Cm nang s dng filter trong nhip nh

Nh mt knh eo mt, cc loi filter c cng dng iu tit v iu chnh quang hc lng nh sng i vo ng knh, gip lc v loi b cc cc tia sng khng tt i vi nh , to ra cc hiu ng quang hc ln nh , ngoi ra filter cng ng vai tr bo v thu knh ngoi ca ng knh. Filter dng c cho tt c cc loi my nh t my film SLR, Digital SRL n my s P&S, k c cc loi thit b chuyn dng nh knh thin vn, ng nhm vv. C rt nhiu loi filter, xin c nu ra mt vi filter thng dng nh sau: 1. UV Filter 2. ND Filters, GND Filter, Graduated Filter 3. Polarizers Filter 4. Color Correction Filter 5. Black & White filter (for monochrome films filter) 6. Infrared filter 7. Close-up Filter ( Close-Up Lens, Macro Filter ) 8. Effect filter - Knh lc hiu ng Ngoi gii thiu tnh nng ca filter cc loi, trong bi vit cn cp ti cc vn lin quan n filter nh: 9. Cu trc, vt liu v cc ph kin cho filter 10. Tip, mo v cc lu khi s dng filter Bi vit do phantayho dch v bin son t B+W Filters Handbook , Cokin Creative system, Marumi Digital Pro General Filters v wikipedia . ng trong mc Trao i v cc loi my nh , thit b nhip nh, k thut trn din n nhip nh nikonvn.

Xin cm n thy Nguyn c Thin ging vin nhip nh Hi NSNA Tp.HCM dnh thi gian gp , hiu chnh bi vit. Cm n cc bn thnh vin theo di.

UV Filter

UV ultraviolet ray: y l tia cc tm, khng thy c i vi mt thng, tuy nhin film hoc sensor u ghi nhn. Do tn sc, tia UV s lm cho nh b m mu lam ( blue ). S dng filter UV rt cn thit cho mi cnh chp ban ngy c bit l khi chp vng ni cao, v cnh sng bin. Khi gn filter ny, nh chp s gim c hin tng m mu gip nh s c r hn, khng kh trong nh s trong v sch hn m khng gim lng nh sng vo trong thu knh. Ngoi ra, filter ny cng nh c dng nh lp bo v chng li s va p hay ng nc trn b mt thu knh ngoi.

Cc loi UV filter khc l: 1. UV / IR cut filter: gip lc v ngn cn cc loi nh sng l cc tia UV ultraviolet ( tia t ngoi ) v c IR Infrared ( hng ngoi ) n s lc ton b tt c nh sng m mt thng khng thy c.( Khng nn ln ln gia filter UV/IR cut v IR Filter )

Marumi UV / IR cut filter

2. UV/ haze Filter : N dng lc b nhng thnh phn tia sng c do sng, khi, my m trong khng kh v gia tng bo ho ca knh mu vng. V d nh filter B+W UV/Haze KR = 1.5 ( ~ A=1 ) n s gim i mu xanh thay bng 29% sc vng i vi nh sng c bc sng 400nm ( nh sng mu lam ta - violet )

B+W 127MM SLIM UV HAZE MRC

Ch s KR ( Kelvin Colour Temperature Reduction ) trn filter cho ngi dng bit nhit mu s thay th bao nhiu phn trm. Nu ta s thy nhng filter ny c sc vng ( yellowish ) hoc hng ( pink ) 3. UV/Skylight : Ngoi cng dng block tia UV, n cn c chc nng lm du li knh mu cam ( reddish yellow ), do knh mu xanh ( blue ) trong vng

mu c v bng s ni bt hn. N cng c chc nng tng t nh haze nhng t hn l lc b phn c ca khng kh.

B+W 105MM UV SLIM KR-1.5 (SKYLIGHT)

Trong thi im hin ti, rt nhiu cc hng sn xut filter ni ting nh Marumi, B+W, Hama c sn xut cc loi filter UV i cng chc nng vi cc loi filter khc nh Sky light, IR Cut ( Infra Red light Cut ), Haze khi la chn nn y l UV filter loi g m dng ng mc ch . V d Filter B+W Sky Light KR 1.5 s mc nh c lun chc nng chng li tia UV hoc Marumi UV/IR cut s mc nh c chc nng lc b tia Infra Red v n cng c chc nng lc b tia UV. V cng nn lc nh trc nh sng mt tri xem n c coated mu g.

Theo hng B+W Good lenses are far more expensive than UV filters, therefore it makes good sense to attach a filter to protect the lens sensitive front element ( filter bao gii cng kinh t hn so vi mt ng knh loi tt, hy lun gn pha filter UV pha trc bo v thu ngoi ! )

ND Filter ( Neutral Density Filter )

Nhng my nh hin i ngy nay, u cho php ngi chp y tc chp

ln rt cao hoc gim tc chp xung rt thp b tr vi lng nh sng gii hn bi khu cho ra tc phm ht sc th v. Khu ln s to ra DOF mng c lp ch th ra khi tin cnh v hu cnh, tuy nhin do nh hng ca mt s iu kin nh sng i khi ta khng th tu chnh c m mong mun to ra nh trng DOF theo , trong trng hp ny th filter ND l mt gii php. Hoc nh trong trng hp cn gim i thi gian ca tc m vn

gi nguyn khu to nhe trong cc tnh hung chp nh mun to ra nho do chuyn ng th s dng Filter ND l mt gii php u vit. ND Filter c coated (ph hay trng) mt lp phim mu xm trung tnh ( Neutral ) tu theo mc m c ( Density ) m n lm thay i sc t i vi tt c cc loi mu vi tt c cc bc sng nh sng ca sc mu . Ni n gin hn, tt c mu trong khung nh c ha trn vi thang mu xm ra mu mi v bo ho mu chung ( master ) cng thay i.

Hiu qu nh khi s dng ND Filter trong tnh hung chp cnh ng

ND filter cn c tn gi khc l Light Volume Reduction do ta c th thy tc dng chnh ca ND filter l cn quang dn ti gia tng thi lng phi sng m vn gi nguyn m ca ng knh. bit c khu thay i nh th no , trn cc filter ny c nhng s ch dn . th d nh x2 , x4 ,x8 . Cc s ny c tnh bng X=2 lu tha f-stops , X c ghi trn filter v d B+W ND Filter 8x s lm bc nhy f-stops xung 3 stops ( 2 lu tha 3 = 8 ) hoc B+W ND Filter 64x s lm bc nhy f-stops xung 6 stops ( 2 lu tha 6 = 64 ): ta c bng sau:

GND Filter (Graduated Neutral Density Filter )

B+W Graduated Filter Gray 501 N l loi ND filter nhng chuyn ( Graduated ) m ca mu xm ( Neutral Density ). C rt nhiu kiu chuyn, c th c loi chuyn t tm filter ra bn gc, cng c loi chuyn t 4 gc filter v tm nhng nhiu nht vn l loi chuyn 50% ngha l chuyn mt na trn - Half Graduated Neutral Density Filter.

Marumi Center ND II chuyn mu t tm ra ngoi

Trong bi cnh m chnh lc gia vng ny v vng kia qu cch bit, v d chp cnh m bu tri qu sng trong lc mt na kia li nm trong vng bng rm, s dng filter ny t ra ht sc hiu qu. C th n, filter ny khng th

thiu c trong hnh trang ca nhng NAG am m nh phong cnh.

Graduated Filter:

Ngoi GND c cng dng chuyn xm, cc hng sx filter cn a ra rt nhiu loi Graduated filter cn nh sng ca mu MIRED ( xem phn Color Correction Filter bn di ) v lm gia tng bo ho mu ( saturation enhacing ) ca cc mu ghi trn filter ( mu u lc thuc l tobacco, mu hong hn sunset, mu tri skylight vv). N tht s hu ch sng tc nh vi tone mu v chuyn mu ht sc th v.

ND, GND v Graduated filter u c c cng dng cn quang v lm thay i bo ho mu. Cc filter ny thng c nhm chung nhau l Light Volume Reduction

Polarizers Filter:

nh sng di chuyn theo dng sng, tt c cc vt th u phn x nh sng v ng knh ghi nhn tt c cc loi sng nh sng phn x . Trong qu trnh phn x, cc sng nh sng phn chiu ny c th cng hng hoc gy nhiu ng sng nh sng kia gy ra lo sng v bng nh. Bng cch xc lp trc truyn ( xoay filter ), Polarizers Filter s cn nhng tia sng do phn chiu (unpolarized ) bng cch y ra ngoi , ch cho php nhng tia sng c phng vung gc ( perpendicular ) tia sng phn chiu i vo ng knh (P-Polarized ), hn ch cc sng nh sng phn chiu lung tung "free to move. Do sng

nh sng t cc vt th khng phn chiu ( non-metallic surface) phn cc i vo ng knh c lc b i s nhiu ng do s phn chiu t vt th khc. V d nh ch th ang vng mt nc ( hoc trc mt knh ) Polarizers Filter s loi b s m ( veil ) bn ngoi to cho nh sng truyn t ch th vo ng knh mt cch trung thc, mu sc v nt c bo ton phn no.

Tht l kh, nu chp nh mt ch th ng trc hoc sau b mt phn chiu m khng dng Polarizers Filter, v ng knh s ghi nhn ton b nh sng k c nh sng ca s phn chiu khng mong mun. Rt hiu qu nu ta dng filter ny chp nh cc vt th trc gng hoc mt nc k c di bu tri sng chi, Polarizer Filter s loi b nhng nh sng do phn x m c, gi li nh sng t cc vt th khng phn chiu ( non-metallic surface)

Linear Polarizers Filter:

y l loi filter c lp film vi nhng li dy song song wire grid ( B+W ) n s cn v phn chiu ngc ra ngoi nhng tia sng ln xn ramdomly polarized / unpolarized, nu t nm ngang n s cho php ch nhng tia sng phn cc ng ( vertically polarized beam light ) i qua, tng t vi t theo phng ng, hoc nu t theo phng 45 th n ch cho nhng tia phn cc 135 i qua.

Filter ny c cng dng chnh l cn nhng tia sng phn x, tng tng

phn, tng bo ho mu. Bi v filter ny cn sng theo kiu cut off nn s gy nn hin tng o sng v ly nt sai trn my nh in t . Do , filter ny khng thch hp khi bn s dng cc my nh in t vi ch ly nt t ng ( AF ). Nhiu hng ch to filter khuyn co khng nn s dng Linear Polarizer Filter trong cc ch ly nt t ng AF v o sng TTL Meter ( nn chuyn v ch ly nt tay MF )

Circular Polarizer Filter - CPL:

Filter ny l loi ci tin t Linear Polarizer, n bao gm 2 element, thnh phn th nht pha trc l Linear Polarizers Filter, thnh phn th 2 pha sau c gi l Quarter Wave Plate ( Quarter l gc mt phn t, cng c hng gi l half-wave Plate ), cc tia Polarizer i qua thnh phn th nht v di chuyn qua thnh phn th 2 theo ng xon c ngc chiu kim ng h vo pha trong. Hin ti, cc hng sx Filter ln v ni ting khng cn dng lp plastic cho Linear Polarizer Filter m thay vo l lp thu tinh mng gi l glass-to-air hay foil-to air surface do theo khuyn co khng c b mt ca CPL nng hn 70 C ( hoc 158 F ), do vy nhng n flash gn ln pha trc ng knh ( flash dnh chp macro ) khng nn s dng i cng vi CPL.

S dng CPL rt hiu qu khi chp nh m ch pha trc mt nc, knh, kim loi gy phn chiu, ngoi ra n cn gip cho bc nh trong hn, mu sc p hn. a phn cc sn phm CPL u c mu xm trung tnh ( Neutral ) tuy nhin vn cn c nhiu loi khc, do vy khi la chn CPL nn ch thm k hiu ghi trn filter. V d:

B+W Linear & Circular Polarizers KR 1.5, y l CPL ci thin chi tit vng mu m v cho ra tone mu m. ( Tng t KR 3, n s cho ra tone mu m mnh hn ) B+W CPL Pro Redhancer : y l CPL ci thin chi tit vng mu nng v cho ra tone mu nng. Filter ny rt thch hp cho nh phong cnh ma thu vng bc bn bn cu ( Chu u Bc M ), nhng rng cy l phong s p hn, mu golden s ti hn vv

Xin lu i vi CPL l filter ny s c 2 vnh, mt vnh s kho cht vo ng knh nh cc loi filter bnh thng khc, v vnh cn li chnh hng cn tia phn x. V khi la chn, nu ang s dng cc my nh phim in t hoc my s digital nn coi k k hiu trn v hp nu y l loi c kh nng dng c vi cc loi my k trn ( filter B+W c ghi ch Digital s dng c cho my s ) .

Color Correction Filter

Mu sc thay i chuyn bin tu vo ngun sng. Nhng ngun sng nhn to khc nhau, n nh n tungsten, n halogen, nn vv s gy ra nhng m mu khc nhau, nhit mu trong ngy ngy cng thay i tu theo thi im, bnh minh, gia tra, chiu v hong hn. Color Correction Filter c tc dng b tr mu v to ra s cn bng v mu sc ( Color Balancing ). Filter loi ny c sn xut u tin bi hng Tiffen, cc s hiu mu c ly theo s hiu mu Mired Micro Reciprocal Degrees trn phim do cc k s ca hng Kodak xut bn nm 1912, phim kiu daylight c dng chp cho bao cnh c nhit mu 5600K, phim Tungsten c s dng di ngun sng khong 3200K. Tuy nhin, nhit mu thay i rt thng xuyn do vy cc filter ny rt hu ch khi s dng vi cc loi phim ni trn to ra nh c sc mu t nhin.

Chp nh vi ngun sng n trong nh ( household Bulbs ) v s dng daylight film thng cho nh m . Dng cc loi filter trong trng hp ny c th iu chnh v a nhit mu ln 3200K ( /v filter 80A ) ti 3400K ( /v filter 80B ) vv

Chp nh trong ngy nhiu my, trong bng rm c th gy ra nh m xanh hoc b thiu vng, s dng cc loi filter 81A / B c th iu chnh v a nhit mu ln n 6000k

Chp nh di n Flouressecent gy ra nh m mu lc (green). S dng cc loi filter Marumi F-DL/F-TB, F-WL hoc B+W 499 F-Day s iu chnh v kh m mu trong trng hp ny.

__________________

Black & White filter ( for monochrome films filter )

Phim en trng ngay c phim panchromatical s khng ti to li ng t l tng phn ( constract ) m mt ngi c th nhn thc c. Black & White filter l loi filter h tr cho vic sng to ngun sng ( artificial light ) theo ng ch ca ngi chp nhm gia tng s tng phn cch bit gia thang mu xm trn knh mu ch o ca ch th v bi cnh. V d nh th loi phong cnh en trng, khi ngi chp mun gim i tng phn knh mu lam ( blue ) ca my tri v lm cho knh mu lam ti hn nhng li mun gia tng tng phn knh mu v lm cho knh mu sng hn th Black & White filter l mt gii php. V trong th loi nh chn dung en trng cng vy, c th dng Black & White filter gia tng tng phn v lm sng hn tone mu vng ca da ngi nhng s lm ti v gim tng phn ca kn mu lc ( green ) c lp nhn vt ra khi hu cnh vv

Infrared Filter

Mt ngi ch c th thy c nhng nh sng c bc sng di 750nm, v y cng l ngng thp nht ca loi nh sng gi l nh sng hng ngoi Infared light ( IR ). Dng filter IR s gip cn ( block ) nhng tia sng m mt ngi thy c ( visible Light ) v ch li anh sng IR vo bn trong. Tuy mt ngi khng thy IR nhng phim v sensor li rt nhy vi nh sng ny, dng filter s to ra bc nh c tone sai mu, nho nh v ni ht ( flase color, blur, grain ). S dng filter IR s lm cho nh rt ti ( underexposure ) do khi chp vi IR Filter ch t phi tng ln 1 stops ( B+W ). a phn IR filter s to ra nhng

tone Wood Effect n cn bc sng ca mu lc ( green ) ti a, to nn nhng thnh phn l cy, c ( foliage ) sng, trng v nho trng ging l nh sng thy c ca tuyt. Tuy nhin c rt nhiu loi IR filter v tu theo tng loi n s hn ch nh sng thy c l bao nhiu. B+W Infrared Filter 092 ( 89 B) s cn nhng nh sng c bc sng nh hn 650nm v nh sng c bc sng t 730nm n 2000nm i qua, B+W Infrared Filter 093 ( 87 C) ch cho 1% nh sng c bc sng 800nm v 88% nh sng c bc sng 900nm i qua, B+W Infrared Filter 099 ( 6) n c coat mt lp mu cam s kh ton b nhng bc sng nh hn 520nm ( Blue Blue,Green ) v tng cng bo ho ho mu cho nh sng c bc sng 600nm filter ny s cn ht mu xanh v lm cho mu chuyn thnh cam hay . Ngoi ra, vn cn rt nhiu loi khc nh IR filter Schott glass types OG 590, RG 610, RG 630, RG 645, RG 665, RG 715, RG 780 hoc RG 9.

Effect filter - Knh lc hiu ng

Knh lc ny nh mt cng c dng nh mt th chi nghch vi nh sng, cc loi filter ny s thay i ng i ca nh sng to ra mt loi nh sng t nguyn theo ng ch ch ca tc gi. Cc loi filter ny rt a dng nh soft effect filter, spectra filter, star filter, fog softar filter, multi image prism filter vv v thng c nhm li thnh 3 nhm chi nh sau : Soft Effect Filter ( Softar, Softer Filter )

Soft y s khng ng ngha vi unsharp, v cng khng lin quan n DOF. Cc loi filter ny s phn tn nh sng ( scattered light ) lm du tng phn nh sng trn ton b khung nh. Filter ny ng vai tr m b b khuyt tn nh sng diffuser, gia tng rng ca nh sng khuych tn v gim i nh sng trong vng sng v vng ti ca ch th ( xem nh minh ho )

a phn, cc nhip nh s dng Soft Effect Filter cho cc th loi nh thi trang v chn dung ngh thut. N lm cho bc nh c ng nt mn mi, khung cnh s tr nn lng mng. V cng nh tc dng lm gim tng phn, khi s dng softar da mt ca ngi mu s tr nn lng mn hn. Cc loi softar filter c ngh sng trong tm tiu c t 85mm n 135mm vi m f/4.0.

Soft Effect Filter c chia lm 2 loi l Center Spot Filter v Pastels / Diffuser Filter. Center Spot Filter l loi Soft Effect Filter nhng c l trn hoc hnh bu dc tm.

Ngoi ra trong cc th loi nh phong cnh thin nhin, s dng Soft Effect Filter cng to ra nhiu hiu ng p, lng mn ging nh khung cnh ang nm trong lp sng m vy.

Special Filter ( Spectra, Prism Filter )

Cc filter ny c ghp bi nhng prims hoc nhng lp coating trn b mt filter to ra nhng Action n tng. Khi chp vi cc filter ny nn ti cc gc xoay ca filter, mi gc xoay c th cho ra nhng effect kh nhau kh th v.

Th loi actiondnh cho Special Filter rt phong ph, c th k n nh: Star filter: nh sng lo ( glare ) trong vng nh sau khi i qua star filter s tia sng, c rt nhiu loi star filter nh sao 4,6 hoc 8 cnh sao hoc dng cu vng, ho quang, halos vv

Multi-image effect filter: to ra nhiu o nh xung quanh nh tht. C th c loi 5,7,13 hoc 25 nh o xung nh tht.

Optical effect: l cc loi filter to ra nhiu vt sng nh vt th ang chuyn ng, c th c loi filter gy ra chuyn ng chm hay nhanh.

Color Effect Filter

Cc filter ny c coat nhiu lp film mu hoc nhiu Prism mu to ra nhng s chuyn bin ng nt, cung bc mu sc ht sc k th.

Close-up Filter ( Close-Up Lens, Macro Filter )

 cn th - minimun focus distance l khong cch ngn nht t lens n ch th, khng th ly nt sc xo nu t ng knh ngn hn minimun focus distance. Vi d nh AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED c minimun focus distance l 1 foot ( 0.314m ) khng th ly nt, khi ch th gn lens hn khong cch ny. Hoc gi d nh trong cc tnh hung chp macro cn trng khi d ng knh li gn st qu cn trng c th lm cho chng hong s ! m nu khng d st th phng i khng tho c ngi chp. Close-up Filter l mt gii php trong th loi nh ny, n s gia tng zoom li gn hn i vi ch th nh phng i ch th s gia tng. Scale ratio or distance ? C nhiu loi filter c lp vi khong cch phng i ( Distance magnificationvalue / Macro ranges ) nh Marumi Close-Up +1 ~ +4, B+W Close-Up NL1 ~ NL5 vv, cc loi filter ny s phng i nh trong tt c cc khong zoom/focal lens distance, gi tr phng i ngoi diopter ca filter th gi tr ca phng i c cng thm nh zoom gn hay zoom xa. Tuy nhin cc c mt s close-up filter c cng dng rt ngn li khong cch nh Marumi Mcro +10,

B+W Macro +10 khong cch rt ngn l 100mm, hoc Canon 500D Close-Up lens l 500mm cc filter ny ng vai tr nh mt secondary lens h tr cho ng knh a vt th ti gn hn (Canon 500D Close-Up lens c recommend cho lens 70-300mm thu hp minimun focus distance )

Marumi wide 0.5x 58mm

Ti sao c lc gi l Close up filter c lc li gi l close up lens ( macro lens ) ? c mt s loi filter trong s close-up filter ny c nhiu hn 2 elements nn c mt s hng gi cc filter ny l lens (ng knh )

Wide Converter ???

Marumi wide 0.5x 58mm Nu nh c s chuyn ch th li gn lens ( Tele Converter ) vi magnification > +1, vy c filter no a i tng ra xa khng (magnification < +1 ) ? hoc ni cch khc l m rng gc nhn khng ? C ch ! chnh l wide-up filter hoc Wide converter lens, magnification ca cc lens ny t + 0.3 n +0.7, khi gn cc lens ny vo ng knh n s chia ( nhn nghch o ) focal lens, v d nh lens c focal lens l 24mm khi gn wide-up 0.5 n s tr thnh lens c focal lens l 12mm

B+W ultra fisheye

Cu trc, vt liu v cc ph kin cho filter

Cu trc v vt liu:
Hu ht cc filter u s dng cc loi vt liu dng sx knh eo mt nh thu tinh, nha thng trong sut ( resin plastic ), cc loi nha tng hp trong sut (polyester, polycarbonate, acetate ) N tu theo mc ch v yu cu s dng c th c ch to dy hoc mng ( slim ). Trong cu trc ca filter phn c bit quan trng l lp coating, v filter hu nh c gn pha trc lens ( vn c mt s t gn pha sau ) nn vic chng li nh sng phn x l u khng quan trng hoc ni cch khc filter t gy ra vn nh o ( stray light / ghost image ) nh cc elements bn trong camera lens ( tuy c vi filter c cu trc nhiu hn 2 thu knh nh Polar, Close-up ). y vn hp th nh sng (absorptive ) l vn quan trng. Trn cng 1 loi filter nh B+W UV nu l single layer s nh mt nh sng do phn chiu ngc tr ra l 9 % ( tng ng 1/9 stop ), vi Multi Coating l 3 %, do vy trn cng 1 chng loi filter, nhng filter c k MC s hp th nh sng tt hn cc loi khc. Ngoi ra cc lp coating ngy nay u c cc hng sx filter quan tm ch to t cc loi thu tinh c bit chng try xc v chng li s ng nc trn b mt filter, nh B+W ch to MRC (Multi-Resistant Coating) n c lm t 1 loi thu tinh c bit cng v mng dn kht vi nhau ( glass-to-air), hoc

Marumi vi water profing coatings chng li s ng nc vv

Hnh dng v cu trc:

1. Threaded round filters :

Threaded round filters : l loi filter hnh trn c gn vo vo lens bng xon vng ren trn filter vo vng ren trn lens ( Screw-in ) hoc cng c gn bng nam chm ( magnetic ), hoc cng gn qua g Cokin Universal Ring dnh cho nhng loi ng knh khng vng ren hoc c ng knh filter size ngoi hng. Cc Threaded round filters ny c ng knh t 25mm n 127mm ( ph bin nht l t 52mm n 77mm ) 2. Rectangular filters :

Rectangular filters : l dng filter c hnh vung c gn vo lens nh g - holder c kch thc tu theo g l 67mm, 84mm, 100mm hoc 130mm. Cc filter ny gn vo lens nh adaptor sau gn apdaptor ln g - holder v t Rectangular filters ln trn. Xin lu hu nh cc loi filter vung c lm t nha thng trong sut do theo khuyn co ca hu ht cc hng sx filter khng nn filter ny gn nhng vt to nhit nng hn 70 C ( hoc 158 F ), hn ch t a s dng cc loi n flash gn trc ng knh, hoc chp cc vt th ang toa nhit cao. 3. MAGNET-FIX :

MAGNET-FIX : l loi loi filter g ln ng knh nh lc ht ca nam chm c gn pha lng ca filter. Cc loi filter ny sx nhm vo cc thit b ghi hnh khng c vnh ring ca ng knh nh web cam, my du lch P&S, in thoi di ng c chc nng chp nh ...vv

Cc ph kin cho filter:

Adapter Rings ( Step up/down ring ): S dng trong trng hp kch thc filter ca bn khc so vi kch filter size trn lens. V d trong tay ang c filter kch thc ng knh l 72mm, ng knh ang s dng dng l 70-200 f/2.8 c kch filter size l 77mm bn c th nn dng loi step up ring 72-77 vv.

Filter Hood : dng loa che nng cho cc ng knh khng c loa hoc cc my nh P&S vv Ngoi ra cc hng sx cng ch to ra cc v dng filter cc loi v cc b chi ra filter tu theo vt liu ch to filter nh thu tinh hay nha tng hp vv

Tip, mo v cc lu khi s dng filter

Cc lu khi s dng filter :
1. Lun gn filter bo v thu knh ngoi 2. Khi s dng cc loi filter nh ND, Polarizers v Infrared: Khng o sng ch ma trn ( matrix ) nn s dng ch trng tm ( center ) hoc im ( spot ) Thit lp bc nhy EV l 1 ( mc nh trn my l 1/3 ) tng hiu qu Cc filter ny c c tnh cn quang nn tc phi sng s chm dng chn my 3. Khi la chn Polarizers filter nn coi k filter ny c ph hp vi my s digital

hay khng ? (Linear Polarizers Filter s khng cho php ly nt AF t ng v tnh cht o sng TTL) 4. Khng s dng macro flash ( n flash gn trc ng knh ) chung vi cc loi CPL, Linear Polar v cc loi filter lm bng nha. 5. B dy ca filter c th gy ra hin tng ti 4 gc ( Vignette ) la chn cc filter mng slim.

Mo dng filter c bc nh nh v nhng kinh nghim ca Nhip nh Gia s dng filter

1. Dng Polarizing filter loi b tia phn chiu :

Trong tnh hung chp nh m ch th trc hoc sau nhng vt th phn chiu ( knh, mt nc, bu tri trong xanh ) s dng Polar loi b tia phn chiu bng cch xoay filter theo hng vung gc vi tia phn chiu. 2. Dng GND ( Graduated Neutral Density filter ) chp nhng cnh m sai lch EV trn 2 vng nh cch bit

Trn 1 khung nh, nu c s chnh lch EV gia 2 vng nh, ta c th dng GND filter iu chnh nhm to ra bc nh hi ho v nh sng. Xoay GND filter chia i vng chnh lch, phn cn quang nm vng sng v phn khng cn quang vng ti. 3. Khi mt na bu tri xanh v thm c vng

Khi chp nh phong cnh m tin cnh l thm c vng, trung cnh l nhng cy c mu lc v hu cnh l bu tri xanh lnh, tng bo ho mu v lm nh tr nn mn mi, c th s dng Color Effect Filter - kiu Varicolor Blue / Yellow. Xoay phn mu lam ca filter v hng bu tri v mu vng v hng thm c.

4. Loi b tia phn x ln ch th, tng cng chia tit trong vng nh sng phn chiu

Khi bao cnh l vng tri xanh trong, c nhng vng my p. tng cng chi tit cho nhng m my v loi b i i phn phn chiu ca bu tri ln tin cnh. Dng Polarizing Filter chp bng cch xoay trc ca filter vung gc vi bu tri ( trong bc nh l 90 )

5. Nhn mnh b cc ng nh, tng cng bo ho mu vng

Trong bc nh trn tc gi Andrew Kime mun nhn mnh b cc dng ng cho mt bin v tng ho mu cho knh mu vng. u tin ng dng GND8 ( gim 3 stops ) t nghing theo hng bu tri, k tip dng ND2 ( gim 1 stop ) t nghing theo phn thm c. Phn khng cn quang chnh l ng mt nc. Cui cng ng pha thm cht mu vng vi warm 81B. Tt c cc 3

filters ny c t ln chung 1 holder. 6. Nhn mnh ng nt do chuyn ng

ND Filter l loi filter cn quang gip NAG gia tng thi lng phi sng, mc ch l gy n tng cnh ng. Trong bc nh gi cao im tc gi Oat Vaiyaboon s dng ND2 gim 1 stop gia tng chuyn ng v ng cng s dng thm GND4 nhn ti bu tri lm cho bc nh thm sinh ng. 7. Dng filter lm cho mt thm mn mng.

Nh tn sng, softer filter c th lm da mt c lng mn hn. y c th ni l cch nhanh nht to ra mt bc nh chn dung vi da mt hon ho, d nhn. C th s dng trong cc th loi nh qung co thi trang v cc loi m phm lm p 8. nh sng khng thy c i qua !

Vi bc sng nh sng 750nm, mt ngi hon ton khng thy c nhng sensor hoc phim u ghi nhn c. to ra mt nh phong cnh thin nhin k th vi nhng bc sng nh sng pha trc nh sng thy c ta c th dng phim Kodaks High Speed Infrared hoc cc loi Infrared Filter. Lu , cc filter ny s ra tone mu rt ti, khi chp nn a EV ln cao t nht l 1 stop ( nh minh ho c s dng PS chnh tone mu xanh cho my tri v tng sng cho nh )

Ht
vic chia s kinh nghim s dng filter thm hiu qu, rt ACE ng gp kin hoc chia s kinh nghim, hnh nh v filter vo trong bi vit. Hoan nghng tt c cc cu hi v cc thc mc ca ACE !!!! Bi vit do phantayho dch v bin son t B+W Filters Handbook , Cokin Creative system, Marumi Digital Pro General Filters v wikipedia . ng trong mc Trao i v cc loi my nh , thit b nhip nh, k thut trn din n nhip nh nikonvn. Xin cm n thy Nguyn c Thin ging vin nhip nh Hi NSNA Tp.HCM dnh thi gian gp , hiu chnh bi vit. Cm n cc bn thnh vin theo di.