1

VN 7. PHNG TRNH TIP TUYN

Dng 1. Phng trnh tip ti mt im
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti ( )
0 0
; M x y thuc ( ) ( ) : = C y f x c dng ( )( )
0 0 0
' . y f x x x y = +
1. Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 y x x = + c th ( ). C Vit phng trnh tip ca ( ) C bit
a) Tip im c honh
0
1. x = p s: 3 3. y x =
b) Tip im c tung
0
2. y = p s: 2, 9 7. y y x = =
c) Tip tuyn c h s gc nh nht. p s: 3 3. y x =
Dng 2. Phng trnh tip qua mt im
lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca hm s ( ) y f x = c th ( ) C i qua im ( ) ; ,
A A
A x y ta c hai
cch:
Cch 1: Bc 1: Gi tip im l ( ) ( )
0 0
; M x f x Phng trnh tip tuyn ti M l
( )( ) ( )
0 0 0
' . y f x x x f x = +
Bc 2: V im tip tuyn i qua im ( ) ;
A A
A x y nn ( )( ) ( )
0 0 0
' .
A A
y f x x x f x = +
Bc 3: T tm c
0
x v suy ra c phng trnh tip tuyn.
Ch : th hai hm s ( ) y f x = v ( ) y g x = tip xc nhau h
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ' '
f x g x
f x g x
=

c nghim.
Cch 2: Bc 1: Gi ng thng qua im A l ( ) : .
A A
d y k x x y = +
Bc 2: d l tip tuyn ca ( ) C h sau c nghim
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
' 2
A A
f x k x x y
f x k
= +

Bc 3: Thay ( ) 2 vo ( ) 1 x k Phng trnh tip tuyn.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s
3
3 2, y x x = + bit tip tuyn i qua im ( ) 1; 4 . A
p s:
9 7
4; .
4 4
= = + y y x
Dng 3. Phng trnh tip tuyn c h s gc cho trc
lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca hm s ( ) y f x = c th ( ) C c h s gc k, ta c hai cch:
Cch 1: Bc 1: Gi tip im l ( ) ( )
0 0
; . M x f x Suy ra ( )
0
' . f x k =
Bc 2: T ta tm c
0
. x
Bc 3: p dng dng 1 ta tm c tip tuyn.
Cch 2: Bc 1: Gi ng thng c h s gc k l : . d y kx b = +
Bc 2: d l tip tuyn ca ( ) C th h sau c nghim
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
' 2
f x kx b
f x k
= +

Bc 3: T ( ) 2 . x Thay vo ( ) 1 suy ra . b T vit c phng trnh tip tuyn.
Ch : Cho ng thng
( )
2 2
: 0, 0 . ax by c a b A + + = + = Khi
Nu d song song vi A th d c dng ( ) : 0, . d ax by m m c + + = =
Nu d vung gc vi A th d c dng : 0. d bx ay m + =

2

3. Cho hm s
3 2
1
x
y
x

=

c th ( ). C Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ) C bit rng tip tuyn

song song vi : 3 0. A + = x y p s: 6, 2. y x y x = + = +
Dng 4. Hai ng cong tip xc nhau
4. Tm m th hm s
3 2
5 y x x = + v th hm s
2
2 y x m = + tip xc nhau. Xc nh to
ca tip im. p s: ( ) ( ) 1: 2;9 ; 5: 0;5 . m A m B = =
5. Tm a, b th hm s
1
ax b
y
x
+
=

i qua im ( ) 3;1 A v tip xc vi ng thng 2 4 0. x y =

p s: 10, 28 = = a b hoc 2; 4. = = a b
Dng 5. Bi tp nng cao v tip tuyn
6. Tm trn trc tung nhng im m t c th k c 3 tip tuyn ti th hm s
3 2
3 . y x x =
p s: Gi ( ) 0; 0 1. A a Oy a e < <
7. Cho th hm s ( )
1
: .
1
C y x
x
=
+

a) Chng minh rng trn (C) tn ti v s nhng cp im m tip tuyn ti song song vi nhau.
b) Tm m : d y m = ct (C) ti A, B sao cho OA vung gc vi OB. s:
1 5
.
2
m


8. (TSH, A, 09) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th hm s
2
,
2 3
x
y
x
+
=
+
bit tip tuyn ct trc
honh, trc tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit , A B sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta . O Hd:
Gi ( )
0 0
; M x y l tip im ca tip tuyn cn tm. s: 2. y x =
Bi tp luyn tp
9. Cho hm s
3 2
1
x
y
x

=

c th ( ). C Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ) C bit rng tip tuyn

vung gc vi : 4 7 0. x y A = p s:
1 17 1 9
, .
4 4 4 4
y x y x = + = +
10. Tm m hai ng cong
1 mx
y
x

= v
2
4 1 y x = + tip xc nhau. p s:
1
4: ; 2 .
2
m M
| |
=
|
\ .

11. Tm a hai ng cong
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+
v
2
y x a = + tip xc nhau. p s: ( ) 2: 0; 2 . a M =
12. (HSP HN II, khi A v B, 99) Tm trn trc Ox cc im t k c 3 tip tuyn n th hm s
3
3 2. y x x = + + p s: ( ) { }
2
; 2; \ 1 .
3
a
| |
e +
|
\ .

13. Tm nhng im trn ng thng 1 y = sao cho t c th k c ng mt tip tuyn n th
hm s ( )
2
2
: .
1
x x
C y
x
+
=
+
p s:
1
1, .
2
a a = =
14. Cho th hm s ( )
3
: .
1
x
C y
x

=
+
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C bit khong cch t tm i
xng ca ( ) C n tip tuyn bng 2 2.


Bin son: Thy L c Thun. Email: thuanducle@ymai.com