1

I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC CNG NGH






V TUN T




TRUYN HNH S TH H 2 (DVB-S2) DNG
M LDPC








LUN VN THC S





H Ni, 2011




2

I HC QUC GIA H NI
TRNG I HC CNG NGH







V TUN T




TRUYN HNH S TH H 2 (DVB-S2) DNG
M LDPC


Ngnh : Cng ngh in T - Vin Thng
Chuyn ngnh: K Thut in T
M s : 60 52 70



LUN VN THC S




H Ni, 2011
3

M u.

Ngy 19/4/2008, Vit nam phng thnh cng v tinh vin thng VINASAT-1 m ra
mt giai on pht trin mi v thng tin lin lc cng nh pht thanh truyn hnh qung
b ca quc gia.
Vinasat-1 c thit k hot ng 2 bng tn: Ku va C. Ku gm 12 knh rng
mi knh l 36 Mhz. Bng C cng c 12 knh trong 10 knh rng 36 MHz cn 2
knh rng 72MHz. Mi knh 36MHz c th mang ng thi 6000 knh thoi hay 12 knh
truyn hnh theo k thut DVB-S.
Do kh nng c th l vng dch v rng ln, thng tin v tinh c s dng cho
nhiu loi hnh dch v, tuy nhin dch v qung b qua v tinh v cc dch v cung cp
qua h thng mng VSAT ha hn vn l cc dch v thu c nhiu li nhun v c u
th vt tri so vi cc dch v khc cung cp qua cc mng vin thng trn mt t. Vi
ng truyn vt l c thit k qua v tinh (ng vai tr nh b pht p) th vic s
dng ng truyn ny th no c hiu qu cao nht l vn c ngha rt quan
trng trong kinh t k thut.
Cng ngh truyn hnh qung b qua v tinh hin nay l cng ngh DVB-S ra i t
nhng nm 1990 s dng iu ch QPSK dng m chp v m Reed-Solomon c hiu
sut ph t 0.8-1.2 bit/Hz ty theo t l m. Cng ngh c nhm ti trong tng lai l
DVB-S2 (chun ra i nm 2003, c coi l th h truyn dn th 2 cho dch v qung
b qua v tinh) s cho php s dng ph c hiu sut tng t 30-130% (tc l hiu sut
ph t 1.2-4.5 bit/Hz). Cng ngh ny c k vng s m mng thm nhiu ng dng
trng iu kin bng tn truyn dn hn ch ng thi c th pht trin cc ng dng c
tc ln nh truyn hnh c phn gii cao HDTV, Internet tc cao, cc dch v d
liu chuyn nghip
c im then cht to nn s khc bit gia DVB-S2 v DVB-S l s dng loi m
sa sai mi l m LDPC. Do ng truyn t v tinh xung mt t l ng truyn di
(36.000 Km), tn hiu b suy gim mnh v chu nhiu can nhiu nn phi c khuch
i v dng m sa sai cp ln do vy nu dng cc m sa sai kiu Turbo kt hp
Reed Solomon s cho hiu sut ph khng cao. Kiu m sa sai LDPC do Gallager
xut (1963) c p dng li, kt hp vi k thut tch sng lp to nn bc t ph
trong vic tng hiu sut s dng ph v c bit c ngha trong truyn hnh v tinh.
Nhm chun b tip thu n u cng ngh mi, lun vn ny sau phn trnh by s
khc bit gia DVB-S2 v DVB-S s i su tm hiu nguyn l v c ch no to ra
c m LDPC mnh nh vy. Hiu nng ca LDPC so vi gii hn Shannon cng s
c chng t n gin qua cng c m phng trong lun vn.

4

Lun vn gm c 4 chng :
Chng 1. S pht trin ca truyn hnh v tinh
Chng 2. C s l thuyt m LDPC
Chng 3: M phng v nh gi hiu qu m LDPC

Chng 1. S pht trin ca truyn hnh v tinh
Trong chng ny chng ti trnh by ba vn , th nht l: c im ca ng
truyn v tinh, th hai l: vi nt lch s pht trin, th ba l: bc tin t DVB-S sang
DVB-S2.
1.1 c im ca ng truyn v tinh[1]
nu bt nhng c im ca truyn hnh v tinh, trc ht ta nh ngha mt s
khi nim v m t cu trc vt l ca h thng ny ri t rt ra nhng c im k
thut tt yu i km theo. Trc ht l Qu o a tnh (GEO): y l qu o trn xung
quanh tri t, nm trong mt phng xch o c cao khong 36786 km so vi ng
xch o. V tinh qu o ny c tc bay ng b vi tc quay ca Tri t
(T=23g5604). Do , v tinh gn nh ng yn so vi cc im trn Tri t. Qu o
a tnh thch hp hn cho cc loi hnh thng tin qung b nh: pht thanh, truyn
hnh vi tm ph sng rng ln, cn cho thng tin thoi (yu cu thi gian thc cao) th
khng c tt, v thi gian tr do truyn sng ln (khong 0.25s).

5


Hnh 1. S in hnh tnh ton ng truyn cho knh thng tin [1]

Trn hnh 1 ta thy rng do tri t hnh cu nn truyn tin xa cch tt nht l pht
tin tc ln v tinh, ri v tinh s pht chuyn tip tin ny n cc ni trn mt t. ng
truyn ny khng b che chn bi bt c th g ch c iu khong cch rt xa tn hiu b
suy gim c 200dB v chu can nhiu trn mt ng truyn di. Ch rng v tinh ch
ng vai tr pht p, tc l chuyn tn hiu trn sng mang thu c (tn s Uplink)
sang tn hiu trn sng mang pht xung (tn s Downlink) m khng trc tip x l
tn hiu bng c s.
1.2 Vi nt lch s pht trin
Th h v tinh thng mi u tin l INTELSAT-1 hay Early Bird ra i vo nm
1965. n u nhng nm 1970 cc h thng v tinh c th cung cp cc dch v trao
i thoi v truyn hnh gia hai lc a. Mi u v tinh ch p ng c cho cc tuyn
dung lng thp, sau nhu cu gia tng tc cng nh s lng thng tin qua v tinh
thc y nhanh chng vic hnh thnh cc h thng v tinh a bp sng v cc k thut
s dng li tn s cho sng mang. K thut u tin c dng cho h thng v tinh l
truyn dn tng t, s dng cng ngh FDM/FM/FDMA. Sau p ng nhu cu gia
tng thng tin, ngi ta tin ti cc phng thc truyn dn tin tin hn nh l
SCPC/FM/FDMA (nm 1980) hay PSK /TDMA v PSK/CDMA. Cc phng thc v
sau da trn truyn dn s qua v tinh khai thc trit do k thut s mang li.
6

K nguyn truyn dn thng tin bng v tinh thc s c hiu qu vo nhng nm 80.
Khi , truyn dn qua v tinh tit kim bng thng v gi thnh khi s dng cc kiu
iu ch QPSK v BPSK. Nhng nm 90, cng ngh pht qung b qua v tinh pht
trin rng ri sau khi ETSI cng b chun DVB-S u tin, kt hp iu ch QPSK vi
sa li hng truyn trong v ngoi (Viterbi v Reed-Solomon).
Cuc cch mng v m sa li kt hp vi cc cu hnh iu ch mi v mt lot cc
c tnh mi l nn tng lm nn tiu chun DVB-S2, cn gi l truyn hnh th h 2. y
l tiu chun mi nht trong cc tiu chun ca ETSI v truyn dn thng tin v tinh.
Kiu iu ch ny cng khp li con ng tim cn gii hn v mt l thuyt (gii
hn Shannon).
DVB-S2 vi hiu sut s dng bng thng tng t 30% n 131% so vi DVB-S
ang c k vng s em li hiu qu to ln khi c p ng, vi kh nng truyn dn
ng thi nhiu dch v c tc ln nh truyn hnh c phn gii cao nh HDTV,
Internet tc cao, truyn s liu v cc ng dng chuyn nghip trn cng mt b
pht p ca v tinh m h thng DVB-S trc kh c th thc hin c.

1.3 Bc tin t DVB-S sang DVB-S2 [3]
Tiu chun DVB-S2 c s thay i khng nhiu trong cu trc so vi DVB-S: trn
hnh 2, ta c th thy m sa sai trong Viterbi v m sa sai ngoi Reed-Solomon c
thay th bng m sa sai LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) v BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-
Hocquenghem) tng ng. Tuy nhin nh phn tch trong chng 2, y chnh l iu ct
li to nn mt bc nhy vt v hiu sut s dng ph vn l mt vn gc r trong
truyn thng v tuyn ca bt k quc gia no.
Ch rng mt m sa sai tt hn l mt m vi cng t l m v t l li ch cn t
s E
b
/N
0
nh hn (tt nhin l tng nht l cng gn n gii hn Shannon). Khi phn
cng sut E
b
/N
0
cn li s c tn dng cho iu ch hng M cao, iu ny s lm cho
hiu sut ph tng thm nhiu (1.2-4.5 bit/Hz DVB-S2 so vi 0.8-1.2 Bit/Hz trong
DVB-S).
7


Hnh 2. S khi chc nng ca h thng DVB-S2.

Ngoi ra, tiu chun mi cng cung cp cc kiu iu ch QPSK(2bit/Hz), 8PSK
(3bit/Hz), 16APSK(4bit/Hz) v thm ch l 32APSK (5 bit/Hz). So snh vi kiu iu ch
QAM, cc cu hnh iu ch APSK (Amplitude and Phase-Shift Keying) cho php vic
b d dng vi b b pht p Transponder phi tuyn.
S khc nhau na v cng l hiu qu ca DVB-S2 so vi DVB-S l kh nng kt hp
cc dng d liu vo mt sng mang, iu ch, m ha thay i v tng thch (VCM v
ACM) v cp bn trong dng d liu khng phi MEPG (non-MEPG).

Hnh 3. Gin chm sao iu ch QPSK
S kt hp cc dng d liu khc nhau s lm tng s lng tn hiu truyn ti trn
mt sng mang. Trong thc t, iu ny c th xem nh s dng b ghp knh (MUX),
nhng li khng phi chu nhng bt li t vic nh li tham chiu thi gian, chng
trnh PCR v s thay i thng tin dch v - thng tin c trng chng trnh (SI PSI).
8




Hnh 4. Cc s iu ch c s dng trong DVB-S2
9

Chc nng iu ch v m ha thay i - VCM (Variable Coding and Modulation) cho
php xc nh mt cu hnh iu ch khc nhau v mc sa li cho mi dng d liu
ring bit trn cng mt sng mang.
Chc nng iu ch v m ha tng thch - ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation)
cho php thay i ng cu hnh iu ch v mc bo v li cho mi khung d liu ph
hp vi cht lng knh truyn. Khi kt hp cc dng d liu vi cc u cui thu c c
cu hi tip, tnh nng ACM c bit thch hp cho vic ti u bng thng cho mt mng
tng tc: cc thng s truyn dn c th c ti u cho mi b u cui v cc nh
hng do thi tit nh l fading do ma c th c b d dng v an ton.
DVB-S2 c v nh l mt b cng c cho cc dch v tng tc: iu ch v m
ha cao cp, tryn ti bt k dng (format) d liu no. Mc tiu ca b cng c DVB-S2
l mt h thng n phc v cho cc ng dng khc nhau.
DVB-S2 vi hiu sut s dng bng thng tng t 30% n 131% so vi DVB-S ang
c k vng s em li hiu qu to ln khi c ng dng, vi kh nng truyn dn
ng thi nhiu dch v c tc ln nh truyn hnh c phn gii cao HDTV,
Internet c tc cao, truyn s liu v ng dng chuyn nghip trn cng mt b pht
p v tinh m h thng DVB-S trc kh c th thc hin c.

Kt lun
DVB-S2 l tiu chun mi nht trong h thng tiu chun DVB cho cc ng dng v
tinh bng rng, vi hiu sut s dng bng thng tng t 30% n 131% so vi cng ngh
DVB-S hin nay. Cng ngh ny thc s l b cng c hu hiu cho cc dch v tng
tc qua v tinh.T chc DVB khng cho rng DVB-S2 s thay th cho DVB-S trong mt
thi gian ngn trong lnh vc qung b truyn hnh thng thng. V rng hng triu b
gii m DVB-S ang hot ng tin cy v ng gp vo nhng thnh cng thng mi v
tinh s trn ton cu nn cc ng dng mi ch c d tnh pht qua v tinh nh truyn
dn HDTV v phn phi cc dch v da trn nn IP s thc hin hiu qu da trn h
thng DVB-S2. Vic kt hp DVB-S2 v cu hnh m ha video v audio mi (v d nh
H.264/AVC/VC-9) c th pht 21-26 chng trnh SDTV hoc 5-6 chng trnh HDTV
trn mt Trasponder 36Mhz. Trong cc ng dng truyn dn chuyn nghip, DVB-S2 c
kh nng cung cp iu ch v m ha tng thch (ACM), tnh nng ny c hiu qu ln
vi cc dch v im im nh l cc trm DSNG nh. Trong cc ng dng mi ny, h
thng DVB-S2 s lm c nhng iu m h thng DVB-S khng th lm c. Hin
nay, DVB-S2 ang c ng dng pht th nghim truyn hnh c phn gii cao
HDTV ti Chu u trn 2 v tinh ASTRA v EUTELSAT.


10

Chng 2. C s l thuyt m LDPC

2.1 Gii hn Shannon ca m knh.[5]
Trc ht l nh l v dung nng knh. Vi mt knh truyn c rng bng B (Hz),
t s cng sut tn hiu trung bnh /cng sut n ti ni thu l P
AV
/P
N
th tc truyn tin
cy cao nht c th t c l:

C =B.
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
N
AV
P
P
1 log
2
(bt/s) (2.1.1)

Truyn tin cy y c hiu l c th t c t l li bit nh ty vi vic chn
mt kiu m thch hp. T s C/B s cho hiu sut ph t c v mt l thuyt trn
ng truyn ny.
Nu thay: P
AV
=(n/T)E
c
, (E
c
lnng lng bit knh, n l s bt trong t m, T chu k
m)
P
N
=BN
0
(N
0
l mt cng sut n)
V chun ha tc bit truyn theo s chiu ca tn hiu D=2B=n/T
Ta c cng thc tc truyn trn 1 chiu tn hiu:

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = = =
0
2
2 1 log
2
1
2 N
E
D
C
B
C
C
c
n
(2.1.2)

Khi cc bit thng tin c m knh vi t l m R
c
=k/n vi nE
c
=kE
b
(nhm ci thin
li t ng truyn vt l) th gii hn ca tc theo E
b
trn mt chiu tn hiu s l:

C
n
= ( )
b c
O
b
c
R
N
E
R 2 1 log .
2
1
2 1 log .
2
1
2 2
+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ (bit/chiu/s) (2.1.3)

Vi k hiu
b
=Eb/No ( T s nng lng bit/ mt cng sut n ).



11


Hnh 6. Knh i xng nh phn.

S dng cng thc dung nng knh tnh theo xc sut li bit p trong ng truyn nh
phn i xng:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) p p p p C
n
+ + = 1 log . 1 log . 1
2 2
(2.1.4)

V xc sut li bit khi iu ch BPSK l:

( )
c b
c
R Q
N
Q p 2
2
0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
E
= (2.1.5)

Thay gi tr p t (2.1.5) vo v phi (2.1.4), v C
n
t (2.1.3) vo v tri (2.1.4), ta c
mt biu thc ch cha
b
v R
c
. Gii R
c
theo
b
bng phng php s, ta c s lin h
theo th hnh 7.
ng vi mi t l m R
c
ta c mt gii hn Shannon tc l mt gi tr E
b
/N
0
nh nht
cho php truyn tin cy (khng th c gi tr nh hn). Ch l th c v vi c 2
phng php quyt nh cng v quyt nh mm.
Cng t phng trnh trn c th thy khi t l m R
c
=1/2, ta c gii hn shannon l:

b
=E
b
/N
0
= 0.188dB. y cng chnh l gii hn Shannon i vi t l m .







12

Chng 3: M phng v nh gi hiu qu m LDPC
chng t hiu qu ca m LDPC tng theo di khi, phn ny s tin hnh nh
gi bng m phng vi cc bn tin ngu nhin i qua knh n Gaus, ri da vo kt qu
nhn c c th so snh vi m sa sai Turbo (m sa sai trong h DVB-S) qua cc ti
liu tham kho.


3.1 S m phng h thng [8]


Hnh 16. S m phng h thng

Cc k hiu trong s ny l:
- m : Bn tin
- c : T m
- x : Tn hiu iu ch BPSK
- n : n AWGN
- y : Tn hiu nhn c
- .
.
c T m c lng
-
.
m: Bn tin c lng

Cc chc nng thc hin trong m phng l
To bn tin ngun
Bn tin k bit mt c to ra vi xc sut cn bng

| | | | 5 . 0 0 Pr 1 Pr = = = =
i i
m m
13

M LDPC
Thc hin thng qua vic gi ma trn sinh G chun b trc, ri nhn G vi m to
nn t m.
iu ch BPSK
y l php nh x dy d liu bit i vi 2 tn hiu nh phn tng t ng vi 2 im:
Eb trn gin chm sao.

} } { { Eb Eb , 1 , 0
Knh v tuyn
C n AWGN vi phn b chun, phng sai N
0
/2 (N
0
mt ph cng sut 1 pha) cng
thm .
Gii m SPA
C nhim v pht hin v hiu chnh li trong t m sau khi i qua knh, t m c
lng c
.
c tha mn cc phng trnh kim tra.
Khi phc bn tin
Bn tin
.
m khi phc li t t m s c so snh vi bn tin gc m trong m phng
m li theo phng php Monter Carlo.
S thut ton cho cc hm c th c m t trong cc phn di y.

3.2 Xy dng ma trn H,G
Phng php to ma trn H y l to ngu nhin km rng buc. Thut ton to H
c 4 tham s u vo:
- N: di khi (t m)
- k: s bt bn tin
- w
c
: trng lng ct (s phn t 1 trn ct).
- reltol: Bin chu dng iu khin tnh tun hon (cn i) trong ma trn
Trng lng hng w
R
c tnh t trng lng ct theo w
C
. N/(N-k) v c lm trn.
m bo tnh nhanh ma trn H, ta ch loi b cc chu k 4 (nu c) trong thut ton
(Tc l chu trnh khp kn 4 on trong gin Tannetr). Thut ton to ma trn H m t
nh hnh sau:
- Tham s i s qut tt c cc ct t 1 n n.
- ng vi mi gi tr i, mt s ngu nhin j c la chn trong dy ngu nhin
Bernulli t 1 n N-k. Nu bng 1 ta s c phn t H(j,i) bng 1.
- Vic to gi tr H(j,i) =1 s c tnh ngu nhin v rng buc s phn t 1 trong
hng v ct bt k bng s cho trc w
c
v w
r.

14

- Vic to ma trn G t H tun theo phng trnh (2.3.7) vn l phi m bo sao
cho c X
-1
. iu ny c m bo t tnh c lp tuyn tnh ca cc hng.

Hnh 17. S to ma trn kim tra chn l.

- Khi c G s to c t m.
3.3 M ha:
M ha thc t phi l thi gian thc v thc hin qua ghi dch song song, tuy nhin
m phng ny khng cp n. Trong m phng thc hin qua nhn ma trn (a s my
tnh c th thc hin php ton ny vi di khi tng i ln).
3.4 Vn c lp tuyn tnh:
Trong biu thc trn ca G, X phi l kh o ca GF(2) (t l cc hng ca X c lp
tuyn tnh). Vic to H ngu nhin khng m bo s c lp tuyn tnh ca ma trn con
X. Vn ny c gii quyt quyt bng cch sp xp li ct ca H m bo ma trn
con X l kh o. Khi 1 phn t ng cho ca X l zero, ct c i ch vi ct tip
theo cha phn t non zero trn hng nh vy. S i ch s to nn ma trn H thc v
Thams vo
(N,K, Wc, reltol) To ma trn H
I=1 K =1 J : S ngu nhin
(1N-K)
Cho H(j,i) - 1
C hng 1?
H(j,i) =1 c
to chu k 4
k =Wc?
I =N?
Tr li H, Rj
v Ci to
Workspace
Tng I Tng K
I/N>reltol?
H(j,i) c 1
Sn sng ?
yes
yes
yes
no no
yes
no
yes
no
no
15

phi c ghi nh li nhm sp xp li cc bt t m c theo sau vic m ha lm cho
Syndrome (Hc=0) c tha mn khi dng ma trn H ban u. Thng tin sp xp li cng
c yu cu ti b thu khi phc bn tin gc. Phng php sp xp li ct c
xut bi Arun.[ ].
Ch l cc vn nh vy c th c trnh c khi thc hin phng php to
ma trn kim tra khc cho ngay s c lp tuyn tnh ca ma trn con X.

3.5 Gii m lp
C 2 phng php l gii m quyt nh cng v gii m quyt nh mm nh ni
chng 2.
Quyt nh cng: quyt gi tr bit ti im thu gii m MAP.
Gi tr cua hm kh nng ca hnh sau l:

Hnh 18. Likelihood funtions for BPSK modulation over an AWGN channel

( )
( )
(
(

+
=
0
2
0
1
1
N
E y
b
e
N
s y f

(3.5.1)
( )
( )
(
(

=
0
2
0
1
1
N
E y
b
e
N
s y f

(3.5.2)

La chn ti u cho b thu MAP ti thiu li s l chn bin quyt nh tc l:
| | error Pr min
: Xc sut li nh mt hm ca
16


( ) | |
( )
| |
( )
} }

(
(

+
(
(

- + - =

dy e
N
S dy e
N
S
N
E y
N
E y
ERROR
b b
0
2
0
2
0
1
0
2
1
Pr
1
Pr Pr
(3.5.3)

Gi tr ti u ca l gi tr ti thiu phng trnh trn v s l ngng quyt nh cho
b thu MAP. (biu thc trn ch ng cho iu ch BPSK qua knh AWGN).
Quyt nh mm: yu cu x l vecto t m trc khi quyt nh gi tr bit. C nhiu
phng phm mm khc nhau. y ch trnh by hiu qu ca thut ton cho qua bn
tin ca b gii m thut ton tng-tch (SPA).

3.6 Thut ton SPA.[8]
Phng php gii m da trn cho bn tin nhn c qua li gia node kim tra v
node gi tr theo th tanner. Theo mi bc chy, thut ton xc nh quyt nh mm
mi da trn xc sut sau v to nn 1 c lng t m. nh ngha cc k hiu sau:
H: ma trn kim tra tnh chn l (n-k)
th
i
i C : bit ca n bit t m
( ) | |
i i
y b c b Pi = Pr :
:
j
R t v tr ct ni c H(j,i) =1 i vi hang th
th
j
C
i
: t v tr hng ni c H(j,i) =1 i vi ct th
th
j
j
R ~ i: t
j
R nh hn ct i
i
C ~j: t
i
C nh hn hng j
( ) b r
ji
: Pr| | Nutkiemtra
( ) ( ) | |
i i ji i ij
y j C b r b c b q , ~ Pr : e =
Trong thut ton bn tin s i t node kim tra n node bin v t node bin n node
kim tra tip theo nh l bn tin r
ji
(b) v q
ij
(b).


17


Hnh 19. M t gii m lp

3.7 nh gi hiu qu
nh gi hiu qu m LDPC trong cc ti liu tham kho [8] c th thy trn hnh 21
v 22.

Hnh 22. M Turbo v m LDPC I = 1784. [11]

Theo kt qu trn hnh 21 v 22 c th rt ra cc nhn xt sau:
- Khi di khi trong m LDPC tng: 96,204,408 ng cong cng gn gii hn
shannon = 0.188Db, v ng cong ny hiu qu hn m Hamming rt nhiu.
- vng Eb/No thp m LDPC m LDPC hiu qu hn m Turbo. Cn vng
Eb/No >1.2dB m Turbo hiu qu hn. ng truyn v tinh cho thy s dng m
LDPC tt hn v thy Eb/No nh.
Da trn chng trnh m tham kho [8] lun vn chy m phng kim tra li vi
cc tham s u vo: 96, 204, 240 Rc = Wc =3 cho kt qu trn hnh 23.
Vi cc tham s thay i: 96, 240, 408 Rc = 2/5, Wc = 4 cho kt qu trn hnh 24.
18




Hnh 23. Kt qu m phng vi khi 96, 204, 240, cng tc m R
c
=1/2, w
c
=3

3.8 Nhn xt
- M phng m LDPC vi tc R
c
=1/2 kt hp iu ch BPSK cho thy hiu
qu m tng mnh theo di khi (trn hnh l di khi tng t 96, 204, 240).
- Tuy nhin thi gian chy m phng do cha kt hp x l song song ko di
lu khi tng di khi m.(vi gi ng h) n 1 ngy.
- Khi thay i t l m Rc = Wc =3, Rc =2/5 Wc =4 th hiu qu ng cong
ti i.
- Cc kt qu ny ph hp vi cc nghin cu l thuyt v cc kt qu cc ti
liu tham kho.
- Kt qu m phng ph hp vi nhng kt qu tham kho v cho thy ti min
E
b
/N
0
nh m LDPC c hiu qu cao hn m Turbo. y chnh l th mnh ca m
LDPC khi p dng vo ng truyn v tuyn.

19




Hnh 24. Kt qu m phng vi cc khi 96, 240, 408, cng tc m R
c
=2/5, w
c
=4















20

Kt Lun

Hin ti Vit nam c Vinasat-1 v ang c d n chun b phng Vinasat-2. Cc
chng trnh pht trin Vin thng quc gia ang c thc hin cng vi vic p dng
nhng thnh tu cng ngh mi nht. Trong s ny c vic p dng k thut m ha
LDPC cho tiu chun truyn hnh th h 2.
Nhm cp nht cng ngh mi n u, lun vn chn ti Truyn hnh DVB-
S2 s dng m LDPC. Qua mt thi gian hc tp nghin cu ti hiu c c s l
lun cng nh nhng thao tc k thut then cht to nn m ny. Vic m phng kim
chng cho thy s ph hp gia l thuyt v kt qu nhn c.
Phn pht trin tip theo khi c iu kin s l xy dng cu trc x l song song
tng tc thi gian x l khi p dng m c di khi ln.