Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Electrical System in Automobiles
Electrical System in Automobiles
I C engine ignition timing Spark ignition Tachometers Anti-lock braking systems Brushless DC electric motors
position of the throttle in an internal combustion engine. The sensor is usually located on the butterfly spindle so that it can directly monitor the position of the throttle. More advanced forms of the sensor are also used, for example an extra closed throttle position sensor (CTPS) may be employed to indicate that the throttle is completely closed.
proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed used to determine the air-fuel ratio. Modern spark-ignited combustion engines use oxygen sensors and catalytic converters in order to reduce exhaust emissions. Information on oxygen concentration is sent to the engine management computer or ECU, which adjusts the amount of fuel injected into the engine to compensate for excess air or excess fuel. The ECU attempts to maintain, on average, a certain airfuel ratio by interpreting the information it gains from the oxygen sensor.
uncontrolled combustion process and can cause engine damage. That is prevented by a knock sensor, a noise sensor near the engine. The Knock Sensor is a Piezo Electric device that when you stress it, a voltage is produced. It senses knock and transmits information to the electronic engine management control unit. This influences process control in the engine, for example timing and fuel injection until knock is eliminated. Knock is frequently caused by fuel that does not comply with the required minimum quality.
Accessories
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Spark ignition circuit Lighting circuit Horn circuit Temperature gauge Speedometer & Tachometer Fuel gauge Starter switch & kill switch
coolant of an internal combustion engine. The readings from this sensor are then fed back to the Engine control unit(ECU). This data from the sensor is then used to adjust the fuel injection and ignition timing. On some vehicles the sensor may be used to switch on the electronic cooling fan. The data may also be used to provide readings for a coolant temperature gauge on the dash. The coolant temperature sensor works using resistance. As temperature subjected to the sensor increases the internal resistance changes. Depending on the type of sensor the resistance will either increase or decrease.
Dynamo
It works on the principle of electomagnetic induction.