Cc mch ngun chuyn i DC-DC s dng MC34063

29-11-2011 | fee_08 | 0 phn hi

MC34063 l IC iu khin PWM a nng vi dng ra trc tip ln ti 1,5A. T cu trc ca MC34063, ngi ta c th thit k thnh tt c cc dng ngun DC-DC khng cch ly thng dng nh: ngun buck (gim p), ngun bost (tng p), ngun inverter (i du in p) Mch dng ny rt ph bin trong cc thit b in t v cho php to in p ra bt k t in p vo bt k, c bo v qu dng, cu trc nh, hiu sut cao. Trong trang ny c tnh ton linh kin cho mt mch c th: http://www.nomad.ee/micros/mc34063a Cu to chip:

S lp mch :

im th v l 34063 cung cp cho chng ta nhng g cn thit ca 1 b ngun xung: 1 b to dao ng PWM, 1 b khuch i so snh in p 1 kha chuyn cng sut 1 mch bo v qu dng in. Kt hp nhng th vi mch cng sut, ta c th to ra bt k dng no trong s cc dng ngun trn (buck, boost, inverted). Mch cng sut ca ngun buck gm kha chuyn Q1 (nm trong IC), diode D chn 2 ca IC, cun cm L, t C0. Mch ny hot ng nh nguyn l chung ca ngun buck. Vn tip theo l rng xung PWM phi c iu chnh ph hp vi in p vo v in p ra: Khi in p ra qu ln, cn phi ct cng sut ra, khi in p ra qu nh: cn cung cp thm nng lng. Vic ny c thc hin bng mch vng phn hi in p chn 5: in p u ra c a qua mch chia p, so snh vi in p chun (1,25V). Nu in p chn 5> 1,25V, kha K s b cm, ngc li, kha K s dn. rng xung PWM ph thuc vo dng in chy qua cun cm. Dng in ny c kim sot bi in tr Rsc v mch phn hi dng m bo mch cng sut lun lm vic ti a song vn an ton. Khi

kha dn, dng qua in cm tng dn (tuyn tnh). Khi dng in t max, kha Q1 s c xung cm kha Q1 cho n ht chu k ca xung. Cch lm vic ny c gi l mch PWM iu chnh bng dng in, thng c dng trong cc b ngun buck, boost. Tn s xung PWM c xc nh bi t CT. Ct cng nh, tn s cng cao. Tuy nhin, tn s phi chn khng qu ln tn hao trn kha cng sut Q1 khng qu ln v diode D lm vic c, Tn s ny cng ph thuc vo cht lng li ferit ca cun cm L. Trong thc t, vi cc mch cng sut thp v kha chuyn mch tch hp, tn s ng ct c th t c t 20 n 50KHz. Mch thc t :

T kha: Inverter

y l dng mch ngun n nh in p u ra vi cng sut ln. S dng IC n p h 78XX v transitor cng sut.. i vi nhng mch ch s dng 78 th cng sut rt b do vy nng cng sut ln ngi ta kt hp vi cc transitor hay cc linh kin khc nng cng sut ca b ngun! Nhim v ca 7812 trong mch dng n nh gi tr in p u ra l 12V c nh. Vi dng u ra ca 7812 l 1A Nhim v ca transitor Tip2955 l mt transitor cng sut vi dng Iec ln dng cp dng u ra cho ti. Xem datasheet bit dng Ice l bao nhiu? Nguyn l ca mch : Nhn trn mch chng ta thy c in p u ra lun mc 12V do IC 7812 n p mc in p n nh. Cc transitor TIP2955 lun c m v cp dng ra ti tc l tng thm dng ra ti do 7812 c dng u ra thp. in p nh sau b chnh lu khong Ud = 12*sqrt(2) -1.5V tc l khong Ud = 15V Do cc in tr cng sut R4, R3, R2 nn in p t trn cc in tr l Ur = 15V - (12V-0.6V) = 2.4V ( 0.6 l in p st trn transitor v in p ti chn E ca transitor l 12V do 7812 to ra) in p t trn cc con tr R4,R3, R2 khi mch hot ng khong 2.4V nh vy ta phi tnh cng sut hp l dng qua tr nm trong khong cho php nh hnh trn ( Ir = 2.4/R) tc l mt phn cng sut s tiu tn trn in tr. Nn vy 7812 lun n nh in p u ra l 12Vv cc TIP2955 mc song song nn kch dng cho u ra t c 15A. Dng u ra bao gm cc dng u ra ca 7812 v dng ra ca 3 con TIP2955 Cu ch 15A bo v qu ti v 1A bo v cho 7812 M rng ca mch : + Nh i vi mch ny th mun tng cng sut u ra ch cn thay i con TIP2955 ln hn c dng Ice ln. + Mun n nh in p u ra no ch cn tnh ton gi tr in tr cng sut R2,R3,R4 l c. Ch : i vi mch ny cn ch n ngun cung cp u vo. Bin p h p phi c dng u ra ln hn 15A v in p 12VAC. Chng ta nn chn 20A v cu diode phi l 20A. Cn tn nhit cho TIP2955 v 7812. Khi chy cng sut th cc linh kin ny rt nng.