-2

Steel.King /

izhiyo

volume

2009 EFEnglish First

output

EF 400
take

GRE

absent-minded 2009

mentor

8000-10000

8000-10000

2010 -3-2
3

Abase ['beis] vt.

... ...

A Man Who Uses Bad Language Will Only Abase Himself.

a,base

Abandon['bndn] n.

vt.

If you say that someone does something with abandon, you mean that they behave in a wild, uncontrolled way and do not
think or care about how they should behave.

They abandon themselves to drinking.

He has spent money with gay abandon.

a band = bind = on ,

Band
- Bind/baind/ vt.
- Bond/bnd/ vt. n. adj.
- Bund/bund/ n.

Sing-

sang -

sungaiu

water - wet - sweat aeea

bend v., bent n., bow n.,, v.,
Heal

v.()

river n.,

hale a.

rove v., ramble v.

heap n., hip n.

abridge

[brid] vt.

This is an abridged edition of "war and peace".

abridgment [bridmnt]n.
a bridge

7 240 343 320

Abstract

[' bstr kt, b'str kt]

n.
adj.
vt.
vi.

Some people say beauty itself is abstract.

to abstract juice from an orange

tract drag

abstract v a. abs +tract

adstraction n
attract v ar +tract
attraction n attract+ion
attractive a attract+ive
contract n v. (con +tract[])
contraction n
detract v de +tract
detraction n
detractor n detract +or
distract v dis +tract[]
distracted a
extract v ex +tract
extraction n
protract v pro +tract
protractile a protract+ile
retract v re +tract
retraction n
subtract v sub +tract
tractor n tract+or
tract n
tractctble a tract+adle[]
5

abolish

[bli] vt. ol = old

There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished

ol old ab ol ish

ish
Publish ['pbli]
Punish ['pni]

vt. vi.

pub public

vt. vi. pun pan pain

Diminish [di'mini]

vt. vi. de mini

accommodate ['kmdeit] vi.

vt.

commode - make fit (commode [k'mud] n. )

The hotel can accommodate 500 tourists. 500
You will have to accommodate yourself to the changed situation.
mod=mode,manner,
modest a mod+est
modesty n modest+y)
moderate a moder[=mod]+ate
remodel v re +mod+el
modify v mod+ify
modification n modify+ic+ation)
modulate v mod+ulate
accommodate v ac+com +mod+ate
commodious v (com +mod +ious)
commodity n com +mod+ity
outmoded a out +mod+ed

accompany [kmpni] vt.

... vi.

ac com pan bread

Lightning usually accompanies thunder.

He accompanied his speech with gestures.
Her mother accompanied her on the piano.
Pan
Panada [p'n:d]n.
Pantry ['p ntri] n.
Company ['kmpni]n. vi. vt.
Companion [km'p njn]n. vt.
Companionship [km'p njnip] n.
6

Accord

[k:d]n.

vt. vi.

Our information does not accord with his reports.

ac cord core core heart cord heart
cord = core = heart
cordial cardial
cordiality cordial+ity
cordiform record re cord
concord con cord
discord
discordance
accord
accordian

Acclaim ['kleim]
vt.
n.
vi.

The crowd acclaimed the winners.

The movie drew endless acclaim from the audience.
ac to claim cry

claim = cry
Claim [kleim] vt.;; n.,; The government would not even consider his claim for money.
Claimant ['kleimnt]n. ant accountantservantassistant
Clamorous [klmrs] a.

The meeting began to become clamorous.

Declaim [dikleim]v. de-

Disclaim [diskleim]vt.

He disclaim the ownership of the dog.

Exclaim [ikskleim]v. She exclaimed at the beautiful view.

Proclaim [prkleim]vt. The president proclaimed that a new currency would be issued.
Reclaim [rikleim]vt.(),,
Reclaimable adj.
Reclaimant

Accustom

['kstm]

vt.

custom A custom is an activity, a way of behaving, or an event which is usual or traditional in a

particular society or in particular circumstances. Ac custom

customs
We had to get accustomed to the new working conditions.
You must learn to accustom yourself to hard work.
7

adapt [dpt] vt.(),

vi.(to)

He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.

The author is going to adapt his play for television.
a

adept [dept]a.

n.

Helen is adept in music and her husband is adept in drawing.

They are adept at giving the customer more than he or she expects .

adeptus
adeptus
attain 17 adeptus
adeptus adept

adept e do something skillfully

Adopt [dpt] vt.(,),

We should adopt the consumers' suggestion.
As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan.
The plan was adopted after some discussion.
adopt oo ok

Adjust ['dst]
vt.
vi.
ad just ...

We should adjust our watch to local time.

How to adjust oneself bad mood?
How do you adjust yourself to a new place?

Advocate [' dvkeit, ' dvkt]

vt. n.

I don't advocate doing such things.

He is an advocate of this project.
8

ad voc voicevoice

voc voice =
Vocation [vu'kein] n.
Convoke [kn'vuk] vt.
Equivocal [i'kwivkl] adj.
Equivocate [i'kwivkeit] vi.
Evoke [i'vuk] vt.
Invoke [in'vuk] vt.
Provoke [pru'vuk] vt.
Revoke [ri'vuk] vt.

Adore ['d:]
vt. []
vi.

The boys adore their mothers.

She adores visiting museums.

Affirm ['f:m]
vt.
vi.

He affirmed himself to be right.

I affirm that what he said is true.
af add f affirm ...

firm
Confirm [kn'f:m] vt.
Infirm [in'f:m] adj.
Infirmary [in'f:mri] n.

Allot [lt] vt.

allotal lot lot
Each speaker is allotted ten minutes. 10
We were allotted a house to live in.
How much cash has been allotted?

Alternate [

:lt:neit] a. v.()

We alternate in doing the housework.

According to the weather forecast, there will be a week of alternate rain and sunshine.
alter-otherate n next

Analyze [' nlaiz]

vt. analyse

We have to analyze and solve problems.,.

we tried to analyze the cause of our failure.
1580s, "resolution of anything complex into simple elements" (opposite of synthesis), from M.L. analysis, from Gk. analysis "a
breaking up," from analyein "unloose, release, set free," from ana "up, throughout" + lysis "a loosening," from lyein "to unfasten" (see lose). Psychological
sense is from 1890. Phrase in the final (or last) analysis (1844), translates Fr. en derni
re analyse.

Ana lyze loose

Appall [p:l]vt.ap- to

pall pale

I am appalled at his mistakes.

The enemy was appalled at our attack.
ap pall pale...

Apply ['plai]
vt.
vi.

10

ap ply plait
...

I want to apply for the job.

The club applied the rules to new members only.

Appreciate ['pri:ieit]
vt.
vi.

I appreciate your help very much.

Rents have been unreasonably appreciated.
You can't appreciate English poetry unless you understand its cultrue.,
ap prec price......

Prais, preci= value,

appraise v ap +praise
appraisal n appraise+al)
precious a prec+ious
appreciate v ap+prec+iate
appreciative a appreciate+ive)
appreciable a ap+prec+iable
depreciate v de +prec+iate
depreciation n depreciate+ion)

Assess ['ses] vt.

She look at the house and assess its market value.
As-sess sit
1934
early 15c., "to fix the amount (of a tax, fine, etc.)," from Anglo-Fr. assesser, from M.L. assessare "fix a tax
upon," originally frequentative of L. assessus, pp. of assidere "to sit beside" (and thus to assist in the office of a judge), from ad- "to"
+ sedere "to sit." One of the judge's assistant's jobs was to fix the amount of a fine or tax. Meaning "to estimate the value of property
for the purpose of taxing it" is from 1809; transf. sense of "to judge the value of a person, idea, etc." is from 1934.

Assimilate ['simileit]
vt.
vi.

What we eat is assimilated into our systems.

We assimilated many new experience on our European trip.
The USA has assimilated people from many different countries.
11

as tosimil similarate ...

Simil, simul, sembl =alike,same ,

similar a
similarity n similar +ity)
simile [simili] n
assimilate v as +simil+ate
dissimilar a dis +similar
dissimilation n dis+simil+ation)
simulate v simul+ate
simulation n wimulate+ion)
simultaneous a simult++aneous[]
simultaneity n simult+aneity)
semblance n sembl+ance
assemble v as +semble[]
dissemble v dis +semble
resemble v re +semble
resemblan n resemble+ance)

Assure ['u]
vt.

She assured us not to worry.

She assured me that she would not be late.
as sure

12

B
Bend [bend]
vt.
vi.
n.

He bent the bar into the right shape.

She can't bend him to her will.
B...

Bet

[bet]

n.
vt.
vi.

I bet he'll be late.

She bet me $100. 100
bet you have an answer..
beat

betray [bi'trei]
vt.

She betrayed her friends.

He betrayed my trust in him.

Blame ['bleim]
vt.
n.

Don't blame me for the delay.

Why do you always blame your failure on others?
We are to blame rather than they.,
blame

13

Blend [blend]
vt.
vi.
n.

Blend the milk and eggs together.

Oil and water do not blend.
blend b, lend,

Bless [bles] vt.

God bless you.()
Bless me ( you, him )!()!!!
On this day, people always bless each other.

boast [bust]
vt.
n.
vi.

She boasted of her family's wealth.

He boasted that he was the best swimmer in the city.
boast best e oa

breathe [bri:]
vi.
vt.

Breathe the clear mountain air!!

Don't breathe a word of this to anyone.

Breed [bri:d]
vi.
vt.
n.

Rabbits breed quickly.

She bred her daughter to become a statesman.
eed br br- birth

14

brighten ['braitn]
vi.
vt.

White paint will brighten the room.

He brightened up when they said he could go with them.
bright en
-en ...
Darken ['d:kn] vt. vi.
Heighten ['haitn] vt. vi.
Sharpen [':pn] vt. vi.
Weaken ['wi:kn] vt. vi.
Worsen ['wsn] vi. vt.

Bury ['beri]
vt.

She buried face in the pillow.

He felt lonely after he buried his good friend.,
burying ground [ burying-place]

15

C
Cancel ['k nsl]
vt.
vi.
n.

They decided to cancel the dinner party.

Please cancel the words which are useless.
His strong points and weak points cancel out.

communicate [k'mju:nikeit]
vi.
vt.

We learn a language in order to communicate.

I hope to communicate more with you everyday..
Shool children often communicate colds to each other.
He communicated the whole story to me.
commun commonic ate
late 14c., from O.Fr. communicacion, from L. communicationem (nom. communicatio), from communicare "to share, divide out; impart, inform; join, unite,
participate in," lit. "to make common," from communis (see common).

compare

[kmpe] vt.(towith)(to) vi.

Compare this with that, and you will see which is better.
,
This view is beyond compare.

com pare fair

pare
1 Equal
2 Prepare
3 Appear
4 Give birth to

1 Equal

Parity [priti]n.
Compare [kmpe]vt.(towith)(to) vi.
Comparable [kmprbl]a.(withto)
Comparability [ kmpr'bilti] n.
Comparison [kmprisn]n.
Disparate [disprit]a.
Disparity [dispriti]n.
Imparity [im'prti] n.

16

Peer [pi]n. vi.

Peerless [pils]a.
Umpire [mpai]n. v.

2 Prepare

Apparatus [preits]n.
Prepare [prip]v.
Preparatory [priprtri]a. n.
Repair [rip]n. vt.()
Reparable [reprbl]a.
Separate [sepreit]a. v.
Separation [seprein]n.

3 Appear
Appear [pi]vi.,;,
Appearance [pirns]n.,,,,
Apparent [prnt]a.,;,
Apparition [prin]n.
Transparent [trnspernt]a.

4 Give birth to
Parent [prnt]n.
Parentage ['perntid] n.
Biparous ['biprs] adj.
Multiparous [ml'tiprs] adj.

connect

[knnekt]vt. vi.

This railway connects London and Edinburgh.

We connect the word "blue" with the color of the sky.

""
Connect me with Taipei, please.

This wire connects with that one.

con nect netnet connect

control [kntrul]n.

vt.

You must learn to control your temper.

She is skillful enough to control the machine now.

17

contra counter Rol

roll wheel
early 14c., "to check, verify, regulate,"
from Anglo-Norm. contreroller "exert authority," from M.L. contrarotulus "a counter, register," from L. contra- "against" (see
contra) + rotulus, dim. of rota "wheel" (see roll).

calculate

[klkjuleit]vt.

He calculated the costs very carefully.

I calculate they will soon arrive.

calc ul ate calc

chalk calculate

calc=stone

calculate v calc+ulate
calcfy n calc+ify
recalcitrant a re +|calc+itrant
calcium n (cale+ium alu-minium

clarify

[klrifai]vt.

He clarified his stand on the issue.

My mind was clarified on this issue.

ify clar clearClear

e

ify
Classify [klsifai]vt.
Simplify [simplifai]vt.
Purify [pjurifai]vt.

combine

[km'bain]

v.
n.
We can't always combine work with pleasure.

We are going to combine the three departments soon.

com bine bi- bicyclebi-cycle combine

18

compel [kmpel]vt.

pel push

They often compelled us to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.

The heavy rain compelled us to stay indoors.

Pel,puls= drive, push,

compel v com +pel

compeling a compel+l+ing)
expel v ex +pel
expulsion n ex +puls+ion
impel v im +pel
dispel v (dis +pel
propel v pro +pel
propeller n propel +l+er)
repel v
re +pel
compulsion n com +puls+ion
compulsory a com+puls+ory)
pulse n
impulse n im +pulse
impulsive a impulse+ive)
repulse n (re +pulse;repel)
repulsive a repulse+ive)

compete

[km'pi:t] vi. pete seek

Companies must be able to compete in the marketplace.

We can compete with the best teams.

concentrate [knsntreit]
vi. vt. n.()
I can't concentrate on my work when I'm tired.

con centr centerate

19

conclude

[kn'klu:d]

vi.
vt.
What can you conclude from these meeting?
?
He concluded to quit on pay day.

con clude close

clos, clud, clus=close

closure n clos+ure;close
closet n clos+et
disclose v dis +close
enclose v en +close
conclude v con +clude
conclusive a conclude+ive)
exclude v ex +clude
exclusive a ex+clus+ive)
include v in +clude
inclusive a in+clus+ive)
preclude v pre +clude
preclusion n preclude
recluse

n re +cluse[]

reclusive a recluse+ive)
seclude v se +clude
seclusive a seclude+sive=seclusive)
occlude v oc +clude
occlusion n oc+clus+ion)

confuse [knfju:z]vt.
They asked so many questions that they confused me.

You confused Australia with Austria.

con fuse fussfuss

20

Consist

[knsist]vi.(of)(in) sist stand

A university consists of teachers, administrators and students.

,
The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors.

The information consists with his account.

Sist= stand,
assist v as +sist
assistant n assist+ant
consist v con +sist
consistence n consist+ence)
desist v de +sist
exist v ex+sist
existence n exist+ence)
insist v in sist
insistence n insist+ence)
persist v per sist
persistent a persist+ent)
resist v re sist
resistance n resist+ance)
irresistible a ir resist ible
subsist v sub sist
subsistence n subsist+ence)

construct [knstrkt]
vt.() n.
It took them two years to construct the bridge.

He constructed a new theory.

con struct straw

struct=build

structure n
construct v con +struct
constructionn
reconstruct v re +construct
destruct

destrructiblea de +struct+idle
destruction n a de+struct+ion
destructive a de+struct+ion
21

instruct n in +struct[]
instruction n in+struct+ion
instructor n
obstruct

v ob +struct

obstruction n
substruction n sub +struct+ion
instrument n in +stru[=struct]+ment
instrumental a instrument +al
instrumentality n imstrument +aliy
destroy v de +story[=struct]destructildle

Consume

[kn'sju:m] sume

v.
She consumed most of her time in reading.

The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.

contain [kntein]
vt.
The pill contains vitamins.

I could not contain my laughter.

con tain take in

tain ten tin= hold

attain v at +tain
contain v con +tain
entertainment entertain+ment
detain v de +tain
maintain v main[=man ]+tain
pertain v per +tain[]
obtain v ob +tain
retain v re +tain
sustain v sus +tain[]
sustenance n sus+ten+ancesustain
tenable

adj.

tenacious a ten+acious .
tenancy a
tenure n ten+ure
content n [kentent]a.com +ten
discontent a dis +content
22

convey [knvei]
vt.
I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.

Passengers are conveyed by bus to the air terminal.

A wire conveys an electric current.

con vey way

convince

[knvins]

vt.
Your argument is too weak to convince me.

I was convinced that he knew the truth.

con vince victory," from com- intensive prefix +

vincere "to conquer" (see victor).

Cooperate

[kupreit]

vi.
I am so happy to cooperate with you.

Let's all cooperate to get the work done quickly.

co operate

correspond

[krispnd] respond = answer

vi.(with)(to)
His words correspond with his action.
Have you been corresponding with him? ?

Criticize

[kritisaiz] critic

vt.
Don't criticize all the time.

Don't get me wrong, I wasn't trying to criticize you.

,

23

D
Describe

[diskraib]

vt.()
Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.

He described in detail how the accident happened.

de scribe
scratch

scrib script
Scribble ['skribl] v. n.
Script [skript] n.

script scribe script

Ascribe [skraib] vt.(to) a

Circumscribe [s:kmskraib]vt. circum- circumstances
Conscribe [kn'skraib]v. con-
Inscribe [in'skraib] v. in on
Manuscript [mnjuskript]n. man u script
Prescribe [priskraib]vt.()() pre-
Subscribe [sbskraib]vi.(to) vt. sub-

dismiss [dismis]
vt.
He was dismissed from the hospital a week later.

The teacher dismissed the class on time.

He was dismissed from his job.

She dismissed the idea of going to Paris.

dis apart miss mit

Missile [misail]n.
Mission [min]n.-
Message [mesid]n. mess=miss
Commit [k'mit] v. (), ... com-mit-

Emit [imit] vt.() e=ex out mit

Permit [pmit, p:mit]v.() n. per-mit
Transmit [trnzmit, trns-]vt. trans- = acrossmit
24

Deceive

[disi:v]vt.

I deceived him and he found it out.

,
I was deceived into thinking that he was trustworthy.
,
de ceive catch
ceive ceptcipcipate
Conceive [knsi:v]vt./ vi.(of) (con-ceive -)
Perceive [psi:v]vt. per-ceive
Receive [risi:v]vt. re-ceive
<ceive cept ei ev pt b pt >
Accept [ksept]vt.(,),

ac-cept

Concept [knsept]n.con-cept
Except [iksept]conj. prep.ex-cept
<cept cip e i t >
Anticipate [ntisipeit]vt.(),;, anti-cipate
Participate [p:tisipeit]vi.(in) part cipate

Decorate [dekreit]vt.
My mother decorated the house with flowers.
How much will it cost to decorate this house .
dec decent [di:snt]a.or ate

Decrease

[dikri:s, di:kri:s]v. n.()

They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.

crease growde increase

cre,creas=grow,make,
create v cre+ate
creative a create+ive )
creature n create+ure
recreate ['rekrieit] v re +create[]
recreation n recreate+ion)
decrease v de +crease
decrement n decrease
increase v in +crease
increment n increase
25

crescent [kresnt] n a.cre +escent

decrescent [di'kresnt] a ;de +crescent
procreate v pro +create
procreative a procreate+ive)
concrete a n.con +crete[=cre ]
concretion n ;concrete+ion)

Define

[difain]

vt.
Do you know who defined man as a rational animal?
?
The boundary is not clearly defined.

de fine finish

Deposit [dipzit]
n. vt.
You can deposit your bags at the counter.

He deposited 5,000 dollars in the bank.

You must pay a deposit if you want to reserve the room.

,
de-posit pose

pos put
Position [pzin]n. vt. pos
Posture [pst]n. vi. ure post
Compose [kmpuz]vt.com-pose
Depose [dipuz]vt. de-pose -
Expose [ikspuz]vt.(to) ex-outpose

Impose [impuz]vt.(on)()() im pose

Oppose [puz]vt. op-pose
Propose [prpuz]v. pro-pose

26

Depress [dipres]
vt.
I feel depressed.

Rainy weather always depresses me.

de-press

Design [dizain]
n. vt.
The experiment is designed to test the new drug.

He designs for our dress department.

de sign

Despise

[dispaiz]

vt.
You must not despise a man because he is poor.

Honest students despise cheating.

de-spise = spect

Expect [ikspekt]vt. ex-

Inspect [inspekt]vt.

in = into

Prospect [prspekt, prspekt]n. vt. pro=forward

Respect [rispekt]vt./ n.[ pl.] re-
Suspect [sspekt, sspekt]vt. n. a. su sub =under

Detect [ditekt]
vt.
I detected anger in her voice.

tect coverde away from

27

Devise

[divaiz]

vt.
He devised a new method of teaching writing.

devise = devide

Digest

[didest ]

vt. n.
It took me some time to digest what I had heard.

I have digested most of the important points in the book.

Disguise

[disgaiz]

vt. n.
She disguised herself as a man.

You needn't disguise your feelings.

Dispute [dispju:t]
n. vt. vi.
They are disputing about the rights and wrongs of the case.

The couple disputed where to spend the holiday.

The dispute was settled last week.

dis pute think

pute

compute v com +pute[]

computable a compute+able)
computer n compute+er)
dispute v dis +pute
disputable a dispute+able)
disputatious a dispute +atious
impute v im +pute
repute n re +pute
reputation n re+put+ation)
disrepute n dis +repute

28

E
Encourage [inkrid]
vt.
Her success encouraged me to try the same thing.

en-courage core heart courage heart

Enforce [inf:s]
vt.
Don't enforce your will on the child, please.

He enforced high standards.

The police department enforces the law.

en-force

Enlarge

[inl:d]

v.
I planned to enlarge this photograph.
The house was enlarged with a new wing.
Could you enlarge upon your plan? ?
en-large

Entitle [intaitl]
vt.()
What entitles you to order us about?
?
He entitled the book "Love Story".

en-title ---

29

Eliminate

[ilimineit]

vt.
Our goal is to eliminate poverty.

Let us eliminate all uncertain on thought.

e= exlim=limit

Embarrass

[imbrs]

vt.
You didn't embarrass me in the slightest.

He was embarrassed by many debts.

Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements.

em=intobarrass barbar to block

1670s, "perplex, throw into doubt," from Fr. embarrasser, lit. "to block," from

embarras "obstacle," from It. imbarrazzo, from imbarrare "to bar," from in- "into, upon" + V.L. *barra "bar."

Embrace

[imbreis]

vt. n.
They embraced each other warmly.
She embraced his offer to help her with her English.
em=into brace

Emerge

[im:d]

vi.(from)()
The moon emerged from behind a cloud.
Nothing emerged from the bilateral talks.
e=ex =outmerge sink in
emergee

30

Emphasize [emfsaiz]
vt.
My boss emphasized that everyone should come on time.

He emphasized the importance of careful driving.

em=en phas vision ph v a i

vis = phasize 1570s, from

L. emphasis, from Gk. emphasis "significance, indirect meaning," from empha-, root of emphainein "to present,
show, indicate," from en- "in" + phainein "to show" (see phantasm).
phan
Phantasm ['fntzm] n.
Phenomenon [finmnn]n.
Fantasy [fntsi]n. ph f
vis
Vision [vin]n.()
Visible [vizbl]a.
Visit [vizit]n.
Televise [telivaiz]v. tele vise
Revise [rivaiz]vt. vi. re-return vise

Envy

[envi]

vt. n.
I envy you your good luck.
en=uponvy vi = vis

Employ

[impli]

vt. n.
Our company employed about one hundred people.

How do you employ your spare time?

?
em=in ply plait
...

31

Enclose [inkluz]
vt.
I enclose my photograph with this letter.
en-in close

Endure [indju]
vt. vi.
I could endure it no longer.

I cannot endure listening to that any longer.

They vowed their love would endure forever.

en=indure harden hard dure Hard h

ardard dara u -dur edure

Establish

[istbli]

vt.
Our company was established in 1994.
1994
e stabl stableish

32

F
Fade [feid]
vi. vt.
The color fades when exposed to light.

The sound of the footsteps faded away.

Fasten

[f:sn]

vt.
We shall be landing (at Gatwick airport) shortly please fasten your seat-belts.
()--
It was wrong of you to fasten the blame on him.

The old lady fastened her eyes on the stranger.

fast

Forbid

[fbid]

vt.
Smoking is forbidden in this office.

I forbid you to tell anyone.

for

for bid

Forgive

[fgiv] for-give

vt.
I'll never forgive you!

He forgave her for what she had said to him.

33

Found [faund]
vt.
They founded a college.

His theory is founded on facts.

Fulfil/fulfill [fulfil]
vt.
The task has been fulfilled.

I pledged myself to fulfil the promise I had made.

fulfill,ful=full fill

Furnish [f:ni]
vt.
How are you going to furnish the house?
?
I'll furnish you with all you need.

furn form f b u r n m
furn= form

34

G
Gain [gein]
v.()() n.[ pl.]
He has gained rich experience in these years.

No pain, no gain.

g getget gain

Generate [denreit]
vt.()
Investment generates higher incomes.

gene gaea ge-

er ate
ge,gn
gene

[di:n] n.

Pregnant [pregnnt] a. pre-gn ant

Cognate [kgneit] a. co-gn ate
geology [dildi] n. ge-ology

glance

[gl:ns]

vi. n.
He glanced round the conference room.

Have you got time for a glance at this report?

?

glare

[gle]

vi. n.
They stopped arguing and glared at each other. ,
The sunlight glared on the ice.
This color glares.

35

glimpse [glimps]
vt. n.
She drew aside the window-curtain and had a glimpse of the river.
,
I had a glimpse of her feeling.

grasp

[gr:sp]

vt. n.
She has a good grasp of the English language.

You must grasp this opportunity.

I don't grasp your meaning.

36

H
Hasten [heisn]
vt.
I hastened home to tell my family the good news.

He hastened to apologize.

h=hurry

heal [hi:l]
v.()
Time heals most troubles.

heal health heal

Hesitate

[heziteit]

v.
Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.

He did not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.

Hurry

[hri]

vi. vt.() n.()

Hurry up and get ready we're waiting!

He was in a hurry to leave.

She hurried home to tell them the news.

37

I
insist

[insist]

v.()
She insisted that he was wrong.

He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.

He insisted on/upon my going with him.

Invent

[invent]

vt.
Can you tell me who invented the telephone?

We must invent an excuse for our absence.

vent walk v-we-a n-l t k vent-walk

Prevent [privent] vt. pre-vent
Event [ivent] n. e vent
Convention [knvenn] n.con-vent

Imitate [imiteit]
vt.
You should imitate great and good people.
He can imitate his teacher perfectly.
im image

Imply

[implai]

vt.
Do you realize what his words imply?
?
Do you imply that...?
?
im=in ply in ply

38

impress

[impres, impres]

vt.
...;[W][H]
I was very impressed by his story.

She impressed me as a scholar.

im=in press

infect

[infekt]

vt.
the flu virus infected almost the entire class.

The captain's courage infected his men.

in-fect
fect
Factory [fktri]n. ory
Manufacture [mnju'fkt] v. man-u fact ure
Affect [fekt]v. af fect
Defect [difekt, di:fekt]n. vi. de-
Effect [ifekt]n.[ pl.] vt. ef=ex =out

Perfect [p:fikt, pfekt]a. vt. per-fect

Inform [inf:m]
vt. vi.(against)
I informed his wife of his safe arrival.

inquire [inkwai]
v.
She inquired why he had not thought of that before.

Why don't you inquire by telephone?

?

39

intend [intend]
vt.()
I intended to catch the early train, but I didn't get up in time.

I intend to study abroad.

What do you intend to do today?

?
tend tent tens =stretch
attend v at +tend
attendant a n.attend+ant
attention n at+tent+ion[]
attentive a attend +tive
tend v
tendence n tend+cnce
tendency n tend+ency
contend v con +tend
extend v ex +tend
extension n ex+tens+ion
extensive a ex +tens+ive
extent n ex +tent[]
intend v in +tend
intended a
intent n intend
intention n intent +ion
intense a in +tense
intensify v in+tens+ify
pretend v pre +tend[]
pretension n pre +tens+ion
pretentious a
distend v dis +tend
tension n tens+ion
tensible a tens+ible

interrupt [intrpt]
v.
I don't want to interrupt you. Go on with your story.

inter-rupt rub
rupt=break,
rupture n rupt+ure)
40

abrupt a ab +rupt
bankrupt a bank = bench +rupt
bankruptcy n bank+rupt+cy)
corrupt a cor +rupt
corruption n cor+rupt+ion)
disrupt v dis +rupt
disruption n disrupt+ion)
erupt v e +rupt
eruption n erupt+ion)
interrupt v inter +rupt[]
interruption n interrupt+ion)

invest

[invest]

v.()
He invested all his money in real estate.

I decided to invest this project.

41

J
Justify [dstifai]
vt.()
Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam.

Can you justify your action?

just ify

L
leak

[li:k]

v.() n.
Who leaked the news to the press?

Lest

[lest]

conj. = in case
Hide it lest he (should) see it.

We dare not play jokes on him lest he should become angry.

lick

[lik]

vt.() n.
The cat is licking its fur.

42

M
Maintain

[meintein]

vt.
Ann and Mary maintained their friendship for the next thirty years.

Frank maintains his car very well.

He maintains that he once saw a UFO.

Mr. Smith maintains his son at college.

tain= take in = hold

O
Object [bdekt

bdikt] v. ... n.

No one objected to the plan.

Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job.
,,
I don't know the names of the objects in this lab.

ob away ject jet

ject
abject a ab +ject+
conjecture n con +ject+ure[]
deject v de +ject
dejected a deject+ed)
eject v e +ject
ejection n eject+ion)
inject v in +ject
object n v. ob +ject
43

objection n object +ion)

objective a n. object+ive)
project v n. pro +ject
projection n project+ion)
trajectory n tra +ject+ory
subject n a. sub +ject_
subjection n sbject+ion)
subjectivity

n subject +ivity)

reject v re +ject
rejection n reject+ion)

observe

[bz:v]

vt.
He pretended not to observe our entry.
They carefully observed the behavior of deer.
This law must be strictly observed.
He observed that it was a lovely day.
serve see observe see
conserve v con +serve
conservation n conserve+ation)
conservative a conserve+ative)
observe v ob +servesee
observation n observe+ation)
observance n observe+ance)
observatory n observe +atory
preserve v pre +serve
reserve v n. re +serve
reserved a
reservoir n reserve +oir[]

Occupykjupai]
vt.
She is occupied in writing a novel.

Reading occupies most of my free time.

The enemy soon occupied the town.

Mr. Justin occupies an important position in thecompany.

cup , cap a u cap catch

44

 cap
Capacity [kpsiti]n. cap ac ity
capacious [k'peis] adj. capacity
caption [kpn]n.()()
captive [kptiv]a. n. cap
capture [kpt]vt. n. cap
captious [kps]a.

occur

[k:]

vi.(to)()
Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.

It occurred to me to visit my teacher.

A brilliant idea occurred to me.

currun-
Cur
a u carcar cur
cur
current

[krnt]a. n.

cur

currency [krnsi]n.
curriculum [krikjulm]n.()curr+iculum

oppress

[pres]

vt.()
She was oppressed by many troubles.

The king oppressed his people with terrible taxes and punishments.

suppress

45

P
prevent [privent]
vt.
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds.
C
Who prevents their plans from being carried out?
?
vent to come Ven
= walk invent

Produce

[prdju:s, prdju:s]

vt. n.()
The factory produces 1,000 cars a week.

The opera was first produced in 1970.

His arrival produced a sensation.

duce duce dukeduke

duce = duke = to lead
duce
educe v e +ducc
reduce v re +duce
seduce v se +duce

pronounce

[prnauns]

vt.
I don't know how to pronounce this word.

The doctor pronounced that he was recovering nicely.

The judge pronounced a sentence of death on the murderer.

nounce nuncio- - messenger

nounce nuncio

46

 nounce,nunci= speak,

announce v an+nounce
announcement n announce+ment)
denounce v de +nounce
renounce v re +nounce
enunciate v (e +nunci+ate

protect

[prtekt]

vt.
These rare tigers are protected by special laws.

tect cover
detect v. de +tect
detection n. detect+ion
detective n a detect +ive
undetected v un +detect+ed
protectory n protect+ory

prove

[pru:v]

vt. vi.
I'll prove to the world that he was right.

The rumor proved true.

ve b v ve =bepro prove = to be

provide

[prvaid]

vt.
These books will provide us with all the information we need.

early 15c., from L. providere "look ahead, prepare, supply," from pro- "ahead" + videre "to see" (see vision).
visvid see Visit
vis
visidle a
vison n
visonary a vision+ary
visual a
47

visualize v visual +ize[]

advise v ad +vis+e [][]
advisory a
previse v pre +vis+e
revise v re +vis+e
revision n
supervise v super +vis+e

punish

[pni]

vt.
The teacher punished her students for cheating in the exam.

punpen pay pay finecompensate

penance n pen+ance)
penal a ren+al) penalty n penal+ty)
penalize v penal+ize)
penitent a penit[=pen ]
repent v re +pent
punish v pun+ish)
impunity n im +pun+ity

persuade [psweid]
vt.
She persuaded me into buying it.

per- thoroughlystrongly su say

praise

[preiz]

v./ n.()
I'm sure I don't deserve so much praise.

The publishers praised his novel pretty highly.

praise price

predict [pridikt]
vt.
I can predict something with great accuracy.

48

 dict,dic=say,assert, dict tell

dictate v dict+ate
contradict n contra +dict
edict n e +dict
indict v in +dict
abdicate v ab +dic + ate
dedicate v de +dic +ate
indicate v in +dicate
predicate v pre+dic+ate

R
Receive [risi:v]
vt.
I've just received a telegram.

His speech was well received.

ceive cap catch

conceive conceive

conceivable conceive
deceive de
perceive per ceivemind
receive re +ceive

Refuse [rifju:z, rifju:s]

v. n.
He refused my offer of help.
Martin refused to discuss the matter.
fus=pour,
pfpourors
s
confuse v con +fuse
diffuse v a. dif +fuse_
effuse v ef +fuse
infuse v in +fuse
profuse a pro +fuse
suffuse v suf +fuse
transfuse v trans +fuse[]
refute v/n re +fule[=fuse]st
49

relax [rilks]
v.()
The music will help to relax you.

lax loosere

Remain [rimein]
vi. n.[ pl.]
She remained in her office all afternoon.

She remained silent all night.

Several problems remain to be solved.

manmain=stay

permanent a per +man+ent

permanence n
immanent a im +man+ent
remain v re +main
remainder n remain+der attainder
maintain v main+tain

repair

[rip]

n. vt.()
I'm all at sea; I've no idea how to repair cars.

Tom tried to repair his mistake.

par=get ready

parade n ( )
prepare v pre +pare
repair v re +pair
apparatus n ap+par+atus

50

reply [riplai]
v. n.
He has not yet replied to my question.
I did not know what to reply.

ply plait
...

plic, pli, ply= fold ,

complicate v com +plic+ate

explicate v ex +plic+ate
implicate v im +plic+ate[]
explicit a ex +plic+it[]
implicit a im +plic+it
replicate v re +plic+ate[]
accomplice n ac+com +plice[]
apply v ap+ply[]
comply v com +ply[]
imply v im +ply[]
supply v sup +ply[]
pliable a pli+able

report [rip:t]
v./ n.()
It is reported that twenty men were killed in the clash. ,
He is reading a report of the state of the roads.
Port=carry, pass pass over
portable a port+able
portage n port+age / postage
porter n port+er)
portfolio n port+folio []
comport v com +port []
comportment n comport+ment)
disport v/n dis +port
deport v de +port
deportation n deport+ation)
export v ex +port
import v im +port
importance n import+ance
purport n pur[=per ]+port
support v sup +port[]
transport v trans +port transportation n
transport+ation)
51

*require [rikwai]
vt.
The roof requires repairing.

The director required that we should work all night.

Quest,quir, quis, quer= seek, search, query

question n quest+ion)
quest n
imquest n in +quest
request v/n re +quest
acquire v ac +quire
acquisitive a ac +quis+itive
disquisition n dis +quis+ition
inquire v in +quire
inquisition n in +quis+ition
require v re +quire
conquer v con +quer
conquest n con+quest)
query n quer+y)

release [rili:s]
vt. n.()()
Release the dog. He has been chained up for hours.

This releases them from personal responsibility.

A new movie is to be released tonight.

lease loose

Remark [rim:k]
v.()(on)() n.
The editor remarked that article was well written.

He had a habit of making humorous remarks.

52

 mark= sign ,

marksman n marks +man

remark n re +mark
remarkable a re +mark+able
landmark n land +mark
bookmark n book +mark)
hallmark n hall +mark
trademark n trade +mark)

resign [rizain]
vi. vt.(to)
I've made a decision to resign.

She resigned her children to the care of her sister.

He resigned himself to his fate.

Sign=mark,
signal n
signalize v signal +ize)
assign v as+sign
assignment n assign+ment)
signature n sign+ature
signet

n sign+et etcigaretwallet

signify v sign+ify
significance n sign+ific +ance[]
significant a
consign v con +sign[]
consignment n consign+ment)
design n/v de +sign
designate v de+sign+ate
ensign [ensain]n en +sign
insignia [insigni] n in +sign+ia
resign v re +sign[]
resignation n

53

S
Satisfy [stisfai]
vt.()
That answer won't satisfy her.

Our company will do everything to satisfy our customers.

You can't apply for the job until you have satisfied certain conditions.
,
Are you satisfied that he is telling the truth?
?
Her remarks satisfied his doubts.

Both sides strove to satisfy the contract.

sati,satis,satur=enough,full of food, sufficient

satiable ['seiibl;'seiibl] a sati +able)
satiate [seiieit v sati+ate)
sate v
satisfy v satis+fy
satisfaction n satisfy
satisfactory a satisfaction)
saturate [streit] v satur+ate
saturation [st'rein] n satur+ation)
saturated a saturate+ed)

serve

[s:v]

v.()()
My father served in the navy during the Second World War.

Serv=serve, keep , slave

service n
serviceable ['s:visbl;'s:visbl] a service +able)
servile [s:vail] a serv+ile[]
servility [s:'viliti;s'vilti] n "serv+ility,servile
servant n serv+ant
deserve v de +serve[]
disserve v dis +serve

54

succeed [sksi:d]
v.
He succeeded in getting the job.

ced, ceed, cess=go, come

cede cede
accede ac+cede
antecede ante cede
antecedent antede+ent
ancestor an=ante+cest=cess+or
concession
intercede inter cede
precede pre cede
precedent precede+ent
procedure pro ced+ure
recede
re cede
secede se cede
excess
excessive
proceed pro ceed
process
proceeds pro+ceeds
access
accessible
inaccessible
succeed suc ceed
success
succession
successive
recess re cess
recession recess+ion()

suppose

[spuz]

vt.
I suppose he is still in town.

You're not supposed to take the books out of the room.

Suppose the car should break down again.

55

 Pos, posit=put,

pose v
compose v com +pose
discompose v dis +compose
composure [kmpu] n com +pos+ure[]
composition n com +posit+ion
composite [kmpzit] n com +posite
depose v de +pose de +pose
deposition n depose)
dispose v dis pose[]
disposed a
disposition n dis +posit+ion
indisposed a in +disposed
expose v ex +pose
exposition n expose)
impose v im +pose
opposite a op +pos+ite
repose n re +pose[]
transpose v trans +pose[]
proposal n pro +pos+al
purpose n pur +pose
position n posit+ion[]posit

positive a posit +ive)

apposite a ap +posite
apposition n ap+posit+ion[]
deposit v n. de +posit
depositary n deposit+ary)
imposition n impose)
repository n re +posit+ory
supposition n sup +posit+ion[]

specialize [spelaiz]
vi.(in)
Dr. White specialized in children's diseases.

speci=look, kind, species

special a speci +al[]
speciality n special+ity)
specialize v special+ize)
specific a
specification n specific+ation)
specimen [spesmn] n speci+men
conspecific [knspi'sifik] a con +specific)
specious [spi:s] a
56

stimulate

[stimjuleit]

vt.
The government will do everything in its power to stimulate economic growth.

sting stinctstimul=priek sting

sting v n. stingy a sting+y[]
distinguish a dis +stingu[=sting]+ish
distinguished a
extinguish v ex+stingu+ish
distinct a dis +stinct
distinctive a distinct+ive
distinction n distinct+ion
extinct a ex+stinct extinguish
extinction n
instinct a in +stinct
stimulate v stimul+ate
stimulation n
instigate v in +stig[=stinct]+ate[]

submit

[sbmit]

vi.(to) vt.
He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council.

She refused to submit to his control.

Miss,mit= send,cast,

mission n "miss+ion,"
missionary a n. mission ary
commission n com miss+ion
dismiss v dis miss
emissive a e miss ive
emission n emiss+ion)
emissary n e miss+ary
remiss a re miss
remission n re miss+ion
omission n o miss+ion
permission n per mission
permissive a permissive)
submission n sub mission
submissive a sub+miss+ive)
transmission n (transmiss+ion
premise n pre mise
promise n pro mise
57

surmise v sur mise

demise v de mise
admit v ad+mit
commit v (com mit
committee n commit+t+ee)
emit v (e mit
intermit v inter mit
intermittent a intermit+t+ent)
omit v o mit
permit v per mit
remit v re mit
submit v sub mit
transmit v trans mit

suspect

[sspekt, sspekt]

vt. n. a.
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.

We suspected their honesty.

I suspect they'll come.

Spect, spic= look, see,

aspect n a +spect
circumspect a circum +spect
circumspection n
expect v ex +spect
expectation n expect+ation)
inspect v in +spect
inspection n inspect+ion)
perspective n per +spect+ive
prospect n pro +spect
prospective a prospect +ive)
prospectus n pro+spect+us
respect v/n re +spect[]
respectable a respect+able)
respectful a respect+ful)
respective a re +spect+ive[]
retrospect v retro +spect
retrospective a
suspect v sus +spect
suspicion n sus+spic+ion
suspicious a sus+spic+ious)
spectacle [spektkl] n
spect+acle spect+acle
58

spectacular [spektkjul] a spect+acularspectacle

spectator n spect+ator
speculate [spekjuleit] v spec+ulate
speculation n spec+ulate
auspice [':spis] n au +spice[]
auspicious [:spis] a auspice+ious)
conspicuous [knspikjus] a con +spic+uous
despicable [dispikbl] a de +spic+able
despise [dispaiz] v spis=spic)
perspicacious [p:spikeis] a per +spic+acious

59

T
transfer

[trnsf:]

v./ n.()
She has been transferred to another department.

Her father transferred her to a better school.

You can take the subway and then transfer to a bus.

trans-tran- fer bringB f e i

bri = fer

Transform [trnsf:m]
vt.
His plans were transformed overnight into reality.
Success and wealth transformed his character.
The situation has been greatly transformed.
form trans-

Transport [trnsp:t]
vt. n.
The goods will be transported to Tokyo by air.

The city must improve its public transport.

port trans-

port
Port

[p:t]n.

Porter [p:t]n.
Portable

[p:tbl]a. able

Passport [p:sp:t]n. passport

Import [imp:t, imp:t]vt./ n.[ pl.] im=in port
Export [iksp:t]n.()() v. ex-out
Report [rip:t]v./ n.() re-return
Support [sp:t]vt./ n. sup=sub

60

U
Underline [ndlain,

ndrlain]

vt.
The key words are underlined.

This example underlines the consequences of bad management.

under-line

Undertake

[ndteik]

vt.
We undertook a trip to the west.

The work was undertaken by market department.

under-take

Utilize

[ju:tilaiz]

vt.
In a magazine you can utilize a picture of your product.

Can you utilize a computer in your work?

?

utilize use

Utter

[t] ut = outspeak out

vt.() a.
We didn't utter a word during the test.

61

V
Vanish [vni]
vi.
When I turned around, she had vanished.
,
van-

vacuum n vac+uum
vacuous a
vacant [veiknt] a
vacate [veikeit] v vac+ate
vacation n
evacuate v e +vac+uate
evacuation n
vanity n van+ity
vanish v van+ish
evanescent [evnesnt] a e +van+escent ..
evanescence

void a n.
avoid

v a+void

avoidance n avoid+ance
unavoidance a un +avoid+able
devoid a ..de +void

Vary

[veri]

vi. vt.
He never varied his habits.

That sort of thing varies from person to person.

verify [verifai]
vt.
It was easy to verify his statements.

Her prediction was verified.

62

W
Wander [wnd,

w:n:dr]

vi.
He wandered in the streets.

The stream wanders through the forest.

wander wind

Withstand

[wistnd]

vt.
The walls can withstand high winds.

Explorers have to withstand hardships.

with- againststand

Witness [witnis]
n.() vt.
I witnessed the traffic accident.

I was a witness to the argument.

wit vidvis v w

63

64