Method Vibrocompaction Fine > 20% no good as permeability is low.

Vibroflot

Process 1. Penetration water jetting 2. Reach desired penetration depth 3. Charging & compaction of backfilling materials 4. Completion of penetration and diameter cannot be clearly seen.

Vibrorod

1. 2. 3. 4.

Setting & Location Desired depth of penetration Extraction, supply materials & repenetration, Complete

Triangular pattern = 0.866 = = = 0.866 2 Square Pattern = = = 2 =

Soil Type Square Pattern = = = = 2

as = Area replacement ratio As = Amount of charging material per unit length of sand pile S = Spacing of pile As = Cross sectional area of sand pile eo = initial void ratio of surrounding soil e1 = final void ratio after densification

Sand Compaction Pile Diameter clearly seen -

1. 2. 3. 4.

Setting & Location Desired depth of penetration Extraction, supply materials through casing & re-penetration Complete

Square pattern 2 = 4 = = 2 = 1.5m < S < 3m

Triangular pattern = 0.866 = = = 0.866 2

Square pattern = 1 + = 2 = (1 + ) = ( )

Settlement Buisman De Beers Method = 1 + 1.5 = 2.3 =

Triangular pattern 2 = 4 = 0.866 = = 0.866 2 1.5m < S < 3m 5.

Triangular pattern = 1 + = = 0.866 2 (1 + ) = 1.075 ( )