International Engineers Research

449269 Parade, Singapore Road, #16-01Parkway 80, Marine Parade I 6 Fax:(65)62255010 Tel: (65)62256015

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Location

Date
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2002 Copyr"ight O Research EngineersInternational,

Pro:- STAADTraining STAAD.

1. Introduction
This course is structuredto look at the scope of the STAAD.PTo commandsand capabilities. There are six exercises to complete, each one containing more STAAD commands and dealing with more complex problems. This document has been produced for your benefit and assistance. This document is copyright and no part of it is to be copied, reproducedelectronically or otherwise without the prior written consentof ResearchEngineers.

2. RevisionHistory
Date Version File Ref. Details

r7 t06198 1 . 0 r0103/99 1 . 0
t9108199 l . l 25108199 l . l 06t09199 t . 2 ra 0l/05/00 0 li l l/00 t . 4 24109101 1 . 5 28106102 1 . 6
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FirstIssue
Secondand third examples added Updatedfor v3.l Dynamic exampleadded RC Designer added

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Detailed steel designexamples added.

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3. Gontents
1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction History.'.."" Revision Contents of STAAD'Pro'STAAD"' ?rinciples 1 )M o d e l l i n g 2) Analysis 3) PostProcessing... """""""""""'1 """"""""""""""'1 """"""""""""""'2 r'7i""""""r"""""""""""""""4 """"""""""""""'4 """"'4 """""""'5 """""""'6 """"""""6 """"""6 """"""""""""""7 """""""7 """"""'7 """"""""8 """"""'8 """"""""""""9 """"""""""""10 """"""""11 """""12 """""12 """""13 """"13 """"'14 """'15 """"""""16 """""";""""""""""""""""'16

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WindowsConcepG lmportant Window.'..'...""""" 1) TheActive 2) Menus 3) Toolbars.. Methods 4) Selection Keys.....-....'. 5) Useful 6- Examplel-z}Beam Model Mode1........... 1) Setup / Beam..-..""' Node 2)Snap a Node andMove 3) Insert (Database) Properties 4) Assign Supports.....' 5) Assign Releases..'.. 6)Assign Loads.......... 7) Assign 8) AnalYse - Displacements """""""' 9) Resutts - Forces.....'. 10)Results Fi|e"""""""' Output 11)PrintoutReport User 12)Printout-

T . E x a m p l e 2 - 3 D B e a m a n d P | a t e M o d e l w i t h S t e e | D e s i g n . . . . . . ." ." .. ." ." ." .. .'.'..18 "."."."."." " .".' . 1.8 3 D."...'..'..... 1 )G e n e r a t e """""""18 2) AddBeamElements'..."""""" """""""19 '."""""""' Elements 3) AddPtate """""""""""""19 Properties"""""""" Plate 4) Assigning """'20 Views.....'..." 5) Creating """"""""20 Tables Results 6) UserAnalysis

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8) Animations'..'...'....'.."' 9) SteelDesign Results...'....' 10)Design 3 - UsingCut and Pasteand UserTables 8. Example lnput' 1)Joints Spreadsheet Beams Add 2) ^\ ^^-^-.^ li'_r - lMinor. 3) Generate Elements"" andPaste 4) CuUCoPY
5) User Tables Supports 6) Add 1.5m x 2.0m Foundation andCombination "s """""' t lultiple Loadcase Results.......-. t Analysis

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Analysis"' and Dynamic Wizard 4 - Structure Example Wizard Structure 1) andSupports 2) Add Poperties

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Masses History. Trme ModeShapes """"""""" 4) Viewing 5 Muliple Analysis""" 10. Example as'Tensionbnly"""""""" Beams 1) Defining Loading the """""":"""" Modifv 2)

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design) """"""""""' o'lsrReo.pro Rc r;;;ig; iB""tn "nOColumn enveloPe 1. Crcate members""' 2. Crcate Briefs"""""" Design 3. Create DesignGroups""""' 4. Create the GrouP 5. Design

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software that uses a graphical user interface -analysis STAAD.PTo - STAAD is an analysis and design engine' It can also vicv" the results in to generatea data file that is processedby an mode. the post processing
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WindowsConcepts 5. lmportant
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1) The Active Window. STAAD.PTo is a MDI (Multiple Document lnterra;e I pro-sam. That is the program operates 'child ' windows within the man ST..LA,D S'indow. The child window can with a number of be either text based,such as the tables,graphical such as the diagramsor dialogue boxes. Any 'Active' windo*'. The acnve u'indow can be identified by the operation is carried out on the dark title bar. (Note although this is true for standard Windows setup, the colour configuration can be alteredfrom Windows Conrol Panel.) By clicking the mouseon a child window, that window becomes the active windor,r'.The menu and toolbars respond to the active window so that only those commandsthat are appropriateto the active window are available.

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The pnmary method of accessingall the commandsavailablein STAAD.PTo is from the 'Main menu' which runs acrossthe top of the main applicationwindow. Note that this menu is sensitiveto the active window. For example,if the active window is a table, then the
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1 - 2D BeamModel 6. Example
This example shows some of the most basic functionality needed to quickly create, analyse and print a report.

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2) Snap Node / Beam Go to the Geometry Page, staying on the Beam sub-page. This anangesa window to display 'Snap the strucurre and nodes and beams tables. As there is no stnrcture yel defined, the Node/Beam dialog is automaticallyopeneddisplaying a grid on the struchrreso that nodes and beamscan be addedgraphically. 1. In the SnapNode/Beam dialog, set the grid plane to the X-Y plane. Note the axes in the lower left corner of ttre stnrcturewindow. button to get a front on view (X-Y plane) of the View' ggl 2. Clickonthe'Front grid. a To set the grid to suit the dimensions of the structuremodify the spacing to:X, I baysat 1.500mc/c Y, I bay at 3.500m c/c
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Note that the origin is set to 0, 0, 0. This is indicated on the gnd as a circle. As you move the cursor over the grid, note the co-ordinate shown in the lower right corner which can be used as a visual check.

5 . Click on the origin to generatea node.

6. Click on the grid line above to a new node and generatea column. Note the co-ordinate 0.000. shouldread0.000,3.500,

7 . Click on the extreme top right corner of the grid, 12.000, 3.500, 0'000 , to form a
0.000,to horizontalbeam. Follow this by clicking in the lower right corner,12.000,0.000, form a column.

Now whilst holding down the CTRL key (only a node is required, not a beam) and click 7.500, 3.500, 0.000. on the horizontal beam 5 bays from the left hand side at co-ordinate

9. To insert the final column, without holding down the CTRL key, click on the gnd belos
the last nodeto createa new node at 7.500,0.000,0.000,alongwith the column'

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Click on the Close button to turn off the grid.. All the node co-ordinates and beam numbers have been automatically created. From 'Symbols and Stmcture toolbar click on the Labels' lill button and turn on the '\ t:l 'Beam Numbers' and Numbers'. l/r-{zw The format and locationsof labelscan be modified bl selecting Options from theFdt mer.r:3) Insert and Move a Node From the Struchrretoolbar pressthe 'Insert Node' ffi bufton. Note that the cursor bas changed shape when over t}re structure windou'. From the structue window selectbeen number 2, the top elernentof the larger span. ln the resulting dialogue box press the 'Add mid point'button and'OK'. Changethe selection cursor from the 'Select' menu to 'Nodes Cursort

Again note the change to the cursor when above the sffucture window. Select the neu i1 created node and click with the right mouse bunon to get a Floating menu. Select'\Iore' from the msnu and enter 1.5 into the Y: field of the dialoguebox that is presented.And ci:;t on OK.

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STAAD.PTo : - STAAD Training

4) AssignProperties (Database)
Change to the General Page, staying on the property sub-page. From the .Assign Properties'Dialoguebox pressthe 'Database...'button. Selecta 'UB j56x127x33' from the British database. This is the first item of a list of sectionsthat will be used on the structure. more can be addedin the sameway. The stmcture should now look like the following diagram;

Note that when a section is chosen from the database in this way, it has associated with it a rnaterial property that will also get assignedwhen this section is assignedto the beamsof rhe stnrcture. Select the 356UB from the list, select on the option 'Assign to View' and click ol rhe 'Assign' button. All the elements in the structurenow havethis sectionpropeff)'.

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5) Assign Supports
Staying in the General Page change to the Supports Sub-Page.Create a fully fixed s'.::1on 'support' dialogue by clicking on the Add button. To attach this suppon tr1 S! to 'Jre 'L structure, selectthe support in the dialog box, check that the Assignmentmethod is set to st 'Assign' button. The cursor changesto the suppori lcsn cursor to Assign' and click on the when over the structure window. Click over the basesof the columns to provide the support The structtue should now look like this.

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7) Assign Loads page' a Stltng in the General Page change to the Loads Sub-Page. When entering this be m'.:st ioadca;se the time first the for loadcase must either be selectedor defined. Thus 'Dead' and click on OK. The beam load needs to be created,thus created. Enter the title 'Member...' button. Selectthe Uniform Force tab and enter the value -22 kN/m click on the on into the Wl edit box and as a Projected load is required, set the direction to PY and click the Add button. This creates a load that can be applied to the structure. This time, pre-select the three roof 'Assign to SelectedBeams',click on the method set to beams 2,4 and6. With the assignment Assign button.

8) Analyse

ft aen"e the method of analysis and additional information that is required in the standard output frle. Changeto the Analysis/Print page and go to the Analysis sub-page.Click on the click ,Define Commands...' button. On the 'Perform Anallsis'tab, with No Print selected, is now on the Add button to insert the command, followed by the Close button. The file ready to be analysed,but can be checked in the text editor by clicking on the Editor ffi button. At this point the file is savedto disk and is shown thus:-

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the file returningto u'ill reprocess View the hle and closeit without modifications,or STA.A.D the graphical environment. .Analyze' menu and select'Run Analy'sis...' on the 'Analysis Option' tab, click on the and click on the'Run Analvsis...' ensurethat the'STAAD Analysis'option hasbeen selected button. Savethe file if required. click on the Done button to close the analysisengine. once the analysishas been completed, The stmcture now has resultswhich can be viewed' e " g . - 1o 3f 5 9

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- Displacements 9) Results
To view results,the program needsto be switchedto the Post Processing Mode. This can be done either from the Mode menu or by clicking on the Post Processing If * ;ffi button. there are no results available for a structure,then this button is disabled. i!!s'! When entering this mode, the results to be displayed in the tables has to be selected. Use the '>>' button to selectloadcaseI Dead'and click on the OK buttcn. The first page that is entered in the Post Processingmode is the Node page with the Displacements sub-page. The stmcture is displayed with the displac.."it diagram. However the displacement scaleneedsto be set to an appropriatevalue. Click on the Scale button and set the displacementscaleto l0 mnr/m ffiJ Identify the displacementsof nodes in the table by clicking on the nodes on the diagram and selecta displacement in the table and note how it is locatedon the stnrcture. As this is a plane structure, the displacementsin the Z direction and the rX and ry directions are all zero and thus not required The u'idths of columns can be resized,or set to zero and thus the size of the table can be reduced

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10) Results- Forces
To view the forces on the beams,change to the Beam page and stay on the Forces sub-page. The structure diagam is displayed with the Mz moment (major axis) and the Beam End Forces Table. Note that clicking on the table or the diagram highlights the beam in the other window. To add values onto the diagram, maximise the Whole Sructure window. Click on 'View Value...' option. On the 'Ranges' tab, select the the Results menu and select the 'Ranges'option and enter 2 into the'Beams' edit box. Then changeto the Beam Results' tab, click on the Bending Ends check box and click on the Annotate button. The labels have been added,but may not be sufliciently clear, so re-sizethe fonl To do this click on the View menu and selectthe'Options...'menu. On the Annotationtab, click on the Font button and ser the font to 12pt, bold. Click the OK button on the font and Apply on the Options dialog to show as below.

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To get individual bending moment graphs, change to Graphs sub-page. Click on the beams of the sffucture to view the bending moments, shear forces and axial force diagrams in the windows on the right hand side. To view different diagrams, such as the beam combined stresses,click on bottom graph window to make it the active window. Click with the right mouse button over this window and select the 'Diagrams...' option from the floating menu. Click on the Stress option to turn it on and on the Axial option to h:rn it off. Click on OK to acceptthe changeto produce a page layout similar to this:-

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Thereare two reportsthat canbe printed. Firstly the Ouput file that is automatically created by STAAD as the analysis is performed.To vieu'this file presson the STAAD Output ffi button. This is theform of outputSTAAD III users r,r'ilibe familiarwith.

12)Printout- UserReport
The second method is to use a User Report. With this method information can be selectedand organised for a particular situation, including tables and pictures. Pictures can be any graphical view of the struchue, including results. Take a picture now, ensurethat the required uindow is active, and click on the Take Picture button. lgil Accept the default : cotrlment.This becomes Picture l, any numberof pictures can be taken and addedto a User ReDort.

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button. SelectNodes and Beams To setup a User Report, click on the Report Setup ffi * Output and Picture I from the from the Inpug selectNode Displacementsfrom the tab and selectthe Dead loadcase. Click ol OK rc Picture Album. Click on the'Load Cases' acceptthis report setup. button to view the report Finally click on the Print Preview ffi

This concludesthe exerciseExample 1.

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7. Example2- 3D Beamand PlateModel with SteelDesign
This example expandson the model createdin Example L

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1) Generate 3D
Thereare a numberof generation tools availablein STAAD.PTo.They are accessible from
the Geometry menu or the Generatetoolbar.

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Open the model from Example I and save as 'Example 2'. Go to the Geometry page. Use the Beams cursor to select all the beams. Click on the Translational Repeat button on the Generate toolbar or selectthe 'Translational Repeat...' item from the Geometrymenu.ln the dialog box, set the direction to the Z axis, 5 steps @ 5m c/c, but change the third bay to 6m. Tick the Link bays and Open base options. Click on the OK button to generatethe structure. Note how the sectionprofiles, supports and loads have been copied onto the new frames,but properties have to be addedonto the linking members.

2) Add BeamElements
Beam elementscan be addedgraphically onto the structureview windows.

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changeswhen it is over structureview. Add bracing elemelts by clicking on the start joint and end joints of the end frames as per the above diagram, rotating the structure if necessary. As with the link beams from above, these new beams also need properties. Go to the Property sub-page and add a 'UB 254r146x31' from the British Database. To assign the. new, property, click on the Side Vidw button. select the link'bearirs and the diagonal bracing, highlight the new properfy and click on the ^{ssignbutton. ,.'^'

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3) Add PlateElements
STAAD.PTo models can include plate and solid elements. Set the platesto be filled. From the View menu, selectStructllreDiagrams. Select Fill Plates/Solids and Sort Geometry.

Geometry toolbar.

Startthe SnapNode Platedialogby clicking on the SnapNode/Plate ffi

button on the

Locat(: tire origin to the top of the end bay, ie X=7.5, Y=3.5,7F0.0 Set the gnd to 3 bays @ l.Sm along the X axis. Starting at the origin click anti-clockwise on the grid to form a plate l.0m x 1.5m. The last joint on the plate becomes the first joint on the next plate so that only three other joints need to be defined. Again click anti-clockwise to define a second and third plate along the lean-to main beam. Once the three plates have been created, close the Snap Node/Plate dialoe. To fiIl in the rest of the roof plane, select the plates using the Plates Cursor. Selectthe GenerateRepeatfrom the toolbar or Geometry menu and set the direction to the Zaxis and 25 stepsof 1.0m. Note that the Link Stepsoption shouldnot be selected. Note that where the generatedplates have introduced joints along beam lines, beamswill be split and new beams will be formed with the section and material properties of the original provided the toleranceis set to Test for addednode breaking a beam.

4) Assigning PlateProperties
Plate properties are determined by the thickness and material properties which can be specified in the Propertiessub-page. On the Properties dialog, click on the Thickness... button and specify a thicknessof 0.25m. Note that plates can be specifiedwith varying thickness',but if only the node 1 value is specified,then a uniform thicknessis assumed. 'Assignto View'option and click on the Assign Selectthe plateproperfy,selectthe button.

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5) CreatingViews
When working with largermodels,it is possiblethat only a part of the structure is required These can be definedas views. To createa view, selectthe part of the structurethat is select the New View option. requiredandfrom the Vier','menu,

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To create the vie*' as above, click on Plan View. Change the selection cursor to the Geometry Cursor so that both the beamsand platescan get selected.Selectthe middle bay and selectNew View from the Viex' menu. Selectthe option 'Createa new window for the view' and click OK. Note that a Shole Stmctue window will highlight beamsof the current view as shown above. The View Management, in the Vielr. menu, allou's vieu's to be namedby selectingthe Save View option and entering a name. With the ne*' r'iex' (cunently named as <Untitled l>) as ',Viddle Bay'. the current window, selectthe Save View and name it as As the current vierv is used for the stmcture *'hen pages are entered,ensure that the Whole Structure view is the active window when changing to the next page. If the Whole Structure view is closedit can be re-opened at any time from the Vie*' menu.

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It is possible to createresultstablesby selectinggroupsof joints, beamsor plateswhich can be saveda*'ay and included in a User Report. Perform an analysisas in Exanple 1, changeto the Post Processingmode and selectthe Dead loadcaseto display in the results tables. a window acrossthe stmcture or Using the Joints cursor, selecta number ofjoints by <iraggrng joints. From the Report menu select holding doun the Ctrl key and clicking on a number of Joint Displacements. Select the sort method to Absolute Displacement. Changeto the Report tab, select Save Report and in the Id box, enter the name First set of node displacements'. Click OK. The table is now displayedon screen. Open the Report Setup dialog, and note that asthe table was Saved, the table has been added to the user report. Close and view the report with Print Preview.

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ContourMaps 7) PlateElement
Note that the Plate Pagehas been activatedby the presence of plate elements. Fror,r tire View menu,^selectthe Options item. Change to the Force Units tab and set the Stressto display N/mm". Change to the Plate Page. Selectthe Maximum Absolute stresst)?e and click on OK.

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Both displacementsand contour maps can be anr:-:a:ed changeto the Aimarion Page.SelectSection Displacement, To animate the displacements, (frames per second) to l0 aad pressOK. PressEsc on the keyboard to stop set Target FPS option Deflection,animatesthe deflection of the the animation. The second displacement joints only ratherr*'ithoutincluding the cun'au:rein the beams. To animate the stress contours, select Structure Diagrams from the View menu. On Plate Stress Contour tab select llex Absolute sffess q/pe. Go to the Animation tab and select Stressand click on OK. PressEsc to stop.

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9) SteelDesign andconcrete elements beam results_of on theanalysis design a steel perform iinAO.pro ca:n outareset to becarried of design Thescope elements' an,lplate of beam ontheresults desien
as parametersin the Design Page' Changeback to Modelling Mode' Go to the Design Page. ln the Steel Design dialog Select 855950' Click on the SelectParameters button and remove except the Beam and all the parameters and Track parameters ciick OK' Holding the Ctrl key',selectthe beamsthat form the near Portal frame.

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Click on the Define Parameters bufion, set the Beam parameter,u'hich ses u'hat moment values press should be used in the steel desigrr,to 1'0 and not does but Add. This includes the parameter to' define which beamsit aPPlies ses the level of detail u'hich tab, Click on the Track output file, and set the i-n the desig:rshould produce the parumeterto 2.0 and pressAssign' .This includes it ihe parameter and also Cehnes which beams appliesto. Note that a parameterblock has been addedwith the a code set to BS5950. The Beam parameterhas assigned been not has it that question mark to sho*' and needs to be before it *i11 get added to the file' To assign the Beam parameter,remove the Highlight I essigned Geometry option, and c[ck on the Beam becornes button Assign The labei to highlight ir available with the Assignment mettrod set to Assigrt to To SelectedBeams. Click on the Assign button assignthe parameter. to perform the code check needsto be once all the parametershave been set, the command button and pressAssigrr(or Add set. With the frame still selected,click on Commands"' and Assign to SelectedBeamsas per the Beam parameter)' A steeldesignhas now been setuP'

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10)DesignResults
to checkthe currentDesignCode from Analyzemenu. This time it is important Startanalysis the currentdesigncodeis setto setting. Click on the STAAD DesignCodetab and ensure BRITISH, thenclick on the Run Analysisbutton.

Note that design codesare optional extras,pleasecheck you have purchaseda designcode before tryrng to use iL

output srAAD ;il$?f::'il,ffi:ie l1"-ffiilT.T ffig page 6 onwards.

2. Secondly,using the member query by double clicking on one of the beams. When a member has been designedit has a Steel Design tab such as the one shown.

button and go to

3. The third method is to display a Design Resultstable. Changeto Post Processingmode, changeto the Beam Results page and Failurd sub-page.The structurediagramis colour coded and those beams that have been ddsignedare labelled with ttreir maximum design ratio.

Example2. This concludesthe exercise

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8. Exarnple 3 - UsingCut and Paste and UserTables
This example shows someof the more advancedfeaturesavailablewith STAAD.PTo. This stn-rcture is basedon tr'/o back tc back oarabolic arches.

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Clearly the structural geometry can be defined using simple mathematicalequationsand thus w'e can utilise the power of a spreadsheet to calculate the coordinatesfor us. 1 ) J o i n t s - S p r e a d s h e e tl n p u t . The vertical co-ordinates for eachnode on one arch is definedby the following equation:-

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These values can now be highlighted and 'copied' to the clipboard using either the .Copy' option from the 'Edit' menu or pressingthe 'Ctrl and C' keys. They are now ready to insert into STAAD.PTo. Launch .,.he program, if it is not already running, srarr a new structure and go to the Geometry page. Close down the 'Snap node/beam' dialogue box and make the Nodes table the current window. Go to the 'Edit' rnenu and this time select 'paste'. The values have been inserted into the table and show on the diagram. Note that the nodes are automatically numberedfrom the point you selectedin the eble.

2) Add Beams
Make the strucnrre diagram current by clicking inside the window. From the Geomeul' toolbar, click on the Add Beams button. Note that the cursor has changedshapeu'hen in the structurewindox' to show'that it is in this mode. Click on the fnst join! then the secondto form a beam berweenthe hvo. Click on the secondjoin! then the third to create a beam betweenthesetwo joina. Repeatthis to createall the beams.

- Minor. 3) Generate
To form the other half of the smlctureis simply a caseof selectrng thosebeamsthat are to be mirrored and clicking on the l\lirror button. $|

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In this case selectall the beamsusing a window or holding the confrol key and click on all the beams. Click on the Mirror button. The plane of the minor is the X-Y plane with an offset of 3m. Also ensure that the Copy option is toggledratherthan Move. Finally press.OK,. If the final structure does not appear correct, rememberthat you can generally .Undo' your last operation. This can be done from the .Edit' menu.

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The structure canbe repeated by using 'Cut / Copyandpaste'. / Onceagainmakesureall the elements are selected, but this time selectdpv fro^the ,Edit' menu- Once againgo to the 'Edit' menu,this time selectPasteElem/nts.- This presents a dialoguebox which can define an offset from the original location,or graphicaliyusing a reference point.
Press the Reference Point button and an itnuge of the structure to be pasted in is displayed with a highlighted node which represents the inserfion point. Select either one of the ends of the frame and pressOK. The location point on the current structureneeds to be identified, so select the base of the other arch. This calculates the offset to be 6m in the Z direction. Click on the OK bunon to acceptthe offser There is a warning regarding the section properties as none have yet been assigned, this can be ignored.

4) CuUCopy and PasteElements

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Finally, use the Add Beam command to draw a beam from the top of the first pair of arches, to the top of the second pair of arches.

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it is possibleto create providedwithin STAAD.PTo, databases ln additionto the standard within the file, or usingLlserTableswhich are storedeither'Internally', sections specialised 'Externally', file. structure as the folder same file in the asa separate Do this to centimetres. a UserTable,the currentinputunitsmustbechanged Beforecreating brl-ffiil. by clicking on theunitsby clickingon theInput Units
Set the length units to centimetres and click on OK. SelectCreate User Table... from the Tools menu. Selecta Wide Flange as the sectiontpe. ln the resulting dialog box, click on the Add New Property button' ln the following dialog box, enter the dimensionalvaluesas shown:-

5) UserTables

Name:l27x76x13Ul Ax = 16.5J - * nf \,^r. .t, i"l D = 12.7 Tw = 0.4 Wf = 7.6 Tf = 0.76

Click on the Calculate button for STAAD.PToto calculatethe sectionalpropertiesbasedon the supplieddimensions.Note that any of thesevaluescan be modified for exampleto reduce Oe crois sectional area. Click on OK to complete the definition of the section. Click the Close button to completethe User tableTo assign this section to the structure, go to the General page and rn the Propery' sub-page click on the User Table... button on the Propertydialog box, selectthe propem' ard click on urtl this a matenal can be a"soc:ate^j the Add button. Notice that as with StandardDatabases, s:lec:::le.A'ssign the sectionto the stmctue, click on the prcPeq'. section. Finalll'to assign the Assign button. on to View option and click 6) Add 1.5m x 2.0m Foundation Supports Go to the Supports sub-pageand change to the For'".1.:.': t::. llirci 3r r*'o types of foundation ,uiiort that can be created. Footing. *'hi:r aiic;'s pac toultianons of a specified size to be createdand an Elasric \Iat opnon rlher ST-'LdD *-r.1 es:aclisha zone around dependingon the spacingand locarior:of sunoundiig nc:es. 3ol conulandscreatea spring snfrness. supportdependingon the sub-grade

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A sub-grade stiffress l0 kNim'/ m meansthat a load of l0lll settle lm such as in the following example. over aplan areaof im2 will

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Note that this is analyrically identical to creating the command:FIXED BUT KFY IO

Enter the valuesshownin the dialogbox and click on tneCr&.e^button. Assignthe support '*lA to thebaseof all thearches.
7) Multiple Loadcase and Combinations The first two Examplesused struchrresthat only had one loadcase each. STAAD.pro can analyse strucrures with many individual loadcasesand combine them together with various multiplicatron fac!ors. First the basicloadcasa must be defrned. Go to the Loads sub-page, createloadcase I and nameit Dead Loads. Click on the Selfweight... bunon and createthe selfu'eightloadcase with a factor of -l in the Y direction Add a UDL of I kli,/m on all the beamsby clicking on the Member... button. ln the Uniform Force tab, enter the value of -1 for W1 and click on the Add button. Select the Assign to View method and click on the Assign button. To create the second loadcase,select the menu itern CommandslloadinglCreate New Primary Load... , selectthe option to Createa New Primary Load Case und nu1n"it Live Load. Click on the Member... button. On the Uniform Force tab enterthe values-15 for Wl, I for dl and 2 for d2. Click on the Add button and Assign it to the beam that spansberu'eenthe fwo pairs of trusses.

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STAAD.PTo : - STAAD Training

Create the third loadcase as above by selectingthe menu item CommandslloadinglCreate New Primary Load... , select the option to Create a New Primary Load Case and name it Wind Load. Click on the Nodal... button. On the Node tab enterthe value 5 lN in the FX field and click on Add. Selectthe two joints (not the beam itself; at the ends of the beam that spansbetween the pairs of trusses and Assign it to thosejoinS. Now theseloadcases can be combined into combinations. Selectthe menu item Commandslloadinglload Combinations... In the dialog box click on the New button, type the title of the combination as Dead + Live and click OK to createthe combination. To include the dead loadcasein this combination, set a factor of 1.4, select Dead from the available list and click on the > bufton. Repeat this with the Live loadcasewith a factor of 1.6.

Createa secondcombinatron by'clickilg on the New button and entera title of Dead + Liv + Wind. This time set the load factor to 1.2 and click on the >> button to include all the loadcasesin the combination. As before the structure needs the cornnraad to rnstruct the analysis to proceed. Select the menu item CommandslAnalysislPerform .$al1'sis... and click on the OK button to accept the command with the No Print' option. Run the analysisto producea set of anall'srs resul;.

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8) AnalysisResults
Now that the stmcture has more than one loadcase, it is important to recognise the fundament'aldifference benveen graphical views. That is that whilit the graphicat ii.*, ."n display the results of the analysis, they can only dispiai' the results of one loadcaseat a time. Results tables on the other trand can display the rezults of many loadcasesand combinations simultaneouslyand establishwhich tire maximum and minimum values. Therefore, when "t* entering into the Post Processingmode the loadcases which will be displayed.

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click on the Post hocessing mode and selectall rhe loadcases in the ResultsSetupdialog as above and click OK. To changethe loadcases that are displai'edrn tbe resultsables eitherright click over trretable and select Results setup from the pop-up menu or it can be selectedfrom the main menu ResultslResults Setup.

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9. Example 4 - Structure Wizardand Dynamic Analysis
Thisexample look atother feahues withinSTAAD.PTo. 1) Structure Wizard
Yet anotherform of generating structuralgeometryis the StructureWizard. Start a new struch:le,click on the Geometry menu and selectthe Run Structure Wizard option. This launches theStrucnreWizard.
Select Frame and models double click the Bay Frame and the parameters as shown and click

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We wish to replacethe four top bean'suith russes. Hi,l;:-lg: '5er: :: :l:e s:-:::rire r.ietr,and click on the Del kev. Once again Start the Squcture !_tzg!!. This-iime select a and generate a Howe Bridge Frame with dimensions as the shown. Transfer it to STAAD.PTo as before, but this time locatethis model 3m above the origin, i.e at the top of the colurnns. Note that where beams would be duplicated, they have not been created.
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and Supports 2) Add Properties
Add the sectionpropertiesas in Example I and 2. Go to the General page (Property subpage), add the British section U8305x102x33 and assignit to ttre columns, first floor and eaves beams. Then add the British section UA100x75r3 .lnd assign it to all the remaining roof beams. Go to the Supports sub-pageand add a PINNED support. Assign the support to the baseof all the columns.

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Right click on the Whole Stmcture window and selectthe Structure Diagrams... option from the popup menu. On 3D sections, set the option to Full Sections. The diagram should look thus:-

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(therefore the stiffness During a single analysis run, STAAD.PTo can modify the stmcture in situations such as when mutrix'; anA frform multiple analysis calculations. This is needed to analysed separately as needs loadcase and thus each beams are defined as tensi,on-"*batt In such situations others' beams may be removed under some load conditions, but not additional commandsare required:analysis' Required to lit STAAD know how much spacewill be required for SET NL To resetthe stiffness matrix for the next analysis. CHANGE alreadydefinedUse the Example 3 model which has 2 loadcasesand 2 coml-rinations Open the file and SaveAs...Example 5'

1) DefiningBeamsas TensionOnlY
Go to the General page and the Spec sub-page' select the cross beam that joins the pairs of archestogether' Click on With the bearns ".rrro-r, button to define the the Beam... button and select the Tension tab. click on the Assign selectedbeam as a tensiononly beam. 2) Modify the Loading (numbers 1, 2 and 3) and 2 Recall that this stmctrie currently has 3 basic loadcases must follow all basic cornbination loadcases(numbers i and 5). Combination numbers numbers need to combination current loadcase numbers. To add an additional loadcase,the be revised. Select the menu item Firstly go to the Load sub-page and display the ld loadcase' 4' Remove the combination Commandslloadinglloaa Comninations... and display load the combinationsdialog' combinationby clicking on the Delete button. click oK to close Toaddane\,!'basicloadcase,clickonthemenuitem the create option set the loadcase commandslloadinglcreate New Primary Load..., select number to 4 and name it Side \Yind and click on the oKbutton'

Create a 10 kN Nodal load and assignit to node 6 so the structure shouldlook like this:-

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AnalysisCommands 3) Add MultiplePerform
and As discussedat the start of this example, multiple analysis commandshave to be added the mrmber of loadcases. the select loadcases, of number the set Firstly, OK. and click to 4 the number set NL..., CommandslMiscellaneouslSet menu

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go to the Next, the commands to perform each analysis neecl to be added' To do this, AnalysislPrint pageand the Analysis sub-page' cunent On the Analysis Tree control window, click on Load lDead Loads to make it the

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commandin the tree control window and Now selectthe commandPERFOR\I I\ALYSIS the again click on the Deline Commands... bunoe. Selectthe Changetab, again ensurethat button' the Add After Current option is set and click on Repeat the above two stepsof adding the PERFOR\I ANALYSIS and CIIANGE 2 and3. Then afrer'.helast PERFORMANALYSIS that was commandsto follow loadcases defined from Example3, add a CHANGE com-n'nnd' 4 Mode. Selectthe resultsof Loadcase changeto PostProcessing Finally run the analysis, that was only. Change to the Beam page and note the forces on the beambetween the frames compressionit into forced has ioad deirned as TENSION only is all zero as the applied Example5' This concludesthe exercise
STAAD Pro Jaaining l.6.sg.doc

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11. Example 6 - Rc Beam, corumn andsrabDesign

There are two methods to design beams, columns and slabs in sTAAD.pro. The original srAAD method i119!ves including a number of parameters in the input frle after the PEMoRM ANALYSIS comnands so that when the analysis is run'. a*is, is also performed' This gives a fxed set of design results and requires the whole analysis to be reperformed if there are tweats required in the design. The secondnewer and more favoured method utilises the analysisresulb in the graphical tterface allowing greaterinteractivity with the design and is describedin the following example. Desigr members are formed from the analytical beam elementsarid can be used to design beam and / or columns for a range of design codes. Also shell elementscan be designed as slabs. Note that slab designs are performed using the finite elements. The local MX and My moments are resolved into the global axes and the reinforcement requirement calculated on those forces alone' Note that there is no check for shear. Also no account is taken for the torsional N{XY moments.

1) Create Beamand Golumns

Start a new skucture basedon kNs and metres. use the Structure wizard and createthe 3D frame in Example 4 (without the roof trusses). 2) Create First Floor Slab Return to the Structure Wizard and createa Surface, Quadrilateralwith the following parameters:-

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3) DefineSectionProperties and Supports

Change to the General page and in the Property" suo-pageclick on the Define... button to create the cross sections. For the columns, create a circle with a diarrerer fiD r of ()-3sm. Note that the material properry associatedwith this section is concreteas deinal Lnthe I\lI file and displayed in the materials table. Assign the section to all the columns. For the beams,createa rectangrewith a depth erD) of 0.40m aed *rdth (ZD) of 0.25m. For the slab, define a plate properrythickness of 0.175m cradeof concrete. G9 to the Support sub-page, create a fixed support and assign it to the base of all the columns.
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Diagrams ln theStmcture dialogbox;-... ,.'. Set3D sections to,Full.Ses-tions'j i) / Solids. ii) SetView Fill Plates and, iii) Setsortgeometry iv) SetsortNodes.

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4) Floor Loading Go to the Load sub'pageand createthe first loadcasenaming it Dead. Click on the Selfweight... button and createa selfweight load in Y with a factor of -1. Click on the Member... button and select the Floor with Y range' tab. Set the load to -3.5 kNim2, the Y range maximum to 3 m (ie both floors), X range maximum to 6m and Z range maximum also to 6m. Click on the Add button to apply. Note that this command is similar to the Selfiveight command in that it contains all the information needed in itself and does not need to be assigned to the structure. Also this command only applies loads to the beams,not the plates. Add an area load of l0 kN/m2 to the plates. Click on the Plate... button and on the'Pressure' tab, set a load of 10 kN/m2 in the Local z direction. Note that the local z axis on theseplates points downwards, hencethe load is on the top acting down.

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a second New Primary Load"" create From the menuitem CommandsfloadinglCreate andnameit Live l. loadcase with Y range'tab' Set the load to Click on the Member... button and selectthe Tloor to 6m andZ ]rfi f.xm;, ,fr. i ,-g" maximumto 3 m (ie both floors),X rangemaximum to apply' r"oge rn*im,rm alsoto 2m- Click on the Add button New Primary Load"" createa third From the menu item commands[Loadinglcreate andnameit Live 2. loadcase with Y range'tab' Set the load to Click on the Member... button and selectthe Floor to 6m andZ ' ]Zi.b' XXl.l tf. V r*g. maximr'n to 3 m (ie both floors),X rangemaximum to 4m. Click on theAdd buttonto apply' rangeminimumto 2m aid maximum Primary Load"" createa forth From the menu item commandslloadinglcreate New andnameit Additional Live' loadcase joint loadof -150 kN. Assignthis loadto the Click on rheNodal... butronand Add an FY afterclickingon theIsometric view on the left of thestructure first floor level of the columns button. Combination"', click from the menuitem Commandslloadinglload a combination Create at 1'4 for the Dead factors uLS. Setthe10ad on the New buttonandnamethe combination and 1.6 for all the others' loadcase asbeforeandrun theanalysis' Finally addthePerform Analysis command 5) Slab Design mode' ihuttg" to the PostProcessing Reinforcement"' optionResultslslab themenu view ful[creen. Select graphical Make-the set. be to parameters design The dialoialiows slabreinforcement 'Loading'tab and selecting to the Uy cnanging designea be to are that First set the loadcases 'Bottom' to contour *'ith an Enhanced' ,5 reinforcement theview of the loadcase ULS'. Select getthe following:-

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RC Design(Beam and Column design) 6) STAAD.PTo themenuoptionFilelRun StaadProRC Design. This starts select To starttheRC Designer, anotherapplicationandloadsitwiththecurrentstructureandanalysisresults. : design. to thenperforma concrete Thereare5 steps
l. Create envelope Beams are designed using envelopesof the analysisforces. Click on the Envelopes page. On the Envelopes table click on ttre New Env... button to oPen the Envelopedialogbox. Type a name for the envelope and click OK to open the following dialog box:as well To view all the loadcases as combinations. click on the Combinations Only Show option so that it is not selected. in the envelopeby clicking on the >> button and click OK. Include all the loadcases 2. Create members

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Design is performed on Members, formed from one or more beam elementsthat can be joined together. Thereare two methodsof forming Members,Form Member or AutoForm Member. The first attempb to join all the selectedelementsinto a single beam, the second others beam elementsinto uses inrernal algorithms to identify continuous beamsand separates other members.

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First select the nearestlong span beam at fust floor and click on the Form Member ffi button. Then select the elements that span along the short side at first floor level and click on the Form Member button. This should produce the following two members:-

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that form the all thebeamelernents Then select click on the and M2 columnsunder member AutoForm Member ffi button' M3 to M6, This will create4 new members, thus:-

3. Create Design Briefs in a Design Brief. A The design is then carried out to a set of parametersthat are defined Group' a as Design known Design Brief is then rsed by a group of members ensurethat the code is set Go to the Groups/Briefs page. Check the Design Briefs table and selected. Click on the to BSgll0 Beam. Selectit from the pulldown list if it is not currently . Click on the Edit brief text,DesignBrief 1'and lenameit by enteringthe text'858110 beam grade to C30 and click OK to Brief button to view the parameters. Change the concrete parameters' accept this changeand the rest of the default the New Brief button, select Create a second design brief for designing columns. Click on Edit Brief button and from Bsgll0 column uod-numeit'BS8I I0 ColumnBrief' Click on the acceptthis changeand the to OK Click ULS. the Member Combs tab, selectthe combination rest of the defalrlt Parameters4. Create Design GrouPs the graphical window and A Design Group, as mentioned above, are membersselectedfrom in more than one design exist ussocialing them with a Design Brief. Note that a membercan goup' Ml and M2 and click on the New Design Grp button. In the dialog Selectthe beam members 'Beams',ensurethat the BS8l l0 Beam bnef defined abovehas box, name the design group been selectedand click OK. on the New Design Grp Select the column membersM3, M4, M5 and M6 and againclick 'columns' BS8l10 Column Brief' brief desig second the and select bunon. Name the group 5. Design the GrouP All that-remainsis to perforrn the design. Firstly, designingthe beams' to the Concrete Design From the puiidorlvnlist of Design Groups selectG1:Beams' Change button on the page control' As Mode by seleding it from the Mode msnu or from the mode the page control' The with STnaD.Pro - STAAD, changing mode changesthe pageson with the cunent associated code design the by pages and the lay.outof the pagesis determined is entered on the and pages g-SAl seven f O Beam design there are i*tgtt group. U'itU ttur on the Design page which shows the Design SuJ-".1 iage. To design the group, click of the designgrouP,thereforeclick on Oprion, iiuio! box. We o'ith to designboth members the Design button.
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as rs successfully, are shown in green to indicate that they were designed Both members the result of the page view to table. Click on the Main Layout confirmedin the Summary desrgn.

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ciaesan sho*'s the layout of the reinforcementabove a capacity Tte \{ain Rernforcemenr of the cross graph u hich is ln urrn abore a cross secrionof the beam. To move the location or click and set button the on ,o,ion, either qpe tn a cisrarce in the sectionedit box and click resized by be can drag the .r*, G,ion alro\r's. Also note that proportions of the windows clickurg aad dragging tbe horizontal separationbars' layout on that In the .r'hole structule window, click on the member rO to view the designed rnember. Altemadvely selectM2 from the pulldown list in the toolbar. setup.'. To view the detarlsof the design,selectthe menu option FilelBS8ll0 Report and click OK' Remove all the selecteditsrns from the report, add the item Design Detail view the report, click on the Print Preview button' To

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the pulldown list in Next to desigathe columns,selectthe designgroup G2: Columns from the toolbar.

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Example6 This concludesthe exercise

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12. Detailed steel DesignExample to BS sg50:part 1:1g90
Thereare a numberof examplecalculations produced by the SteelConstuctionInstitutein their publicationSteelwork Design Guide to BS 5950: Part l:1990 Volume 2 Worked. Examples (Revised Edition). The following examples demonstrate how thoseaspects which arewithin the scope of theSTAAD.PTo canbe implemented. Example I, Simply supported beam with full lateral restraint. The first stageis to definethe model(stepsl-8). Thencheckthe sectionfor forces(steps9l4). Finallycheck for deflection (steps 15 ro 2l). This is the model:-

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l. Startaneu"space' filewiththedefaultSlunits of 'Metres'and'KiloNewtons'. 2- change to the Geometry Page, Beam sub page, changethe grid so that the X spacmgls 3.250m. Generatethe two segmentsof the 6.5m beam. 3. Change to the General Page,Property sub page, selecta 53ix210x92 (lB sectionand assign it to both beam segments. 4- Change to the Supports sub page. The supportsneed to be pinned about the global Z axis (not fully pinned as this will cause an instability about the global (and local) X axis. Therefore create a Fixed But support where it is releasedabout the MZ axis. Assign this support to either end of the model. 5. Change to the Loads sub page and createthe fust loadcase,'Dead'. Createthe loads UDL -15 kN/m assignedto both beams and the point load -40 kN and assign it to the central node. 6. Createthe secondloadcase,Zive'. Assigr rhe UDL ioacisoi-30 klrlim to both the beam segments and the point load of -50 kN ro the cenral node. 7. Createa load combinahon b1'clickingon rhe'Combine...'bufton. On the Combination dialog, click on the Ne*'button and name the conbilation 'Ul^9'. lnclude loadcasel, 'Dead' *'ith a factor of 1.4 and loaCca-se2 'Live, with a factor 1.6.

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Check your analysisresults and confirm that your staticscheck in the output file indicatesthat
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SUM-Y for loadcaseI is 137.5 kN D 2 is 245.0 kN. SUM-Y for loadcase II) you prefer that the maximum moment in the combination method Also confirm by whichever is 585 kNm. Now to check the section to BS 5950. The first check will be for the forces, the secondwill be for deflection. The section is defined as having it's compressionflange as fully restrained. This meansthat for the lateral torsional buckling check,the effective length is zero. 9. ln the Modelling Mode, change to the Design page, Steel sub-page. On the dialog box, chinge the code to BS5950. Click on the Select Parameters, remove all the parameters list exceptfor BEAM, TRACK and UNL. from the selected parameter of 2.0 and assign it to both beams. The BEAM parameteris 10. Create a BEAM used to define the locations where forces should be checked and calculations should be performed on a beam. The default value is 0.0 which meansthat the beamsare designed using the forces at either end and the maximum result is reported. If there are forces applied along the lengthof a beam,then it is advisedthat a BEAM L0, 2.0 or 3.0 is used. a more 11. Create a TRACK 2.0 cornrnandand assignit to both beams. This will generate detailed report in the output file which can be checked. 72. Create a UNL 0.0 command and assign it to both beams. As stated above, the beam is restrained against lateral torsional buckling and thus it's effective length in buckling is zero. 13. Click on the Commands... button and createa Check Code commandand assignit to both beams. This is the instruction to perform the design. The Steel Design dialog should now look similar to this:Note that there are only ticks in the '?' parameter section. If there are any then the program next to the parameters, is indicating that commands have been defined, but not assigned to any members.

included,it is importantthat 14. Savethe file and re-run the analysis. With designparameters from the analysis dialogbox. the correctdesigncodeis selected u'hen running the analysis as is for BS 8007 this and not BzuTISH(EXTENDED) to BzuTISH Ensue that it is set and BS 5400.

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Check the output file for the pagesof the code check and you should have the following. Note in particular the highlighted items:-

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pRocRAM coDE RevrsroN v3.3_5950_90/2
STAAD SPACE -PAGE NO. 5

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p.r+s$ 1 sr rrBs33x210x92
I,IATRIAL DATA Grade of steel Modulus of elasticity (py) Desigm Strength

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(uniLs - cm) S E C T I O NP R O P E R T I E S Merrber Length = 325.00 Gross Area = 117.00 Y-.{r:i :f ::!!:a ::as::c r:i:l:s E:asLic:r-::l-s
SLar Area i.aj::s:i _:-;:a:::: =::e:::r'e le:,g--: - L\.t :=S:'-i\-:;.:L i-.::s ,<.e.::cr. :lass Siias:. :.cai Ax:al, f c:ce Sqlasi, LG:

Net Area = z-axis 55229.996 2350.000 2072.031 58.770

2f.12i j25.Cl0

117.00 y-axis 2J89.000 355.000 228.285 53.8113

4-519 325.000

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CLAUSE BS-4.8.3.2 BS-4.8.3.3.2 BS-4-2.3-(y) BS-4.3 / 4.9

STAAD SPACE

RATIO 0.814 0.902 0.329 0.902

LOAD 3 3 3 3

FX 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Iry 292.2 292.2 292.2 292.2

HY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

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15. In the Modelling Mode, changeto the Analysis page,Post Print sub-page.Click on the units icon ffi uod select'millimetres'.Click on the Define Commands... button and on the Load List option, move the Live loadcasefrom the left to the right selectiorriist. Click on the Add button, then close the dialog box. Note that both the unit command and the load list commandare now displayedin the dialog box. 16. Click on the Design page,Steelsub-page.The codewill alreadybe set to BS5950. Click button and selectDFF, DJl, DJ2 and TRACK. on the SelectParameters 17. Select both beams and create a TRACK 4 command. As both bearns are selected the dialog box. Click on this Assign option should be available on the Design Parameters button to both clcate the command and assign it to those beams. Note rnat a new parametersection hasbeen startedin the file. createand assignDJI as node I and DJ2 as node 3, which 18. With the beamsstill selected, defines the extent of the beam which should be checkedfor the local deflection. 19. Create and assign the command DFF with a value of 360 as the problem statesthat the beam is assumedto carry a plaster finish. 20. Click on the Commands...button,createand assignCheckCode. 21. Finally save the file and re-nn the analysis. The final page of the output file should be similar to this. Again take note of the highlightedvalues:-

CI,AUSE BS-2.5.1 LE{GTH ME,IBER INITS -

CHECKS MMS RESULT ACTIJAL DEFL. DEFL. LEN// IOAD/

TABLE

1 sr uBs33x21oxe2 F.qS.!
2 ST U8533X210x92 PASS

-E;2?9
9.228

6s00.000 f$",1,.0,,8-6"
18.055

3 5 0 .0 0 0 3 2 5 0 . 0 0 5500.000 2 0.00 350.000

*'*t*r*'***r'r

O F D E S I G N* * * t * r * * t * t t * t E I I D o F T A B U I , A T ER DE S U L T

Note that there is a slight difference in the calculated deflection of 9.2mm (r'alue in publication 8.66mm) is due to the I value differing beween that used b,v- STA-{D of and 55400cm4 usedin the publication. 55229cm4

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2, Simply beamwith restraint at loadpoints. Example supported
Createthe model below using stepsI -8 in examplel.

Load Data:Loadcasel:UDL, Point loads Loadcase2:Point loads

-3 lN/m (GY)on all threebeams. 401I1(FY) onjoint 2 -20 kll (FY) onjoint 3 -60 }}l (FY) onjoint 2 -30 kN (F! onjoint 3

Load Combination3:1.4 x LoadcaseI * 1.6x Loadcase 2 The bending momentshouldappearthus:-

and the shear force:-

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The structure is now ready to be designedThere are essentiailythree checksthat are carried out in this example, Shearload / shearcapacity,(the maximum shearforce is at the start of beam 1). D Maximum moment / moment capacity, (the maxirnum moment is at the end of ID beam I or the start of beam 2). Equivalent moment / lateral torsional buckling capacity, (the critical section is ilD between the two intermediaterestraints,ie beam 2)' Therefore we need to set the following parameters:TRACK as 2.0 to get a detailed output 'm' CMM to -1.0 to calculate for the major axis (otherwiseit usesthe default of 1.0). CHECK CODE membersI andZthe anaivsis' Define the parametersas outlined in the previous example steps9 to 14 and run The last pagesof the output file should be as follows:34. PARAMETER 35. CODE 855950 35. O{U -1 ALIJ 3?. TRACK 2 AJ,L 38. CI{ECK CODE Mq'tB 1 2

Check your parametersto ensurethe conect palametersare being used.

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STAAD-III CODE CHECKING (BSI )

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METE (UNLESS OIHm.WISE NOTED)

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Net Area

104.00 y-axis 1871.000 30{.000 195.609 45.540 300.000

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300.000 BS5950/1990 PLASTIC 2850.00 0.000 z-nis 15.9 2850.0 2860.0 5 0 3 .s

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BUCKLING C-AlCUlATIONS i'si-:s Lateral Tolsional tsuckiing co-efficiencsm&n:r=0 CRITICAL

.),

LOADS FOR EACH CTAUSE CiCN RATIO 0.588 0.501 LOAD 3 3 FX 0.0 0.0

r:::!s\-:' -1i3.3 -133.C

.ci,: '.:

n l4Y 4:".8 0.0 41'.8 0.0 B.-S;"{j,Ei3 !l-r:i,:;ft ;A?l{ i:giiii jiii: j:j:9j;.9.r,:,:i .6 -c^ .., Q, 0.':.,;,1O';'0 ; .r.{t -133.0 BS-11.3 0.601 3 0.0 1 t ' t. 8 / 4.9 C.: 0. 0 Torsion and deflections have not been consi&:ei in c h e d e s i g m .
CLAUSE BS-4.8.3.2 BS-4.8.3.3.2 :.: :.:

Cornparing thepublished results with those in theSTAADdesign:Thepublished moment checkshows thecapacity as503kNm (STAADdesign is 503.5 kNm) Thepublished shear checkshows thecapacity as752 kN (STAADdesign is 751.4kN)

STAAD pro J6ining

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-STAAD SPACE

PAGE NO.

AI,L

I'NITS

ARE TABII

KN

METE

(UNIJESS OTHERWISE NOTED) CRITICTL COND/ RAUO/ I, T'DIIF/

t( T4BgR

NES!IL!/

EK PAss x82 ? , s r u B 4 5 ? x 1 9 10.00

mr Bs-4'3 / 4'9 0.00

=43 = 205 kll/nrn2 = 2'15 N/nn2

w 0'956 -417'80

t'ctarol| 3 0'00

MATER,IA', DATA Grade of steel Modulus of elasticitY (PY) Desigrn Strength

Reduced

2'lsN/nsra

- cxn) SECTION PROPERTIES (units 300'00 Member Length = Gross Area = 104.00 Moment of inerlia Plastic modulus Elastic rnodulus Shear Area Radius of g'Yration LengLh Effective - kN,m) DESIGN DATA (units Section Class iquash l,oad a.iial forc./Squash load
(Kllr) raLio Slenderness Capacrty Conpression CapacitY Tension Monent Capacity Reduced Moment Capacity Shear Capacity

Net Area = z-axls 3?050.000 1831.000 1510.659 55.093 18.8?5 3 0 0. 0 0 0

104.00 y-ax1 s .00c 18?1 304.000 195.609 45.540 4.242 300.000

: : : : : :

: : :

8s5950/1990 PLASTIC 2860' 00 0'000 z-uis 15.9 2850.0 2860.0 503.s s 0 3. 5 909.1 Y-axrs 7o " .t 9 2084 2850.0 54'6 64.6 75r'4

- kN'm) BUCIGING CALCULATIONS(unils Moment s""kii"g Torsional Lateral r &;-;'-m1'e.5;p,x n =1 .00, co-efficienrs

l'B :':'L96'5 Lensth= 3'000 eriecti';e

CEECK (UNiLS- KN'N): CRITICAT IOADS FOR EACH CT'AUSE CLAUSE Bs-4.8.3.2 Bs-4.8.3.3.2 BS-4.2.3-(Y) -RATIO LOAD 3 0.588 J 0.956 r 0.042 FX 0'0 o'0 o'o
not

VY -19'O -19'0 31'6

been

il-;:; i i:;
Torsion

p:,-sia; :

o.o

-1e'o
considered

\rZ 0'0 o'0 0'0

o'o -417'8
in the desigm'

t'tZ -417'8 -41?'8 3d1'I

UY 0-0 0-0 0'0

o'o

and

deflections

have

t''ltt**'ttt*TEIIDoFTABuI,ATDRESULToFDESIGNI**t*'tttt*rr'

39.

FINISH

STAAD desrg:'Comparingthe publishedresultswith thosein the '*: (STAAD Ces;s' - i ' 0'91 is m factor The iublished equivalentmoment :q momentMb is 397 L\r:' ST"1-{Dccs:g: -19r'i 'r\i:'l The publishedBuckling resistance

ST.A-:J P:c T==:g

- : s; ::':

:r.'. -51 o: i 9

i
.l i

rl
rl
l ! {J

11
1t

ft :R ii
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STAAD.PTo :- STAADTraining
Example 3, Simplysuppoftedbeamwithout intermediate restraints.
Asexample2,createthemodelbelowusingsteps l-8inexample I orcopytheexample2 model without the design parametersand changethe sectionprofile to:tJB6|AX229Xl40. As the beam is not restrained at the joint locations, the effective lengths of the beamsneed to be defined for the calculations of Mb in the lateral torsional buckling check. This can be done either by setting an appropriate factor on each beam using the UNL parameter,or specifying the effective length directly using the UNF parameter. ln this example,the effective length of the beam is defined as 0.85 x 9.000m= 7.65m. This can be specifiedby assigning LINL 7.65 to the members or assigningthe parameterUNF of 0.85 x 3 = 2.55. This can be awkward in sihrationswhere the beam is not made up of equal segments. Therefore we need to set the following parameters:TRACK as 2.0 to get a detailed ourput iJ
aa

a1
.ia :i-

r1

f't

IJ
FA

tl
lt

!,t tt

t t 11
tJ

n
ra

i.J
ta

f1 tt
tt TJ

)
rl
I

fl

.J

{ 1 4l { l gJ
f'l

trNL 7.65. CHECK CODE ALL members.

Defrne the parametersas outlined in the fust examplesteps9 to 14 and run the analysis. The last pagesof the ouput file shouldbe as foilou's:34. PARAMETER 35. CODE BS595C 36. TRACK 2 ALL 37. UNL ?.55 Al,L 38. CHECK CODE AI.L

II

I l

{l
:F .I q"J

tt

]I
,t a5
i {

! l : l

i"f

tl
!!

LJ

{}
;l

LJ

tl

it !] '' .
it

t*r

STAAD ho Training l.6.sg.doc

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STAAD.PTo : - STAAD Training

STAAD-III CODE CHECKING (BSI ) PROGRAM CODE REVISION STAAD SPACE V3 . 3_5950-90/2 -PAGE NO.

rl
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.J

AI,I,

UNITS

ARE -

KN

}IETE

(UNLESS OTHm.WISE

NOTED) RATIO/ IN LOADITiG/ LOCATION

MS{BER

,l
)

RESULT/ FX

CRITICAL COND/ HY

'l
.J

t sT u8510x229x140 PASS 0.00

I'{ATERIAI DATA Grade of steel Modulus of elascicity (py) Desigm Strength

BS-4.3 / 4.9 0.00 =43 = 205 kN/rm2 = 265 N/mn2

0.923 417.80

3 3.00

Reduced

255N/nuA

I J
I

SECTION PROPIF.TIES (unj-Ls - cm) Member Length = 300.00 Cross Area = 178.00

Net Area = z-axis LI1799.992 {142.000

Jozz - drz

178.00 y-axis 4505.000 511.000 391.399 8 0-8 5 3

( n11

J
I
I

Moment of inertia Plastic modulus Elastic modulus Shear Area Radius of gyration Effective Length
DESIGN DATA (uniLs Section Class Squash Load Axial force/Squash kN,n)

t :
i

: : ;

91.571 25.062 300.000

855950/1990 PLASTIC 4?l-7.00 0.000
z-d1s

300.000

I j

load

: : :

y-ills

(KL/r) Slenderness ratio conBression Capacity Tension Capacity MomenL Capacity Reduced llotnen! Capacity Shear Capacity

: : : i : :

L 2. 0 4'7r't.0 4 7 1 7. 0 1 0 9 7 .5 1 0 9 ? .5 1456.0

5 9 .5 3814.2 47!7.0 124.5 724.5 1285.5 XB = i5'jlq Effective Length= 7,550 kN,m): W 417.8 417.8 0.0 At7.8 the desicrn, I{Y 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BUCKLINC CALCULATIONS(units - KN,n) Lateral Torsional Buckling Monent co-efficients m & n : m =1.00 n =1.00,

CRITIC-\I, LOADS FOR EACH CLAUSE CHECK (unit.s-

CLAUSE RATIO LOAD FX \/Y VZ -133.0 BS-4.8.3.2 0.145 3 0.0 0.0 1 3 3 . 0 BS-4.8.3.3.2 0.923 0.0 3 0.0 B S - 4 . 2. 3 - ( y l 0.113 3 0.0 1 4 5 .6 0.0 -133.0 BS-4.3 / 4.9 0.923 3 0.0 0.0 Torsion and deflections have not been considered in

Comparingthe publishedresultswith thosein the STAAD design:The publishedBuckling resistance momentMb is 450 kNm (STAAD designis 452.6 kJtlm)

STAAD Pro Training l.6.sg.doc

-54 of 59 rug.

:i
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:- STAADTraining STAAD.PTo
support. Example4, Columnwith pinned ends and intermediate examples, create themodelbelowusingsteps As with theprevious l-8 in example 1.
This is a 6m high columr'. with a lateral restraint at mid-height. Provide a support at ttre basewhich is 'Fixed But', MX and MY. At the top provide another support which is Fixed But'MX, MY and also FY.
uc254X254X89

tl

-.i .i

'l

tl

1J

n tl

E.J

gt
EJ
!l iT

Loading is applied as a single factored point load at the top of the column of -2500 kN (FY). As the load has already been factored, then no load combination is required. Create the command PERFORM ANALYSN as with all the other examples. Check that there is tle correct loading by changing to the Post ProcessingMode and review t}re reactions. There should be none at the top and 2500 kN verticalh,atthebase.
uc254X254X89

al ti.,t

sl

'i I !t 1,|

ft

i:l

?!

iI
q1

dJ
fl [,1
Il

1!

q I i t-

ii

{-i
f j ll
[,J

The str,rcnre is readyto be designed.

l^

U
t-t :l tl TJ

il

[1

I J I

J I I

members,clause4.7), then the When bearrs are being designedas colunrns(ie compression LY and LZ if defning design lengds and factors that are used are defined with the parameters or KY andKZ if defrning a multiplication factor of the actual beam length. the actual lengr.hs ln this example,restraintis provided at mid height when bending about the local Y axis, but not the locaj Z aris. Thereforethe effective lengthof both thesebeamswhen bendingaboutZ axis is fu'ice their acruallength,or 6.0 m. to both members:Thereforeu'e need:o setthe following parameters TRACK l.t-' LZ 6.0 CHECK CODE

n
U
{}
JF ;l

{J ti

i'
iI E t
il l- J

S-rAAD pro Jpining l.6.sg.cloc

of 59 rage-55

:r
t;

;i LJ

nrnf
Theresurting design outputshourd for either member should be:-

iTH;lll.lgl:.ff:IlT - (Bsr )
*Tff""33i"REVrs roNv3.3_s es 0_e 0/2
ALL -TINITS ARE KN

I.{ETE (r.rNLESs oTHSRWTSE NOTED) RASITL!/ Er( cRrrrcl! ---; c "*' RArro/

PAGE NO.

teaER

TASLI

I6lDo,G/

= = . : . : = - : : = = = = = = = = = =c ==lto0'00 ':-l
MATmrAr, ooro-----===
Grade of steel

1., u"iiii,ii*;;T;--."=;;:;:;:=-;::-=_.*=:t:_"=__-fll:: -- ' 't

t 3:;, l.oo
= ,ii *r*o -ofr"#
Zei Reduced = 2G5N/mn2

elasricity fly!"^:, uesrgm sErensrh (py)

SECTIO,NPROPERTTES (unirs _ cm) Meriber LengLh = 100.00 Gross Area = 113.00 Mornent of inertia Plastic modulus Elastic rnodulus Strear Axea Radius of gyration Erteccive Iensth

Net Area = z_axi s I42G9.999 7224.000 1096.427 79.810 11.238 G00.000 PLASTTG

113.00 y-axis 4857.000 575.000 3 7 9 .0 0 9 26.817

o. )56

{r

: : : : : :

*"i::.?:1"{:::.. t:
l

_ },:N,n} Bsses0/1ee0
:

300.000

a*r"r r"i.Jzsquash road ;

Slenderness rat.io (KL/r) eonq>ression Capacitv 'Iension Capacitv ItomenE Capacity : : :

squash r,oal

,tii;jl

z-axi s
q? ,

y_axis

Momene capaciry L"9:..9 snear Capacicy

2994.5 3 2 4. 4 50.3 L 2 6 9. 0

?,5!9,t9

2,iez:z
2ggi.i
tzu-> ,zo, J

45.8

cAlcu,ArroNs (unirs _ kN,m) "u"P:I" Torsional Bucklinguo*"l.i :1."::i co-efficients

CRITICAL LOADS FOR EACH CLAUSECHECK

m & n : m =1.00 n =1.99. (unirs_

h _

Eife:r:ve

kN,nt

"3T:;" sraao spi6"

Torsion and

LoAD Fx rn) PTI9 r.vur 1 2500.0

deflections have not been

tar

o.o

vz

o.o
in

llc
=l

rar.
aa rr^

considered

the Ces:gr.

Comparing thepublished results with those in theSTAADdesisn;_ h'rblished compression capacity is 250gkN (srAAD design is rqz.z kN) ontv passes as it usesthe ord British steelsection Sl$i::ff:gn properries whereas

st""L;;;;;i."rjr-r.'r, = r-. ii,.p.rl,;:;;;;.,,", ffi;lT:T'iJr'iil'"Tlo;i:l'l

-56 of 59 nuge