Non-Modifiable Factors -Hereditary -Age greater than 60 years old -Gender -Race

Modifiable Factors -Increase Protein and Cholesterol Intake -Smoking -Use of analgesics

Decreased renal blood flow Primary kidney disease Damage from other diseases

Loss of excretory renal function Excretion of nitrogenous waste Decreased sodium reabsorption in tubule Water Retention Hypertension Heart Failure Edema Decreased potassium Hyperkalemia Uremia Decreased phosphate Hyperphosphatemia Metabolic acidosis Decreased calcium Hypocalcemi Hyperparathyroidism Decreased potassium Increased potassium Decreased hydrogen excretion

BUN and Serum Creatinine

Loss of Sodium in Urine

Decreased glomerular filtration

Hypertrophy of remaining nephrons

Dilute Polyuria

BUN, Creatinine Uric Acid Proteniuria

Hyponatremia

Inability to concentrate urine

Dehydration

Further loss of nephron

Pericarditis

Loss of nonexcretory renal function

CNS changes

Failure to convert inactive forms of calcium

Impaired insulin

Production Of lipids

Bleeding Tendencie

Calcium absorption

Erratic blood glucose level

Advanced atherosclerosis

Hypocalcemia