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Tata McGraw-Hill Company Limited, Published by the Tata McGraw-Hill Publis 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008. Copyright © 2008 by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. No part of this publicatio~ may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listing (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not bbe reproduced for publication. Fourth reprint 2008 DZXACRYNRADYD This edition ean be exported from India unly by the publishers, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 13: 978-0-07-064810-4 ISBN 10: 0.07-064810.7 Managing Director: Afay Shuklar General Manager: Publishing—SEM & Tech Ed: Vibha Mahajan Jt. Editorial Executive: Sandiya Chandrasekhar Asst. Sponsoring Editor: Shudti Mukherjee Executive —-Editorial Services: Sohini Mukherjee ‘Senior Production Manager: P L Pandita General Manager: Marketing —Higher Education & School: Michael J Cn: Product Manager: SEM & Tech Ed: Biju Ganesan Controller—Production: Rajender P Ghansela ‘Asst, General Manager—Production: & L Dogra Information contained in this work has becn obtained by Tata McGraw-Hill, from sources believed 1o be reliable. However, neither Tats McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of aity information Published herein, and neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information, This work is published with the understanding that Tata McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Published by the Tata MeGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008, typeset at Bukprint India, B-180A, Guru Nanak Pura, Laxmi Nagar-110 092 and printed at Sai Printo-Pack, A-102/4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase Il, New Delhi 110 020 Cover: Rashtriya = ce Tp ha lp ng tr ert arp rs pes be ses Shahi ntactocmrwsee eomosoocmets aparece Sd Doe cece open pe by te SS eee Ses ge crt pe ere Scape ‘SA eteecheamspotanng nets padmapag boa tek ap cy St la = e141 ory 4 eH en pre ant ‘secesim em ie SS Pm ed ‘nome Seep on re hep memes ah Link performance tests illustrate how to assess the performance of a link. Ieper Nema ae mmept Aan) me ap a py =a (Fea) Bye Diagram Teste Reet penn Saas

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