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) (

Brain drain of Arab causes and consequences


) (Iraq model

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INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 14

~ ~ 11


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................................................... 79 8 1990 2003
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.............................. 121 15 2004 / 2003
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........................130 17 1996
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...............141 21 ) 1982 2003 (.
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................................................................... 192 35 2007 2006
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...............203 37 ) ( 96 / 95
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~ ~ 13

Brain drain of Arab causes and consequences


(Iraq model)

Introduction
The wealth of nations cannot be used without the best use of human, as creatures of God, who
gave him the functions of learning, analysis and conclusion, and inference. That man cannot
be used and the functions of fungal elements without prior knowledge of the hypotheses and
the results came here it was great interest in human resources to create innovative and creative
minds.
Human resources play a key role in the communities of the paper during the continuous flow
of knowledge production, which in turn reflected the high rates of development in all fields
covered by the humanitarian aspects of economic, social, political and cultural. Without such
care, which must be attached to the benefit of human resource investments is to talk about the
evolution of human societies is a non-sense.
We have sought the advanced countries in the world today in the way of control and influence
over the vast areas of the developing world. Is not direct military influence as in the periods of
colonialism, but it was the direct influence of the will of peoples to gain a more indirectly
through government-specific way or the other, where the convergence of interests in common
denominators. These kinds of colonialism always need the knowledge and technical
excellence.
In order to ensure their working knowledge and technical excellence, it still worked on the
revitalization of all the means that would enable them to upgrade their creativity by attracting
qualified scientists from different parts of the ground using all means and ways to accomplish
this goal. This was reflected in the adoption of the policy of major media and propaganda in
order to attract creative people into the society and from different countries of the world,
whether developing or developed.
The strength of the economy today, measured the quality of human resources, efficiency and
good use. Hence, the concept of human resource development is floating on the surface and
attracts attention. The human resource is one of the most important factors of economic and
social progress. The Human resources are equipped, as the tools used by society to evaluate
the course of economic development and put them in the right direction
Human presence in the thinker and the world society is a factor of strength and an important
pillar in the economic construction and the knowledge of his country. And to maintain this
element of loss, damage and destruction is a matter of urgency, and must use all necessary
means to maintain it and that causes the absence of decreasing the size of the skill of the

~ 14 ~

knowledge society, which leads to a sharp decline in the degree of development of society and
thus the gradual loss of political independence and moral integrity.
That the economic resources that abound in the developing world, including the Arab
countries is a large and diverse in terms of quantity and quality of that region was still the
status of polarization of the colonial world that was and is still on the resources and economic
wealth, which constitute the basic motivation for the further economic development in their
countries.
Bear the burden the new world order not to attract plenty of qualified scientists is no doubt
which of the perceived interests of human beings on the other side of the world as a human
entities deserve to live up to the levels enjoyed by the developed world. In spite of
conferences and symposia held under the guise of eliminating the disparities between the rich
and the poor world, but that these seminars and studies to the unending nothing compared to
the size and breadth of the gap between worlds, a result of the policies of the new
globalization in the exploitation of the wealth of peoples and harnessed for the benefit of their
economies without having to worry about the size of the damage caused by the levels
education and services within those communities that are the poorest.
This study is another effort by serious attempts to extrapolate these signs of migration,
presentation and analysis of the causes and identify effective means to reduce the brain drain
and the drain of scientific societies, which were abandoned or intentionally left behind
without have a great deal of failure and retreat in the areas of science and research knowledge.
As well as there are a large accumulations in the size of the gap of knowledge and technical
separation between the developed and developing countries. From here we have found that it
is appropriate to research in this crucial aspect, study and analyze the reality of the damage
being inflicted on the result of developing our societies to increase the number of migration of
skills and the Arab people to abroad where it is supposed to perform their duty to their
communities and develop the capacities of their economies and thus help to raise standards of
social welfare and production of their art, which is later than others in the progress and
prosperity.

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1982

4730

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15204

1983

4212

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12937

1984

3488

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18672

1985

3185

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27139

1986

3157

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43187

1987

2003

1998

41516

31 " "
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.
~ ~ 141

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2350

1999

36560

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3901

2000

47184

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13473

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50763

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11629

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51005

1992

17658

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5530

560

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36430

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1,1133

1,4

3,8

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1,2184

28,0

32,9

4,0

20,0

1992

1,2501

11,4

27,7

5,4

19,9

2,8

4,7

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645,0

4,9

24,0

35,5

20,0

3,1

9,3

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613,0

2,7

18,0

36,3

6,7

20,0

3,6

14,4

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595,5

3,3

13,0

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579,2

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26,8

8,2

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20,6

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570,8

0,7

5,7

21,1

8,0

1,6

5,1

25,4

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530,6

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5,4

19,4

6,6

1,7

6,0

22,3

1999

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510,0

0,6

5,4

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1,8

6,4

19,4

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9,8

386,0

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.

.

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317993 297292 20701
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14743

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14 1958 1956
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.

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.
.




.
.


.



. 52




/ 1990 .

.
) .( 95

52 .
.
~ ~ 172

)(% 25
1997 ) (%20 .1991
1988 2006
:
29

198
8

46.9%

199
3

50.2%

53

% 61.7 100
2
200
5

% 43.8


.1990
15 % 20 .

.
.
.


1993
1993 ..

.1990/1991
3500 1990 761 1993) .
.( 96

53

: 12 13 2007.
~ ~ 173



%90 90 .
.

.

1999.
30

199
0

96.859

199
1

947.974

9.8

199
4

1576.19
4

16.4

199
8

1910.30
8

19.7





. 2001-2002
%45

.
.

( 97 ) .

) (
.
~ ~ 174




.
% 18 .( 98 ) .%45






.
7







"

" .
" " % 90


.
300 1991.

1991

1500 1990 % 90
7
416

250 . 1991
%70
1.5 .
2002
. 126
25 33
68
~ ~ 175

31 25
8 4 .
250 300


.
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"
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54


300
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.






.



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) (
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2002

.

54

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~ ~ 176


"
" "
" " .


.





.
.( 99 ) .55
2002 %22.6
1990 1998 .

2000 %83.8 % 61

1970
.



0.581 1980 0.751 1990
76
0.581 1998
126 174
47
139 )( 110
111
/ . 2003


2003 ) (2.2
).
.( 100

55

24 , 89 :

89 " . ".
24 " "
. 15 ".
~ ~ 177

~ 178 ~

~ ~ 179









.
.

.

"
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" 56
.
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.
.


.


.

.


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56


~ ~ 180

.


.



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. .
:
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).
.( 101



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2003 .
.


2003 .
2002 " " 58 " ) (
"
:
".

57" . " - -
.
58

" ".
~ ~ 181

- - 15 "
" " .59 "
" 60 " " " 1993


".

"


1990 1999 1215
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112
14
.

) (1441

.
52

: "


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.

.

.
500


,


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. " "

59

2003.

60

.
~ ~ 182

"
.



.


.

~ ~ 183


.

.
.
42464 1957 31000
. % 74 25897 .( 102 ).1965


" "
2003 . ).
.( 103

31
61

61

1982

4730

1995

18672

1983

4212

1996

27139

1984

3488

1997

43187

1985

3185

1998

41516

1986

3157

1999

36560

1987

2003

2000

47184

1988

2350

2001

50763

1989

3901

2002

51005

1990

13473

2003

24700

: 16 - 2007 -.
~ ~ 184

1991

11629

2004

10883

1992

17658

2005

13613

1993

15204

2006

22155

1994

12937

2007



) (


.
) , , ( :

32

1982

4730

% 17

1983

4212

% 15.5

1984

3488

% 12.9

1985

3185

% 11.6

1986

3157

% 11.6

1987

2003

% 7.4

1988

2350

% 8.6

1989

3901

% 14.4

~ ~ 185

27026


% 100

33

1990

13473

% 3.4

1991

11629

%3

1992

17658

% 4.5

1993

15204

% 3.9

1994

12937

% 3.3

1995

18672

% 4.8

1996

27139

%7

1997

43187

% 11

1998

41516

% 10.7

1999

36560

% 9.4

2000

47184

% 12

2001

50763

% 13

2002

51005

% 13

386927

% 100

34
~ ~ 186

2003

24700

% 34.6

2004

10883

% 15.25

2005

13613

% 19

2006

22155

% 31

2007

71351







.

2004 .
2001 .
.

: 16 /2007 - .

~ ~ 187


2007 2006 37


.62

35 2007 2006

63

2006

2007

21950

43967

65917

14718

17773

32491

6406

13314

19720

7588

11035

18623

9886

7973

17859

8830

8902

17232

3608

5369

8977

2842

1808

4650


21 . 100
"
"
) .( 104

)COMPETE
(AMERICA

62 2006 2007
37 .
http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/STATISTICS/47daae862.pdf :
63

. - 2007.
~ ~ 188

64 H-IB


.

31
" ",
450

.
7350 1991 1998 .

4.2
.( 105 ) 1995-1991

:
.1

. %3,3 1977 %2 1995 - 1990
%5 %1,4 .1997-1977
650000 %7
1995-1990 %32 .

%3,80 1977 %2,97 2004
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.2




.

:

64
. .
20 2007.
~ ~ 189



.
.

.
)
(
.
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1998
) (%47.4 1995
) (%33.4 ) % ) 16.6


.
.3

.







.
65

65

.
~ ~ 190

.



- -
.( 107 ) .
.4
.


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.


.

.


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) (
336 .

.
100 4 .
~ ~ 191

.5


.



.

" " .66
"


.
- -


67
.



.


.


45,000

1989
140,000 . . 68
17500
66
. .
67

68 ,


.

.
~ ~ 192

7500 4550,45
1125 3452,45
. . %304
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.



150


.



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.





.
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~ ~ 193




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~ ~ 194





.



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.










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~ ~ 195



.
.

.
:
:



.
.
.



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:
=
= .

6

.
=

=
=
+
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~ ~ 196


3

) (
. :

:
=
.
=
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+
= ++

:
=
.
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= +
+ +
.
= + + + .



:


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. :
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.
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= +
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= + + + + .

:

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4.
6.
5.

:
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+ + .
= + + + + + .

:
=
.
= .
= +
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+ + +
.
= + + + + + + .
~ ~ 198

:
=
.
= .
= +
+ +
+ + +
+ .
= + + + + + + +
.




.
69 2004

) 1995 1996 ( :

36
) 1995 1996 (.

80965

154960

4958

3546

244429


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37
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69

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70 21
.
~ ~ 199


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157,7

* 2,270

358,000

71


.

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(

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72

71 ) / , , ( .
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,
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.
72 ) ( ...
3500 6
3 3
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.
~ ~ 200

) (

1750

1135


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2270

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74

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5500

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7500

73

3
2


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73
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74 ) 4 (
) 6 ( ) 5
( . 5 ) ( .
75

.
~ ~ 201











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..

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.


.


76
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.
76 "
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:
http://www.ao-academy.org/wesima_articles/aou_articles-20050613-97.html
~ ~ 202


:
:
) 17500 (.
) 7500 (.
) 25000 (.
39

375

500

150

150

)
(

300

300

150

150

15

15

150

150


5 30

120

120

30

150

44

54

~ ~ 203

1154

1589

: "
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:
:


.
.
:

.



.

.
.

.
17500 5

~ ~ 204


7 3 4 :
=

) ( = 12 1154 = 13848
.
= ) 5 13848 1211700000 = ( 17500
) ( = 12 1589 = 19068
.
= ) 7 19068 1001070000 = ( 7500


:
= = 17500 3 5500 =
288750000.



:
= = 281250000 = 7500 5 7500

:



" " .

.

.
.

.
.
~ ~ 205

.1


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.

.
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.

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5 .
.

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:

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5


7
. ) ( 5
) ( 7.



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( +
+
+ .
= ) 17500 ) + ( 1211700000 3 5500 ( )} +
( 3 1750 17500 ) + ( 3 1750 17500 ) + ( 6 750 17500
=78 ( 0 ) + ( 17500 3 5500) + {( 5 2270 17500 ) + 77
2250,325,000.


) ( = )
( +
+
+ .
= )( 3 1750 7500) + ( 6 750 7500 )} + ( 1001070000
7500 3 5500) + {( 5 2270 7500) + 79 ( 3 1750 7500) +
( 1603695000 = 80 ( 0 ) + ( 7500 5 7500 ) +.
( 5 2270 17500) + ( 3 1750 17500) + ( 3 1750 17500) + ( 6 750 17500 ) 77
17500 .
78

( 5 2270 7500 ) + ( 3 1750 7500 ) + ( 3 1750 7500 ) + ( 6 750 7500 ) 79


7500 .
80

.
~ ~ 207



.
.



"
"
.



.


.

" "

.



.

.


.
17500 7500
. 4550.45 1125
3452.45
%304.5
.




.
:
~ ~ 208

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81 "
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81


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.
~ ~ 209





.
:82
40

25

.83

150

300

30 50 ,

900
1200

25
17500 7500
25 .
:


= .
:
= 1200 = 900 + 300
= } +
{ .
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5 7500 ({= 570,000,000 .
82
.
83

.
~ ~ 210

25000:
= 8
30= 240 .84
= ) 5 240 4 12( =57600
.
25000 = 1440000000 = 25000 57600
.
= ) 1200 ( 1440 +570 = 810 .
= ) (
. 100
= ) .% 67,5 = 100 (1200 810

% 67.5
) (
25000
.

.


:

84

.
~ ~ 211

5000
4000
3853

810

3000
2000
1000

1200

0
25000
25000
1


. .








.

.


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~ ~ 212

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.( 110 ).


.
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( 111


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.

.

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.3



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.
~ ~ 214



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:

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( {.

41

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.7


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.
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.

.

.
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.

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~ ~ 217


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.
.( 112 ) .

~ ~ 218

~ ~ 219





.

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.

.

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:
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.
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.


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.

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~ ~ 230

) (
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.
) (
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.

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.



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.



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:

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~ ~ 235








. :




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2003 .
.



.




.



.


.

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~ ~ 236




.


.

~ ~ 237

.1 , ,
, ,
2000 ,..2 , , ) (,
, 2002.
.3 , , , ,
2004 ,.
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, , 2007 ,.
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2008 ,.
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.8 , 47 ,73 .
.9 , .
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( , ) ( , ,29
, 2006.
.11 , , ) , , ,
, , 1994.
.12 , , ) ( ,
, .
.13 , , ,
, , 14 2004.
~ ~ 238

.14 , , .
.15 , , ) , , (,
, 1992 ,.
.16 , , .
, , ,
.
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.18 , , , ,
) ( , .2007-8-2 ,1176
.19 , , ,
, , 2005-3-11 ,.
.20 , , , .
.21 , , ,
)

( , , 2002.
.22 ) , 2005 ( ,
2006.
.23 , , , , 15 ,
2007 8.
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. www.uis.unesco.org
HU

UH

.25 , , 2002.
.26 ,2007 , ,
2006 ,.
.27 , , , ,

- ,GCP/SYR/006/ITA
2003 ,.
.28 , ,
,
2007 , ,
www.unfpa.org/ :
UH

HU

.29 2007 , .
~ ~ 239

.30 , ,
.
,
,2005 6 ( 16 14 ) ,.
.31 , , ,
, ( 23 19 ) , 2005.
.32 , , ,
,1990 ,.
.33 , ,
1997 , -13 .173
.34 ,2007 ,
, . 96
.35 , 29 ,
2004.
.36 , ,
) ,
2003 6 ( 28 23 ,.
.37 2005 , , ,
2005.
.38 2005 , .
.39 , , .
.40 , , , .1972 ,
.41 , ,
, 2007 10 23.
.42 , , , , ,
104 2004-11 26.
.43 , , , )
,( 260 , -.
.44 , , .
.45 , , ,
, ,.

~ ~ 240

.46 , , ,
:
.http://www.doroob.com/ , 22 3 2007
.47 ) ( , , . 2000
.48 , , , , 152
, 155 .2000 ,
.49 , , , ,
, 8 4 , /
1985 .
.50 , ,
,
2005.
.51 , , , ,
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.52 , , : , , , 2131
. 2007 - 4 - 17 ,
.53 , , : , , ,
26 , 10286 .2007
.54 , , , ,
, , 8 , / . 2005
.55 , , .. , ,
, 19 , 9792 . 2005
.56 , , , ,
, .2006 1 24 ,
.57, , .
.58 , ,
, , . 2000
.59 , 15 , 2007
.2007
.60 , , ,
, , 2004.
.61, ,
, ,
, , 2 2007.
~ ~ 241

.62 , ,
,
.
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.64 ) ( , 2008 - 4 11 ,.
.65 , , ) ( , , , 156
2008 3 11 ,.
.66
2003 2004 / , 2005
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.67 2003 2004,
,
2005.
.68 , , , ,
14 2006.
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, .
.71 , , , , 10 2 ,
2007.
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8 , 2007.
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,jalili.com/CONTENT/Public/Doc1/IraqiAcademics_60611.pdf ,
14 2007.
.76 , , ,,
2007 12 22 ,2137.

~ ~ 242

.77 , ,
, , 2007.
.78 , , ) 1 ,(2
, 2007 8 13 ,.
.79 ,, .
.80 , , .
.81 2003 2004,
,
2005.
.82 , , "
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2007.
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.
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) (,
2004 12 7 ,.
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.90 , ,
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.91 ,

.1995
.92 , /
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~ ~ 243

.93 , , ,
, 12 , 13 2007.
.94 .1975
.95 , .
.96 , ,.
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.98 , , ,
,
17 18 2008
,
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2000.
.100 , ,
, 18 , 30
2005 , ,
.
.101 , , , ,
17 ,
2007 6.
.102 , , -
, 1980 .
.103 16 -2007 -.
.104 -
, .2006 10 -138
.105 24 -
2006.
.106 , , .
.107 , :
, 4 . 2008.
.108 , , , ,
, .
~ ~ 244

.109 , , .
.110 , , ,
2007 4 20 , 34.
.111 , , ,
2007 6 10 , , .
.112 , .

~ ~ 245


Conway, G.R., and Barbier, E.B., 1990. After the Green Revolution:
. Sustainable Agriculture for Development. London: Earthscan: pp. 16- 26

~ 246 ~

) , 2005 (
2006.

, )
( , - , 2006 ,
. www.uis.unesco.org

2002.

2007 ) (
2006.



2007.

1997
.

2007
. 96

, , -29 ,
2004.

,
,
) ( 28 23 2003 ,.

2005
2005.

) ( , , . 2000

, 15 , 2007
.2007


2003 2004 / , 2005
.

" " ,
17 2007.

HU

UH

~ ~ 247

2007.

2006
.

/ .2001

~ ~ 248





. :



1996 1997 /

.
:

=
==.0=20

=
= = 244429 750 1099,930,500 = 6
.
= +

= + = 1099930500 + 0 .
:
= .
= = 244429 1750 1,283,252,250= 3
.
= +
+
= + + = = 1283252250+ 1099930500 + 0
2,383,182,750 .
:
= .
~ ~ 249

= = 244429 1750 1,283,252,250 = 3


.
= +
+ +
.
= + + + = +1283252250 + 1099930500 + 0
3666435000 = 1283252250



=
.
= = 183790550 = 2 1135 80965
= +
) ( + )
( + ) ( +
.
=
= + + + + .
= + ( 1750 80965) + ( 1750 80965) + ( 750 80965 ) + 0
386364980 = 183790550
:
= .
= = 154960 2270 1788796000 =5
.
=
+ ) ( +
) ( + )
( +
.
= + + + + = ( 6 750 154960 ) + 0
= 1788796000 + ( 3 1750 154960 ) + ( 3 1750 154960 ) +
4113196000 .
~ ~ 250

:
:
=
.
= = 81807000 = 4958 3 5500

=
+ ) ( +
) ( + )
( + )
( + 85 ) ( +
.
= + + + + + + .
= 1750 4985 ) + ( 3 1750 4985 ) + ( 6 750 4985 ) + 0
( 5 2270 4985 ) + ( 3
) + (
213161750 = 81807000 + 86 .
:
=
.
= = 132975000 = 3546 5 7500

= +
) ( +
) ( + )
( + )
( + ) ( +
) ( +
.
= + + + + + + + .
85

.
- .
86

.
~ ~ 251

= 3 3546 ) + ( 1750 3 3546 ) + ( 750 6 3546 ) + 0


) + ( 1750
(= 132975000 + ( 5500 3 3546 ) + (2270 5 3546 ) + 87
284921100 .



:

80965

154960

4958

3546

244429

3863649
80

41131960
00

2131617
50

2849211
00

49976438
30



) (


. " "

.

87

.
~ ~ 252

~ ~ 253

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