HIN TRNG PHT TRIN THY IN TRN CC LU VC SNG VIT NAM

1. Tin nng thy in ca Vit nam Tim nng thy in ca h thng sng ngi VN rt phong ph, phn b tng i u trn lnh th vi y cc dng nh my v quy m cng sut. VN c hn 3.000 km b bin, bnh qun c 23 km li c 1 ca sng v khong 2.360 sng sui chiu di trn 10 km, trong h thng sng chnh c tim nng thy in ng k. Tng tim nng thu in VN d tnh khong 14.000 n 17.000 MW, trong c khong 3.000 MW c pht trin v khong 800 MW ang c xy dng. Cng sut ca thy in hin nay chim khong 55% ca tng cng sut lp t ton h thng lin kt, khong 5.300 MW. Tim nng l thuyt: L nng lng tim tng ca dng nc chy tnh t thng ngun n ca sng. cc nghin cu t trc ti nay xc nh c tim nng l thuyt ca cc sng ngi VN vo khong 300 t kWh v c phn theo cc vng nh sau: Min Bc: Min Trung: Min Nam: 181 t kWh 89 t kWh 30 t kWh

Min Bc tnh t Cao Bng cho n ht H Tnh, min Trung tnh t Qung Bnh n ht c Lc v Khnh Ho, min Nam l phn cn li. Tim nng kinh t - k thut: L nng lng c th khai thc c vi trnh k thut hin ti v c hiu qu v phng din kinh t. Theo nh gi ca nhiu cng trnh nghin cu, tim nng KT-KT ca thu in VN vo khong gn 100 t kWh/ nm v phn b nh sau: Min Bc: Min Trung: Min Nam: 50.13 t kWh/nm 20.29 t kWh/ nm 12.254 t kWh/ nm

2. Pht trin thy in Vit nam Theo cc nh khoa hc, thy in chim t trng ln trong c cu sn xut in Vit Nam v ng vai tr quan trng cho an ninh nng lng quc gia. Ngoi mc tiu pht in, cc nh my thy in cn c nhim v ct v chng l cho h du trong ma ma bo, ng thi cung cp nc cho h du phc v nhu cu dn sinh trong ma kit.

Vi 2.360 dng sng l iu kin nc ta pht trin thy in. Tnh n nm 2010, c nc c 75 cng trnh thy in ln v khong trn 470 cng trnh thy in nh, vi cng sut t 1.000 n 3.000 MW. Trong , sng ng Nai dn u v s cng trnh thy in ln 17/75 cng trnh (22,6% tng s cng trnh trn ton quc). Khng ai ph nhn, thy in ng vai tr quan trng cho an ninh nng lng quc gia. Theo s in VII v 9 nhm gii php v pht trin thy in c Chnh ph ph duyt n nm 2020, nng tng cng sut thy in t 17.400 MW, chim 23,1% trn tng s 75.000MW tng ngun in nng Quc gia. Theo , ngun lc thy in c khai thc tp trung cc h thng Sng 6.800MW, ng Nai 3.000 MW, S San 2.000MW, L Gm 1.600MW, Vu Gia- Thu Bn 1.500 MW, M - Chu 760MW, Sng C 480MW, Sng Hng 280MW, Sng Ba H 550MW, v tim nng thy in nh c tng cng sut khong 3.000MW. Di y l bng thng k cc cng trnh v d n thy in trn lu vc cc sng ca Vit Nam tnh n 2010. (Ngun B mn Xy dng Cng trnh Thy li Thy in, Khoa Cng trnh thy, i hc Xy dng). Chi tit xem trn bn km theo. CC CNG TRNH THY IN MIN BC TT Cng trnh thy in Lu vc sng Thao 1 So Choong H 2 Ngi Pht 3 T Li 4 Nm Si 5 Ngi Bo 6 Thm Dng 7 Nm Xy Lung 8 Chu Linh 1 9 Chu Linh 2 10 Ngi Ht 1 11 Ngi Ht 2 12 Nm ng 4 Lu vc sng 13 DA Thy in Lai Chu 14 Mng T 15 Nm Cm 16 Pa Ha 17 Nm M 18 K Giao 19 Nm Nhn 20 N Phay 21 Thc Trng 22 Nm He 2 Cng sut (MW) 19 70 5 5 40 15 7 30 40 8,5 9,4 4,2 1200 10 9 42 4 36 3 4 6,5 6

TT Cng trnh thy in 23 Nm Mc 24 Bn Trc 25 Nm Kim 26 Hui Quang 28 Nm Chin 29 Sn La 30 Nm Sp1 31 Nm Sp 2 32 Ha Bnh Lu vc sng L Gm Chy 33 Thi An 34 Sng Min 35 Nho Qu 1 36 Nho Qu 2 37 Khui Ru 38 Lng Thin 39 Bn Gic 40 Nm Mu 41 Bc M 42 Nm Ngu 43 Nm Pu 44 S Pn 45 Sng Bc 46 Tuyn Quang 47 o Khch 48 Bc Giang 49 u ng 50 Vn Lang 51 Bn Nhng 52 Na L 53 Hng Li 1 54 Hng Li 2 55 Bnh Nghi 56 Thc B 57 Khch Kh 58 Hp Thnh 59 Ph Ba ch

Cng sut (MW) 36 200 1,4 540 78 2400 5,4 10 1900 40 5 41 68 11 11 10 8 280 10 35 34 26 842 5 5 6 18 5 90 5,5 4 17,5 120 5 7 10

CC CNG TRNH THY IN MIN TRUNG V TY NGUYN TT Cng trnh thy in Lu vc sng M - Chu 1 T C 2 Cao Pa 3 Bn Un 4 La Han 5 Cm Ngc 6 Pha ng 7 Ca t 8 Hua Na 9 Lng Ngi Lu vc sng C 10 Nm Png 11 Bn Cc 12 Bn V (La) 13 Bn Khi 14 Nhn Hc 15 Chu Thn 16 Khe Bo 17 Yn Thng 18 Hng Sn 19 Tri Hi Lu vc sng Hng; Vu Gia-Thu Bn 20 D n Thy in (DAT) Cam L (sng Cam L) 21 DAT S Cng LV sng Hng 22 DAT Bnh in LV sng Hng 23 DAT Dng Ha LV sng Hng 24 DAT T Trch LV sng Hng 25 A Vng 1 26 Sng Cn 2 27 Sng Bung 2 28 Sng Bung 4 29 Sng Bung 5 30 Sng Ging 31 c Mi 1 32 c Mi 2 33 c Mi 4 34 Sng Tranh 1 35 Sng Tranh 2 Lu vc sng Tr Khc sng Cn 36 c Drinh 2 37 c Drinh 1 38 Nc Trong 4 Cng sut (MW) 15 13 275 20 20 5 97 180 20 30 18 300 6 18 13,5 68 26 30 23 3 180 20 180 15 380 57 49 64 6 36 7 7 10 108 37 10 25 9

TT Cng trnh thy in 39 c Selo 40 c Lo 41 c Xorach 42 c Re 43 Sng Nga 44 Sng Cn 45 Khe Cch 46 Tr Xm Lu vc sng Ba; sng Ci (Khnh Ha) 47 Kanak 48 An Kh 49 c srng 50 Sng Ba thng 51 Sng Ba h 52 Ea Krng Nng 53 Sng Hinh 54 en 55 Ea Krngru 56 Sng Giang 57 Sng Ch Lu vc sng S San 58 c Re 59 c Pa 60 c Ne 61 Yaly 62 S San 3 63 S San 4 64 Ayun Thng 65 Ayun H Lu vc sng Srepok 66 Bn Tou Srah 67 Ch Png Krng 68 Bun Kup 69 Srepok 3 70 Srepok 4 71 Ea Krng Kma

Cng sut (MW) 9 5 9 2 14 8 5 15 18 25 20 80 72 8 70 6 28 21 7 18 24 22 720 260 340 12 3 28 80 52 42 56 11

CC CNG TRNH THY IN MIN NAM TT Cng trnh thy in Lu vc sng ng Nai 1 k keh 2 Cn n 3 B Gia Mp 4 c Xuyn 5 Thc M 6 ng Nai 3 7 ng Nai 4 8 ng Nai 5 9 ng Nai 6 10 m Bri 2 11 i Nga 12 ng Nai 2 13 a Dng 14 Mng Lin 15 a Nhim 16 i Ninh 17 Sng ng 18 Bo Lc 19 Bc Bnh 20 Tr An 21 ng Nai 1 22 Hm Thun a Mi 23 La Ngu 24 Ta Pao 25 Sng Dinh 26 an Sch 3. Tc ng ca thy in n mi trng [6] a. Tc ng n ngun li t v h sinh thi trn t. Khi xy dng h cha nc v nh my thu in, Nh nc s phi trng dng vng t ngp nc, gia c b chn sng, a mt s cng trnh v khu vc sinh hot cho cn b, cng nhn xy dng, xy dng khu ti nh c cho ngi dn sinh sng t trc khu vc h cha nc... Hin nay, din tch cc h cha nc cc cng trnh thu in Nga chim khong 0,3% qu t ca nc ny, Canada 0,6% v M l 0,8%. T l din tch t ngp nc trn 1 triu kWh thu in hin nay Nga l 6 ha, M l 6,5 ha v Canada l 6,9 ha/1 triu kWh. Ch s ny c xu th cn tip tc gim xung. Cc bin php gim tc ng n ngun li t trong xy dng v vn hnh cc cng trnh thu in bao gm: 6 Cng sut (MW) 8 120 6 8,7 150 250 280 175 215 70 8 188 6 7,5 160 300 7,5 24 45 400 285 475 17 4 5 6

- Chia nh knh x nc theo mc s dng nng lng. Xy dng cng trnh u mi nc dn mc thp v trung bnh thay cho mt u mi mc nc cao. Bin php ny cho php gim c din tch ngp nc nhiu ln. - Xy dng h thng x/thot nc, gim lu lng x nc, m bo ch ti u nc khng kh trong t to tin cho nhng v thu hoch nng sn lng cao, bo v an ton cc th gn cng trnh. - Xy dng p bo v cng trnh. b. Tc ng n th gii ng vt. H cha nc ca cc cng trnh thu in chim mt din tch rt ng k t ngp nc, lm mt i h qun th thc vt, vn l thc n nui sng ng vt. Hu qu l nhiu loi ng vt cng b tiu dit hoc phi di c n ni khc sinh sng. V vy, khi thit k xy dng h cha nc bt buc phi c cc tnh ton v thit hi i vi th gii ng vt, tnh ton thit hi v kinh t. V phi tnh n cc bin php hon b t, ci to, tng ph nhiu ca t, ci thin iu kin cho thc vt pht trin v p dng cc bin php cng ngh sinh hc khc ci to t. c. Tc ng n h sinh thi di nc. Tc ng ca cc h cha nc v hot ng ca nh my thu in s lm thay i h sinh thi di nc khu vc c cng trnh thu in. H sinh thi sng s phi nhng v tr cho h sinh thi h ti khu vc h cha nc. Trong cc d n hin nay v h cha nc, ngi ta u tin hnh d bo cht lng nc, trong phi tnh n cc c im thot nc t nhin, nh hng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng, cc qu trnh lu chuyn nc trong vng. Kt qu d bo cht lng c trnh by di dng cc ch tiu thu ho v thu sinh hc. Vic nh gi cht lng nc c thc hin bng cch so snh kt qu d bo vi nng gii hn cho php cc thnh phn khc nhau, quy nh trong cc ti liu tiu chun quy phm. d. Tc ng ca cng trnh thu in n ng trng. Xy dng cng trnh thu in s hn ch cc lung di c/ bn di c ca cc loi c, lm thay i iu kin sinh sn, c nguy c lm kit qu ngun thc n ca c ti cc cng trnh ly nc ti nh my thu in. Kt qu l ngun thu sn b gim, c bit l cc loi c qu him, trong mt s trng hp cn b tuyt chng. ngn nga cc hu qu tiu cc ny, trong cc d n thu in hin nay, ngi ta cho p dng cc bin php c bit, trong c bin php xy dng cng trnh bo v c, cho c qua li v to lp c s thc n cho c. e. Hu qu i vi vi kh hu. 7

Cc h cha nc ln s tc ng n vi kh hu cc vng ln cn, c th gim nhit cc tr ca kh quyn. Nhit cao nht v ma h c th gim xung 2-3 oC, ma ng tng ln 1- 2oC, m khng kh cng c th thay i. V d: Vng h lu ca cc cng trnh thu in ln Sibiri chu tc dng tiu cc v vi kh hu. Ti khu vc ny v ma ng, nc nng chy di trong mt khng gian ln khng ng bng hon ton, l nguyn nhn gy ra hin tng sng m, gy kh khn cho sinh hot ca nhn dn trong vng v lm thay i theo hng tiu cc h sinh thi khu vc. i ph vi hu qu tiu cc v thay i vi kh hu, xut hin vng h lu cc h cha nc Sibiri, ngi ta nghin cu xy dng kt cu c bit cho cc cng trnh ly nc, cho php iu ho c ch nhit ca nc vng h lu bng cch lm tng vy che nc cc su khc nhau trong h cha nc, do lm gim c khong cch / khng gian nh hng ca nc nng. Trong tng lai, kt cu c bit ca cng trnh dn nc nng ny c th c p dng cho cc cng trnh thu in trn cc sng min ng Sibiri v Vin ng. f. Hu qu v x hi. Tc ng ca cng trnh thu in n tnh hnh x hi khu vc xy dng cng trnh, trc ht l phi di di dn ra khi khu vc cng trnh v vng s b ngp nc. Tc ng tiu cc th hai l s thay i iu kin kh hu, sinh thi s gy nh hng n sc kho v hot ng trong i sng ca nhn dn. Ngoi ra, c th c nhng thay i iu kin tc ng ca cng trnh thu in n mi trng thin nhin. Qu trnh di di, ti nh c cho ngi dn tng sng khu vc cng trnh thu in l vn phc tp nht. di di dn, cn phi xy dng cc im ti nh c thun tin cho sinh hot, phi xy dng cc cng trnh k thut, to thnh t hp cc cng trnh vn ho x hi. Ngoi ra, cc d n cng trnh thu in phi c xem xt ph hp vi quy nh ca lut php hin hnh v n b gi tr cng trnh. Trong cc d n cng trnh thu in hin i, ngi ta xem xt ton b cc bin php c lin quan vi nhau v c trnh by trong mt phn c bit gi l Chng trnh x hi xy dng. Mc tiu ca chng trnh ny l nhm gim nh cng thng v x hi, gim tc ng tiu cc ca cng trnh n i sng x hi, ci thin iu kin sng cho ngi dn a phng. Yu cu l phi tun th quy nh ca Lut Bo v mi trng s lm tng chi ph chun b khu vc xy dng h cha nc. Khon chi ph ny thng thng chim t 20 n 50% tng chi ph cm cng trnh thu in, trong mt s cng trnh c bit, khon chi ph ny c th chim ti 70% tng chi ph.

Lin quan n yu cu v bo v mi trng trong khai thc cng trnh thu in, gn y xut hin khi nim An ton sinh thi. An ton sinh thi l trng thi bo v li ch sinh thi quan trng i vi i sng con ngi, trc ht l to ra trng thi sch, m bo thun li cho sc kho con ngi v mi trng thin nhin. Nu xem xt theo cc tiu ch ny, th nh my thu in v h cha nc khng thi ra cht c hi, gy nhim khng kh, m s cht thi do nh my thu in x ra nm trong phm vi cho php ca quy nh hin hnh. y chnh l nhng iu kin nh my thu in vn tip tc pht trin trn phm vi ton th gii. 4. Mt s bt cp trong vn pht trin thy in Vit Nam [3,4,5] Thy in chim t trng ln trong c cu sn xut in ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, theo cc chuyn gia, nhng bt cp ang dn l r trong cng tc qun l xy dng v vn hnh cc cng trnh thy in. Thc t, sau khong thi gian pht trin thy in nc ta lm ny sinh nhng vn nh: Mt rng, suy thoi a dng sinh hc, mt t sn xut lm nh hng n cuc sng ngi dn, thay i ch dng chy ca cc dng sng v mt s nh my thy in khng thc hin c vai tr ct l vo ma ma, iu tit nc vo ma kh khin cc nh khoa hc phi nhn nhn li vn pht trin thy in. Theo cc chuyn gia, hn 90% cng trnh thy in trn c nc cha th m nhn nhim v iu tit l vo ma ma v iu tit nc cho vng h du vo ma kh hn. Ngoi ra, cht lng ca cc cng trnh thy in cng cn phi c xem xt li. Ngy 5/10/2007 ang trong giai on thi cng , p chnh h Ca t ca cng trnh Thy li Thy in Ca t, Thanh Ha v toang cun theo hng trm ngn m 3 t , e da nhiu tuyn v hng chc vn ngi dn sinh sng dc cc trin sng. t nht 3 ngi cht, gn 30 ngi dn phi bm trn cy ku cu sut m. C mt on p chnh vi chiu di khong 50m b cun tri trong chc lt. Mt chuyn gia c kinh nghim trong xy dng cc cng trnh h p cho bit: C khong 600.000m3 t b cun tri trong s c ny. c tnh thit hi ln ti 200 t ng, cha k n tin cng trnh s b chm tr nhiu thng. Kt qu kho st thng tin v phng vn ca nhm nghin cu ca Trung tm Con ngi v Thin nhin (PanNature) i vi cc Ban Qun l rng c dng cho thy, c ti 47 khu rng c dng hoc c nguy c b nh hng bi thy in, vi khong 119 d n thy in ln, nh c quy hoch trong hoc xung quanh cc rng c dng ny. Ti cc khu rng c dng c d n thy in, mt phn b d n thy in kh cao. Tnh trung bnh, mi vn quc gia, khu bo tn phi cng khong 2,5 d n thy in, tp trung nhiu nht cc tnh min Trung v Ty Nguyn (gn 51%). ng ch L Phc Thanh - Ch tch UBND tnh Qung Nam cho rng: Trong qu 9

trnh xy dng v vn hnh cc nh my thy in, nhiu vn phc tp ny sinh khng c gii quyt thu o trn c s cc cn c khoa hc vng chc s li nhiu hu qu xu v mi trng sinh thi, nh hng tnh nguyn vn ca cc dng sng. Tnh trng ngp lt vng h du do thy in x l; vn an ton p; cng tc ti nh c, hu ti nh c, nhn dn thiu t sn xut, tim n nguy c ti ngho cao, h tng ti nh c cha tnh n yu t ph hp vi i sng, phong tc v bn sc vn ha ca ng bo cc dn tc thiu s. Nhiu h dn b khu ti nh c tr v khu vc trc kia tm k sinh nhai nh nh my Thy in Bn V Ngh An. Thy in cha lm tt chc nng iu tit l, cung cp nc cho sn xut v sinh hot vo ma kh v gn y nht l s c r r nc ti thn p Thy in Sng Tranh 2 lm cho chnh quyn v nhn dn ht sc lo lng. TS o Trng Hng, thnh vin Ban Thng v Mng li sng ngi Vit Nam tha nhn: Pht trin thy in lm mt rng, nh hng n bo tn a dng sinh hc, mt t sn xut, xi mn, bi lng lng h. Trong , mng li sng ngi b thay i thy vn, mt nc vng h lu, chia nc lu vc, bin dng a mo ven b vng ca sng, gy a chn - ng t, tc ng xu n h sinh thi thy vc v nhim ngun nc. Hng vn ngi dn khu vc h lu sng Vu Gia (Ho Vang Nng) ang b thiu nc nghim trng, hng chc ngn hcta t nng nghip trong vng b hn, mt s khu vc b nhim mn... y l hu qu ca sai lm trong tnh ton, lp quy hoch v thu in trn sng Vu Gia Thu Bn, vic ngn dng, iu tit nc cho cng trnh thu in Dk Min Theo bo co ca UBND thnh ph Nng gi b Ti nguyn v mi trng thng 5 nm 2009, tnh trng thiu nc vng h du sng Vu Gia l rt nghim trng, trong , do bo co cn bng nc v nh gi hiu ch h du cc cng trnh thu in trn sng Vu Gia Thu Bn do vin Quy hoch thu li lp nm 2002 c nhng sai lm ln. Lng nc phc v sinh hot, nng nghip, cng nghip v du lch c tnh ton trong bo co ny l rt nh so vi thc t. Do tnh ton sai v cn bng nc, nhng ngi lp quy hoch chn sai thng s thu vn u vo tnh ton. H s dng thng s v lu lng kit thay cho thng s lu lng nc trung bnh thng, trong khi hai thng s ny c chnh lch nhau rt ln. Thm vo , mt lot cc cng trnh thu in ln lt c xy dng trn sng Vu Gia, khin tnh hnh thiu nc cui ngun sng cng thm nghim trng. n v t vn d n thu in Dk Min 4 cn nhm ln t hi l: chuyn nc sng Dk Min v sng Thu Bn, m khng tr li cho sng Vu Gia. Bi v, trn thc t, tuy c mt lng nh nc sng Thu Bn chy v sng Hn qua sng Vnh in, nhng khng s dng c, do sng Vnh in b nhim mn quanh nm. Cho n thng 7.2008, cng trnh 10

thu in A Vng 1, khi ngi ta chn dng tch nc vo h, gy ra mt t thiu nc nghim trng h lu sng Vu Gia. Theo tnh ton, c khong 10.000ha t nng nghip y b hn hn, v nh my nc Nng b nhim mn nng. Trong khi , dng c bn ca thu in A Vng mi ch bng 1/3 dng c bn ca thu in Dk Min 4. Cho nn, ai cng c th thy, nu chuyn hon ton nc ca sng Vu Gia v Thu Bn, s c mt thm kch v mi trng. Tnh trng cng tng t i vi sng Srepok. Nm 2010, hn 20 km sng Serepok qua rng Yok on cn kh v thy in Serepok 4A chn dng. Nhng g v ang xy ra h lu sng Vu Gia v Srepok , l v d in hnh v tc ng nguy hi ca mt s cng trnh thu in n mi trng .

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Lng sng kh khc v thy in tch nc (ngun; Bo in t Cng an thnh ph nng)

Sng cn tr thnh a bn ca cc i tng ph rng v khai thc vng. (ngun; Bo in t Cng an thnh ph nng) Pht trin thy in cn gy nh hng n bo tn a dng sinh hc. Nhiu khu bo tn thin nhin nh Ct Tin cn c ti 6 d n, Hong Lin c 6 d n, khu bo tn Sng Tranh c 7 d n... nh hng lin hon n sinh cnh cc loi qu him c trn cn v di nc v cc hnh lang bo tn.; hay vic x nc ca cc cng trnh thy in gy l lt, nh hng nghim trng n sn xut v sinh hot ca ngi dn, nh: h Du Ting (Ty Ninh) khi l ln c th phi x 2.800m3/s, nhng mi x khong 600m3/s th gy lt ln h du. Nm 2010, h K G x khong 500m 3/s gy ngp ln cho Quc l 1, trong khi nu c l rt ln th h phi x 1.500m 3/s. Do thiu nhng quy nh y v c th cho vn hnh h cha nh vy, nn kh phn nh trch nhim khi xy ra nhng thit hi h du do x l. Hay nh Thy in Sng Tranh 2 khi x l khng thng bo cho dn bit. Kt qu l gy thit hi: lm mt t la nc, t rng trng, t nng ry, cy cng nghip, vn nh, t mu ven sng sui, t ao c, v t bi chn gia sc, gia cm. R rng, pht trin thy in l cn thit. l ngun nng lng sch v ti to. Trong bi cnh cc ngun nng lng ha thch (than, du m...) ang cn dn, cc nh my in ht nhn tim n nguy c thiu an ton, ngi ta c bit ch trng n cc ngun nng lng ti to, trong c thy in. Tuy nhin, pht trin thy in th no cho hiu qu, pht trin m bo tnh bn vng l vn ang rt cn phi bn n. 5. Cn pht trin thy in mt cch bn vng [3]

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Theo nh gi ca Ngn hng pht trin chu (ADB) v Quy hoch in VI nm 2009 nhn nh rng, ri ro ti a dng sinh hc l rt trm trng v cc p thy in u nm gn cc vng a dng sinh hc cao v nhy cm. Nhiu khu rng c dng c xc nh c mc ri ro cao v a dng sinh hc, c bit l cc loi nguy cp v c tm quan trng ton cu nh: H, voi (Qung Nam), t gic, b tt (Ct Tin), sao la (Hu, H Tnh)... Trong khi , theo nh gi mi trng chin lc cho Quy hoch in VII, ch tnh ring din tch rng b mt do xy dng ng truyn ti in ln ti 14.000 ha, cc h sinh thi 39 khu vc c a dng sinh hc cao v 59 khu vc bo tn c nguy c b ph v v b chia ct h sinh thi. Do vy, m bo mc tiu pht trin thy in hi ha vi bo tn a dng sinh hc bn vng, cn ci thin quy trnh ra quyt nh, bng cch tng cng s phi kt hp gia cc bn lin quan, cng nh nng cao cht lng trong s tham gia ca cc bn lin quan. Bn cnh , cn nng cao nhn thc v vai tr ca a dng sinh hc, nng lc qun l bo tn, nng cao cht lng thc hin cc nh gi tc ng mi trng, nh gi mi trng chin lc song hnh vi vic lp quy hoch. C th ni, vi nhu cu nng lng ngy cng tng nh hin nay th sn xut nng lng p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi cn cn n nhiu nc hn na v thy in c l vn c duy tr v tr ng u sn xut nng lng. Th nn, kim sot cht ch tc ng ca vic xy dng cc cng trnh thy in thng qua cc ch s k thut, cng nh cc bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng trc khi xy dng cc cng trnh ny l ti cn thit v khng c bung lng. pht trin thy in mt cch bn vng, theo cc chuyn gia, cn phi minh bch thng tin; pht trin thy in cn phi c s tham gia ca tt c cc bn lin quan t qu trnh quy hoch, thit k, xy dng n vn hnh cng trnh. Cc b, ngnh ph duyt tiu chun k thut v cng ngh thi cng thy in phi theo quy nh ca Nh nc, lp quy trnh v tin hnh kim tra an ton h p; nh gi mc ri ro khi tch nc v c bin php ng ph. Ch u t cc cng trnh p thy in phi m bo c qui trnh tch nc, x l an ton, ng thi xy dng kch bn ng ph thin tai khi xy ra s c. Theo , k hoch pht trin thy in cn c cc cp ra quyt nh xem xt li mt cch thn trng, hn ch s pht trin thu in trn lan - gim thiu nhng tc ng tiu cc cho mi trng, sinh thi ca dng sng, vn ha cc cng ng ven sng, sinh k ca ngi dn th h hm nay v mai sau. Vic pht trin thy in cn phi bn vng v li ch ca tt c, c s tham gia thc s ca cc bn lin quan, cng ng nh hng trong qu trnh t quy hoch n vn hng. i vi cc cng trnh ang v s ra i c ch chia s li ch mt cch cng bng gia nh u t - cng ng trong sut qu trnh vn hnh cng trnh, khng s c, thm ha xy ra. Khi thit k v thi cng cng trnh thy in cn phi xt n yu t 13

bin i kh hu khi xc nh cp cng trnh, tnh ton k thut cng trnh; duy tr v phc hi rng u ngun. Phi c kch bn lin quan n cc s c p v cc phng n phng trnh v gim nh thit hi cho cng ng lin quan trong phm vi nh hng ca p. Thng tin v pht trin thu in, v an ton p v cc vn lin quan cn minh bch, cng khai i vi tt c cc bn lin quan (cng ng, cc nh khoa hc, cc phng tin thng tin i chng...). Vic pht trin thy in cn phi c bit ch n chnh sch ti nh c cho ngi dn b di di, ni mi phi tha mn cc nhu cu v c vn ha tinh thn v vt cht... Xt theo ng quy trnh lp quy hoch th quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t - x hi v quy hoch s dng t phi c thng nht trc, sau quy hoch cc ngnh c th, trong c quy hoch thy in mi c pht trin, ly lm c s. Bn cnh , vi thy in l mt ngnh thuc lnh vc kt cu h tng, quy hoch phi mang tnh n nh lu di v c tnh rng buc cao./.

TI LIU THAM KHO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. D liu thy in (Hydropower Data). Vin Khoa hc Cng Ngh Vit Nam & Trng i hc Xy dng. Bn thy nng. B mn Xy dng cng tnh Thy li Thy in, Trng i hc Xy dng. Bo in t CSVN ngy 29/6/2012 v ngy 17/7/2012 Kht dc nhng trin sng. Bo in t Cng an thnh ph Nng ngy 31/7/2012 Bo Tui tr online 7/6/2012 Tp ch Nh thu v Th trng xy dng, s 1, 2 / 2005

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