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yBjA A Jq : JrA
















NH4X(S) 



 NH 4 X ( S )
NH 4( aq ) X (aq ) 







X




1
1
 M ( H ) 1 g.mo  M (C ) 12 g.mo pKe=1425C



1
1
 M (O) 16 g .mo  M ( N ) 14 g .mo 





 N2O4

 NO3

 CO3

 CN

 92

 62

 60

 26

 



M(g/mol)





NH4X(S) 
5,6 pH C 10

mo.L NH4X(S)(S) 






 NH 4( aq )  .





 NH

4 ( aq )



/ NH 3( aq ) KA pKA=9.2  .




pH=6,1 (S)n(S) 





n n



C
10

pK A 2 pH '





10

pH '











X









VA=20mLCASAV=2Lm=4g 









 C B 2.10 mo.L  ( Na

( aq )

( aq )

HO

) SBSA






NH4X(S) SB VBE 25mL 







 .
SA n( NH 4 X ) CA 


NH4X(S)  .






N

3

pHSA V A 20 mL SB VB 12.5 cm 

 NH

4 ( aq )

HO  pH 9.2 

10 pH pK e (V A VB )

1
 

C B .VB





















BiBI BRA :NnA



/: ZvA

yBjA A Jq : JrA








CA VA=100mL
14
2
1
 K e 10  C B 10 mo.L  C B 10C A 

Ve












xpH 



 1 x  0 x 1 

Ve VB x

VB

Ve





















rL C 10 F R=40
 u (t ) U m cos(t ) RLC
 i (t ) I m cos(t )
 u R (t ) RLC u (t ) 









 .5












 i (t )  u (t ) N


RLC Z 
 i (t )  u (t )  








rR
r cos( )

Z



N





















L 
r 
 N  
 



























BiBI BRA :NnA



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yBjA A Jq : JrA















E2E1 u 2 (t )  u1 (t ) 
 u 2 (t ) U Pm cos(2FP t )  u s (t ) U Sm cos(2f S t )  u1 (t ) U 0

u S (t ) K

 um (t ) k .u1.u 2 (t ) 





 u m (t )  u 2 (t )  u1 (t )  .5





YX u 2 (t )  u1 (t ) 



 S H 0.5ms / div  SV 2V / div 


















 FP 



f S  U Pm  U Sm  U 0 

 u m (t ) 

m
uS (t )) cos(2FP t ) 
 u m (t ) A(1
U Sm



















mA
m












 u m (t ) Y u S (t ) U 0 X





 u m g (u s U 0  u S (t ) U 0  u m (t ) X-Y 















KLIJ .5




m
m
u S )  y (u S ) A(1
u S ) 
 y(u S ) A(1
U Sm
U Sm












h=ILH=JKm .5

H h
 m


H h
m 

















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yBi A Jq : JrA









 U 0 S m 










































































 

L=1mH 








 




 



















.5






















 V A 36 Km / h m=80Kg t=0s








GVB  h 1Km AG








BBCB








 K 0.25  30 AB








AB=200m



















ABI




















 
AB









 A; X ;Y BA .5


 a g .(sin K . cos )  



K



 g 9,81m.s  K 0.25  

A 
2
2

VB VB V A 2a( x B x A ) v(t)x(t)
2





BiBI BRA :NnA



/ : ZvA

yBjA A Jq : JrA









BCII



B



CBC



V

BC 




a

BC :f
BC










CDIII



M vC 0 CCD

 r 1.2m  OC; OM M







rgVM



mgMCDRM 

0 M0 











**