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TP HCM.Ngythng...nm 2012
Ch k GVHD:
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-1-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
Li Ni u
Ngy nay, nghnh cng nghip pht trin mnh i hi
quytrnh lm vic nhanh v hiu qu, trong cc nh my khng cn cc
c cu lm vic th s hay km hiu qu na ,trong vic ct phi cng
vy ,i hi phi c nhng my ct phi t ng nhm gim chi ph
thu nhn cng v nng cao nng sut .
Quy trnh cng ngh ct phi t dng m ti thc hin di
y ch l mt phn rt nh trong thi i cng nghip ha hin i
ha ngy nay. C nhiu cch thit k mt m hnh ct phi khc
nhau, y ti thit k m hnh ct phi t ng iu khin bng h
thng thun kh nn.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n mc d ti c gng ht sc
nhng chc chn s khng thiu nhng sai st. V vy, ti rt mong
nhng kin ng gp ca qu thy c v cc bn.
Nhn y xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy Nguyn Trng
Thnh gip ti hon thnh n ny
Xin chn thnh cm n!
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-2-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
CHNG I
GII THIU
1. Vi nt v s pht trin ca cng ngh thy lc - kh nn:
Khng kh xung quanh ta nhiu v k v n l mt ngun nng
lng rt ln m con ngi bit s dng chng t trc Cng nguyn.
Tuy nhin s pht trin v ng dng kh nn lc cn rt hn ch do
cha c s phi hp gia cc ngnh vt l, c hc v.v..
Mi cho n th k17, nh k s ch to ngi c Otto von
Guerike, nh ton hc v trit hc ngi Php Blaise Pascal, cng nh
nh vt l ngi Php Denis Papin xy dng nn nn tng c bn ng
dng kh nn.
Trong th k 19, cc my mc thit b s dng nng lng kh nn
ln lt c pht minh nh: th vn chuyn trong ng bng kh nn
(1835) ca Josef Ritter, phanh bng kh nn (1880), ba tn inh bng kh
nn (1861)Vi s pht trin mnh m ca nng lng in, vai tr s
dng nng lng bng kh nn b gim dn. Tuy nhin vic s dng nng
lng bng kh nn vn ng mt vai tr ct yu trong nhiu lnh vc, m
khi s dng nng lng in s nguy him; s dng nng lng kh nn
nhng dng c nh, nhng truyn ng vi vn tc ln; s dng nng
lng kh nn nhng thit b nh ba hi, dng c dp, phun sn, gi
kp chi tit v nht l cc dng c, g kp cht trong cc my.
Cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca lnh vc t ng ha, ngy nay
cc thit b truyn dn, iu khin bng thy lc kh nn s dng trong
my mc tr nn rng ri hu ht cc lnh vc cng nghip nh my
cng c CNC, phng tin vn chuyn, my dp, my un, my p phun,
dy chuyn ch bin thc phm, do nhng thit b ny lm vic linh
hot, iu khin ti u, m bo chnh xc cao, cng sut ln vi kch
thc nh gn v lp t d dng nhng khng gian cht hp so vi cc
thit b truyn ng v iu khin bng c kh hay in.
u nhc im ca kh nn:
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-3-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
u im:
Do kh nng chu nn (n hi) ln ca khng kh, cho nn c th trch
cha kh nn mt cch thun li. Nh vy c kh nng ng dng thnh
lp cc trm trch cha kh nn.
C kh nng truyn ti nng lng xa, bi v nht ng hc ca kh
nn nh v tn tht p xut trn ng dn t.
Khng gay nhim mi trng.
Chi ph thp thit lp mt h thng truyn ng bng kh nn, bi v
phn ln trong cc x nghip h thng ng dn kh nn c sn.
H thng phng nga qu p sut gii hn c m bo.
Nhc im:
Lc truyn ti trng thp.
Khi ti trng trong h thng thay i, th vn tc truyn cng thay i, bi
v kh nng n hi ca kh nn ln, cho nn khng th thc hin nhng
chuyn ng thng hoc quay u.
Dng kh thot ra ng dn ra gy nn ting n.
Hin nay, trong lnh vc iu khin, ngi ta thng kt hp h thng
iu khin bng kh nn vi c, hoc vi in, in t. Cho nn rt kh
xc nh mt cch chnh xc, r rng u, nhc im ca tng h thng
iu khin.
2. Yu cu ca ti
Yu cu :
Tnh ton v thit k h thng truyn ng ,cng nh kch thc
ca cc xy lanh theo ng cc tiu chun ,cc bn v chi tit cng nh cc
cch ghi kch thc phi tun th theo cc tiu chun k thut hc .
CHNG II
C S L THUYT
A. NGUN KH NN
1. My nn kh:
Khi nim:
My nn kh l thit b to ra p sut kh, nng lng c
hc ca ng c in hoc ng c t trong c chuyn i
thnh nng lng kh nn v nhit nng.
Phn loi:
a. Theo p sut:
My nn kh p sut thp: p 15 bar
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-4-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
My nn kh p sut cao:
p 15 bar
My nn kh p sut rt cao: p 300bar
b. Theo nguyn l hot ng:
My nn kh theo nguyn l thay i th tch: my nn kh kiu
pittng, my nn kh kiu cch gt, my nn kh kiu root, my
nn kh kiu trc vt.
My nn kh tuabin: my nn kh ly tm v my nn kh theo
chiu trc.
2. Bnh trch cha kh nn:
Kh nn sau khi ra khi my nn kh v c x l th cn phi c mt
b phn lu tr s dng. Bnh trch cha kh nn c nhim v cn bng
p sut kh nn t my nn kh chuyn n trch cha, ngng t v tch
nc.
Kch thc bnh trch cha ph thuc vo cng sut ca my nn kh
v cng sut tiu th ca cc thit b s dng, ngoi ra kch thc ny cn
ph thuc vo phng php s dng: v d s dng lin tc hay gin on.
K hiu :
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-5-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-6-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
K hiu:
-7-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-8-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
Ming m u trc .
Nam chm .
m ng ngoi .
V ngoi .
ng dn thanh .
Ming m .
V bc mt trc .
Mt dn kh .
Cng tc t .
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-9-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
10
Cn pittong .
11
Vng chng mn .
12
m pittong .
Xylanh tc dng hai chiu, c c b phn gim chn cui khoang chy .
K hiu
Xilanh kp c cn piston hai pha ( gi l xilanh ng b) ( hnh ), v din
tch hai mt piston bng nhau nn lc tc dng sinh ra cng bng nhau .
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-10-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
Hnh v v k hiu .
CHNG III
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-11-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
C cu kp phi gm c 2 c cu:
o Pitton A bn trt: kp gi ko phi vo thc hin qu trnh ct
o Pitton C: kp gi phi lc ang ca v khi pitton B ko bn trt i
v.
C cu y phi: l pitton B mang theo bn trt pitton A
C cu nng ca: pitton D v gi ca
3. Tnh ton c cu chn xylanh v my nn kh:
Thng s ca phoi ct : Di : L=3500mm=3.5m.
Rng: a=25mm=0.025m.
Cao :b=2mm=210-3 m.
-12-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
- Pphi =
Fp 167.035
Ta c : Fp = SA P SA = P = 10105 = 1.67035 10 -4
2 4 SA
dA2
Ta c : SA = 4
dA
= 14.59 (mm)
Ta chn dA = 16 (mm).
Tng t ta c cho xy lanh C kp cht c chi tit th ng knh xy
lanh cng l 16mm ( bng vi ng lnh xy lanh A ) .
Ta i tm ng knh xy lanh D :
y xy lanh D cha li ct vung gc vi phoi ct
Ta c cng thc tnh lc ct nh sau :
( y ta dng li ct c 2 li dao song song vi nhau ).
Fct = k B S C (N).
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-13-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
Trong
K l h s nh hng ca dao mm ,vt liu kh ct ,khe h ln ,thng
th k=1.1 1.3 .
B l chiu rng ca tm phi .
S l chiu dy ca tm phi .
C l gii hn bn ca tm phi (C = 0.8 0.9 ) b (N/mm2 )
(Sch cng ngh kim loi trng HSPKT trang 177 vi phi ct y
th ta c (nha PVC ) ).
Ta c : k=1.2 ,B=25 ,S=2 , C =50 80 MPa = 50 80 (N/mm2 ) .
Chn C =55 (N/mm2 )
Ta c : Fct = 1.1 25 55 2 = 3025 (N).
Fct
3025
Ta c : Fct = 3025 (N) , m Fct = SD P SD= P =100105 =
3,02510-4(m2)
( y th ta chn my nn kh cho xy lanh D c p sut l 100bar )
2 4s
Ta c:SD =3,02510 (m ) dD =
=19,6(mmm),ta chn dD =
20(mm).
Phn tnh ton sc bn cho cc dm g xy lanh nh sau :
V phn dm g cho xy lanh A c l lp cht nh khng ng k nn ta khng
tnh dm g ca n
Ta i tnh ton sc bn cho 4 ct ca dm g 2 xy lanh C v xy lanh D
Ta chn dct = 8 mm
-4
+ Mu/(0.1.d2)
trong :
F: tit din ct ngang ca ct.
d:ng knh ct.
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-14-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
N: lc tc dng ln cc ct
N =(
(1+ )
N=
) = 15.96(N)
F = .0.0042 = 5.024.10-5(m2).
Ta c :
= 317675 (N/m2)
Ta c : Mu =
Ta c :
=49.876 (N).
=
320(MPa)
(
Cc ct c nh vi cc x bng cc ai c v ren.
Cc ai c c dng hnh tr c ch to t thp dc vi
= 450 MPa
-15-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
CHNG IV
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-16-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
u im ca PLC:
- Lp trnh vi PLC c th thay i thut ton mt cch d dng, chng trnh
vit vi PLC th iu kin c d dng, chng trnh c lu trong b nh
di dng cc khi v thc hin lnh theo chu k vng qut.
- Lng I/o ln,tc hot ng nhanh.
- Kch thc nh gn lp t n gin.
- n nh tin cy cao.
- C kh nng ni mng PLC-PLC,PC-PLC iu khin,gim st h thng.
Nhc im:
o Gi thnh cao.
o i vi h thng phc tp i hi phi c chuyn gia ca hng.
ng Dng:
o Cng nghip:iu khin thit b my mc,cc qu trnh sn xut:giy,xi
mng,linh kin in t,xe hi.
o Gim st h thng iu khin qu trnh.
o Chiu sng giao thng cng cng.
1 .Gii thiu chung v PLC S7 200 (Siemens)
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-17-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-18-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
a) Cc tnh nng:
H thng iu khin kiu Moudle nh gn cho cc ng dng trong phm vi
hp
C nhiu loi CPU
C nhiu loi Moudle m rng
C th m rng ti 7 Moudle
Bus ni tch hp trong Moudle mt sau
C th ni mng vi cng giao tip RS 485 hay Profius
My tnh trung tm c th truy cp n cc Moudle
Khng qui nh rnh cm
Phn mm iu khin ring
Tch hp CPU, I/O ngun cung cp vo mt Moudle
Micro PLC vi nhiu chc nng tch hp
b) Cc Moudle m rng:
Moudle ng vo Digital: 24VDC, 120/230VAC
Moudle ng ra Digital: 24VDC, ngt in t
Moudle ng vo Analog: p, dng, in tr, cp nhit
Moudle ng ra Analog: p, dng
c) Cu trc b nh:
B nh ca S7-200 c chia lm 4 vng:
- Vng chng trnh
- Vng tham s
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-19-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
- Vng d liu
- Vng i tng
Trong hai vng nh d liu v i tng c vai tr quan trng trong vic
thc hin mt chng trnh.
Vng d liu:
V - Variable memory : Vng nh bin.
I - Input image register : Vng m ng vo.
Q - Output image register : Vng m ng ra.
M Internal memory bits : Vng nh trong.
SM Special memory bits : Vng nh c bit.
Cc vng nh ny u c th truy cp c theo bit, byte, word hay double
word:
+ Truy sut theo bit: Mt ln mt bit.
C php: Tn vng nh (+) a ch byte (+) . (+) a ch bit.
V d: I0.0: ch bit 0 ca byte 0 ca vng I.
+ Truy sut theo byte: mi ln 1 byte.
C php: Tn vng nh (+) B (+) a ch byte.
V d: VB1: ch byte 1 ca vng V.
+ Truy sut theo word:
C php: tn vng nh (+) W (+) a ch byte cao.
V d:VW100:ch word 100 gm 2 byte 100 v 101 thuc vng V.
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-20-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
4. Chuyn d
liu t b m
o ra ngoi vi.
1. Nhp d liu
t ngoi vi vo
b m o.
3. Truyn thng v
t kim tra li.
2. Thc hin
chng trnh.
-21-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-22-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
Tc x l mt lnh logic:0.8us/lnh.
C 3 b m tc cao :2Khz v 7Khz.
C 2 b pht xung tc cao.
C 2 b iu chnh Analog.
ng h thi gian thc.
Chng trnh c bo v bng pasword.
Ton b dung lng nh khng b mt d liu 190 gi khi PLC mt in.
C 128 timer, ty theo phn gii m chia lm 3 loi:
+ 04 timer 01ms.
+ 16 timer 10ms.
+ 108 timer 100ms.
C 128 b m Counter, ty vo cch m m chia lm 2 loi:
+ m ln : Count up.
+ m ln xung : Count up-down.
II.THIT K MCH IN - KH NN DNG PLC:
1.S hnh trnh bc :
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-23-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
2.s mch :
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-24-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-25-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-26-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
7 M Hnh Bn V 3D:
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-27-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
CHNG V
KT LUN V NGH
I KT QU THC HIN
Sau qu trnh thc hin vi nhiu c gng v n lc ca bn thn cng vi s
tn tnh hng dn ca thy Nguyn Trng Thnh , tp n ny c hon
thnh ng thi gian quy nh theo yu cu t ra l Thit k m hnh ct phi t
ng.
-28-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
---------------------------
MC LC-------------------------------
NI DUNG
TRANG
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-29-
N TRUYN NG THY KH
-M HNH MY CT PHI T NG -
-30-