June 2012 6BIO8 Prepared by: Nadrah Abdul Rahim Munirah Mansor Izzati Nadhirah Nurul Azuwa Mat

Riah Question 1 a) 1. The independent variable would be new selective weedkiller and the dependant variable is the percentage cover of weeds. 2. Choose a 100m x 100m field of cereal crops. 3. Carry out random sampling technique by placing the ten grided quadrats (1m x 1m) randomly in the chosen area. 4. Count the number of small squares out of 25 in a quadrat containing the cereal plants and broad leaved. 5. The new selective weedkiller of the same volume of 1 litre and with the same concentration is sprayed to each quadrat once a week for a month. 6. After a month, count the number of small squares out of 25 in a quadrat containing cereal crops and broad leaved weeds. 7. Calculate the change of the percentage cover of weeds and cereal crops before and after the treatment with new selective weedkiller. 8. Find another area of 100m x 100m field of same type of cereal crops and no weedkiller is sprayed. 9. Repeat another two trials of the same experiment. 10. The rationale of using the random sampling technique is to avoid bias and it is easier technique since the plant communities are stationary. b) 1. Soil (type/pH/organic content/minerals) 2. Water content of soil (humidity) 3. Temperature 4. Wind speed 5. Light intensity b) ii) example 1 : Variable: pH of the soil How : Measure the pH of the soil using pH meter to ensure that the pH in each quardrat is the same Effect : Different pH of the soil will provide an additional effect on the weeds and the cereal crops other than present of weedkiller.

Example 2: Variable: Water content. How: