TH CHIP TIU CHUN EMV - GII PHP CHNG GIAN LN TH TRONG THANH TON

Th chip l loi th nha trn c gn mt chp vi x l nh mt my tnh nh. B x l v m un bo mt phn cng (HSM) ca chip c tnh nng x l thng tin, lu gi thng tin, lu gi thng tin b mt, x l m ho v thng tin u vo v u ra (I/O). Phn mm bao gm h iu hnh, cc ng dng, cc kho bo mt, s liu v ch th. C 3 loi th chip ang c s dng trn th trng, l: Th chip tip xc, Th chip phi tip xc; Th chip giao din kp. (i) Th chip tip xc vn c nhng c im ging vi th t ch khc c gn mt chip vi x l. (ii) Th chip phii tip xc (cn gi l th tip xc gn) l loi th nha c gn ng ten, ng dng cng ngh tn sut radio (RF). Loi th ny khi s dng khng cn tip xc trc tip vo u my c th trong khong cch cho php l di 10 cm, ph hp vi mi trng giao dch nhanh. (iii) Th chip giao din kp l loi th va c giao din tip xc va c giao din phi tip xc. Ch th ch cn mt ti khon i vi chip tip xc, phi tip xc v gii t. Chng trnh EMV c EMVCo (JCB, MCI, Visa) qun l. EMV l sn phm chung do Europay, MasterCard v Visa cng pht trin vo gia thp nin 1990s c tnh nng m m bo kh nng vn hnh lin thng gia cc th chip v my c thanh ton. Do , chng trnh EMV (th chip EMV, my chp nhn th EMV, cc phn mm, chng trnh qun l)c th coi l ng dng nhiu tin ch v bo mt cao nht trn th trng hin nay. Tuy nhin, vic p dng chun EMV l khng bt buc i vi tt c cc loi th v cng khng phi tt c cc loi th Chip hin nay u tun th theo chun EMV. Chun EMV ch yu c p dng i vi cc loi th c pht hnh bi cc t chc th quc t nh Visa, Master v JCB
n thng 9/2006, hn 250 triu th Chip Visa theo tiu chun EMV c pht hnh trn ton cu (tng 14% so vi 2005) song song vi vic trin khai 6,4 triu my ATM v POS tng thch (tng 27,2% so vi nm 2005). Phn ln trong s th Chip ny c pht hnh v s dng ti chu u. Nm 2006, hn 70% th pht hnh ti chu u l th Chip.

Ti Php, t chc th (Cartes Bancaires) c thnh lp nm 1984 bt u a th Chip vo s dng ti Php u nhng nm 90 ca th k 20 vi vic pht hnh th B0. Ngy nay, c hn 42 triu th chp c pht hnh bi hn 180 ngn hng v cc nh ch ti chnh; cng vi s my ATM l 40,000 v hn 600,000 im chp nhn thanh ton trn khp nc Php. Kinh nghim ca Php cho thy, sau mt vi nm s dng th chp, gian ln th trong ni a gim t khong 25 triu USD nm 1992 xung cn gn nh bng 0 nm 1997. T l gian ln cng ng thi gim xung t 0.078% cn 0.019%. Anh l mt trong nhng th trng th pht trin nht trn th gii vi 35 triu ch th v khong 87,6 triu th ang lu hnh. Th tn dng t lu n su vo h thng thanh ton ca Anh vi 83% ngi trng thnh s hu t nht mt th thanh ton tr ln. ng c chnh thc y Anh chuyn sang s dng th chp l nhm hn ch gian ln th. Nm 1997, ti Anh tn tht n 20.3 triu Bng trong khi cng nm ti Php t l gian ln gi mo ch bng 0. Theo s liu c cng b bi APACS, hip hi thanh ton Anh, tn tht do gian ln th thanh ton gim 65 triu Bng Anh trong nm 2005 xung cn 439.4 triu Bng so vi 504.8 triu Bng trong nm 2004. So vi cc nc khu vc Chu u, khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng ch c 25% th ngn hng pht hnh ra l th Chip. Ti khu vc ny, vic chuyn i th Chip theo tiu chun

EMV ca cc nc ang nhng giai on pht trin khc nhau. Tnh n thnh 3/2007, c khong 67 triu th tn dng EMV c pht hnh, chim 20% tng s th, tng 44% so vi nm trc; s my c th chip khong 1,8 triu, chim 32% tng s my c th, tng 44% so vi nm trc; Hosts thanh ton EMV (ton phn) l 127 tng 34% so vi nm trc. Nht Bn, i Loan Trung Quc, Hn Quc v Malaysia l nhng nc u tin chuyn sang s dng th Chip. Singapore, Thi Lan v Hng Kng l nhng nc ang i ngay sau trong vic p dng tiu chun EMV. Rt nhiu cc nhn t khc nhau nh hng n quyt nh chuyn i t th t sang s dng th Chip ti cc nc ny nhng l do quan trng nht chnh l nhm chng li vic gian ln trong thanh ton th. Ti i Loan, gian ln trong s dng v thanh ton bng th tn dng tr thnh mt vn cc k nghim trng. y l yu t chnh buc i Loan phi t ra thi hn cui cng p dng cc tiu chun EMV cho th Chip l nm 2006. Hin nay c khong 7 triu th EMV c pht hnh v trin khai gn nh 100% u my nhn EMV v cc chng trnh Visa Contactless ang hot ng, a i Loan tr thnh th trng th Chip dn u ti khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng. Trc khi hon thnh k hoch chuyn i sang th Chip, gian ln trong thanh ton th gim. Tn tht do gian ln th thanh ton gim t 10,8 triu USD nm 2002 xung cn 7,6 triu USD nm 2003. Malaysia cng ra thi hn cho vic p dng y cc tiu chun EMV vo nm 2006. Cc tin trnh quan trng c thc hin. Gn 100% thit b u cui v th tn dng c p dng cc tiu chun ny. S tng trng ca cc thit b u cui theo tiu chun EMV u t vic trang b mi v thay th cc cc thit b c. Hip hi Ngn hng Malaysia v cc Ngn hng thnh vin c s hp tc mt thit nhm y nhanh tin trnh chuyn i th Chip. Ti Vit Nam, qu trnh chuyn i t th t sang th chip EMV ang c tin hnh, Ngn hng VPBank l ngn hng u tin ra mt th chip chun EMV dnh cho th ghi n v th tn dng quc t (VPBank Platium MasterCard), nh du mt bc tin mi v cng ngh thanh ton th cn non tr ca Vit Nam. i ph vi tnh trng gian ln th c kh nng chuyn hng sang cc th trng cha p dng chng trnh EMV nh Vit nam hin nay, Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam ang nghin cu xy dng k hoch v l trnh chuyn i sang EMV t nay n nm 2010 cho cc ngn hng thng mi trin khai mt cch ng b theo kp ln sng cng ngh mi ny v mt khc nng cao c nng lc cnh tranh ngay trong th trng trong nc.