1. .

(Concept Building)
? /
?
.
decline/decrease/reduce .
decline , decrease / , reduce .
They (reduced/declined) the price a little. ?
reduced

* 1 s + v
* 2 s + v + c

* 3 s + v + o
* 4 s + v + o + o
* 5 s + v + o + o.c
1.
1) 1 (s + vi)
(1) 1
# Profit margins declined greatly. .
The energy industry believe that the new measures will actually decline pollution. (X)
The energy industry believe that the new measures will actually decrease pollution. (O)
.

decline ~ . o
Mary declined his invitation to dinner. (O)

# They reacted positively to change. .

(tip) to +

against +

by +

The university reacted quickly to the proposals. .

Many young people reacted against traditional values. .
The government reacted immediately by increasing taxes. .

# He relies heavily on his employees suggestions. .

# Stem cells exist inside the teeth. .

# The same thing happened to me last year. .
(tip) take place, occur .

# The research budget will rise to $ 220,000. 22 .

(tip) rise-rose-risen . raise .

# The reports were lying on his desk. .

(tip) lie-lay-lain lay-laid-laid .
lie: (vi) , , lay (vt) ~ , .

# South Korean troops arrived safely in the Kurdish. .

(2) ~, , .
# graduate from sth, ~

EX) graduate from school

(tip) graduate sb: ~ . .

# complain to sb [of/about] sth, ~ ~ .

(tip) complain that + : ~ . that .

# interfere with sth, ~

(tip) disturb sb : disturb sth (X)
impede, hinder, hamper sb/sth .

# account for sth, ~ .

(tip) explain sth

# wait for sb/sth, ~ .

# dispose of sth, ~ . .
# deal with sth, ~ .
# subscribe to sth ~ .

2) 2 (s + vi + c)
(1) 2
# It will be a great opportunity. .
(tip) be

~ . ,

Vi +c

Vi

The restaurant is

She

is

near the building.

very busy now.

# Judy became anxious about her health. Judy .

# It seems (to be) a wise decision. .
(tip) seem appear appear 2 1 .
.
A man suddenly appeared behind a tree.

(2) 2
After returning from the long business trip, the overseas sales manager looked -----.
: , .
: . tiredly
. ?
? tired . ^^;;
?
, look 2 .
Q1: look ? ?
A1: . look ~ .
~
~ . look at sb/sth at .
(tip) look .
Take a good look at the photo. +

, look / ~ /~
2 .
Q3: look 2 ?
A3: ? . ^^
, look feel, smell, sound, taste . ~
/ , ~ / , ~ / , ~ /
. .

(tip) feel, smell, sound, taste .

She tasted the food while she cook it. .
, look look at sb/sth .

Look ~ .
~ 2 .
, stay remain .
2 , ~ / . 1
. , (=) .
The production of the factory remained steadily. (X)
The production of the factory remained steady. (O) .
(tip) stay remain 2 1 .
Stay (vi) , (n)
remain (vi) (n) ( remains) , ,
, .
I remained my umbrella in the classroom. (X)
I left my umbrella in the classroom. (O)

2.
1) 3 (s + v + o)
(2) 3
- , .
# discuss about sth, ~ (X)
(note) + + .

# describe about sb/sth, ~ . (X)

# join to sb/sth, ~ . . (X)
# reach to sth, ~ /. (X)
(tip) arrive at/in sth get to sth / . reach
.
reach for sth, ~ part1 .

# attend in sth, ~ /. (X)

(tip) attend , . attend to sb/sth .
go, participate, enroll . attend the seminar, go to the seminar,
participate in the seminar, enroll for the seminar

# resemble to/with sb ~ . (X)

# access to sth, ~ . (X)
# approach to sth, ~ . (X)
# contact with sb, ~ /. (X)
# exceed to/than/over sth, ~ . (X)
?
2) 4 (s + vt + I.O + D.O)
(1) 4
# They gave us T-shirts. .
# They will offer her a job. .
# I sent Mom flowers for Mother's Day. .
# Pass me the bottle. .
# We allow him $5,000 a month. 5 (=).
# I paid him $6 to cut the grass. 6 .
# Our president awarded the factory division a bonus. .
# Please, show me the way to U of Windsor. (=).
# The trainers teach them vocational skills. .
# Tom asked me questions about the accident. .
# Tell me something. .
# I will buy you lunch tomorrow then. .
# I made her new dress. .
# I wrote him a letter, but he didn't reply. .
# They will secure me 3 seats for the concerts. 3 .

note: + (=
+ ) 3 .
.
1)
He gave her the doll.
He gave the doll to her.
, to for of .
# make, buy, get + D.O + for I.O
Ill buy you lunch tomorrow.
Ill buy lunch for you tomorrow.

# ask + D.O + of + I.O

He asked me a question.
He asked a question of me.
2) (4 )
Give Mr. Chaplin it. (X)
Give it to Mr. Chaplin. (O)

?
, . . ^^;;
.
(2) 3
- explain (= I.O )
explain, announce, report, mention, say, suggest, return, recommend + sth + to sb
The manager explained me everything. (X) .
The manager explained everything to me. (O)
- inform (=D.O )
inform sth .
inform, notify, remind + sb + of/about sth
The mayor informed him the policy change. (X) .
The mayor informed him of/about the policy change. (O)

assure, convince + sb + of sth

alert sb to sth
They convinced us their honesty. (X) .
They convinced us of their honesty. (O)

brief + sb + on sth
congratulate +Sb +on/for + sth / ~ing
We briefed our president the current situation. (X) .
We briefed our president on the current situation. (O)
- provide (=I.O D.O )
provide, + sb + with sth provide + sth + to/for sb
The government cant provide them food. (X) .
The government cant provide them with food. The government provide food for them. (O)

supply, present entrust + sb + with sth present + sth + to sb

The mayor presented her a gold medal. (X) .

 The mayor presented her with a gold medal. The mayor presented a gold medal to her.
(O)

3) 5
.
My boss wanted that I sang a song. .
, ?
want + + . 3 .
. .
, want .
(tip) want . .

, ?
My boss wanted me to sing a song. .
: want + 5 .

~ / ?
to sing a song ? . . ^^
to sing .
(note) - -
, , .
1) ()
(= ) , , , , .
I like to read books in the morning. . ()
There was nobody to help me. . ()
He came here to help me. . ()
-,
? - , ,
. // .
2)
.
I like reading books in the morning. . ()
3)
. ~ing ~ed .
You will see a sleeping boy there. .
I have a copy of the revised memo. .

to sing - a song .
, ?
,
, .

 5
. .
(1) 5
<1>
make, have, let + + ()
I had him mail the letter. .
(tip) to-v to .
(= .)
. to- .

get + + (to-)
I got him to mail the letter. .

help + + (to- or )
I helped him mail the letter. .
I helped him to mail the letter. .
<2>
want, ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, urge, require, request, invite, inform, notify, remind + +
(to)
I asked him to mail the letter. .
<3>
see, hear, feel, watch, notice + + ( or )
I saw him mail/mailing the letter. .
(tip) notice / .
notice: (n) (), (vt) () .
, notice notify.

<4>
enable, encourage, expect, cause, allow + + (to)
I expected him to mail the letter. .
(tip) enable sb .
I enabled him to mail the letter. (X)
The loan enabled me to buy the house. (O) .

2)
.
I have my shirts be washed. .

 I wanted my shirts to be washed. .

I saw my shirts be washed/being washed. .
? be, to be, being
.
I have/wanted/saw my shirts washed.
(tip) .
) Mr. Chaplin wanted her ------.
(A) fired
(B) fire
(C) to fire
(D) firing
: (A)
: .
: - . to- to fire
. . , fired to be
. , /
. (=) (=)
. I fired him = He was fired by me.

, , be, to be, being

.
think, elect, name, call, consider, keep, find, leave, make + + ( or )
We consider him (to be) a hero. .
He made me happy. .
I left the car unattended for about a month. .
He found his math class difficult. .
, know, understand, choose, believe 5 to be
.
We know him honest. (X) .
We know him to be honest. (O)
5 .

100% .

. ? ^^

 .
( )
Graduate from sth,
Complain to sb of/about sth,
Interfere with sth,
Account for sth,
Wait for sb/sth,
Dispose of sth,
Deal with sth

( )
Discuss sth,
Describe sb/sth,
Join sb/sth,
Reach sth,
Attend sth,
Resemble sb,
Access sth,
Approach sth,
Contact sb,
Exceed sth

Graduate,
Account,
Wait,
Deal

/
Join,
Reach,
Access,
Approach,
Contact

- 1
Decline,
React,

Rely,
Exist,
Happen,
Rise,
Lie,
Arrive

- 2
Be,
Became,
Seems,
Appear

2
1. stay, remain +
2. look, feel, smell, sound, taste +

4
Give,

award,

Send,

show,

Pass,

teach,

Allow,

ask,

Pay,

tell,

Tell,

buy,

Make,

write,

Secure,

offer,

3
1. explain (= I.O )
explain, announce, report, mention, say, suggest, return + sth + to sb
2. inform (=D.O )
1) inform, notify, remind + sb + of/about sth
2) assure, convince + sb + of sth
3) brief + sb + on sth
3. provide (=I.O D.O )
1) provide + sb + with sth provide, supply + sth + to/for sb
2) supply, present + sb + with sth present + sth + to sb

 5
1.
1) make, have, let + + ()
2) get + + (to-)
3) help + + (to- or
2.
want, ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, urge, require, request, invite, inform, notify, remind + + (to
)
3.
see, hear, feel, watch, notice + + ( or )
4.
enable, encourage, expect, cause, allow + + (to)

vs. +
1. +
, want, tell, persuade, invite, inform, notify, remind, encourage, enable, cause, allow
2. & +
, ask, order, advise, urge, require, request, expect

+ + (be/being/to be) p.p