CCNA Core Concepts

Chapter 1: Standard Internetworking Models

Talton Walker

Types of Internetworks
Local

Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Storage Area Network (SAN) Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

Application Layer (7)

Telnet HTTP/HTTPS FTP TFTP DNS SMTP POP3 NFS NNTP SNMP

NTP

DHCP

Presentation Layer (6)

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) TIFF GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) PICT MPEG MIDI QuickTime RTF

Session Layer (5)

NFS SQL RPC ASP X Window DNA SCP

NTP DHCP

Transport Layer (4)

Responsible for:

Fault Detection Error Recovery Establishing, maintaining, and tearing down virtual circuits

Transport layer provides reliable networking via acknowledgements, sequencing, and flow control Layer 4 protocols include:

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)

Network Layer (3)

IP Layer Controls Routing of Data Protocols include:

Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) AppleTalk DDP Data Packets the actual data being transmitted Route Update Packets updates sent to neighboring routers so that

There are two types of packets:

Data Link Layer (2)

Broadcast

Domain - group of nodes that can

receive each others broadcast messages, segmented by a router Collision Domain group of nodes that share the same media, segmented by a switch. CSMA/CD

Media Access Control (MAC)

The hard-coded address on the NIC 48 bits, 12 hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F) The first 6 hex digits identify the manufacturer The last 6 hex digits are specific to that device Complements the MAC layer Framing, error, and flow control

Logical Link Control (LLC)

Physical Layer (1)

The physical media data will traverse Specification of voltage, wire speed, and pin-out cables Capability to send/receive a signal

TCP/IP Model

Cisco 3-Layer Hierarchical Model