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8-1 / 20
8.1. Cu trc
8.1.1. S cu to
Chng 8: MN cng dng chung

Lp trn cao, chy trn 2 ng ray
dc xng. Dn ng bng tay
hoc bng in
Nh c cu nng v cc c cu di
chuyn vt c th di chuyn
n mi v tr trong xng.
iu khin:
Bng tay: iu khin t mt
sn
Bng in: iu khin t
mt sn (palng hoc cc
cu trc loi nh) hoc t
cabin treo trn KCKL cu (vi
cc cu trc trng ti ln).

Hnh 8.1: Cu trc
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Chng 8: My nng cng dng chung
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8.1.2. C cu di
chuyn
C cu nng
c trnh by
trong cc chng
trc, y ch
xem xt c cu
di chuyn
(CCDC)
Do khu xe
con ( l
k
) v cu (
L
k
) khc nhau
nn CCDC ca
chng cng s
dng cc s
khc nhau

Hnh 8.2: C cu di chuyn xe con
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8.1.2. C cu di chuyn
(2)
Hnh 8.3: C
cu di chuyn
cu

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Bnh xe v ray










8.1.2. C cu di chuyn (3)
Hnh 8.4: Bnh xe v ray
Hnh 8.5: Phng n lp
bnh xe

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Lc cn chuyn ng ca xe
- Lc cn do ma st (Wms), dc (Wd), gi
(Wg)
- Lc cn do qun tnh Wqt
Vi cu trc b qua lc cn do dc v gi,
v vy, tng lc cn:
W = Wqt +Wms
Lc cn do ma st bao gm:
Ma st ln gia bnh xe vi ray
W
l
= 2P
i
A/D
Ma st trong gi trc
W
0
= fP
i
d/D
Ma st gia g bnh xe v cnh ray (Wth), tnh
qua h s k trong cng thc tnh tng lc ma
st:
Wms = k. P
i
( 2 A + fd)/ D
Lc cn do lc qun tnh gy ra (qu trnh m
my)
Wqt = m.j = 2G Dn
c
/ 375 u
d
t
m

8.1.2. C cu di chuyn (4)
o
E G
v
W
d
v
D
R
A
W
l
d
W
0
D
P
i
v
Hnh 8.6: Lc cn do
dc
Hnh 8.7: Lc cn do ma
st
P
i

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ng c v phanh trong c cu di chuyn
a. ng c
Cng sut ng c
P
yc
= W
ms
.v /( 60.1000. q
d
)
M men m my
T
m
= T
t
+ T

= T
t
+ T
1
+ T
2

Trong : T
t
= W
ms
D /( 2 U q
d
)
T
1
= G D
2
n
c
/ 375 u
d
2
t
m
q
d
T
2
= k (G
i
D
2
i
)
I
n
c
/ 375 t
m


8.1.2. C cu di chuyn (5)
( )
2
2
i i
ms
m
2
d d
k GD .
( G).D . W D
Cui c ng: T
2u 375u 375.

c
c I
d m d m
n
n
t t q q
E
= + +


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Chng 8: My nng cng dng chung
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ng c v phanh trong c cu di chuyn
b. Phanh
M men phanh xc nh tng t CCN, vi cc ch sau:
- M men phanh khng ph thuc chiu di chuyn
- Trong qu trnh phanh lc cn gip cho qu trnh phanh






Ch : - Khi no cn, khi no khng cn t phanh ?
- Chn phanh c g khc so vi c cu nng ?
- M
ph
c quyt nh bi thi gian phanh, tc l t c J
ph

yu cu.
8.1.2. C cu di chuyn (5)
( )
2
2
i i 1
1 ms
ph
2
d d
k GD .
( G).D . -W D
T
2u 375u 375.

d I
d p ph
n
n
t t
q
q
E
= + +

* * *
ph t 1 2
T -T T T = + +

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Chng 8: My nng cng dng chung
8-8 / 20
8.2.1. Cu to chung
Gm KCKL (phn quay, phn khng quay v h thng ta quay) v
cc c cu (c cu nng, c cu di chuyn, c cu thay i tm
vi v c cu quay). Tm vi c th thay i bng xe con chy dc
cn (s dng CCDC) hoc thay i gc nghing cn (s dng
CCN).
Phn loi Theo h thng ta quay =>
8.2. Cn trc quay
Q
L = const
Q
L
Lmax
Q
L
T
Hnh 8.8: Cn trc ct quay
Hnh 8.9: Cn trc ct c
nh

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Cn trc vi vng quay: loi chuyn dng vi tm vi v trng ti
ln.







8.2.1. Cu to chung (2)
T
L
Q
Hnh 8.10: Cn trc vi vng
quay

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1 4
5
2 3
1. S v c im
CCQ c th t trn phn khng quay hoc phn quay
Dn ng bng tay hoc bng in



c im:
TST rt ln u = 200...1000
Phn phi TST u = u
h
.u
b

u
h
= 20..40 ; u
br
= 10..25
Ly hp an ton bo v my
Qun tnh ca h thng rt ln
Trong CCQ khng c khi lng chuyn ng thng
8.2.2. C cu quay
Hnh 8.11: CCQ dn ng in t trn
phn quay

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1 4
5
2 3
2. M men cn quay
Khi quay cn thng cc m men
cn tnh (do ma st, gi,
nghing ca ct) v ng (do qun
tnh cc chi tit):
Tq = Tt + T = Tms + Tg + Tng +
Tqt
M men do ma st trong h thng
ta quay c tnh ph thuc vo
kt cu c th ca chng.
M men Tqt tnh tng t CCN
(tnh trn trc quay ca cn trc):
T
qt
= GD
q
2
.n
c
/ (375.t
m
.u
q
)
M men cn quay tnh quy v
tm
quay ca c cu
8.2.2. C cu quay
tm
quay

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3. ng c v phanh
a) ng c Pt = T
t
.n / (9,55.10
6
.q
q
) Thng chn P
c
= (3..4).P
t
Qu trnh m my: M men ng c pht ra cn thng m men
tnh v m men ng do qun tnh:
T
m
= T
t
+ T

= T
t
+ T
1
+ T
2
T
1
qun tnh do cc khi lng chuyn ng trn
T
2
qun tnh do cc khi lng chuyn ng quay


b) Phanh
Tng t CCDC:
Thi gian m my v phanh thng ly tu vo tm vi:
L (m) 5 10 15 20 25 30
t
m
, t
p
(s) 1,0 2,5 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0
8.2.2. C cu quay (2)
( )
2
2
i i
q
ms
m
2
q q
k GD .
G.D .
T
T
u 375u 375.

c
c
I
q m q m
n
n
t t q q
= + +

( )
2
2
i i 1
q 1
ms
ph
2
q q
k GD .
G.D .
-T
T
u 375u 375.

q
I
q p p
n
n
t t
q
q
= + +


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Chng 8: My nng cng dng chung
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1. i trng
Nhm gim m men un ct.
Khi Qmax (un v pha Q):
M
u
= Q.L + G
1
L
1
G
2
L
2

G

L

Khi Q = 0 (un v pha T):
M
u
' = G

+ G
2
L
2
G
1
L
1
Tt nht M
u
= M
u
' =>
M
t
= G
t
.L

=
= QL/2 + G
1
L
1
G
2
L
2

T tnh c G
t
.
8.2.3. i trng v n nh cn trc
Q
L
G
t
G
2
G
1
L
L
2
L
1
Hnh 8.12a: Tnh i
trng

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2. n nh
Chng lt - nhm tnh mng.
Khi Qmax (Lmax) lt quanh A
iu kin chng lt:
M
f
/ M
l
> 1,15
M
l
= Q.n
q
+ G
1
.n
1
m men gy lt


M
f
= G

.n

+ G
2
.n
2
+ G
m
.n
m
- m
men
chng lt (phc hi)

Khi Q = 0 lt quanh B: Tnh tng t
nh trn (cc khong cch o t im
B).
Lu : Khi lng mng G
m
c vai tr g
khi tnh n nh ?
8.2.3. i trng v n nh cn trc
Hnh 8.12b: Tnh n
nh
n
q
n
1
n

n
m
B A
G
m
Q
G
t
G
2
G
1
n
2

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8.3.1. c im kt cu
1. Cu trc 2 dm
Gm 2 dm chnh ( ti) + h tng
cng v 2 dm u.
Dm chnh: 2 dng: dm n hoc
dn
Dng dn: ch to t thp hnh L, U, I
hoc ghp ( [] ][ ... to m
men qun tnh tng i u cho cc
phng.
Dng dm n: c th l I tiu chun,
I ghp t thp tm (hn hoc gia c
L), hoc ph bin nht l hp t
thp tm hn.
Mt ct ngang dm chnh cu trc
2 dm c dng nh hnh v
Dm u: lp bnh xe cu trc. C
th dng ghp ][ hoc hp.
8.3. Kt cu kim loi
Ghi ch:
1. Trong tnh ton s b chiu cao dm
n (h) ly theo khu cu trc (L)
vi t s h/L trong khong 1/16 n
1/20.
2. Vi kt cu dn, t s ny t 1/10 n
1/16. S nhp ly t 10 n 16 v th-
ng chn s chn.
l
k
l
k
h
h

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8.3. Kt cu kim loi
2. Cu trc 1 dm
Dng khi khu v trng ti khng ln (Q ~ 10 tn; L ~ 15m).
n gin nht gm dm chnh bng thp I, pha di treo palng
in v 2 dm u lp bnh xe cu trc.
Tu khu c th c thm cc thanh ging, dn ngang ( tng
cng theo phng ngang), dn ng ph n nh dn ngang
hoc h ging gim ti kt hp dn ngang v dn ng ph.

3. Cn trc quay ct c nh
Ct: ghp t 2 U hoc ct cn rng c lin khi
Cn: dng dn, ch to t thp nh hnh L, U hoc ng trn


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8.3.2. Tnh ton kt cu kim loi
A. Trnh t tnh ton
1. Xc nh ti trng v s tnh
Ti trng tc ng ln KCKL my trc ni chung theo nhiu cch khc
nhau tu trng hp c th (lp dng, th ti, lm vic bnh thng, s
c...) => cc t hp ti trng khc nhau.
2. Xc nh cc nhn t lc tc ng ln cc phn t KCKL (m men, lc
dc, lc ct...): C kt cu, FEM t tm ra cc phn t v tit din
nguy him nht.
3. Thit k tit din cc phn t
T vic phn tch cc nhn t lc tc ng ln cc phn t xc nh
tit din mt s phn t chnh. Cc phn t khc chn theo cc iu
kin kt cu v cng ngh.
4. Kim nghim cc phn t theo bn, cng v n nh
Cc phn t chn cn c kim nghim v bn, cng v
n nh cc b, cng nh n nh ca ton b kt cu.

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1. Ti trng v s tnh
- Ti trng c nh: trng lng dm G
d
, coi nh phn b u q = G
d
/ L. Khi thit
k cha bit -> ly theo kinh nghim.
- Ti trng di ng: p lc t bnh xe ln ray (dm). Phn b u trn 4 bnh =>
R = k.(Q+G
x
) / 4. H s k tnh n ti trng ng, theo CLV
- S tnh nh hnh v.
2. Tnh cc nhn t lc
- Phng php c kt cu
- Phng php tnh gn ng: thay th 2 lc R bng mt lc 2R t ti gia
dm.
M men un ln nht:
M
u
= R.L/2 + G
d
.L / 8 Cc thnh phn lc khc (ko-nn, ct) b
qua
3. Thit k tit din
Xut pht t bn: o
u
= M
u
/ W
u
s |o
u
| chn tit din c sn hoc thit k
tit din.
4. Kim nghim:
bn, n nh o
u
s |o
u
| ; vng y s [y]
B. Tnh kt cu kim loi cu trc
I. Kt cu dm n
R R
b
q

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1. Ti trng v s tnh
- C nh v di ng (nh dm n). Khi tnh gn ng cc ti ny c t
vo cc nt ca dn.
- S tnh nh hnh v.
2. Tnh cc nhn t lc
- Phng php c kt cu, FEM
- Phng php tnh gn ng: Cc thanh ch chu lc dc N
i
, xc nh bng
mt trong cc phng php tch nt hoc ct ngang dm.
3. Thit k tit din
Xut pht t bn: o = N
i
/ A
i
s |o| t chn tit din thch hp.
4. Kim nghim:
+ bn: o = N / A
0
s |o|
+ cng: s [] mnh ca thanh = l /
min
+ n nh: o' = N / A s |o'| (ch tnh n nh cho cc thanh
chu nn)
l h s gim ng sut cho php (h.s. un dc), ph thuc mnh
ca thanh
A, A
0
din tch tit din nguyn v din tch tr cc l khot
2R

II. Kt cu dn

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Chng 8: My nng cng dng chung
8-20 / 20
1. Ti trng v s tnh
- Ti trng tc dng: trng lng vt nng Q, t trng G v lc cng dy S
- Cc lc ny c chuyn v cc nt ca KCKL
- S ti v s tnh nh hnh v.
2. Tnh cc nhn t lc
Cc thanh ch chu lc dc N
i
,
xc nh bng phng php tch nt
V kh xc nh trc t trng G
i

nn thng b qua, kt qu tnh
c N'
i
. Ly N
i
= 1,2 N'
i
3. Thit k tit din
Xut pht t bn:
o = N
i
/ A
i
s |o| t chn tit din thch hp.
4. Kim nghim
Tng t nh KCKL cu trc. Lu khi kim nghim cn tnh c t trng G
i
C. Tnh kt cu kim loi cn trc ct quay
Q
S
S
G
V
H1
H2
V
H1a
Gi
H2a
Gi
S2
Gi
S1
Q
Gi
S lc tc dng S tnh
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