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INTRODUCTION OF PUMP
A pump is a physical device that is used to deliver fluids from one location to another through pipe to increase energy of fluids .
LOCATION OF PUMPS
Flammable service shall be located outboard of overhead pipe racks. Non flammable service may be located beneath the pipe rack .
FORKLIFT
The coupling between the pump and its driver must be easily accessed Pump seal access must also be considered. Piping must be kept clear from above the horizontally located pumps. For vertical split casing access must be provided in front of the pumps. Clearance for fork lift or mobile cranes should be provided for maintenance . If pumps are located In building monorails or rigging beams should be considered where the overhead access is limited Piping should be self supported during maintenance . ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOAD The maximum amount of stress that the piping configuration may impose on the pump suction and discharge nozzle should not be exceed to allowable limits. These limits set by the vendor or code (API 610 for centrifugal pumps) VAPOUR PRESSURE The pressure at which the fluid will boil at ambient temperature. If the pressure within a fluid falls below the vapour pressure of the fluid, gas bubbles will form with in the fluid.
NPSHa Calculate
Fluid pressure + positive head friction loss vapor pressure NPSHr is given by vendor and NPSHa must always be greater than NPSHr for the pump to operate properly.
Vertical can type are generally use when high NPSH requirements
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TYPES OF PUMP
Positive Displacement pumps.
Reciprocating pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Reciprocating pumps
Reciprocating pumps are commonly used to move viscous liquids. Reciprocating pumps are used when high head is required and these pumps require a PSV between pump and discharge block valve and require more maintenance. Pipe support must be given special consideration due to the pulsation.
CENTRUFUGAL PUMP
These pumps operate by developing a high liquid velocity with uniform pressure in the discharge pipe, Horizontal centrifugal pumps usually fit into three categories End suction Top Discharge Top suction Top discharge Side suction Side discharge
Reciprocating pumps
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PUMP PIPING Pumps shall be located as close as possible to the source of suction in order to minimize pressure drop with satisfying piping flexibility requirement and nozzle load allowable.
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SUCTION PIPING
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Nozzle loads allowable (as per API 610 or vendor) . Used eccentric Reducer with FSU to avoid cavitations. 5D spool required for smoothness and uniform flow at pump nozzle Temporary strainer. The first elbow should be a long radius and perpendicular to impeller shaft First support should be Adjustable to account for field variations during installation. Block valves accessibility. If we using reducer next to the nozzle where the change in diameter accessed 4 as could result in a disturbed flow pattern into the impellor and cause vibration and rapid wear in a pump.
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1. 2. 3. 4.
DISCHARGE PIPING Concentric reducer Pressure indicator Adjustable support. Check valve (If it is install vertical that required provision for draining liquid trapped above the check valve 3/4 )
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SUCTION PIPING
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If the minimum continuous flow rate required by a pump cannot be assured. than it requires a minimum flow bypass.
WARM UP LINE
The intention is to heat up or maintain the temperature of a machine to temperature greater then the surrounding ambient temperature.
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AUXILIARY PIPING
Seal
pots shall be mounted separately from the machine and driver, and shall not be interfere during removal of the pump for maintenance
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EXCHANGER
Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat from one stream to another. The driving force for the operation of a heat exchanger is the temperature difference between fluids. Generally fluids flow in the exchanger in two different pattern.
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Elongated steel cylindrical vessel containing bundles of parallel tubes. One liquid passes through the inside of the shell over the tubes and another liquid passing through the interior of the tubes. A large heat transfer surface in a small space . It can be operated at high pressures are easy to clean. It Can be made of wide variety of materials.
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EXCHANGER PIPING
Exchanger piping must be routed in such a manner that it meets economy,flexibility,support , operation and maintenance access requirements Clearance of 12 from bottom of pipe to grade is adequate elevation for piping, however if a drain is provided a clearance of 4 below the plug should be needed for removal of that plug.
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Plan view
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Side view
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Here the cooling agent used is circulating air It consists of fin tube bundles with a header box attached to each end, and supported horizontally by a steel frame or structure. The inlet nozzles are mounted on the top of the header box and outlet at opposite bottom ends in single pass arrangement and at same ends in double pass arrangement. Air is circulated by multi blade propeller type fans that provide forced or induced drafts.
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PIPING
Piping at Air cooler is not routed over the tube bundles or fans. And It should be kept clear for maintenance.
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Piping for Air coolers specified for fractionating tower overhead must be routed in such a way that there is no liquid pocket between the top of the Tower and Air cooler inlet.
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To ensure that pressure drop is equal on all inlet nozzles in cascade piping. In case of liquid coolers (there is no two phase flow) the cascade piping is not mandatory. Symmetrical piping can be used in these cases.
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In
shell and tubes Exchanger, anchors are generally placed to allow the piping to grow parallel to the growth of the exchanger. This minimizes the stress loads on the nozzles.
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SUPPORT
Slots can be cut into the exchanger support for bolt holes to allow movement in a desired direction. If friction force created by the weight of the exchanger are excessive slide plate should be introduced to allow movement. In Air cooler anchors should be placed as close to the exchanger as possible to minimize the growth in the towards nozzles. A line stop in the common header axis at the point where it bifurcates shall be provided so that uniform expansion is allowed on both sides of the header .
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Anchor location
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MAINTENANCE Piping of the shell and tube exchanger is positioned to allow adequate space removal for channel heads and shell covers tube bundles. And in air cooler Platform required for header box and motor maintenance
Questions?
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The End!
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