Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack in Orissa on January 23, 1897

was born in an affluent

Bengali family. Bose's father's name 'Jankinath Bose and mother's name Prabhawati was. Bose was Jankinath Ridge city's famous lawyer.Overall Jankinath Bose Prabhawati and had 14 children, including six daughters and eight sons. He was the ninth child and fifth son Subhash Chandra. Subhash most of all his brothers had Sharadchandra attachment. Bose had his early education at Collegiate School in Cuttack Revensov. After leaving the civil service became involved with the Indian National violence. Mahatma Gandhi led the liberal party, the fiery revolutionary Subhas Chandra Bose was

Congress. Subhash Chandra Bose did not agree with the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi's nonbeloved team. The idea of Mahatma Gandhi and Subhash Chandra Bose different, but they were well

aware that it is Mahatma Gandhi and His purpose, ie independence. This policy was not conducive to took it as a defeat. Gandhi's opposition the "rebel" president felt the need to resign. Bose believed that the government has been under house arrest in Calcutta with the help of his nephew Sisir Kumar Bose escaped from there. He returned to Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet

the Gandhian economic thought. Bose was elected again in 1939, defeating a rival Gandhian. Gandhi British can be achieved independence from enemies together. Given their ideas, but the British Union.

Prior to joining active politics Netaji visited the whole world. From 1933 to 36 he was in Europe. It was the era of Hitler and Nazism in Europe of Mussolini's fascism.Nazism and Fascism was England's target, the agreement unilaterally imposed on Germany after World War II were the first. They wanted to take him back to England. Enemy's enemy is a friend. Anita called one of them a daughter who currently lives with his family in Germany. Netaji met Hitler. He done extensive work for the British government Japan to Singapore. Captain Mohan Singh Azad Hind where he founded his hands took command of the

and the country's independence. He left Germany in 1943.From there he went to Japan. He arrived from troops. Rash Behari Bose was the leader of Azad Hind Army at that time. Reorganization of the Azad Chandra known as a strong revolution aimed at freeing India from October 21, 1943 the "Azad Hind Government" established and 'Azad Hind Army' formed on the organization's logo on a flag was the

Hind Army. Women Captain Lakshmi Sehgal, Rani Jhansi Regiment which was formed. 'Netaji' Subhas

picture of a tiger roar.Bose and his INA reached the 4 July 1944, Burma. This is his famous slogan, "Give me blood, I will give you freedom given". while Tokyo August 18, 1945 Netaji's death in an air crash occurred near Taiwan, but did not find his body. Netaji's death causes controversy continues even today.

EARLY LIFE

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, then a part of Bengal Presidency, to Janakinath Bose, an advocate and Prabhavati Devi.[14] His parents' ancestral house was at Kodalia village (near Baruipur; now known as Shubhashgram, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal).[15] He was the ninth child of a total of fourteen siblings. He studied at Stewart School, Cuttack, an Anglo school, until the seventh standard and then shifted toRavenshaw Collegiate School. After securing the second position in the matriculation examination of Calcutta province in 1911, he got admitted to thePresidency College where he studied briefly.[16] His nationalistic temperament came to light when he was expelled for assaulting Professor Oaten for the latter's anti-India comments. He later joined Scottish Church College under University of Calcutta and passed his B.A. in 1918 in philosophy.[17] Subhas Chandra Bose left India in 1919 for Great Britain with a promise to his father that he would appear in the Indian Civil Services Examination (ICS). He went to study in Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, and matriculated on 19 November 1919. He came fourth in the ICS examination and was selected but he did not want to work under an alien government which would mean serving the British. He resigned from the civil service job and returned to India.[18] He started the newspaper Swaraj and took charge of publicity for the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee.[19] His mentor was Chittaranjan Das who was a spokesman for aggressive nationalism in Bengal. In the year 1923, Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress. He was also editor of the newspaper "Forward", founded by Chittaranjan Das.[20] Bose worked as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation for Das when the latter was elected mayor of Calcutta in 1924.[18] In a roundup of nationalists in 1925, Bose was arrested and sent to prison in Mandalay, where he contracted tuberculosis.[21]

In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence. Again Bose was arrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged to become Mayor of Calcutta in 1930.[21] During the mid-1930s

Bose travel-led in Europe, visiting Indian students and European politicians, including Benito Mussolini. He observed party organisation and saw communism and fascism in action.[citation needed] By 1938 Bose had become a leader of national stature and agreed to accept nomination as Congress president.

He stood for unqualified Swaraj (self-governance), including the use of force against the British. This meant a confrontation with Mohandas Gandhi, who in fact opposed Bose's presidency,[22] splitting the Indian National Congress party. Bose attempted to maintain unity, but Gandhi advised Bose to form

his own cabinet. The rift also divided Bose and Nehru. Bose appeared at the 1939 Congress meeting on a

stretcher. He was elected president again over Gandhi's preferred candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya.[23] U. Muthuramalingam Thevar strongly supported Bose in the intra-Congress dispute. Thevar mobilised all south India votes for Bose.[24] However, due to the manoeuvrings of the Gandhi-led clique in the Congress Working Committee, Bose found himself forced to resign from the Congress presidency.[25]

RIFT BETWEEN GANDHI AND BOSE

Both Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi were infallibly dedicated to the cause of Indian freedom. They were loved by the masses and feared by the Raj. But between themselves, these two icons of India's freedom movement shared a rather frosty relationship and history is replete with instances of trenchant differences between them. Although Subhash Chandra was a follower of Gandhi during the initial days, the later part of the 1930s witnessed a growing radicalization of his thoughts and Bose became increasingly frustrated with the lack of momentum in the independence movement. As Bose started to assert his bold stance in various party forums, it led to a polarization in the Congress party ranks. Bose found himself frequently at loggerheads with Gandhi and their differences often came out in the public. All these bickering reached a climax when Subhash Chandra Bose became Congress President for a second term in 1939 defeating Gandhi-nominated candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Unable to hide his displeasure, Mahatma commented "Subhash' victory is my defeat." But this unhealthy environment within the party made Bose's task all the more difficult and soon he resigned from his post. Subhash Chandra Bose and Gandhi also disagreed over their visions for the post-Independence Indian state. Bose was influenced by the success of the five-year plans in the Soviet Union and he advocated for a socialist nation with an industrialized economy. Gandhi was opposed to the very concept of industrialization. In spite of all the differences in ideologies, both these great men admired and respected each other. In

1942 Gandhi called Subhash Bose the "Prince among the Patriots" for his great love for the country. Bose too admired Gandhi and in a radio broadcast from Rangoon in 1944, he called Mahatma Gandhi "The Father of Our Nation." In 1928, during the Guwahati Session of the Congress, a difference in the opinion between the old and new members surfaced. The young leaders, as against the traditional leadership, wanted a "complete self-rule and without any compromise". The senior leaders were in favor of the "dominion status for India within the British rule". The differences were between moderate Gandhi and aggressive Subhash Chandra Bose was swelling. The state was so intense that Subhash Chandra Bose had to defeat Pattabhi Sitaramayya, a presidential candidate, nominated by Gandhiji himself. Bose had won the election but without any second thought he resigned from the party. He, then formed the Forward Bloc in 1939.

All India Forward Bloc

Main article: All India Forward Bloc

On 22 June 1939 Bose organised the Forward Bloc,[26] aimed at consolidating the political left, but its

main strength was in his home state, Bengal. U Muthuramalingam Thevar, who was disillusioned by the official Congress leadership which had not revoked the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), joined the Forward Bloc. When Bose visited Madurai on 6 September, Thevar organised a massive rally as his reception.

Bose advocated the approach that the political instability of war-time Britain should be taken advantage ofrather than simply wait for the British to grant independence after the end of the war (which was the view of Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and a section of the Congress leadership at the time). In this, he was influenced by the examples of Italian statesmen Giuseppe Garibaldi andGiuseppe Mazzini. His correspondence reveals that despite his clear dislike for British subjugation, he was deeply

impressed by their methodical and systematic approach and their steadfastly disciplinarian outlook

towards life. In England, he exchanged ideas on the future of India with British Labour Party leaders Laski, J.B.S. Haldane, Ivor Jennings, G.D.H. Cole, Gilbert Murray and Sir Stafford Cripps . He came to

and political thinkers like Lord Halifax, George Lansbury, Clement Attlee, Arthur Greenwood, Harold believe that a free India needed socialist authoritarianism, on the lines of Turkey's Kemal Atatrk, for at least two decades. Bose was refused permission by the British authorities to meet Atatrk at Ankara for meet with Bose when he tried to schedule appointments. Conservative Party officials refused to meet Bose or show him courtesy because he was a politician coming from a colony. In the 1930s leading political reasons. During his sojourn in England, only the Labour Party and Liberal politicians agreed to

figures in the Conservative Party had opposed even Dominion status for India. It was during the Labour the outbreak of war, Bose advocated a campaign of mass civil disobedience to protest against Viceroy Having failed to persuade Gandhi of the necessity of this, Bose organised mass protests

Party government of 19451951, with Attlee as the Prime Minister, that India gained independence. On Lord Linlithgow's decision to declare war on India's behalf without consulting the Congress leadership. inCalcutta calling for the 'Holwell Monument' commemorating the Black Hole of Calcutta, which then released following a seven-day hunger strike. Bose's house in Calcutta was kept under surveillance by the CID.[28]

stood at the corner of Dalhousie Square, to be removed.[27] He was thrown in jail by the British, but was

INA

The Indian National Army was the manifestation of Subhash Chandra Bose's transformation from a Originally the brainchild of expatriate nationalist leader Rash Behari Bose, the INA saw Subhash Chandra assuming the leadership of the outfit as its supreme commander in 1943. With characteristic Government of Free India in Singapore on October 21,

Gandhian freedom fighter to an armed revolutionary challenging the might of the British Empire.

vigor and zeal, Bose set about strengthening the fledgling organization and proclaimed the Provisional

1943.

The Indian National Army was also known as the Azad Hind Fauj and it owed allegiance to the 40,000 troops comprising mainly of Indian expatriates in South Asia and Indian prisoners of war. The

Provisional Government which was recognized by nine Axis states. The INA had a combat strength of INA also boasted of an exclusive women's combat unit named the Rani of Jhansi regiment. As the Japanese troops launched a major offensive through Burma, the Azad Hind Fauj soldiers fought

alongside them in the frontlines and contributed in many victories. Previously in December, 1943 the

Azad Hind government had established its rule in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and renamed them as Shaheed (Martyr) and Swaraj (Self-rule). On 18 April 1944, the INA troops captured the town of Moirang in Manipur and in a glorious display of patriotism, raised an Indian tricolor.

However the INA's total dependence on the Japanese troops for arms and logistics support proved to be its undoing and as the might of the Japanese began to wane, the INA too was forced to retreat. With the subsequent surrender of Japan the INA resistance collapsed and a number of officers and troops were captures by the British. The government brought these officers to the Red Fort in Delhi for court martial but eventually had to relent in the face of nationwide protests and incidents of mutiny in the ranks of British Indian Army.

Subhash Chandra employed his great oratory skills to inspire the troops of Indian National Army. On

July 4, 1944, at a rally of Indians in Burma, Bose famously proclaimed, "Give me blood, and I shall give combatants as they marched towards Indian territory.

you freedom." "Delhi Chalo," another phrase attributed to him, became the clarion call of the INA