Khoa CNKT in t vin thng

Lp: HT1

LI NI U
Trong nhng nm qua, trn th gii tri qua nhiu cuc cch mng v cng ngh mang tnh cht t ph em li cho con ngi nhiu li ch trong cuc sng v ni n n chng ta phi ni n chic in thoi di ng. N gip chng ta c th kt ni mi ngi li vi nhau bt k khong cch v gi y vi s pht trin vt bc ca cng ngh, chic in thoi di ng v ang em n cho con ngi nhng tin ch cc k to ln khng ch l mt cng c nghe gi m n cn gip ngi s dng tm kim thng tin, hnh nh, bn c th ti xung nhng bn nhc hay nhng video m mnh yu thchV c th lm c nhng iu cng rt n gin chic in thoi di ng ca bn ch cn h tr WAP. Vy WAP l g v ti sao in thoi li cn WAP mi c th gip bn lm nhng vic . n ny s nghin cu v cng ngh WAP kha cnh vin thng, kha cnh ca nhng ngi xy dng ln WAP, a bn n vi internet m ch thng qua mt chic in thoi di ng b nh. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n c Trnh Th H rt nhit tnh ch bo v gip em trong sut thi gian thc hin n.Trong qu trnh thc hin n em cn nhiu b ng, do cha c kinh nghim thc tin nn khng trnh khi nhng sai st. V vy, em rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy, c gio em c th hon thnh tt n tt nghip v nhim v hc tp ti trng.

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CHNG I: TNG QUAN V THNG TIN DI NG

1.1. Lch s pht trin ca thng tin di ng Trong qu trnh pht trin ca x hi loi ngi, thng tin lin lc lun l nhu cu cn thit v ng mt vai tr quan trng trong i sng x hi. p ng nhu cu ny, khoa hc k thut trong lnh vc thng tin a ra nhiu hnh thc lin lc ngy cng tin nghi hn, cht lng tt hn. Khi cc ngnh thng tin qung b bng v tuyn pht trin th tng v thit b in thoi v tuyn ra i v cng l tin thn ca mng thng tin di ng sau ny. Nm 1946, mng in thoi v tuyn u tin c th nghim ti ST Louis,bang Missouri ca M. Sau nhng nm 50, vic pht minh ra cht bn dn cng nh hng ln n lnh vc thng tin di ng. ng dng cc linh kin bn dn vo thng tin di ng ci thin mt s nhc im m trc y cha lm c. Thut ng thng tin di ng t bo ra i vo nhng nm 70, khi kt hp c cc vng ph sng ring l thnh cng, gii c bi ton kh v dung lng. Giai on ny gi l h thng di ng tng t th h u tin (1G) vi di tng hp, tt c cc h thng 1G s dng iu ch tn s FM cho m thoi, iu ch kho dch tn FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) cho tn hiu v k thut truy cp c s dng l FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). Th h th 2 (2G) c ph bin trong sut thp nin 90. S pht trin cng ngh thng tin di ng th h th hai cng cc tin ch ca n lm bng n lng thu bao di ng trn ton cu. y l thi k chuyn i t cc cng ngh analog sang digital. Giai on ny c cc h thng thng tin di ng s nh: GSM900MHZ (Global System for Mobile), DCS-1800MHZ (Digital Cordless System), PDC - 1900Mhz (Personal Digital Cellular), IS-54 v IS-95 (Interior Standard). Trong GSM l tin thn ca hai h thng DCS, PDC. Cc h thng s dng k thut TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)ngoi tr IS-95 s dng k thut CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Th h 2G c kh nng cung cp dch v a dng, cc tin ch h tr cho cng ngh thng tin, cho php thu bao thc hin

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qu trnh chuyn vng quc t to kh nng gi lin lc trong mt din rng khi h di chuyn t quc gia ny sang quc gia khc. Th h th ba (3G), t nm 1992 Hi ngh th gii truyn thng dnh cho truyn thng mt s di tn cho h thng di ng 3G: ph rng 230MHz trong di tn 2GHz, trong 60MHz c dnh cho lin lc v tinh. Sau Lin Hip Quc T Truyn Thng (UIT) ch trng mt h thng di ng quc t ton cu vi d n IMT-2000 s dng trong cc di 1885-2025MHz v 2110- 2200MHz. Th h 3G gm c cc k thut: W-CDMA (Wide band CDMA) kiu FDD v TD-CDMA (Time Division CDMA) kiu TDD. Mc tiu ca IMT-2000 l gip cho cc thu bao lin lc vi nhau v s dng cc dch v a truyn thng trn phm vi th gii, vi lu lng bit i t 144Kbit/s trong vng rng v ln n 2Mbps trong vng a phng. Dch v bt u vo nm 2001- 2002. nc ta, mng thng tin di ng u tin ra i vo nm 1992 vi khong 5.000 thu bao. Hai nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng ln l Mobifone (VMS) ra i nm 1993 lin doanh gia cng ty bu chnh vin thng VN (VNPT) v tp on COMVIK (Thu in ) v Vinafone ca trung tm dch v vin thng (GPC) thuc VNPT ra i nm 1996.n nm 2002 Sfone ca tp on TELECOM ca Hn Quc v thng 6/2004 Viettell ca cng Ty Vin Thng Qun i cng bc vo cuc. Cuc chy ua ca cc nh khai thc lm cho gi cc gim xung v cc dch v cng a dng. 1.2. Qu trnh pht trin t GSM ln 3G m bo p ng c cc dch v mi v truyn thng my tnh v hnh nh ng thi m bo tnh kinh t, tnh h thng, thng tin di ng th h hai s c chuyn i tng bc sang th h ba. Tng qut qu trnh chuyn i ny nh hnh v:

GSM

HSCSD

GPRS

EDGE

W-CDMA

Hnh 1.1: L trnh pht trin t GSM n 3G W-CDMA

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Giai on u ca qu trnh pht trin GSM l phi m bo dch v s liu tt hn. Tn ti hai ch dch v s liu trong cng mt mng l chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switching) v chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switching) nh sau: * Cc dch v s liu ch chuyn mch knh m bo: - Dch v bn tin ngn (SMS :Short Message Service). - S liu d b cho tc 14,4 kbps. - Fax bng ting cho tc 14,4 kbps. * Cc dch v s liu chuyn mch gi m bo: - Cha c ch dch v knh. - Dch v Internet, email... - S dng chc nng IWF/PDSN. thc hin kt ni vo mng IP, giai on ny c th s dng giao thc ng dng v tuyn (WAP: Wireless Application Protocol). Giai on tip theo tng tc s liu c th s dng cng ngh s liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD, dch v gi v tuyn chung GPRS v tc s liu tng cng pht trin EDGE. Cc bc trung gian ny gi l th h 2,5. S liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD S liu chuyn mch knh tc cao HSCSD l mt dch v cho php tng tc dch v s liu chuyn mch knh hin nay 9,6 kbps (hay ci tin 14,4kbps) ca GSM. tng tc s liu ngi s dng c th c cp nhiu khe thi gian mt lc hn. C th kt hp linh hot t 1 n 8 khe thi gian t c tc s liu cc i l 64kbps cho mt ngi s dng. Giao din v tuyn ca HSCSD thm ch cn h tr tc ln n 8x14.4 kbps v nh vy c th t c tc trn 100 kbps. Mt tnh nng c bit ca HSCSD l n h tr c kt ni i xng v khng i xng (nh hnh 1.2). T hnh 1.2 ta thy ch HSCSD i xng, s khe pht t BTS n MS bng s khe thi gian theo chiu ngc li. ch bt i xng, s khe theo ng xung ln hn s khe ca ng ln. Ch pht khng i

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xng c s dng khi ngi dng mun truy nhp mng internet, thng thng d liu ti v ln hn rt nhiu d liu a ln mng.
HSCSD i xng BTS n MS 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3

MS n BTS

0 5

0 6

0 7

0 0

0 1

0 2

0 3

0 4

0 5

0 6

0 7

0 0

HSCSD khng i xng BTS n MS 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3

MS n BTS

0 5

0 6

0 7

0 0

0 1

0 2

0 3

0 4

0 5

0 6

0 7

0 0

Hnh 1.2: Biu thi gian cho HSCSD i xng v khng i xng. Dch v gi v tuyn chung GPRS.

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SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC E Gd MSC/VLR D Gs Gr HRL C

Lp: HT1
SM-SC

A R TE MT Uu BSS

Gc Gi

SGSN Gn Gn Gp Gf

GGSN

PDN

TE

EIR SGSN GGSN Mng PLMN khc

Bo hi u

Bo hi u v l u l ng

Hnh 1.3: Cu trc mng GPRS. EIR: HLR: SMS: SGSN: MT: TE: PDN: BSS: Equipment Identity Register. Home Location Register. Short Message Sevice. Serving GPRS Support Node. Mobile Terminal. Terminal Equipment. Public Data Network. Base Station System.

GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node.

PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network.

IWMSC: InterWorking MSC. GMSC: Geteway Mobile Services Switching Center. Dch v GPRS h tr dch v s liu gi tc cao cho GSM. GPRS khc vi HSCSD ch l nhiu ngi s dng c th dng chung mt ti nguyn v tuyn v th hiu sut s dng ti nguyn v tuyn s rt cao. Mt MS ch GPRS ch dnh c ti nguyn v tuyn khi n thc s c d liu cn pht v thi im khc, ngi s dng khc c th s dng chung ti nguyn v tuyn ny. Nh vy

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bng tn c s dng rt hiu qu. Cu trc ca mt mng GPRS nh trn hnh 1.3. Mt ngi s dng GPRS c th s dng n 8 khe thi gian t c tc trn 100 kbps. Tuy nhin y ch l tc nh v nu ng thi c nhiu ngi s dng dch v th tc s thp hn nhiu. Tc s liu tng cng pht trin GSM (EDGE) Ni chung cu trc EDGE ging nh GPRS tuy nhin y s dng k thut iu ch nhiu trng thi hn (8-PSK) v th nng cao c tc truyn dn. N cho php truyn d liu vi tc c th ln n 384 kbit/s cho ngi dng c nh hoc di chuyn chm v 144kbit/s cho ngi dng di chuyn tc cao. Cng ngh v tuyn di ng 3G tc cao (3G W-CDMA) c im ni bt so vi 2 th h trc l: - Truy cp internet tc cao. - Truyn video tc ln n 2Mbps. 1.3. Cc k thut a truy nhp C 4 k thut a truy cp c bn sau y: 1.3.1. a truy cp theo phn chia tn s FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) Trong h thng v tuyn truyn thng, mi mt di tn s c s dng cho nhng mc ch nht nh. Di tn s ny c chia thnh di tn s nh hn,v di tn s nh ny c a vo s dng cc thit b. Ty thuc vo nhu cu, m cc trm pht sng (ni to, nhn v truyn i cc tn s) s dng tn s ph hp cho cc thit b u cui truyn nhn. Cch phn chia tn s s dng nh vy gi l a truy cp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA ). Trong h thng FDMA, c mt thit b trung tm phn chia cc di tn (hoc tn s ) n cc thit b u cui khc nhau, da trn nhu s dng cu ca chng. Ly v d trong h thng truyn thng di ng. H thng bao gm mt s trm pht. Nh nu trong hnh 1.4, trm pht s dng mt di tn s ( y, f1 n f4 ). C bn tn s ny sn sng c s dng cho cc thit b di ng gn xung

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quanh trm pht. Cc tn s s c phn chia theo nhu cu s dng. Cc thit b di ng A s c cp pht tn s f1, ri tip theo thit b di ng B s c cp pht tn s f2. FDMA, cc di tn s c chia thnh nhng di tn nh hn, v di tn ny sn sng cho mt s lng nht nh cc thit b v tuyn s dng, cn c vo nhu cu. My pht trung tm s cp pht cc di tn s cho cc thit b khc nhau da vo cc yu cu thc t t thit b. bo m rng khng c chng cho bng tn trong truyn & nhn gia cc thit b khc nhau s dng di tn s lin k,cc di tn ny phi c quy nh c th. Vic to ra mt khong cch nh gia hai di tn lin k c xem l mt cch.

Hnh 1.4. a truy cp phn chia theo tn s. Theo k tht ny, mi mt ngi s dng trong mt t bo (cell) c phn chia mt di tn s (bng tn) nht nh, cc bng tn ca nhng ngi s dng khc nhau s khng trng nhau (non-overlap). Ngi s dng gi v nhn tn hiu trong bng tn mnh c phn chia v tt c mi ngi trong mng u gi/nhn tn hiu ng thi. V rng mi ngi s dng truyn v nhn tn hiu trong bng tn ca mnh cho nn nhng ngi s dng trong mt t bo (cell) khng gy nhiu cho nhau (l tng). Tuy nhin, do yu cu

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Lp: HT1

cn c mt s lng ln ngi s dng trong mng, cc bng tn s c s dng li cc t bo khc. Chnh v vy c th c nhng ngi s dng t bo A gy nhiu cho mt ngi s dng t bo B gn do hai ngi s dng ny dng chung mt bng tn. Nhiu ny gi l nhiu ng knh (co-channel interference). FDMA c dng trong nhiu h thng v tuyn. H thng truyn thng di ng v h thng truyn thng v tinh ang s dng k thut truyn thng ny.
u im

- Bng thng ca mi knh tng i hp ln hn ch c fading chn lc tn s. - Cc tnh ton cho h thng s dng FDMA kh n gin. - Vic ng b l tng i n gin. Nhc im - Mi user ch c cp cho mt khong tn s nht nh ln bit ti a trn mt knh l c nh v do , h thng FDMA khng thch hp vi truyn dn s. - Cn phi c khong bng tn bo v gim thiu xuyn nhiu knh v c th s dng b lc lc ly khong tn s mong mun. - Cn b lc bng hp tt. 1.3.2. a truy cp theo phn chia thi gian TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA), mt di tn s c s dng bi mt s cc thit b u cui. Mi trm c trao cho khong thi gian(slot time) m n c th truyn. S lng khong thi gian l khng i, v mi trm truyn nhn trong nhng khong thi gian c cp pht. Chng hn nh, trong h thng tin di ng, mi di tn s c chia thnh s tm khong thi gian ring bit v do tm thit b i ng s dng cng mt tn s, truyn thng trong cc khong thi gian khc nhau. Hnh 1.5 minh ha khi nim ny ca TDMA. Mt thit b A truyn nhn trong rnh thi gian 1 v s dng tn s l f1. Thit b B cng truyn v s dng tn s l

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f1 nhng trong mt khong thi gian khc. Cc khong thi gian m cc thit b s dng c phn chia, cp pht bi cc trm thu pht.

Hnh 1.5. a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian. Trong cc h thng TDMA, cc khe thi gian c th c nh hoc thay i. Trong h thng TDMA c khong thi gian c nh, mi trm c cp cc khong thi gian c nh (khong thi gian 1 cho trm A, khong thi gian 2 cho trm B, vv). iu ny dn n mt thit k h thng n gin, nhng bt li l nu mt trm khng c d liu truyn, th khong thi gian trng ra l lng ph. Trong h thng TDMA c khong thi gian thay i, mi trm c giao cc khong thi gian sao cho ph hp vi cc yu cu t thit b kt ni gi v. iu ny dn n mt h thng phc tp hn, nhng cc knh c s dng hiu qu. Mt vn quan trng trong h thng TDMA l ng b ha: mi trm cn bit chnh xc khi n c th bt u truyn trong cc khong thi gian. Rt d dng ni vi thit b A rng n phi truyn trong khong thi gian 1, nhng lm th no thit b A bit chnh xc khi no khong thi gian 1 bt u? Nu n bt u truyn nhng sm hn thi im m khong thi gian 1 bt u, th d liu s va chm vi cc d liu trong khong thi gian 0. Nu n bt u truyn nhng chm hn thi im m khong thi gian 1 bt u, cc d liu s va chm vi cc d liu trong khong thi gian 2. S phc tp ca TDMA nm vic ng b ha. ng

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b ha c thc hin bi cc trm thu pht trung tm gi mt mu bit (101010101 m hnh), v tt c cc trm s dng m hnh ny ng b ha ng h bit ca h. Trong TDMA, mt di tn s duy nht c s dng bi mt s thit b u cui. Mi thit b u cui c ch nh mt khong thi gian nh m trong khong thi gian n c th truyn ti. Vic cp pht khong thi gian c th c c nh, hoc cp pht ng cc khong thi giain c ch nh ch khi thit b c d liu truyn ti. ng b ha l mt vn chnh trong cc h thng TDMA. m bo rng cc thit b ch truyn trong cc khong thi gian ca n, vic nh thi rt nghim ngt v phi c tun theo. Cc trm trung tm s gi mt mu bit cho tt c cc thit b tt c cc thit b ny ng b ha ng h ca thit b v trm trung tm. Trong h thng TDMA c khong thi gian c nh, cc khong thi gian c cp pht mi thit b l vnh vin. Kt qu h thng rt n gin, nhng cc khong thi gian l lng ph nu thit b u cui khng c d liu truyn ti. Mt khc, Trong h thng TDMA c khong thi gian thay i, khong thi gian c ch nh bi mt trm trung tm da trn cc yu cu ca thit b gi v. Do , mt khe cm tn hiu ring bit l vic lm cn thit chuyn cc yu cu gia cc khe cm. Trong cc h thng thng tin di ng, h thng TDMA c khong thi gian thay i c s dng. u im - Thch hp vi truyn dn s do c th linh ng tc bit cho cc knh. - Khng cn khong bng tn bo v ln tit kim c bng tn. - Khng cn b lc bng hp tt - Cho php tn dng tt c nhng u im ca k thut s Nhc im - Cn phi c s ng b thi gian chnh xc c th ghp knh v tch knh my pht v my thu. - B nh hng bi nhiu a ng.

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1.3.3. a truy cp phn chia theo m CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) y l mt cch truy cp khc hn hai cch trn. Theo cch ny, tt c mi ngi s dng trong mt t bo cng truyn/nhn thng tin mt lc v trn cng mt bng tn s. Do vy vn nhiu ln nhau gia nhng ngi s dng trong cng mt t bo, gia nhng ngi s dng cc t bo cnh nhau (do vic s dng li tn s cc t bo cnh nhau) l mt vn ln nht trong cch truy cp CDMA ny. khc phc vn ny, mi ngi s dng trong mt t bo s c gn mt m (code) c bit v khng c hai ngi s dng no trong cng mt t bo c cng mt m (c ngha l mi ngi c mt m ring bit). My thu s cn c vo m ca mi ngi s dng kh bt (khng th kh ht) nhiu ca nhng ngi s dng khc trong cng mt t bo v khi phc tn hiu ca ngi . Trong k tht ny c nhiu trong t bo (intra-cell interference) v nhiu gia cc t bo (inter-cell interference).

Hnh 1.6. a truy cp phn chia theo m CDMA u im - S dng hiu qu ca bng tn

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- V mt l thuyt, h thng s dng CDMA khng gii hn s lng user s dng. - Gim c nh hng ca nhiu a ng. - Tnh bo mt cao do ngi ngoi rt kh xc nh c quy lut ca chui m s dng, do kh khi phc c tn hiu thu c. Nhc im - Cht lng thng tin gim khi s user tng. - B nh hng ca hin tng gn xa, do cn phi p dng k thut iu khin cng sut 1 cch chnh xc. - Cn phi c s ng b m tri ph chnh xc thu ng tn hiu. 1.3.4. a truy cp phn chia theo khng gian SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) Bi v tn s v tuyn l mt ngun ti nguyn t nhin, chng ta cn phi s dng n sao cho hiu qu nht. Cng mt tn s nhng c s dng cc khu vc khc nhau, n c gi l a truy cp phn chia theo khng gian (SDMA). Mt ln na, hy xem xt h thng thng tin lin lc di ng. Cc trm pht chun ch c cp pht mt vi tn s. Cng tn s va c cp pht c th c cp li mt khu vc khc, min sao c mt khong cch ph hp gia hai vng . Nh trnh by trong Hnh 1.7, khu vc c bao ph bi mt h thng thng tin di ng c th c phn chia thnh cc khu vc nh c gi l cells. Nhng khu vc ny (cells) c biu din nh hnh su cnh (ging t ong). Trong mi khu vc (cells) ny, s c cc trm thu pht da vo cc di bng tn c cp. Tn s ca khu vc (cells) A(1) c th dng li v c a vo khu vc (cells) A(2). Chng ta s nghin cu chi tit hn v SDMA khi chng ta tho lun v truyn thng di ng trong chng Cu trc h thng truyn thng di ng.

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Hnh 1.7: a truy cp phn chia theo khng gian. Trong SDMA, vng hot ng c chia thnh cc khu vc nh c gi l cells v mi khu vc ny (cells) c ch nh tn s no . Hai khu vc nh (cells) ny c th s dng cng mt di tn s, vi iu kin l hai khu vc nh ny c chia tch bi mt khong cch ph hp v c gi dng li khong cch. SDMA c dng trong h thng thng tin lin lc di ng. Th mnh ca SDMA l kh nng dng li ca di tn s. Di tn s c cp pht cho mt khu vc nh (cells) c th c cp pht li cho mt khu vc nh (cells) khc, vi iu kin l c khong cch ph hp gia hai khu vc trnh giao thoa. Khong cch ti thiu ny c gi l khong cch dng li ( reuse distance). 1.4. Tm hiu v mng di ng th h th 3 1.4.1. Ti sao li xut hin 3G Vi yu cu ngy cng cao v tc truy cp internet v truyn d liu th h mng 2G khng th p ng c yu cu ca ngi s dng. V vy, mng di ng th h th 3 ra i vi tn gi l 3G. Cng ngh 3G ra i vi kh nng cung ng truyn thng gi tc cao nhm trin khai cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin trn mng di ng. Mng 3G bao gm:

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- Mng UMTS s dng k thut WCDMA c chun ha 3GPP. - Mng CDMA 2000 chun ha bi 3GPP2. - Mng TD-SCDMA c pht trin Trung Quc. - Mng FOMA c pht trin Nht bi NTT DoCoMo cui nm 2001, dng k thut WCDMA. 1.4.2. Sc ht ca tnh kinh t 3G 3G c em li tnh kinh t cao, ti sao ? Bi v 3G cho php cng sut d liu v thoi cao hn vi cng mt khi lng ph song, cng vi nhng ci thin trong chi ph vn hnh. Ngay c trong cc trng hp m GSM/GPRS/EDGE khng chuyn sang 3G trong thi gian 10 nm. CDMA 2000 vn c th t 12% c li hn trong mt mc tng trng thu bao khim tn v vin cnh tnh theo pht s dng. V, khi vin cnh tnh theo pht s dng tng trng thu bao tng ln, mc hiu qu so vi chi ph ca CDMA 2000 li cng ni bt hn vi mc tit kim chi ph t 18% n 23%. Cc cng ngh 3G tn s thp (450 v 850 MHz) thm ch cn hp dn hn khi xt n chi ph ngy cng gim. nhng tn s ny, cc trm c s c th truyn tn hiu song i xa hn v ph song c ci thin c bn trong ln bn ngoi. iu ny c ngha rng ngi ta cn t trm gc hn m vn c c tm ph sng mong mun, v iu ny c ngha l nh khai thc ch cn mt mc u t c bn thp. Cc nh mng 3G CDMA 2000 v WCDMA c kh nng em li cc dch v d liu bng rng, thoi v a truyn thng mi m v sinh nhiu thu nhp m ng thi cng em li tnh kinh t u vit cho vng i ca mng li. Ngy nay nhiu chuyn gia vin thng cho rng, ng tin khn l c t vo 3G. 1.4.3. Kin trc chung ca mt h thng thng tin 3G Mng thng tin di ng 3G lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c thay th bng chuyn

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mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc (nh ting v video) cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. Hnh 1.8 di y cho thy v d v mt kin trc tng qut ca thng tin di ng 3G kt hp c CS v PS trong mng li.

Hnh 1.8: Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn. BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thu pht gc. BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc. RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc. CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh. PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi. SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin. Server: my ch PSTS: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng. PLMT: Public Land Mobile Network: mng di ng cng cng mt t. Cc min chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS) c th hin bng mt nhm cc n v chc nng logic: trong thc hin thc t cc min chc nng ny c t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th thc hin chc nng chuyn mch knh (MSC/GMSC) v chc nng chuyn mch gi

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(SGSN/GGSN) trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng tch hp cho php chuyn mch v truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau: t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu dung lng ln. 3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: H thng thng tin di ng ton cu) c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s dng cng ngh a truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple Acces: a truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a truy nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh RDGE ca GSM). 1.4.4. Cng ngh 3G Vit Nam Chun 3G m B Thng tin v Truyn thng Vit Nam cp php chnh l WCDMA bng tn 2100 MHz. Cng ngh ny hot ng da trn CDMA v c kh nng h tr cc dch v a phng tin tc cao nh video, truy cp Internet, hi tho c hnhWCDMA nm trong di tn 1920MHz 1980 MHz, 2110MHz 2170 MHzy l s la chn ng n bi theo s phn tch trn ta thy rng bng tn c cp php (1900MHz - 2200 MHz cho mng 3G Vit Nam hin ti mi ch c cng ngh WCDMA l sn sang. Cc cng ngh khc, k c CDMA2000 1x EV-DO l cha sn sang on bng tn ny vo thi im hin nay. * Cng ngh W-CDMA c cc c tnh c s sau: - Hot ng CDMA bng rng vi bng tn 5MHz. - Lp vt l linh hot tch hp tt c cc tc trn mt sng mang. - Ti s dng bng 1. * Ngoi ra cng ngh ny c cc tnh nng tng cng sau:

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng - Phn tp pht. - ng ten thch ng. - H tr cc cu trc thu tin tin.

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W-CDMA nhn c s ng h ln nht trc ht nh tnh linh hot ca lp vt l trong vic h tr cc kiu dch v khc nhau, c bit l cc dch v tc bit thp v trung bnh. Nhc im ca W- CDMA l h thng khng cp php trong bng tn TDD vi pht thu lin tc, cng ngh W- CDMA khng to iu kin cho cc k thut chng nhiu cc phng tin lm vic nh my in thoi khng dy. u im ca cng ngh ny l h tr nhiu mc khc nhau: 144Kbps khi di chuyn nhanh, 384Kbps khi i b (ngoi tri) v cao nht l 2Mbps khi khng di chuyn (trong nh). Vi tc cao, W- CDMA c kh nng h tr cc dch v bng rng nh truy cp Internet tc cao, xem phim, nghe nhc vi cht lng khng thua km kt ni trong mng c dy. W- CDMA nm trong di tn 1920MHz 1980 MHz, 2110MHz 2170MHz. 1.5. ng dng ca giao thc WAP trong di ng Cng ngh WAP ang l cng ngh chun ch o cho cc ng dng trn cc thit b khng dy nh in thoi di ng. Mt s ng dng WAP in hnh ang c p dng: t v; kim tra email; xem d bo thi tit, t gi, gi c phiu; xem kt qu bng ; tra cu danh b in thoi tm hiu k hn v WAP trong di ng mi thy c v cc bn cng theo di trong chng II.

CHNG II: TM HIU V WAP

2.1. Kin trc WAP 2.2.1. WAP l g? WAP l vit tt ca Wireless Application Protocol Giao thc ng dng khng dy.

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- Application: Mt chng trnh my tnh, hoc mt n v ca phn mm my tnh c thit k lm mt nhim v xc nh. - Wireless: Khng c, hoc khng cn thit phi c dy, lin quan mt thit n truyn dn v tuyn. - Protocol: Mt tp cc quy tc k thut v thng tin lm th no truyn v nhn gia cc my tnh hay thit b. WAP l mt tp hp cc quy tc cho vic truyn v nhn d liu gia cc ng dng my tnh thng qua cc thit b khng dy nh in thoi di ng. Nh vy WAP khng n thun l mt giao thc n l. N l mt tp hp ca cc giao thc v cc ch tiu k thut m bao gm mi th t lm th no cc thit b WAP v cc tc nhn ngi dng c th lm vic n vic lm th no cc giao thc vn chuyn tng tc vi cc vt mang chng. WAP l mt cng ngh c chun ho cho cc nn tng ngang hng, tnh ton phn b, rt ging vi s kt hp trong Internet ca Hypertext Markup Language HTML v Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP. Ngoi tr n bao gm mt s c trng sng cn: ti u ho cho kh nng hin th thp, b nh thp, bng thng thp nh cc PDA, in thoi di ng Thnh tu chnh ca WAP l n khc phc c cc nhc im ca cc thit b cm tay: * Mn hnh hin th nh. - Khng c mt b nh ln c th chy cc ng dng bt k kch c no - C bng thng hn ch 14.4Kbps. Tt c cc c im c th thay i bt c lc no. Tuy nhin hin ti chng gy kh khn cho cc nh pht trin WAP.

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Hnh 1.9: M hnh Internet WAP cho php cc thit b khng dy xem c cc trang xc nh thit k t Internet, s dng ch n thun vn bn phng hoc c s dng thm cc hnh nh n gin. M lp trnh WAP c thit k r rng v ngn gn cho cc trnh duyt siu nh (mini-browser) c s dng trong cc thit b WAP. Cc trang t chng phi nh bi v tc d liu trn in thoi di ng l gii hn, nh hn nhiu so vi mt modem gia nh. Hn na cc thit b WAP c mn hnh hin th khc nhau v hnh th v kch c. V vy cc trang ging nhau c th xem rt khc nhau ph thuc cc thit b m bn s dng, hon ton c lp vi phin bn ca mini-browser c s dng trn in thoi .

Hnh 2.0: M hnh mng khng dy Cng ngh WAP l cng ngh kt hp gia Internet v mng khng dy, cho kin trc mng kt hp nh hnh v.

Hnh 2.1: M hnh kt hp Internet/mng khng dy

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- C th truy cp n cc dch v phong ph v a dng trn thng trng. - Dch v c th c nhn ho - Truy nhp nhanh, thun tin, hiu qu ti cc dch v - Cc thit b WAP l c sn trong nhiu dng khc nhau (TD, PDA,) 2.2.1. M hnh v WAP 2.2.1.1. M hnh World-Wide Web Kin trc World -Wide Web (WWW) cung cp mt s linh hot cng m hnh lp trnh mnh (Hnh 2.2). Cc ng dng v ni dung c biu din di dng d liu chun , v c duyt bi cc ng dng c bit n nh l trnh duyt web (web browsers). Web browser l mt ng dng trong mng, n gi cc yu cu (request) cho nhng i tng d liu c nh danh n network server v network server tr li bng d liu c m ha di dng cc nh dng chun.

Hnh 2.2: M hnh World-Wide -Web WWW chun ch r nhiu k thut cn thit xy dng mt mi trng ng dng tng qut, bao gm: - M hnh tn chun - Tt c server v content trn www c nh danh vi mt Internet-standard l Unifor. - Loi content Tt c content trn WWW c phn loi r rng cho php web browser x l chnh xc content da trn dng ca n.

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- Cc chun nh dng content Tt c web browsers h tr mt tp cc chun nh dng content. N bao gm: HyperText Markup Language (HTML), ngn ng script [ECMAScript, JavaScript], v cc nh dng khc. - Cc giao thc chun Cc giao thc chun trong mng cho php web browser giao tip vi bt k web server no. Giao thc c s dng ph bin trn WWW l HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP). Cu trc c bn ny cho php cc user d dng c c lng ln cc ng dng third - party v dch v. N cng cho php ngui ng dng d dng to cc ng dng v dch v cho vic giao tip ca cc khch hng. 2.2.1.2. M hnh WAP M hnh WAP (Hnh 2.3) l m hnh WWW vi mt vi ci tin . K tha t m hnh WWW cung cp mt s li ch cho ngi pht trin ng dng, bao gm mt m hnh lp trnh quen thuc, mt kin trc c chng thc, v kh nng ca cc cng c tn ti (Web servers, XML tools, ...). Ti u v m rng tha mn nhng c im ca ca mi trng khng dy. Cc chun c thng qua hoc c s dng l im bt u cho k thut WAP. Nhng ci tin quan trng nht m ca m hnh WAP: - Push - Telephony Support (WTA)

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K thut request-response kinh in c cp ph bin l pull tri ngc vi c ch push. Ni dung v cc ng dng WAP c nh ngha trong mt tp cc nh dng ni dung ni ting trn c s cc nh dng ni dung WWW thn thuc . Ni dung c truyn ti s dng mt tp chun cc giao thc truyn thng trn c s cc giao thc truyn thng WWW. WAP microbrowser trong l mt chun tng t nh web browser. WAP xy dng mt tp cc chun truyn thng gia cc mobile terminal v network server, bao gm: - M hnh tn chun - WWW- chun URL c s dng nh dng WAP content trn origin server. WWW- chun URL c s dng nh dng local resource trn mt device, gi cc chc nng iu khin. - Loi content - Tt c cc WAP content c phn loi r rng , cho php WAP user agent x l chnh xc content da trn dng ca n. - Cc chun nh dng content Cc nh dng WAP content da trn k thut WWW v bao gm vic hin th t gi, thng tin v lch biu, nh, - Cc giao thc truyn thng chun cc giao thc ny cho php truyn thng gia mobile terminal v web server. Dng ca WAP content v cc giao thc c ti u ho i vi cc thit b cm tay khng dy. 2.2.1.3. M hnh tham chiu WAP Hnh 2.4 l m hnh tham chiu WAP trong cc thc th qun l lp iu khin vic khi to giao thc, cu hnh v cc iu kin li (ging nh mt kt ni ca cc trm do cc di ng i ra ngoi vng ph sng) m khng c iu khin bi chnh giao thc.

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Hnh 2.4: M hnh tham chiu WAP 2.3. 2.3.1. Cc lp ca giao thc WAP Lp truyn ti: giao thc datagram v tuyn (WDP)

2.3.1.1. Nhim v ca WDP Tng WDP hot ng trn d liu c kh nng dch v bearer h tr bi nhiu loi mng khc nhau. Nh mt datagram dch v ni chung, WDP cung cp mt dch v ph hp ti giao thc tng cao hn ca WAP v giao tip trong sut trn mt trong s nhng dch v bearer. WDP h tr mt vi giao tip ng thi v d trong trng hp t mt tng cao hn vi mt tng dch v nm di. Cng s xc nh s tn ti ca cc tng cao hn trn WDP. N c th l mt giao thc tng khc nh WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol) hoc WSP (Wireless Session Protocol) hoc mt ng dng nh th in t. Bng cch s dng li cc phn t ca cc tng pha di, WDP c

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th c b xung h tr nhiu tng v ti thiu cho nhng thao tc hiu qu trong vng ti nguyn hn hp ca mt thit b di ng. Hnh di a ra mt m hnh ca kin trc giao thc ca WAP v cch m WDP ph hp vi kin trc :

Hnh 2.5: Kin trc chung ca WDP Trong hnh 2.5 trn, vng ti l nhng tng ca giao thc m c t WDP c th p dng mt cch r rang c th. cc thit b di ng, WDP cung cp nhng phn t WDP ph bin c a ra bi tng c nhn WDP. Tng thch nghi khc l tng ca giao thc WDP m sp t chc nng ca giao thc WDP trc tip vi mi bn ring bit. Tng thch nghi l khc nhau i vi mi bn ph hp vi kh nng ring bit cng nh tnh nng ca mi bn dch v. Tng Bearer l bn dch v nh GSM SMS, hoc USSD hoc ANSI-136 R-Data hoc gi d liu CDMA. cng ni tng thch nghi kt thc v chuyn gi WDP sang mt WAP Proxy/server qua giao thc Tunnelling m giao din gia cng h tr dch v khch hng v WAP Proxy-server. V d, nu nh bn dch v l GSM SMS, cng s phi l GSM SMSC v c th h tr mt giao thc c trng (giao thc Tunnelling) vi giao din ca SMSC hay giao din ca cc nh cung cp khc. Mng con c th l mt k thut mng bt k no m c th s dng ni hai thit b giao tip no , v

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d mng vng rng da trn TCP/IP hay X25 hoc LAN vn hnh TCP/IP mng Ethernet. WAP proxy/server c th cung cp ni dung ng dng hoc c th thc hin vai tr ging nh mt cng ni gia tp giao thc WTP khng dy v mng Internet dy dn. 2.3.1.2. WDP qun l thc th WDP qun l thc th c s dng nh mt giao din gia tng WDP v mi trng ca cc thit b. WDP qun l thc th cung cp thng tin cho tng WDP v mi trng thit b, ci m c th tc ng n s chnh xc ca hot ng ca WDP. Giao thc WDP c thit k xung quanh mt gi nh hot ng ca mi trng c kh nng truyn ti v nhn d liu. V d, gi nh bao gm nhng kh nng c bn sau v phi c cung cp bi thit b di ng: - Thit b di ng phi trong vng ph sng m thu bao c th gi c. - Thit b di ng phi ngun v ngun phi bt. - ti nguyn (x l v b nh) vi phm vi sn sng vi WDP. - Giao thc WDP phi c nh cu hnh chnh xc. - Ngi dng sn lng gi v nhn d liu. WDP qun l thc th c th gim st trng thi ca cc dch v v kh nng k trn ca mi trng di ng v c th thng bo cho tng WDP nu nh mt hoc nhiu iu kin m bo khng sn sng. V d: khi thu bao ngoi vng ph song. Qun l thc th thu bao c th thng bao cho qun l thc th WDP l s truyn nhn vi thu bao vng khng th tip tc. Tip , qun l thc th WDP c th ch ra cho tng WDP ng bt c kt ni no ang hot ng vi vng thu bao . Mt v d khc khi yu pin, mi chuyn cng tng t nh vy. Trong vic b xung s gim st trng thi ca mi trng di ng, WDP qun l thc th c th c s dng nh mt giao din vi ngi dng ci t nhiu tham s cu hnh c s dng bi WDP, nh mt thit b a ch. N cng c th

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c s dng b xung chc nng sn c cho ngi s dng nh tnh nng drop all data connections. Ni chung, WDP qun l thc th s x l vi tt c cc kt qu quan h vi s khi u, cu hnh, s t cu hnh li, v ti nguyn khi n gn lin vi tng WDP. T khi m WDP qun l thc th phi tng tc vi nhiu thnh phn ca mt thit b m to bi nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau, nh thit k v s b sung ca WDP qun l thc th c coi l b ngoi so vi tm gii hn ca c t WDP v l mt s b xung cn thit. 2.3.1.3. S tin dng ca WDP C mt tp hp ti thiu ca cc tnh nng ca WDP cn thit c thc hin y bo m rng s thi hnh t nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau phi thc hin c mc quc t. Giao thc WDP thc thi trn nhiu bn cung cp dch v khc nhau. Vi mi bn, WDP c trng c h tr mt dch v datagram. Chnh dch v datagram ny c WDP s dng h tr hm dch v nguyn thu tru tng c nh ngha trong c t ny. Vi nhng bn dch v h tr IP, giao thc WDP phi l UDP. Vi nhng bn dch v khng h tr IP, giao thc WDP nh ngha trong c t ny phi c s dng. 2.3.1.4. WDP m t s lc bn ph thuc Nhng hnh v sau m t giao thc s lc cho thao tc ca WDP gia mt thit b di ng v nh cung cp trn mt k thut RF c trng v bn c trng vi k thut : WDP trn GSM Hin trng GSM SMS

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Hnh 2.6: WDP trn GSM SMS Hnh trn minh ho hin trng giao thc ca tng WDP khi thao tc bn dch v SMS. Hin trng GSM USSD

Hnh 2.7: WDP trn GSM USSD

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Hnh trn minh ho hin trng giao thc cho tng WTP khi thao tc trn bn dch v USSD. UDCP (USSD Dialogue Control Protocol) l ng tin cy cho vic qun l bn song cng USSD v cung cp tng cao hn vi a ch cho WAP Proxy / server. Hin trng GSM GPRS

Hnh 2.8: WDP trn GSM GPRS Hnh trn minh ho hin trng giao thc cho tng WDP khi thao tc trn bn dchv GPRS. GPRS h tr IP vi mt thit b di ng do UDP/IP s cung cp dch v Datagram. 2.3.2. Lp bo mt: giao thc lp truyn ti v tuyn (WTLS) 2.3.2.1. Nhim v ca WTLS Lp WTLS hot ng trn lp giao thc giao vn. Lp WTLS c chia thnh cc module v ch ph thuc vo mc bo mt yu cu ca cc ng dng l c s dng hoc khng. WTLS cung cp cho cc lp trn mt giao din dch v giao vn an ton nhm bo v giao din dch v giao vn bn di n. WTLS cung cp mt giao thc qun l cc kt ni an ton (ngha l: to v chm dt kt ni).

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Mc tiu chnh ca WTLS l cung cp tnh ring t, tnh ton vn, tnh nhn thc gia hai ng dng ang truyn thng. WTLS cung cp cc chc nng nh h tr d liu , ti u cc thao tc bt tay Giao thc WTLS c ti u cho cc mng mang bng thng thp. 2.3.2.2. Chng thc WTLS Khi hng n bo mt ca mt mng tin cy, chng thc l mt yu cu cn phi p ng WTLS cng khng ngoi l. Phng php chng thc c s dng trong WTLS l cp chng th. N c th thc thi WTLS m khng yu cu chng th nhng nng cao tnh bo mt, cc chng th c a ra. Cc nh dng khc nhau ca cc chng th c cho php trong WTLS, bao gm nh dng X.509v3. 2.3.2.3. Cc thnh phn ca WTLS WTLS chia thnh nhiu thnh phn. Tng bn di gi l giao thc bn ghi (Record Protocol RP). RP ly d liu gc t cc tng bn trn, thc hin nn, m ha v chuyn d liu. Trong cch tng t, khi nhn c RP ly d liu, thc hin gii nn, gii m v a d liu ln cc tng bn trn. RP cn thc hin kim tra thng ip xc nhn thng ip khng b thay i. Mi ln RP lm xong vic ca mnh, n s gi d liu n bn i tng cp cao hn ca WTLS.

Hnh 2.9: Cc thnh phn ca WTLS Bn i tng ca cp cao hn trong thit k ca WTLS: giao thc bt tay (handshake protocol), giao thc cnh bo (alert protocol), giao thc ng dng (application protocol), giao thc i mt m (change cipher specific protocol). Mc d cc chi tit m rng ca tng phn vt qu phm vi ca quyn sch ny nhng bn cng nn lm quen vi chc nng ca tng i tng. 2.3.3. Lp giao vn: giao thc giao vn v tuyn (WTP)

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng 2.3.3.1. Nhim v ca WTP

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Giao thc giao vn v tuyn WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol) c nhim v p ng cc yu cu v tr li v phng tin truyn thng t ngi s dng ti my ch ng dng v ngc li. WTP tng thch vi cc iu kin rng buc v bng thng hp ca mi trng v tuyn, trong n ti thiu tiu giao thc qua vic ti thiu s lng ln pht li. Cc c tnh ch cht ca WTP l cung cp cc dch v giao vn cho cc hot ng trc tuyn nh duyt Web. WTP c thit k tng s lng cc pha giao vn, gim cc th tc pht li, xc nhn v th tc gii phng. Ngoi ra, WTP cn c th m rng chc nng phn on v to li bn tin. T hp giao thc giao vn v tuyn WTP v giao thc phin v tuyn WSP (Wireless Session Protocol) cung cp dch v truyn ti siu vn bn (hypermedia) gia cc phn t mng qua truyn ti phi kt ni, trong khi giao thc truyn ti siu vn bn HTTP cung cp dch v truyn ti siu vn bn qua truyn ti c hng kt ni. 2.3.3.2. WTP qun l thc th Thc th qun l WTP c s dng nh mt giao din gia giao thc WTP v mi trng thit b. N cung cp cho lp WTP thng tin v s thay i ca mi trng thit b m bo su hot ng ng ca WTP. WTP c thit k trn mt mi trng gi nh vi cc hot ng truyn v nhn d liu. V d cc gi nh ny bao gm cc kh nng c s phi c cung cp bi thit b di ng nh: - Thit b ang trong vng c hiu lc ca dch v mang. - Thit b c ngun in v ang bt ngun. - C ti nguyn cho WTP (kh nng x l v b nh). - Giao thc WTP c cu hnh ng. - Ngi dng sn sng truyn v nhn d liu. Thc th qun l WTP gim st cc dch v trn cng cc nng lc ca mi trng thit b, v s bo cho lp WTP nu mt trong cc gi nh trn l khng c sn. V d nu thit b di chuyn ra ngoi vng hiu lc ca dch v mang, Thc th

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qun l dch v mang s bo cho thc th qun l WTP rng hin ti vic truyn v nhn ti thit b l v hiu. Thc th qun l WTP s ch th cho lp WTP ng tt c cc kt ni kch hot qua dch v mang. Thm vo , gim st trng thi ca mi trng di ng thc th qun l WTP c th c s dng nh mt giao din ngi dng thit lp cc tham s cu hnh khc nhau cho WTP, nh a ch thit b. N cng c th c s dng ci t cc chc nng c sn nh c trng loi b tt c cc kt ni d liu. Ni chung, thc th qu l WTP s thng bo tt c nhng g lin quan ti vic khi to, cu hnh, cu hnh ng, v cc ti nguyn vi lp WTP. 2.3.4. Lp phin: giao thc phin v tuyn (WSP) 2.3.4.1. Nhim v ca WSP WSP cung cp mt bin php lu chuyn d liu c trt t gia cc ng dng client/server. Cu th: - Thit lp mt phin lm vic tin cy t client ti server v gii phng phin lm vic mt cch c th t. - Chp nhn trn mt mc chung ca chc nng giao thc s dng k nng m phm. - Lu chuyn ni dung gia client/server s dng m ho ti u. - Kh nng tm ngng v khi phc cc phin lm vic. Cc dch v v cc giao thc nh ngha hin ti hu ht thch hp cho cc ng dng kiu trnh duyt. WSP nh ngha hai giao thc hin ti: mt cung cp c ch kt ni cc dch v phin qua mt dch v giao dch, v mt cung cp cc dch v phi kt ni qua mt dch v giao vn d liu . Dch v phi kt ni hu ht l ph hp khi cc dch v khng cn tin tng d liu truyn v khng kim tra cn thn thng tin. N c th s dng m khng cn phi thit lp mt phin lm vic. Thm vo cc c trng chung WSP cung cp bin php : - Cung cp chc nng HTTP/1.1: m rng c ch yu cu/p ng, cc i tng lai ghp, m phn kiu ni dung. - Lu chuyn cc tiu phin clien/server.

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng - Ngt cc giao dch trong tin trnh.

Lp: HT1

- y ni dung t server ti client theo mt c ch khng ng b. - m phn h tr nhiu giao dch khng ng b ng thi. Chc nng c bn Phn li ca thit k WSP l mt dng nh phn ca HTTP. Do cc yu cu gi t server ti client c th mang c hai phn tiu v d liu. Tt c cc phng thc thit k bi HTTP/1.1 u h tr. Thm vo , kh nng m phn c th c s dng chp nhn mt tp cc phng thc yu cu m rng. Bi vy s tng thch y vi cc ng dng HTTP c th c gi li. WSP t n khng phin dch cc thng tin tiu trong cc yu cu v p ng. Mt phn ca phin to ra tin trnh, cc tiu yu cu, p ng v phn cn li trong thi gian sng ca phin c th c chuyn gia nhng ngi dng dch v ti client v server. C th bao gm: kh nng chp nhn cc kiu ni dung, cc tp k t, cc ngn ng, cc nng lc thit b v cc tham s khc. WSP s thng qua cc tiu phin client v server nh l cc yu cu v p ng m khng c vic thm hoc bt. Chu k sng ca mt phin WSP khng ph thuc vo lp giao vn bn di. Mt phin c th b treo trong khi ch gii phng ti nguyn mng hoc tit kim pin. Mt giao thc thit lp li phin n gin cho php khi phc cc phin khng c s thit lp phc tp trn. Chc nng m rng WSP cho php nhiu kh nng m rng m phn gia cc u cui. iu ny cho php ci t c hai: hiu nng cao, chc nng y trong cc ci t n gin, c bn v nh. WSP cung cp mt c ch tu chn cho vic nh km cc thng tin tiu ti thng bo ACK ca mt giao dch. iu ny cho php ng dng client truyn cc thng tin xc nh v giao dch hon tt v server.

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WSP cung cp c hai c ch truyn ti d liu: ko v y. C ch ko c s dng trong cc yu cu/p ng da trn HTTP/1.1. Thm vo WSP cung cp ba c ch y cho truyn ti d liu: - y d liu khng nh vi mt ng cnh phin ang tn ti. - y d liu khng khng nh vi mt ng cnh phin ang tn ti. - y d liu khng khng nh khng tn ti mt phin. WSP h tr tu chn cc yu cu khng ng b, nh vy client c th trnh nhiu yu cu ti server ng thi. iu ny ci tin vic tn dng thi gian do c th gp chung nhiu yu cu v p ng vo trong mt vi thng ip. Cc yu cu c th gi n client khi c th. WSP chia cc trng tiu thnh cc trang m tiu . Mi trang m ch c th nh ngha ch mt gii hn nht nh cc m ng vi cc tn trng bit. Vic thc thi cc nh danh bn ngoi trang m khng l vn do WSP c mt c ch dch t mt trang m tiu ny ti mt trang m tiu khc. 2.3.4.2. Dch v ca lp phin Lp phin trong WAP cung cp c hai kiu dch v kt ni (connection) v phi kt ni (connection-less). Chng c nh ngha s dng k thut m t tru tng da trn cc phc v li gi nguyn thu. S nh ngha dch v ny xc nh chc nng ti thiu m mt phin WAP phi p ng c h tr nhng ngi s dng n. Do nh ngha ny l tru tng, khng ch ra hoc xc nh cc giao tip lp trnh hoc cc ci t. Thc t, dch v tng t c th c cung cp bi cc giao thc khc nhau. Dch v c kt ni Dch v phin c kt ni c chia thnh nhiu loi tin ch , mt s trong l tu chn. Hu ht cc tin ch l khng i xng, bi vy, cc hnh ng c sn ca client v server kt ni khc nhau bi phin. * Cc tin ch cung cp: - Tin ch qun l phin. - Tin ch triu gi phng thc.

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng - Tin ch bo co ngoi l. - Tin ch y (push). - Tin ch y xc nhp (confirmed push). - Tin ch phc hi phin

Lp: HT1

Cc tin ch qun l phin v bo co ngoi l l lun c sn. Cc tin ch khc c iu khin bi qu trnh m phm nng lc trong sut qu trnh thit lp phin. Tin ch Qun l phin cho php mt client kt ni vi mt server v bng lng trn cc tin ch v cc tu chn giao thc c s dng. Mt server c th t chi mt kt ni th, t do chn la vic hng client ti mt server khc. Trong sut qu trnh thit lp, client v server cng c th trao i cc thng tin thuc tnh c cho l vn cn hp l trong sut phin lm vic. C hai server v client u c th kt thc phin lm vic, nh th, u cui c thng bo sau cng v vic kt thc phin. Ngi dng cng c thng bo nu vic kt thc phin xy ra bi nh cung cp dch v hoc mt thc th qun l. Tin ch Triu gi phng thc cho php client ngh server thc thi mt hnh ng v tr v mt kt qu. Cc hnh ng c sn l cc phng thc HTTP hoc cc hnh ng m rng m ngi dng nh ngha. Nhng ngi s dng dch v c hai pha client v server lun c thng bo v vic hon thnh cc giao dch, c khi thnh cng hoc hng. Nguyn nhn hng c th c hai pha ngi dng dch v v nh cung cp dch v. Tin ch Bo co ngoi l cho php nh cung cp dch v bo cho ngi s dng v cc s kin c lin quan n nhng giao dch khng mang tnh cht ring t v khng gy ra s thay i trng thi phin. Tin ch y (Push) cho php server gi cc thng tin khng c yu cu n client a n s thun li trong vic chia s thng tin gia client v server. Tin ch y c xc nhn (confirmed-push) cng ging nh tin ch push nhng yu cu client xc nhn thng tin nhn. Client c th la chn hu b thng bo ca server.

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Tin ch Phc hi phin cung cp cc phng tin tm ngng mt phin m trng thi ca phin c lu gi, nhng c 2 pha ca phin du bit rng truyn thng s khng c p ng cho n khi phin c client phc hi. C ch ny cng dng iu khin trng thi m cc nh cung cp dch v pht hin c, vic truyn thng s khng ko di lu hn cho n khi hot ng c sa ng bi ngi s dng dch v hoc cc thc th qun l. N cng c th c s dng chuyn phin ti mt mng mang thay th c nhiu thuc tnh thch hp hn mng mang ang s dng. Tin ch ny phi c ci t m bo iu khin hnh vi hp l trong mi trng mng mang hin ti. Dch v phin phi kt ni Trong c ch phi kt ni, WSP ch cung cp mt khung c bn ca cc dch v. Do khng tn dng lp WTP, khng xc nhn cho bt k phng thc no c gi. Di y l mt lot cc c trng dch v WSP phi kt ni. - Ch cc yu cu-p ng n gin v push. Khng c qu trnh thit lp phin. - Khng tin cy qua FTP. - Cung cp cc dch v phin ging nh l tin nhn thng minh. Cc c trng giao thc ca WSP phi kt ni. * Ch h tr ba kiu li gi dch v nguyn thy: - MethodInvoke: gi mt yu cu. - MethodResult: tr li mt yu cu. - UnitPush: gi mt thng bo push. Mi li gi push hoc cp Invoke/Result u c nh danh bi 1 TID ( S nhn dang giao dch Transaction Identifier). Vic truyn thng c th din ra ti bt c thi im no m mng cung cp l c kh nng. Cc dch v bo mt c th c s dng (WTSL). Do n khng su dng WTP, WSP phi kt ni c th khng ng tin cy. 2.3.5. Lp ng dng: Mi trng ng dng v tuyn (WAE) 2.3.5.1. Nhim v ca WAE

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WAE xc nh mt b khung ng dng cho cc thit b khng dy ging nh PDA v in thoi di ng,v.vN c xy dng da trn cc cng ngh WAP tn ti nh WTP v WSP, c hai phn ca chng giao thc. WAE trn ca lp cao nht v c th truy cp n mi hoc mi lp bn di n, nh c iu khin bi kin trc chng giao thc WAP. Sn phm ca WAE l cc ch tiu k thut hoc l mi hoc l da trn cc cng ngh c v c tri nghim. Tiu im ca cc cng ngh l: - Ngn ng nh du cho thit b cm tay HDML ca Phone.com. - Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn HTML ca WWW. - Tiu chun ECMA-262 Tiu chun ngn ng ECMAScript da trn JavaScript. - nh dng d liu lch thng mi (vCalendar) v nh dng d liu danh b thng mi (vCard) ca IMC. - Mt phn ln ca cc cng ngh WWW nh cc URL, HTTP. - Mt phn ln ca cc cng ngh Mng Di ng nh cc dch v iu khin cuc gi GSM v cc dch v IS-136 ni chung nh gi tin nhanh. Cc cng ngh WAE a ra khng phc v y cc cng ngh thc y n. Tt nhin , s thay i to ra s kt hp cc phn t tt hn vo mt mi trng lin kt, s tng tc ti u hn v giao din ngi dng cho cc u cui gii hn mn hnh nh m c th truyn thng qua cc mng di ng. 2.3.5.2. Mc tiu v yu cu ca WAE Danh sch di y tm tt cc yu cu ca Mi trng ng dng khng dy WAE: WAE phi c kh nng n gin m hiu qu, l mi trng pht trin v thc thi cc ng dng c ngha v hu ch. WAE phi cung cp mt b khung ng dng tng qut. WAE khng th cho rng mt trnh duyt l mt tc t iu khin trong thit b v cng khng c th cho rng mt trnh duyt lc no cng chy trn thit b. Cc ng dng khc c th tn ti trong thit b. Trong trng hp , WAE phi khng ngn cn cc ng

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dng cng tn ti hoc kt hp ngang hng vi mt trnh duyt. Thm vo cc ng dng kia c th truy nhp v thc y cc dch v WAE chung trn thit b.WAE phi khng sai khin hoc mang bt k c ch giao tip ngi my ( Man Machine Interface - MMI) no. Cc ci t WAE pahi c kh nng a vo cc c ch MMI mi hoc s dng cc c ch MMI tn ti. C ch ci t phi c kh nng hng ngi dng cui vi mt MMI ph hp v c ngha c kh nng tng thch vi thit b ch. WAE phi c kh nng tng thch vi mt lng phong ph a dng cc thit b c nng lc hn ch. WAE phi c mt b nh nh v c yu cu kh nng tnh ton gii hn. WAE tng thc vi th h thit b khng dy hin ti m khng gy nguy him v c kh nng pht trin h tr cho cc thit b trong cc th h tng lai. WAE phi y mnh s kt hp cc phng tin c hiu qu thu nh s lng v tn s ca d liu lu chuyn qua khng kh vi cc server gc. WAE phi cung cp cc phng tin truyn cc nng lc thit b ti cc server gc. Thm v cc dch v mng WAE phi da trn chng giao thc mng ca WAP. WAE phi h tr vic quc t ho v a phng ho s dng cc tiu chun hoc cc phng php thc hin c chp nhn WAE phi khng lm tn hi n c ch bo mt ca WAP. WAE phai bao gm c ch truy cp c ngha bo m x l an ton cc ni dung truy nhp ca mng. WAE phi khuyn khch v cho php vic ci t ng hnh cc nh sn xut, cc nh cung cp ni dung v dch v khc nhau. WAE phi cha cc m rng cho php cc phng tin dnh cho iu khin cuc gi v tin nhn, tt nh cho php mt tp tiu chun cuc gi gi tr gia tng v cc kh nng iu khin c trng WAE phi cho php cc nh iu hnh mng a vo cc c trng hot ng mi vo cc ci t ca h. 2.3.5.3. M hnh ca WAE

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WAE i theo mt m hnh sinh ra t WWW. Tt c ni dung c xc nh trong cc khun dng tng t nh cc khun dng tiu chun ca Internet. Thng tin c giao vn s dng cc giao thc chun trong tn min WWW v mt giao thc ging nh HTTP ti u trong tn min khng dy. WAE vay mn t cc chun WWW bao gm cc phng thc sng to v xut bn vi kh nng tng ng. Kin trc WAE cho php tt c thng tin v cc dch v c t trn cc server gc Web tiu chun, m kt hp cc cng ngh c tri nghim.(V d CGI). Tt c cc ni dung c nh v s dng cc URL chun WWW. WAE m rng mt s tiu chun ca WWW theop hng ph hp vi cc thit b di ng v cc c trng mng. Cc m rng WAE c thm vo h tr cc Dich v Mng Di ng nh iu khin cuc gi v tin nhn.. S ch cn thn c tr bi cc cc rng buc b nh v kh nng x l CPU c tm thy trong cc u cui di ng. H tr cho cc mng bng thng thp v thi gian duy tr cao.c bao gm trong kin trc. WAE cho rng s hin hu ca cc chc nng Gateway p ng cho vic m ho v gii m d liu chuyn i v n mobile client. Mc ch ca vic m ho ni dung phn phi ti client l ti thiu ho d liu gi ti client qua mi trng khng kh cng nh ti thiu ho nng lc tnh ton cn thit ca client x l d liu. Chc nng gateway c th thm vo cc server gc hoc t cc gateway chuyn bit nh minh ho hnh 3.0.

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng Hnh 3.0: M hnh logical WAE * Cc phn t chnh ca m hnh WAE bao gm:

Lp: HT1

- Cc tc t ngi dng WAE (WAE User Agents): Phn mm trong thit b pha client cung cp chc nng r rng ti ngi dng cui. Cc tc t ngi dng (ging nh cc trnh duyt) c tch hp vo kin trc WAP. Chng phin dch ni dung mng tham chiu bi mt URL. WAE cha cc tc t ngi dng cho hai tiu chun ni dung ch yu: Ngn ng nh du khng dy m ho (WML) v kch bn WMLScript bin dch. - Cc b pht sinh ni dung: Cc trnh ng dng (hoc dch v) trn cc server gc (v d: cc kch bn CGI,) m to ra cc khun dng ni dung tiu chun trong p ng ti cc yu cu t cc tc t ngi dng trong u cui di ng. WAE khng ch nh bt k b to ni dung tiu chun no nhng cho rng n chy sn trn cc server gc vi thng thng c s dng trong WWW ngy nay. - Tiu chun m ho ni dung: mt tp m ho ni dung nh ngha tt, cho php mt tc t ngi dng WAE (v d: mt trnh duyt) d dng thng qua ni dung web. Tiu chun m ho ni dung bao gm m ho nn cho WML, m ho byte code cho WMLScript, cc khun dng hnh nh tiu chun, mt khun dng trnh cha nhiu phn v chun thng mi, v cc khun dng d liu lch. - Cc ng dng in thoi khng dy Wireless Telephony Applications WTA: Mt tp cc ch tiu ca h thng in thoi m rng cho cuc gi v cc c ch iu khin c trng m cung cp cho cc tc gi (v cc ngi dng cui) cc Dch v Mng Di ng tin tin. in hnh, mt tc t ngi dng trn u cui khi to mt yu cu ni dung. Tuy nhin khng phi tt c ni dung phn phi n u cui u l do cc yu cu pha u cui. V d, WTA cha cc c ch cho php cc server gc phn phi ni dung pht sinh ti u cui m khng c mt yu cu ca u cui nh minh ho trong hnh 3.1.

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Hnh 3.1: M hnh ca WAE Trong mt vi trng hp, ci m server gc phn phi ti thit b ph thuc vo cc c trng ca thit b. Cc c trng tc t ngi dng c truyn ti server qua cc c ch m phn nng lc chun cho php cc ng dng trn server gc xc nh cc c trng ca thit b u cui di ng. WAE nh ngha mt tp cc nng lc tc t ngi dng m s c thay i s dng cc c ch WSP. Cc nng lc gm c cc c trng thit b tng quan nh phin bn WML h tr, phin bn WMLScript, du chm ng, cc khun dng hnh nh v mt s th khc. 2.3.5.4. Bo mt v iu khin truy nhp Vi mc ch thc hin cc truyn thng an ton quan mng khng dy WAE a ra WTLS. Thm vo , c hai WML v WMLScript u cha cc nn mng xy dng iu khin truy nhp truyn thng ti client URL da vo vic hn ch truy nhp. WAE cng h tr c ch nhn thc c bn HTTP/1.1. 2.4. 2.4.1. Hot ng ca WAP trong di ng Cc phn t trong mng wap

Mt loi mng WAP c ch ra trong hnh 3.2.

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Hnh 3.2: V d mng WAP Cc WAP client truy cp ng dng ca server hoc thng qua rt nhiu cc proxy khc nhau hoc l trc tip. WAP client h tr k thut proxy selection cho php client s dng proxy thch hp nht cho dch v a ti hoc kt ni trc tip vi dch v nu cn thit. Cc proxy c th c s dng tng mt request. Chng thng dch gia WAP v giao thc ca WWW (HTTP, TCP), bng cch y cho php WAP client a ra cc request i vi origin server. Cc proxy c th c t nhiu v tr,n bao gm sng mang v tuyn hoc cc dnh v cung cp c lp cung cp nhng ci tin cho mng khng dy hoc ti u ha vic truyn thng gia device v ng dng server (giao thc v b m). Cc proxy c th c nh v trong mt mng an ton cung cp mt knh an ton gia thit b khng dy v mng an ton. Trong mt vi v d khc, device c th kt ni trc tip vi ng dng server, khi n cung cp mt kt ni an ton ngi ta kt ni trc tip device vi ng dng server. Cc supporting server cung cp cc chc nng h tr c yu cu hoc hu ch cho cc device, cc proxy, v cc ng dng server. Cc chc nng ny bao

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng goomg Provisioning, PKI, user agent profiles, 2.4.2. K thut proxy trong wap

Lp: HT1

Hnh 3.3: Tnh nng/Hiu sut-tng cng Proxy WAP dng k thut proxy ti u ho v tng cng kt ni gia min khng dy v WWW. WAP proxy c th cung cp rt nhiu chc nng, bao gm: - Protocol Gateway protocol gateway thng dch cc request t mt wireless protocol stack (WSP, WTP, WTLS, WDP) n WWW protocols (HTTP v TCP/IP). Gateway cng thc hin nhng tra cu DNS ca cc server c nh tn bi URL request ca client. - M ha v gii m Content Content m ha c dch WAP content sang dng format thch hp, cho php gim kch thc ca n. - User Agent Profile Management - m t kh nng ca client v nhng u tin c nhn. - Caching Proxy - mt caching proxy c th ci thin c tnh nng v vic s dng mng bng cch duy tr mt b nh m cha cc resource thng xuyn c truy cp nht. Kin trc ny m bo cho ngi s dng cui c th truy cp c cc ng dng ca Internet, v vi ng dng author c th xy dng cc dch v v cc ng dng chy c trn. WAP proxy cho php content v cc ng dng c hin th trn WWW server chun v c pht trin bng cch s dng

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Khoa CNKT in t vin thng cc k thut quen thuc ca WWW nh CGI script.

Lp: HT1

Cu hnh bnh thng WAP bao gm mt web server, WAP proxy v WAP client, nhng kin trc WAP cng h tr cc cu hnh khc. 2.4.3. Cc supporting sever

Hnh 3.4: Dch v h tr Kin trc WAP cng bao gm cc supporting server, n cung cp cc dch v cho cc device, proxy, v cc ng dng cn thit. Cc dch v ny thng l cc chc nng nhng thng c s dng nh cc ng dng. Supporting server c nh ngha bi WAP Forum bao gm: - PKI Portal - PKI Portal (hnh 3.4) cho php to mt kha chung mi. - UAProf Server - cho php cc ng dng truy lc cc kh nng client v hin trng c nhn ca user agent v cc user ring l. - Provisioning Server - c y nhim bi WAP device cung cp thng tin b sung ca n. 2.4.4. Kin trc Device

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Hnh 3.5: Kin trc ca WAP device Kin trc ca WAP device c ch ra trong hnh. Application Framework cung cp mi trng thc thi cho cc ng dng WAP application. Cc ng dng WAP bao gm: markup, script, style sheets v content a phng tin, tt c c th hin trn device. WAP Application Environment (WAE) m hnh x l nh ngha kin trc trong cc lp thc thi v khng thc thi khc nhau c nh hng ni dung ln nhau. Giao thc mng trn WAP client c chia s gia client v server. Content renderers phin dch cc nh dng c bit ca content v th hin chng n user tra cu hoc tng tc. Cc chng nng thng dng (common function) c nh ngha s dng bi application framework, bao gm persistence and data synchronization. Wireless Identity Module (WIM), cha nh dng ca divice cch thc m ha xc thc s qua li ca WAP device vi server. Kin trc ny cng cung cp mt k thut truy cp cc chc nng m rng c nhng hoc nh km device qua External Functionality Interface (EFI). 2.4.5. M hnh an ton WAP c mc an ton mm do bng cch tp trung vo vic cung cp mt kt ni an ton gia WAP client v server. WAP c th cung cp s bo mt t im ti im gia cc giao thc im cui. Nu mt trnh duyt v origin server mun c bo mt t im ti

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im, chng c th giao tip trc tip bng cch s dng cc giao thc an ton. Hn na, WAP ch r v h tr cc mc bo mt nh nh du vn bn. 2.5. Mt s hn ch 2.5.1. Tr WAP da trn giao thc TCP/IP v khng t xy dng h thng bo mt ring cng nh kh nng t y d liu, iu ny s nh hng ti nhng ng dng cn c chy ngay khi ngi dng ang truyn d liu trn mt ng dng khc. Nu trin khai ng dng kiu ny s tng phc tp ca h thng ln rt ln v nh hng trc tip ti phn cng v bng thng yu cu. 2.5.2. Bo mt WAP l h thng giao thc in hnh khng cha bo mt ring, iu c ngha l d liu khng c m ho khi truyn. Cc phn mm bo mt c th c h tr cho WAP nhng b gii hn v n nh, gi thnh v thi gian thc hin. Gateway: Gii php WAP yu cu c gateway v tuyn, v vy n s lm tng gi thnh ca h thng. 2.5.3. Kt ni lin tc Cc ng dng WAP c xy dng da trn kin trc yu cu/p ng v vy n s kt ni lin tc khng ging nh trn cc trnh duyt trn cc my PC. Mt s ngi s dng thng di chuyn vt qua vng ph sng v gy ra cc li kt ni. Vn ny c th gii quyt bng phng php lu v chuyn tip, gii php thm vo ny cng lm tng gi thnh v phc tp ca h thng. Trn thc t, vic thm vo kh thng yu cu phn cng km theo v tng thm bng thng s dng. 2.5.4. Trin khai dch v WAP c to ra duyt ni dung cc trang web, cc nh cung cp ni dung c yu cu qun l v duy tr cc bn sao cho mi website. Cc bn sao nh vy thc s l khng hiu qu v n lm tng gi thnh khi m rng v bo dng h thng. 2.5.5. Tng tc thp

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WAP rt kh tch hp vi cc ng dng c sn trn cc thit b, y l gii hn thng thy ca cc gii php trn cc u cui c nng lc x l v giao din mn hnh nh. 2.5.6. Kh nng y v ko Cc gii php WAP yu cu ngi s dng gi cc thng tin trc khi h nhn chng, Nh vy, email, cnh bo khng th nhn ngay tc khc. Thut ng ko lin quan ti kh nng ca thit b cnh bo ngi s dng khi c d liu ca h n. chc nng y l chc nng c sn ca WAP nhng n yu cu thm mt lp kin trc v nh vy s lm tng nguy c xy ra li v tr.

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CHNG III. SWAP V CNG C TM KIM TRN THIT B DI NG

3.1. SWAP l g? Nh ni trn WAP l mt tiu chun trong vic nhn v gi d liu Internet khng dy i vi cc thit b u cui di ng. WAP c pht trin nhm khc phc nhng gii hn ca cc thit b u cui di ng nh gii hn v bng thng, b nh, mn hnh, bn phm nhp d liu trong vic khai thc nhng tin ch m Internet mang li. SWAP l mt thng hiu cho cc dch v gi tr gia tng (Value Added Services) ca SFone, pht trin trn nn tng WAP nh: Dch v thng tin (cho php thu bao truy cp cc thng tin v t gi hi oi, gii tr, tin tc), dch v Email, dch v tranh nh, nhc chung, din nPhn ln cc dch v ny u c th hin trn SWAP menu v trang ch ca SWAP. Vic tip cn cc dch v ny gi y hon ton n gin, vi my TD CDMA c h tr WAP, khch hng c th ti xung nhiu hnh nh sng ng, nhc chung vi m thanh a tng, v nhiu nhng tin ch na. 3.2. Li ch khi s dng SWAP 3.2.1. Tc - Hin i Hp dn SWAP lm ln mt cuc cch mng v tc kt ni, truy cp v truyn d liu (144 kbps). Ch trong tch tc ngn ngi, bn c th kt ni vo danh mc cc dch v v nhanh chng ti xung cc tp tin (file) t nhng hnh nh nhiu mu sc sng ng n nhng bn nhc chung m thanh a tng, nhng game hay cho chic in thoi ca bn. 3.2.2. Nng ng Tin li Hiu qu Bn c th truy cp cc thng tin trn mng Internet ( c h tr WAP ), nhn v gi e-mail cng nh s dng cc dch v thng tin a dng vo bt c lc no bn mun.

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Bn c th d dng gi i cc hnh nh, bi ht m bn yu thch cho nhng ngi bn, ngi thn ca bn vo nhng dp l hi hay mt ngy k nim no . Bn cng c th tham gia vo cc din n trn mng. Ti y, bn c th trao i kin, to ra cc ch nh: x hi, kinh doanh, li sng, cng ngh 3.2.3. Tit kim thi gian v d s dng Ch cn mt chic in thoi di ng ( c h tr WAP ), chn chc nng SWAP t danh mc trong my th l bn c th truy cp vo mt danh mc mi vi rt nhiu dch v tin ch nh: Dch v hnh nh, dch v karaoke, dch v game, dch v nhc chungDch v thng tin s cung cp cho cc bn nhng ni dung ngn gn v th thao, x hi, kinh t, thi tit c th hin th trn mn hnh in thoi ca bn. Bn khng cn my tnh, modem hay ng line in thoitt c by gi bn ch cn mt chic in thoi di ng CDMA c h tr WAP. 3.3. SWAP gm nhng dch v GTGT no? Cng ngh thng tin di ng CDMA 2000 cho php chng ta pht trin nhiu dch v GTGT trn nn tng ca WAP. Ln u tin Vit Nam, thu bao di ng c th ti xung cc tp tin a phng tin, cc hnh nh sng ng nhiu mu sc, nhc chung vi m thanh a tngPhng thc truyn ti cc dng d liu cng rt hin i v tin ch: ti xung trc tip t my TD c h tr WAP. - Dch v thng tin. - Dch v tranh nh. - Dch v nhc chung. - Dch v Email. - Dch v lin kt. - Dch v din n. 3.3.1. Dch v thng tin gm nhiu mc Tin tc, hng dn, kt qu x s, vui ci, kt qu bng , thng tin cng ng, th trng trong ngy, khuyn mi.

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- Tin tc: cung cp cho khch hng cc loi thng tin v thi s, th thao, thi tit, chng khon, vng-t gi, lch bay. - Hng dn bao gm cc thng tin v im du lch, vn phng i din hng khng, mua sm, khch sn, bnh vin - Thng tin cng ng cung cp cc thng tin tuyn sinh vo cc trng, thng tin v im chun ca cc trng, cc nt giao thng hay kt xe - Th trng trong ngy cung cp gi c ca in thoi di ng, vi tnh, la go, rau c qu, - Khuyn mi cung cp thng tin v chng trnh khuyn mi ln ang c ti cc siu th, h thng phn phi sn phm, khuyn mi ca cc tour du lch - Chuyn mc gii tr khch hng c th tham kho cc thng tin v m nhc ngh thut, lch truyn hnh (VTV3, VTV1, VTC) lch chiu phim (gi v, gi chiu)ca cc rp Cc thng tin c cp nht thng xuyn nhm phc v nhu cu cng vic hoc gii tr ca khch hng. 3.3.2. Dch v tranh nh Cung cp cho khch hng nhng tranh nh nhiu mu sc, sng ng, ni dung phong ph. 3.3.3. Dch v nhc chung Cung cp cho khch hng nhc chung m thanh a tng, cht lng cao. Ti hnh nh trc tip t my TD qua phng thc WAP rt tin li v tit kim thi gian. 3.3.4. Dch v lin kt Thu bao c th kt ni vo cc Website c h tr WAP cp nht thng tin hng ngy. Thu bao c th chn cc ng dn c sn hoc tm kim a ch URL mi (c h tr WAP) vi trang web Google. Ngoi ra thu bao cn c th kim tra email, gi emailbng cch truy cp vo cc a ch webmail c h tr WAP ( v d: Yahoo,Gmail) 3.3.5. Dch v din n

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Thu bao c th son bi vit theo cc ch sn c hoc t to trn din n. 3.3.6. Dch v email Thu bao cng c th s dng cc dch v email c sn ca SFone, to ra account s dng tn min do S Fone cung cp v s dng nhiu tin ch nh inbox, outbox, sent, trash, Address book,Ngoi ra khch hng c th i mt khu, thay i thng tin c nhn khi cn thit. 3.4. Cch s dng cc dch v SWAP hiu qu. Vi chic in thoi di ng c h tr WAP, khch hng s nhn nt SWAP kt ni vi SWAP menu. T danh mc cc dch v SWAP, khch hng s la chn v bt u kt ni vo dch v m mnh yu thch. Thu bao ch c th gi v nhn hnh nh, nhc chung gia cc my CDMA c h tr WAP vi nhau. Cc tranh nh, nhc chung ti xung s c lu tr t ng trong th mc lu tr menu hnh nh. Thu bao cn ng k s dng cc dch v (Vic ng k c tin hnh trc tip trn my TD mc ng k) theo hng dn trn mn hnh TD. Thu bao c th la chn ngn ng trong phn SWAP menu. 3.5. Cng c tm kim h tr thit b di ng Hin nay a s cc my in thoi di ng u c h tr WAP c th phc v nhu cu li ch ca con ngi v mt trong nhng ng dng m nhiu ngi s dng nht khi c mt chic TD h tr WAP l tm kim thng tin. Sau y chng ta s tm hiu v cng c tm kim h tr thit b di ng. 3.5.1. Google Mobie Search Khi ni v tm kim trn in thoi hay di ng chng ta khng th b qua Google mt trang web tm kim quen thuc cho mi ngi trn ton th gii vi kh nng truy cp thng tin trc tuyn trn 8 t trang web v 1 t hnh nh.

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Hnh 3.6: Dch v tm kim ca Google trn in thoi * Cc ngn ng nh du h tr: - XHTML (WAP 2.0). - WML (WAP 1.2). - iMode (l mt dch v internet di ng ca NTTDoCoMo nhm to ra cc trang web s dng mt dng ngn ng thuc h HTML (cHTML) hin th trn cc trnh duyt web di ng). - PDA Devices. Google h tr giao din trn mt s ngn ng bao gm : Trung Quc, an Mch, Anh, H Lan, c, , Nht, Hn Quc, Na Uy, B o Nha, Rumani Vi vic x dng ngn ng XHTML cng vi WAP CSS, Google Mobile Search to ln mt bc tin mi trong vic h tr chc nng tm kim hnh nh v cc trang web phc tp, so vi cc cng c trc y. Tm kim trang web: khi chn mt lin kt tr v, Google s nh dng li trang ni dung ny cho ph hp vi kch thc mn hnh in thoi ngi s dng.

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Hnh 3.7: Chc nng tm kim trang web ca Google Mobile Search Tm him hnh nh: dng cho cc thit b h tr XHTML v iMode. Sau khi nhn c kt qu tr v, Google cng s nh dng li cho ph hp vi kch thc mn hnh in thoi.

Hnh 3.9: Chc nng tm kim hnh nh ca Google Mobile Search 3.5.2. Mt s ng dng tm kim hin nay

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Hnh 4.0: ng dng tm kim trn in thoi di ng h tr WAP 3.6. Phn tch v xc nh yu cu Mc tiu ca ti l ng dng my tm kim, xy dng mt h thng h tr ngi dng thit b di ng tm kim cc thng tin trn Internet v gip chuyn i ni dung trang web c th hin th trn b trnh duyt WAP ca thit b di ng. Sau y l danh sch yu cu chc nng h thng ca h thng : STT Chc nng Din gii 1 Xy dng h thng c s d liu phc Module c thc thi thng trc v cho vic tm kim trn server ti cc trang web v, lp ch mc v a vo c s d liu phc v cho vic tm kim. y l module ca mt my tm kim 2 seach engine hon chnh. Xc nh kh nng x l ca in H thng s kim tra kh nng x l thoi 3 Tip nhn chui query tm kim v hin th ca in thoi chuyn n trang dch v thch hp. Nhn chui tm kim t ngi truy

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Lp: HT1 cp thng qua giao din wap Tin hnh phn tch chui query ca ngi dng v truy vn c s d liu tm tp kt qu ph hp vi chui query ca ngi dng. Tr kt qu tm kim v cho ngi dng thng qua giao din wap. Kt qu tm kim c lin kt n chc nng chuyn i. Nu ngi dng click vo lin kt, chc nng chuyn i s dowload trang web tng ng v tin hnh chuyn i c th hin th trn in thoi di ng. Sau tr kt qu v cho

Tm kim

5 6

Hin th kt qu Chuyn i trang web

ngi dng. Chc nng qun tr h thng tm kim Cung cp giao din cho ngi qun tr c th qun l h thng my tm kim tin hnh cc thao tc qun l: thm t mi vo t in, chnh sa t in, thm URL download v lp ch mc 3.6.1. M hnh hot ng chung

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Hnh 4.2: M hnh hot ng chi tit 3.7. ng dng thc tin v ci t h thng H thng c pht trin vi cc cng c/mi trng: - Cng c phn tch thit k: Rational Rose 2003. - H iu hnh: Windows XP. - Mi trng lp trnh: Borland JbuiderX. - Mi trng th nghim: B gi lp ca Nokia bao gm WAP gateway v b trnh duyt WAP. - C s d liu: Oracle 9i. 3.7.1. H thng c s d liu v ch mc Sau khi to service phc v cho vic lp ch mc trn Oracle ta cn phi ng k service vi ODBC. * Cc bng trong c s d liu ch mc: - STARTPAGE (DOCID, ULR, NGAYCAPNHAT): Bng cha a ch cc trang web khi u s c download v lp ch mc.

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- DADOWNLOAD (DOCID, URL, NGAYCAPNHAT): Bng cha thng tin cc trang c download v nhng cha c lp ch mc. Cc trang c lp ch mc s c xa khi bng ny. - DALAPCHIMUC (DOCID, URL, TIEUDE, TRICHDAN, NGAYCAPNHAT): Bng cha thng tin cc trang c lp ch mc - THAMSO (TEN,GIATRI): Bng cha cc tham s: CurrentDocId, DownloadDocId. Cc thao tc to bng v cc ch proceduce c thc thi t ng thng qua fire script SCRIPT.SQL c t trong th mc Working. 3.7.2. Module chuyn i trang HTML sang trang WAP Cc lp ci t chnh Html2Wml: Servlet chuyn i trang HTML sang trang WML (chun WAP 1.x). Html2Xhtml: Servlet chun ha trang HTML sang trang XHTML (chun WAP 2.0). Phn chuyn i WAP 1.x Servlet Html2Wml u vo: Nhn 1 URL u ra: trang wml theo chun WAP 1.x Cc bc tin hnh:

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Hnh 4.3: Cc bc chuyn i WAP 1.x - Nhn URL. - Ti trang web c URL va nhn v mt th mc trn my ch. - Lc b hnh nh v cc i tng multimedia khc. - Trch ly phn text. - Chnh sa cc lim kt trn trang (nu c): Chuyn hng lin kt i qua servlet chuyn i. - Xut ra output trang wml. Chuyn i WAP 2.0 Servlet Html2Xhml u vo: Nhn mt a ch URL ca mt trang web u ra: trang XHTML theo chun WAP 2.0 Cc bc tin hnh:

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Hnh 4.4: Cc bc tin hnh chuyn i WAP 2.0 - Nhn URL. - Ti trang web c URL va nhn v th mc trn my ch. - Chun ha cc th. - Chnh sa cc lin kt trn trang (nu c): Chuyn hng lin kt i qua servlet chuyn i. - Xut ra output trang wml. 3.8. Giao din tm kim trn in thoi khi ci t xong ng dng Giao din cho trnh duyt h tr WAP 2.0 Trang ch

Kt qu tm kim

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Trang ty chn kt qu hin th

Giao din cho trnh duyt h tr WAP 1.x Trang ch

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Trang kt qu

3.9. Kt qu th nghim ng dng H thng c th c truy cp t cc thit b di ng tht c tch hp sn trnh duyt WAP. Thao tc tm kim tin li, nhanh chng, kt qu tng i chnh xc.

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