/ 2/ 4

:
, - .
,
, , .
, ,
.

:
Fnom = f1(P;v), Tnom = f2(P;)
,
.
/ ,
.

Fnom

Fmer = K Fnom

, , ,
.
,
K:
Fmer = FnomK
: = KA KV K K,
KA
KV
K
K
T2
Fnom: Ft1 = T1
Ft 2 =
d w1 2
d w2 2
P
Tnom: T1 = 1
T2 = T1 i12 1 2
1
, ( 0,98) ,

:

Ft1 Ft 2
, .
: d w1 d 1 d w 2 d 2 .

 / 2/ 4

. ,
.

, .
, .

.
,
,
.
.
min = 1
(
), .
.
.
max 2
, 20%.

,
, ,
. ,
, 2 . ,
:
u (t ) =

1
2 (t )

1
2

,
.
KV.
, , ,
,
2

 / 2/ 4

, .
:
Kv min = 1

2
pb

pb

t

pb1 pb2

t

pb1 = pb2

.

. ,
.
(IT).
(IT3 IT5), ,
.

.
.
.
IT10
IT8
.
.
.
IT3

IT
K V

(IT9, IT10 ), ,
, . :
Kv > 2
.
/
, .

.

 / 2/ 4

, ,
, : , ,
.
( , ),),),)).

.
F
)

K =1

2< K <

qmax

bk
b

K = 2

1< K < 2

F>F

F>F
( ) (, , )

,
: , .
:
min = 1

. ,
.
:


.

bk :

F=

1
q max bk
2

(I)

(
(
(qsr). , :
F = qsr b

(II)

I II :
4

 / 2/ 4

K =

q max
b
=2
qsr
bk

(III)

III (),
:
2 < <
(F > F),
. (),
.
III :
= 2
(F > F),
, (, ()). III
:
1 < < 2
, 1,
:
1

.
.
K.

. ,
KH, KF. :
1,39
K H = K F
.

b/d1
K

A
B

L/2

d1

C
L

x
b

KC > KB > KA

b
K b <

K b

K = f (IT, F, c, b/d1, x)

 / 2/ 4

F "n"
i- Fi,
Fi/F i-
. ,
:
def

K i =

Fi
1,0
F

:
n

F = Fi - ,
i =1

Fi - - ,
n - ,
:
, .
pb = (pb1 - pb2),
c
F/b.
:
:
.
(K =1): ,
.
:
, .

,
:
q1 = q2 = q3 =...= qn = q

. ,
, .

:
= 0: Kmin = 1/n
> 0: Kmin = f(, )
=0
>0
1 < <2
2 < < 3
1 < <2
K
K

K
1/2

1/2

0,5

1/3

- 1
1

x/pb

x/pb

x / pb

 / 2/ 4

: ,
, .
(K =1,0).
p

Ka
1,0
A

pb > 0

x / pb

, .
.
K E = K A =

1
c pb
1 + BD

cBD
F /b
1+
c AE
Kx
1,0
0,5
B

x / pb

K
1 < a < 2

1,0

pb= 0,025 mm
pb= 0,010 mm
pb= 0,001 mm

0,5

pb=0

500

1000

KA=

1500

1
c
1 + BD
c AE

2000

F/b