Copper (vimp like lead)

Why Copper is widely used ? Properties:- 1) Excellent Electrical Conductor 2) Erosion Resistant 3) Malleable Uses:- 1) Electrical wiring 2) Production of Alloys:- Brass = Cu + Zn, Bronze = Cu + Sn (Tin) Monel = Cu = Ni, Copper + Beryllium 3) Used in Rayon Production, 4) Pigments production, 5) Fungicide, Algaecide Production Copper influences specific gene expression & serves as a Co-Factor for several oxidative enzymes like Cytochrome C Oxidase & ALAD. Agene on X chromosome control absorption . Another is Xq 13,3 associated with accumulation of Copper in the body. Metabolism:- It is absorbed from the intestine by peptides & amino acids & transported to liver or bound with Metallo-Thionein like proteins within the mucosal cells. Excess Copper is excreted in the bile, where it is firmly bound to amino acid, which prevents its reabsorption. It can inhibit SH(Sulph Hydril ) group of enzymes like G6PD & Glutathione Reductase, which are important in protecting cells from free Oxygene Radicles. Toxicity:1) Metal Fume Fever 2) Dermatitis when in contact with copper dust 3) Very High Exposure may cause a) Greenish discolouration of tongue b) Greenish discolouration of Hair & c) Superficial greenish staining of teeth. 4) Copper ingested accidently or deliberately may cause a) nausea b) Vomiting c) Haemorrhagic gastritis & Diarrhoea After some hours of gap d) Haemolytic Anaemia. E) Haemolytic Anaemia 5) Grannulomatous lung disorder followed by interstitial fibrosis, seen mainly in copper sprayers due to inhalation of the copper dust or mist. 6) Granuloma of Liver 7) Wilsons Disease Treatment:- Penicillamine given in the same way as it is given in Wilsons Disease.