssymb

, LATEX, , ,
, . LATEX LATEX Manual [2] The LATEX Companon [4].

4.1

EPS

LATEX , ,
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LATEX . , ,
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LATEX Manual [2].
1 . LATEX
.
Encapsulated PostScrpt (EPS),
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PostScrpt 2 .
graphcx ( D. P. Carlsle)
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, XFg, CorelDraw!, Freehand, Gnuplot, . . .

PostScrpt GhostScrpt, CTAN:/tex-archve/support/ghostscrpt.
Wndows OS/2 GSvew.
2

64

graphcs3 .
PostScrpt
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:
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DV PostScrpt. dvps.
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. ,
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. 4.1: graphcx.
wdth
heght
angle
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CTAN:/tex-archve/macros/latex/requred/graphcs
EPS, PostScrpt (, Apple LaserWrter)
. , EPS . , EPS .
EPS.
4

4.2

65

, , :
\begn{fgure}
\begn{center}
\ncludegraphcs[angle=90, wdth=0.5\textwdth]{test}
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\end{fgure}
, test.eps, 90
, , 0.5
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. 6.5 106
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4.2

thebblography .
\bbtem[label ]{marker } \bbtem[l ]{}

:
\cte{}

l, . \begn{thebblography}
.
{99} LATEX,
, 99.
[1] , . . .

~\cte{pa} ,
\ldots
\begn{thebblography}{99}
\bbtem{pa} H.~Partl:
\emph{German \TeX},
TUGboat Volume~9, ssue~1 (1988)

\end{thebblography}
[1] H. Partl: German TEX, TUGboat
Volume 9, ssue 1 (1988) 65

66

BbTEX, TEX5 .

, . , BbTEX, ,

.

4.3

. LATEX makendex6 .
.
The LATEX Companon [4].
, LATEX , makedx:
\usepackage{makedx}

,
\makendex

.

\ndex{}

. , . 4.2
.
LATEX , \ndex

. , LATEX,
(.dx). .dx
5
8- BbTEX
bbtex8, TEX. (. .)
6
, ,
makedx.

4.4

67

. 4.2:

\ndex {hello}
\ndex {hello!Peter}

hello, 1
Peter, 3

\ndex {Sam@\textsl {Sam}}

\ndex {Ln@\textbf {Ln}}
\ndex {Jenny|textbf}

Sam, 2
Ln, 7
Jenny, 3

\ndex {Joe|textt}
\ndex {eolenne@\eolenne}

Joe, 5
eolenne, 4

makendex.
makendex

makendex7 , .nd. ,
, LATEX
\prntndex

showdx, LATEX 2 ,
.
.
, \ndex
, .
\ndex{}.
\ndex{}.
.

4.4

. .
.

fancyhdr8 ( Pet van Oostrum) ,

7
\eC {\cyrp
}, uamakendex. (. .)
8
CTAN:/tex-archve/macros/latex/contrb/supported/fancyhdr

68

. ,
.

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
%
%
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectonmark}[1]{\markrght{\thesecton\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} %
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseres\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseres\rghtmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseres\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewdth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewdth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheght}{0.5pt} %
\fancypagestyle{plan}{%
\fancyhead{} %
\renewcommand{\headrulewdth}{0pt} %
}

. 4.1: fancyhdr

, , . LATEX
. \rghtmark \leftmark,
, .
\chapter \secton.
\chapter \rghtmark \leftmark , ,
\chaptermark, \sectonmark \subsectonmark, \rghtmark \leftmark.
, \chaptermark.
4.1 fancyhdr,
, . - , .

4.5 verbatm

4.5

verbatm

verbatm. verbatm. verbatm

verbatm,
. , , ,
,
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\verbatmnput{}

,
verbatm.
verbatm tools,
.
, [10].

4.6

LATEX

LATEX , . ,
, CTAN (http://www.ctan.org/).
, geometry, hyphenat, , : .ns,
.dtx. readme.txt . , .
- , , , ()
TEX, , ()
. :
1. LATEX .ns. .sty.
2. .sty ,
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( Wndows OS/2
).
3. .
LATEX, :
teTEX, fpTEX maktexlsr texhash;
web2c maktexlsr;
MkTEX ntexmf -update-fndb GU.
.dtx :

69

70

1. LATEX .dtx. .dv. , LATEX , .

2. , .dx.
5.
3. , :

makendex -s gnd.st

( ).
4. LATEX .dtx .
5. , .ps .pdf .
, .glo. 4 5:
makendex -s gglo.st -o .gls .glo

LATEX .dtx
5.

4.7

pdfLATEX

By Danel Flpo <Danel.Flpo@unv-llle1.fr>

PDF . , ,
. , , . LATEX ,
\ref \pageref . , , , .
HTML (HyperText Markup
Language). .
1. HTML . , ,
, .

4.7 pdf LATEX

2. HTML , ,
, LATEX.
LATEX HTML.
,
LATEX. ,
, .
LATEX ,
. ,
, PDF (Portable Document Format), .
, PDF.
, DV PS
, Adobe Acrobat Reader xpdf,
PDF,
. PDF .

4.7.1

PDF

PDF LATEX pdfTEX, H`an The Th`anh. PdfTEX

PDF , TEX DV.
pdfLATEX, PDF LATEX.
, pdfTEX pdfLATEX, TEX, , teTEX, fpTEX, MkTEX, TEXLve CMacTEX.
, PDF DV,
latex fle.tex pdflatex fle.tex. , LATEX
,
TEXControlCenter.
LATEX \documentclass, a4paper
letterpaper. pdfLATEX, pdfTEX
.
hyperref (. . 74), .
,
:
\pdfpagewdth=\paperwdth
\pdfpageheght=\paperheght

71

72

pdfLATEX
LATEX . : , ,
.

4.7.2

PdfLATEX ( PK,
TrueType PostScrpt type 1. . . ), TEX, PK , , Acrobat Reader. , , , PostScrpt Type 1.
Computer Modern AMSFonts
PostScrpt Type 1 Blue Sky Research Y&Y, nc.,
. 1997
TEX.
, pdfLATEX
, , EC, LH, CB ( OT1 . 27). Type 1 cm-super, EC/TC,
EC Concrete, EC Brght LH. CTAN:/tex-archve/
/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super TEXLve7 MkTEX.
type 1 CB Greek ( ) CTAN:/tex-archve/fonts/greek/cb. ,
Type 1 CM Blue Sky/Y&Y. ,
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, (, ) EC/LH/CB.
, , .
aegull, Almost European Computer
Modern wth Gullemets. \usepackage{aegull}
, AE EC.
mltex,
, pdfTEX mltex.
AE, MlTEX, TEX,
T1, -

4.7 pdf LATEX

, CM , . CM
type 1, . ,
. Acrobat Reader
AE , PDF .
C1, ftp://ftp.vsu.ru/pub/tex/
font-packs/c1fonts. CM Bluesky CMCYR Paradssa BaKoMa,
CTAN type 1. Paradssa
, C1 .
type 1.
Acrobat Reader.
pxfonts,
Palatno, txfonts,
Tmes. , ,
:
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{pxfonts}
,
Warnng: pdftex (fle eurmo10): Font eurmo10 at ... not found
log . , pdfTEX .
, PDF ,
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,
EC, ,
.

4.7.3

LATEX
graphcx (. . 63). pdftex,
pdfLATEX:
\usepackage[pdftex]{color,graphcx}
color, ,
.

73

74

. , EPS (Encapsulated
PostScrpt) pdfLATEX. \ncludegraphcs
, graphcx . pdftex .png, .pdf, .jpg, .mps (METAPOST), .tf .eps.

EPS PDF epstopdf, . . (, ) , PDF PNG JPEG. PNG
(screenshots) .
JPEG , .
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4.7.4

hyperref . , ,
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hyperref:
,
\usepackage[1,2,. . . ]{hyperref}

\hypersetup{1,2,. . . }
.
pdftex; hyperref 9 . .
bookmarks (=true,false ) ,

pdftoolbar (=true,false )
Acrobat
9
hyperref pdfTEX. ,
DV LATEX PDF- ,
PS dvps, Adobe Dstller
PS PDF.

4.7 pdf LATEX

pdfmenubar (=true,false ) Acrobat
pdfftwndow (=true,false )
pdfttle (={}) ,
Document nfo Acrobat
pdfauthor (={}) PDF
pdfnewwndow (=true,false ) , ,
,
colorlnks (=false,true ) (true)
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lnkcolor (=red) (,
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urlcolor (=cyan) url (e-mal, web)
,
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, , (
- ), , :
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:
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ctecolor=black,%
flecolor=black,%
lnkcolor=black,%
urlcolor=black,%
pdftex}

75

76

Document nfo PDF

:
\usepackage[pdfauthor={Perre Desproges}%
pdfttle={Des femmes qu tombent},%
pdftex]{hyperref}
,
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\href{url }{text}

,
The
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The CTAN webste.

CTAN CTAN.
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,
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:
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4.7.5

:
! pdfTeX warnng (ext4): destnaton wth the same dentfer
(name{page.1}) has been already used, duplcate gnored

4.7 pdf LATEX

, , \manmatter book . 1,
1 , ,
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planpages=false hyperref. .
hypertexnames=false,
.

4.7.6

, , .
, , LATEX. Hyperref
:
Package hyperref Warnng:
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, -:
\texorpdfstrng{ TEX }{ }

:
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:
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.

77

78

4.7.7

LATEX pdf LATEX

LATEX,
pdfLATEX. .
\ncludegraphcs. . ,
. LATEX .eps, pdfLATEX .png, .pdf, .jpg, .mps .tf
( ).
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\newf\fPDF
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hyperref -PDF
. \href , .
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pdftex dvps graphcx color graphcs.cfg color.cfg.

4.8

pdfscreen

By Danel Flpo <Danel.Flpo@unv-llle1.fr>

, ,

4.8 pdfscreen
.
PdfLATEX pdfscreen PDF, , PowerPont,
, Acrobat Reader .
pdfscreen graphcx, color hyperref , .
\documentclass[pdftex,12pt]{artcle}
%%% msc extensons %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\usepackage[ukranan]{babel}
\usepackage[T2A]{fontenc}
%%% pdfscreen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%
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%%
,
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%%
, , ,
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%
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\backgroundcolor{mybg}
%
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%%% - PPower4 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{pause}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begn{document}
\begn{slde}
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\tem \ldots \pause
\tem
\end{temze}
\end{slde}
\end{document}
. 4.2: pdfscreen

artcle. . 4.2 .
pdfscreen :

79

80

screen . prnt .
panelrght .
, panelleft,
nopanel.
french , 10 , ,
.
babel.
chocolate . gray,
orange, palegreen, bluelace, blue, .
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\overlay{}

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\background{}

,
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.
10

pdfscreen ,
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4.8 pdfscreen
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Acrobat . pause ppower4 (P 4 : Pdf Presentaton Post-Processor ),
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:
ppower4 xy.pdf xyz.pdf

xy.pdf , xyz.pdf .
slde. .
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, , ,
\tableofcontents, , , , pdfTEX
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.
pdfscreen
PPower4. .

81

LATEX .

, LATEX ( )
. ,
LATEX .
.

5.1

pcture LATEX. LATEX Manual [2].

,
. , pcture
\qbezer .
, , ,
,
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LATEX , , Java, .
LATEX ,
. ,
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, epc eepc (, , The LATEX Companon [4]), pstrcks pcture, LATEX.

84

, pcture, pstrcks , pspcture. pstrcks
PostScrpt. , . XY-pc, .
The LATEX Graphcs Companon [1] (
The LATEX Companon [4]).
LATEX METAPOST, METAFONT. METAPOST
METAFONT. METAFONT, , METAPOST Encapsulated PostScrpt,
LATEX.
A Users Manual for MetaPost [15] [17].
( ) LATEX TEX TEX Unbound [16].

5.2

pcture

By Urs Oswald <osurs@bluewn.ch>

5.2.1

pcture
\begn{pcture}(x, y). . . \end{pcture}

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x, y, x0 , y0 ,
\untlength, ( pcture)
\setlength{\untlength}{1.2cm}

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5.2 pcture

85

\put(x, y){}

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5.2.2

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87

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Java Graphcs n LATEX 2 [17].

88

5.2.5

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92

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113

. . .


[1] Mchel Goossens, Sebastan Rahtz and Frank Mttelbach. The LATEX
Graphcs Companon. Addson-Wesley, Readng, Massachusetts, 1997,
SBN 0-201-85469-4. 84, 87
[2] Lesle Lamport.
LATEX: A Document Preparaton System.
Addson-Wesley, Readng, Massachusetts, second edton, 1994,
SBN 0-201-52983-1. v, 1, 63, 83
[3] Donald E. Knuth. The TEXbook, Volume A of Computers and Typesettng, Addson-Wesley, Readng, Massachusetts, second edton, 1984,
SBN 0-201-13448-9. v, 1
[4] Mchel Goossens, Frank Mttelbach and Alexander Samarn. The
LATEX Companon. Addson-Wesley, Readng, Massachusetts, 1994,
SBN 0-201-54199-8. v, 3, 10, 12, 13, 50, 63, 66, 83, 84
[5] LATEX LATEX Local Gude, , .
local.tex. , .
LATEX 2 . v, 10,
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[6] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 for authors.
LATEX 2 usrgude.tex.
[7] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 for Class and Package wrters.
LATEX 2 clsgude.tex.
[8] LATEX3 Project Team. LATEX 2 Font selecton.
LATEX 2 fntgude.tex.
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LATEXs verbatm Envronments. tools
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CTAN:/tex-archve/nfo/epslatex.ps. 65
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TeXandUkranan.ko.html. 28

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122

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123
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124

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125
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126

eufrak, 62
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J
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K
Knuth, Donald E., 1
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127
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O
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128

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T
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V
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129
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X
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Y
yap, 9

130