Jedan od oblika glagolskog naina kojim se govornik slui da, obraajui se sagovorniku, ili drugom licu, od njega trai,

ili mu nareuje da izvri neku radnju U E jeziku postoje dvije vrste imperativa: prost i sloen oblik Prost imperativ (upotrebljava se za drugo lice jednine i mnoine) Tri forme: potvrdni, odrini i emfatini potvrdni oblik BE quick! Never MENTION it again! DONT SIT DOWN! DO SIT DOWN!

Znaenja: zabrana, zahtjev, upozorenje, prijetnja, uputstvo, sugestija, savjet, elja, poziv, molba, a upotrebljava se i kao uzvik: SPARE a penny, sir, for a starving man! TURN to the right at the river and keep straight on! COME inside and meet my wife! DO that again and Ill call the police!

Progresivni oblik imperativa BE DOING your homework when your parents arrive home! Dont BE DOING your homework when your parents arrive home! Do BE DOING you homework when your parents arrive home!

Perfektivni imperativ HAVE DONE with such nonsense!

Dont HAVE DONE with this!

Do HAVE DONE with this nonsense!

Pasivne forme imperativa BE ENCOURAGED by your success!

DONT BE DISCOURAGED by your failure!

DO BE ENCOURAGED by your success!

Glagol LET+ objekatski pade+ BARE-INFINITIV line zamjenice prvog/treeg lica

LET ME DO it for you! DONT LET US DO that!

DO LETS COME to an understanding! Znaenja: dozvola, nagovaranje, podsjeanje.

Forma glagolskog naina koja ima neke oblike prezenta i preterita, dok su ostali oblici jednaki oblicima indikativa Ova forma glagolskog naina najbolje je sauvana kod glagola BE u formalnom stilu: u svim licima upotrebljava se oblik BE u prezentu i oblik WERE u preteritu (WERESubjunctive) U konjuktivu nema slaganja sa subjektom ni slaganja vremena

The Senate has decreed that such students BE NOT/NOT BE EXEMPTED from college duties. If I WERE not your best friend, you would regret that remark.

I prezent i preterit konjuktiva se odnose na sadanjost i budunost, odnosno na vrijeme posle momenta govora Prezent konjuktiva se vezuje za izraavanje nade i vjerovatnoe ispunjenja te nade Preterit konjuktiva ne sadri vjerovatnou u veoj mjeri, on izraava nerealnost, ali moe i da izrazi i skromnost i utivost: I demand that the Committee RECONSIDER its decision. It would be odd if she WERE rewarded the first prize.

Mandatorni konjuktiv He speaks quietly on the phone, as though HE WERE/WAS telling a secret. I wish the journey WERE over. Konjuktiv formula (hortativ) God SAVE THE QUEEN! So BE IT!

Oblici konjuktiva se se najee upotrebljavaju u THAT-klauzama, i to u sljedeim situacijama: Prezent konjuktiva glagola BE se u vrlo formalnom stilu upotrebljava u potvrdnim kondicionalnim i dopusnim, a odrini konjuktiv u namjernim klauzama sa veznicima LEST, FOR FEAR THAT, IN ORDER THAT i SO THAT: If THAT BE the official view, it cannot be accpeted. The President must reject this proposal, lest IT CAUSE strife and violence.

Preterit konjuktiva glagola BE je obino vezan za nerealnu sadanjost, a za nerealnu prolost se upotrebljava proli perfekt konjuktiva: If IT IS/WAS/WERE true, I should know it.

Prezent konjuktiva se upotrebljava u nominalnim klauzama posle glagola WISH, PROPOSE I SUPPOSE u izraavanju volje, sugestije i brige: It is our wish that HE DO what he pleases. Preterit konjuktiva se upotrebljava posle izraza ID RATHER, ITS HIGH TIME THAT u skromnijem izraavanju elje, obaveze: Its high time I WENT home. Prezent konjuktiva, a povremeno i preterit konjuktiva, se upotrebljavaju u adverbijalnim (kondicionalnim I dopusnim) klauzama koje poinju veznicima: IF, AS IF, AS THOUGH, THOUGH: Though THE WHOLE WORLD CONDEMN him, I will still believe in him. Upotreba konjuktiva u kondicionalnim reenicama: If he LOVED me, he WOULD LOVE my dog.

Upotreba konjuktiva uz: glagole: demand, decide, insist, order, prefer, request The employees have demanded that the manager RESIGN/SHOULD RESIGN. imenice: decision, decree, demand, order, requirement, resolution Its a requirement that all the equipment BE PUT back on the shelf. izraze its +pity, shame, odd, strange, important, essential, wonder, right, wonderful, disgrace Its odd that John of all people SAY something like that adjektivale: amazed, annoyed, sorry, surprised, thankful

Realni kondicional (Open/ Factual Condition) If you ASK him, heLL COME. If he COMES, he SHALL BE REWARDED. If we CLIMB DOWN, we CAN REACH it. If you WORK hard, you MAY HAVE a day off. If they COME, you MUST COME AND MEET them.

If you TOLD me, I WOULDNT GO. In the other case you WOULD BE TELLING him that he did not know how to behave. If you WERE to go, I should go too.

I SHOULD NOT HAVE SPOKEN to him even if he HAD SPOKEN to me. If I HAD HAD enough money, I SHOULD HAVE LIKED to buy that car. Many things which I SHOULD LIKE TO HAVE KNOWN CAN better BE DISCOVERD by observation.

Budui oblik/prosto budue vrijeme- oblik kojim se izraava budunost Obrazovanje: GLAGOLI WILL/SHALL+ BAREINFINITIV LEKSIKOG GLAGOLA: I SHALL SEE her tomorrow. He WILL SEE her tomorrow. John and I WILL SEE her tomorrow. I WILL DO what I can. I SHALL SAY what I like. WILL/SHALL you GO? WILL he GO?

Budui perfekt
Obrazovanje: POMONI GLAGOLI SHALL/WILL+ PERFEKTIVNI INFINITIV LEKSIKOG GLAGOLA Osnovno znaenje budueg perfekta govori o tome da e se radnja zavriti prije nekog vremena i neke radnje u budunosti, a stanje koje ona donosi postoji ili u to vrijeme, ili u vrijeme te radnje: By this time tomorrow I SHALL HAVE CROSSED the channel. Pomjereno znaenje: Modalno znaenje (izraavanje vjerovatnoe, mogunosti ili pretpostavke) You WILL HAVE HEARD, I expect, that Mary is going to be married.

Obrazovanje: POMONI GLAGOLI SHALL/WILL+ PROGRESIVNI INFINITIV LEKSIKOG GLAGOLA Osnovna znaenja Budue trajanje He SHALL BE WORKING in the garden. Oznaavanje radnje koja poinje prije i zavrava se posle nekog datog vremena u budunosti What WILL you BE DOING this time tomorrow? Budui plan They WILL BE STAYING with us again this year.

Pomjereno znaenje Modalno znaenje We SHALL soon BE HAVING plenty of rain. Budui perfektivni progresiv

Budui perfektivni progresiv izraava trajanje radnje do nekog momenta u budunosti koji e se zavriti u budunosti By June 2015 he WILL HAVE BEEN SERVING his prison sentence for 30 years.

Obrazovanje: POMONI GLAGOLI SHALL/WILL+ PERFEKTIVNO-PROGRESIVNI INFINITIV LEKSIKOG GLAGOLA

Prost prezent: izraava budunost upotrebljava se u zavisnim IF-klauzama, WHEN-klauzama i THAT-klauzama What will you say if I MARRY the boss? u glavnim klauzama ima znaenje sigurnosti, kao to su tvrdnje u vezi sa kalendarom, u opisima dogaaja koji se ne mijenjaju The plane TAKES OFF at 20.30.

Preterit

Preterit se moe odnositi na budunost u kondicionalnim reenicama, posle izraza ITS TIME i posle glagola WISH: If I HAD the money, I should pay you what I owe. I wish I knew. Sadanji perfekat
Sadanji perfekat moe da izrazi budunost koja odgovara prostom prezentu u znaenju budunosti Wait until I HAVE FINISHED my coffee.

Proli perfekat He said that as soon as he HAD RAISED the money, he would let her have it. Sadanji progresiv She IS LEAVING tomorrow. Proli progresiv He WAS MEETING her next week. Sadanji perfektivni progresiv IVE BEEN WORKING on the night shift for several weeks. Proli perfektivni progresiv We HAD BEEN GOING to Paris for years.

BE GOING TO Znaenja: sigurnost govornika u budue ispunjenje sadanje namjere, vjerovatan budui rezultat sadanjeg uzroka, priprema nekog dogaaja She IS GOING TO LEND us her camera. Its GOING TO RAIN. I AM GOING TO WORK harder next term.

Izraava blisku budunost The train IS ABOUT TO LEAVE. Ostali polumodali kojima se moe izraziti budunost: BE BOUND TO, BE CERTAIN TO, BE JUST GOING TO, BE LIKELY, BE ON THE POINT OF, BE SURE TO, BE NEAR TO They ARE LIKELY TO HAVE some problems with him.

BE TO Modalni idom BE TO izraava budunost u sljedeim znaenjima: znaenje dogovora ili plana His daughter IS TO BE MARRIED soon. znaenje reda stvari koji namee sudbina, ne ljudska volja She WAS TO SEE her husband no more. znaenje naredbe This letter IS TO BE DELIVERED by six. znaenje dunosti ili mogunosti u budunosti At what time AM I TO COME? I wonder where he WAS TO FIND it.