Electro statistics

COULOMB'S LAW: The force on a charge Q due to a single point charge q is given by Coulombs law

the permittivity of free space

Electric field Intensity: It is force per unit charge when placed in electric field.

A Line Charge: Consider a line charge with uniform charge density extending from A to B along the z-axis. The charge element dQ associated with element dl = dz of the line is

A Surface Charge: Consider an infinite sheet of charge in the xy-plane with uniform charge density . The charge associated with an elemental area dS is

A Volume Charge: Let the volume charge distribution with uniform charge density pv

ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY:

electric flux per unit area is called Flux density

GAUSS'S LAWMAXWELL'S EQUATION:

Gauss's law states that the total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the total charge enclosed by that surface.

By applying divergence theorem to the middle term

Comparing the two volume integrals: Maxwell's equation