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150
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Wikipedia - Waveguides

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Range
(Log scale)

Whislers

Ionospheric reflection
(sky waves)

Whislers
Ground waves

Tropospheric
ducts

Diffraction
beyond the
horizon
Local obstacles

Atmosphere
absorption
Mobile
allocations

Line of sight

3k 30 300 3M 30 300 3G 30 300 GHz

ELF VLF LF

MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF

Frequency
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21


Pr Pt Gt Ar 4R 2

Pr Pt , G , A , G 4 Bsteradian .
A G2 4 :
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h
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R
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Pt Gt Ar

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Pt Gt Ar
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r
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0546 607088
jshapira@netvision.net.il

24