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Gas Chromatography
Gas Chromatography
Partition of molecules between gas (mobile phase) and liquid (stationary phase).
Gas Chromatography
Filters/Traps Data system
H
RESET
Regulators
Column
Gas Carrier
Hydrogen
Air
Detector
Flame Ionization Detector (Nanogram - ng) High temperature of hydrogen flame (H2 +O2 + N2) ionizes compounds eluted from column into flame. The ions collected on collector or electrode and were recorded on recorder due to electric current.
Chimney
Igniter Collector Electrode
Hydrogen Inlet
Column Effluent
Measures the changes of thermal conductivity due to the sample (mg). Sample can be recovered.
Electrical power is converted to heat in a filament and the temperature will climb until heat power loss form the filament equals the electrical power input. The filament may loose heat by radiation to a cooler surface by conduction to the molecules which contact with the filament.
Flow
Flow
emits particles.
Ionization : N2 (Carrier gas) + (e) = N2+ + 2e. The N2+ establish a base line X (F, Cl and Br) containing sample + (e) XIon recombination: X- + N2+ = X + N2, The base line due to the N2+ will decrease and this decrease constitutes the signal. The more the halogen containing X compounds in the sample, the less the N2+ in the detector
C 18
10
C 16
8 6
Detector Response
C 14
Retention Time
C C + C + C
Octane
Decane
Response
Retention Times
RT= 4.0 min on SE-30 Hexane
Very good separation Time (analysis is short) Small sample is needed - ml Good detection system
Quantitatively analyzed
O R C OH + CH3OH + H2SO4
Reflux
O CH2 O C R CH O O C R
CH3ONa
+ CH3OH
O CH2 O C R
CH 3
1
+ 5Cl
Si CH 3
CH 3
2 OH OH
Glucose
Trimethylchlorosilane
6 CH2 O-Si(CH3)3 5
5HCl
Effects of Derivation