You are on page 1of 8

.

:
. . . . . . . .
). (.

: ) ( .
:
.

.

-1 .
-2 .
-3 ) ( .
) (.
-4 .
) (.
-5
.
) :
(.


. :


. 8 .
3 :
-1 ) (.
-2 ) (.
-3 ) (.
:
.
.
.

.


. 8 .
3 :
1 ) (- 2 ) (
3 ) (:
.
.
.

.

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .


-1 : Business to Business



.

-2 : Business to customer
:
) ( ) ( .


.
-3 )Business to
.( Administration


) (.

-1 .
-2 ) ( web
.
-3 .
-4 .
( Cisco) -5 . 1998 ) (%72 ) ( web
) ( Cisco ) (500000 ) (500
. ) Cisco (

.
-6 ) (
.
-7
.
) (24
.
-8

.
-9
.
-10 .
-11 . :
.
.

-1 :

.
-2

.

-3
.
-4 .
.

-1
.
-2 .
-3 ) (.
-4 .
-5 .
-6
.
-7 ) (
.

: - :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
- :
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .


. ) ( %50 . 640000 320000
.
.
:
- 1..
2.
3 .

- 1 . E.Cash
- 2 . Software Wallets
- 3 . Smart Cards
4 .Credit & Cards


-1 . Cash
-2 . E.Cash
-3 . Software Wallets
-4 . Smart Cards
-5 .
Cash
. . . . . . .. . : . Electronic Cash

. .
.. Online.
:
: 10 )
(
: ) (.
:

:
.
. ) ( .
. Tokens . . . Digi Cash, Cyber Cash

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .

-1 )
(.
-2
.
-3 )
(.
-4 .

.
.
.
. . .
:
. .
) .(..
(Electronic Wallets (ew

) ( cc ) ( ec ) ( EW
.

. .
:
-1 : Server-Side
Remote Server
.
.
-2 : Client-Side
Client-Side Wallet

.
.
Digital Wallets

: . . . Smart Card

SC 100

.

:
Contact .
Contactless .
:
Mondex, American Express Blue
) ( Credit & Charge Cards
.
Online

.
. Credit card associations Nonprofit associations (Visa,
-MasterCard) that set standards for issuing banks
: ClearinghousesProcessing centers (clearinghouses) Handle verification of
-accounts and balances

. . . . . .
.

- ) .( Hardware , Software

. . . .
. .
.
. .
.



.

You might also like