TEX LATEX

.
Ktw Gatza
385 00 Bloc

,
,
!

Abstract
Existing TEX hyphenation patterns for typesetting modern Greek texts
do not take into accound the grammatical differences between the old polytonic (multi-accent) writing system and the new monotonic (uni-accent)
writing system. Also, those patterns have been found to contain several
hyphenation mistakes. To correct this, new hyphenation patterns were
written from scratch based on the rules of the Greek grammar. This paper
describes the logic behind the new hyphenation patterns and the inherent
difficulties in automatic hyphenation of Greek texts. The new hyphenation
patterns, which can be used with the greek option of babel or Dryllerakis
GreeKTEX, are available for free from CTAN.

Esagwg

TEX LATEX,
, . ---.
-. , ---,
-, .., . ,
>Anaparagwg

katpin deac p t

Etupon, No. 4, >Apr. 2000, ssv. 1

with permission from Eutypon, no. 4, Apr. 2000, pp. 116.

16. Reproduced

 -,
, .., .
Internet (patterns) TEX: rgrhyph.tex .
[1], grkhyphen.tex . [2], gehyphen.tex . [3] grhyph.tex C. Beccari [4].
[2],
rgrhyph.tex ( \endinput TEX
). [3],
greektex
DOS, .
, .
Beccari [4]
( ), ( ), ( ). . ,
.
, [1]
, , . ,
, [5].
()
( ) .
,
TEX 7-bit Levy [6] . (
[1], [2] babel [7]
.) ,
TEX, (
),
.

Pc sullabzei t

TEX

TEX
TEXbook [8]. [9]
TEX:
TEX plain latex,
hyphen.tex (

UShyphen.tex, FRhyphen.tex, ...), .

, x1y2z.
:
,
.
x1y, x-y
xy.
x1yzw, x-y
xy
zw.
x1y x2yabc, xy ,
xy abc. , 2
x y.
: 3
2, ... [. . . ]
( )
( ) .
, .xy2z.
xyz.
7-bit Levy [6] (
, ):
a1
e1
...
2l1l
...
.
, , , ..,
mygreek.fmt. , , .., mytext.tex.

, mytext.tex,

\selectlanguage{greek}
:
\righthyphenmin=1
\lefthyphenmin=1
3


...
>alla
...
mytext.tex TEX:
tex &mygreek.fmt mytext.tex
TEX (>alla), a1 . 2l1l
. 2 1,
- TEX
-, .

<H dhmiourga beltiwmnwn kwdkwn sullabismo gi t na llhnik

.
. , .
,

. ,

[10],
[5],
19761981
[11] [12].

PATGEN [13],
. ( )
[ ] [9].
, TEX,
.
. ,
!
:

()
, : ..,
----. : a1 e1 h1 i1 o1 u1 w1.
: a4|1 h4|1 w4|1.
()
: a2i a2i . . . u2<i u2<~i.
: a3u e3u o3u u3i.
()

.
-, - - (..,
--, --, --, -, ...), -, - - (.., --, -, -,
...). TEX : a2h a2"i . . . i2a
i2a . . . u2~w. :
a3h . . . <u3.
, : .., ---, ---. , TEX
.
(--) (---), (-)
.
()

: 6b. 6g. 6gk. . . . 6y. .b6 .g6 .gk6 . . . .y6.

,
: 6 6b 6g . . . 6y.
()
: 4b1b 4g1g . . . 4r1r 4>r1<r 4s1s . . . 4y1y.
() , ,
: 4b1z . . . 4y1q. ,
:

4r5g2m
4r5j2m
4l5k2m
4n5k2f
4g5x2t
st2f
4m5y2t

(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(--)
(-)
(-)

tz2m
sj2m
4g5k2f
4r5k2m
4r5x2t
4r5q2m

(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(--)
(-)

,
. , 4r5l2s -. (

), ( -).
() , -, - -
. , () ,
. [11] [12],
, .
, , 4g1k,
4m1p 4n1t. , [5]. ,
: .., -, --, -.
: .., --- (.), - (.), - (.), ... ,
[9]
: [14]

:
.giou5g2ko
.kara5g2ki
...
.qa5n2tr
.qa5n2tr

-
-
...

, , .., --, -,
.., \hyphenation{...}.
, , ,
. .
.
, : 4g1kt (--), 4m1pt (-), 4n1tz (--) 4n1ts (---).

()

, - (-), - (-), ...
,
. , ()
: -, ..
,
[15] : 6br. 6kl.
6kt. . . . 6tr. 6ft..
()
, .., - (--). , : 6g2k5m2 . . . 6ts5n2t.
(
.)

VEna perama

, bplain
( bplain plain,
[16]). :
\lefthyphenmin=1
\righthyphenmin=1
\language=1
\def\mygreektext{>Ekeinh thn Pempth...
.
.
... to~u Ma"iou.}
\showhyphens{\mygreektext}
\vfill\eject\end
( . 1.) , TEX:
tex &bplain hy-test
.log (., TEX
) (., TEX
). , [1] Beccari [4]. , 1, .
. (3%)

 ,
. ,
, TEX
.
>Ekenh tn Pmpth, krioc >Iwsf, mparmprhc ka mnimoc qjrc mac, mpke
s sfounac stn al mac ki rqise n orlizei ti t trell katski mac,
ponomazmenh {>Amljeia}, fage t nerntzia tou. <H lmyh st moustki to
{taqusbarnist}  llic {sopedwt}  geton mac eqe xafaniste ka t
ghtr tou moiaze n qei traumatiste nepanrjwta. {J sc kmw mnusin!},
gkrize, {di t dndro mou t rhmagmnon!}. Tn pomnh, greue c pozhmwsh
mi dwdekda bg. <O mprmpac mac >Alkoc, po eqe nalbei n mrei t
rlo to patra mac p tte po kenoc qjhke stn >Albana, to epe m t
qarakthristik qwritikh profor tou: {D m lc br njrwpe, t s kamei
to katsk? To katsk d ntrei nirtzia  lic trei!} <O asqrc getonac
pmene st biol tou ka, stn komporumwsnh ka t jum tou, mprdeue lxeic
pantelc sqetec: {Dn emeja ltrousta, krioi! N bg oka mn ec
t sfur! J sc mhnsw ec t pojhkofulkeion, ec t pourgeon! Dn enai
dunatn t pronta mn n gnontai brsic mac agc!} Ede ki peide mna
mac danesthke pnte bg p tn jei mac, bale ki lla ft dik mac ka t
pge st {kakopoi masma}, pwc sunjize n pokale tn krio >Iwsf. . . Tn
jummai kma m t mara roqa ka t sfrgisto panri st qria thc, mprc
p t {nuprblhton} platskalo to rqontoqwrith mparmprh  ra po
due lioc st jlassa, na lektrofro liobaslema to Maou.

Sqma 1: T kemeno po qrhsimopoijhke kat tn dokim tn kwdkwn sullabismo.

Pnakac 1: Sugkritik potelsmata dokimc kwdkwn sullabismo nwn ellhnikn.
Sflmata >Astoqec
>Arqeo kwdkwn
(%)
(%)
rgr-hyph.tex [1]
25
13
grhyph.tex [4]
3
16
Noi beltiwmnoi kdikec
0
3
5

Po j brete toc nouc kdikec sullabismo

GRPhyph?.tex GRMhyph?.tex, ?
(2). ftp

 pub/TeX/greek/hyphen  (obelix.ee.duth.gr).
CTAN.


babel .
.

Eqaristec
. , McGill ,
.

>Anaforc
[1] . (1990), rgrhyph.tex, vers. 1.1. CTAN: tex-archive/
language/greek/yannis.
[2] . . (1994), grkhyphen.tex, GreeKTEX, vers. 4.0.
ftp://laotzu.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/tex.
[3] . (1994), gehyphen.tex. CTAN: tex-archive/language/
greek/greektex.
[4] C. Beccari (1997), grhyph.tex (1997). CTAN: tex-archive/language/
greek/package-babel/hyphenation.
[5] . . (1975), , 0 . , , , , 2142.
[6] S. Levy (1988), Using Greek fonts with TEX. TUGboat 9, 20-24.
[7] C. Beccari A. Syropoulos (1998), New Greek fonts and the greek
option of the babel package. TUGboat 19, 419425.
[8] D. E. Knuth, The TEXbook (1989). Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachussets, USA, pp. 449451.
[9] Y. Haralambous (1992), Hyphenation patterns for ancient Greek and
Latin. TUGboat 13, 457469.
[10] . . (1987), , 0 . , , 3034.
[11] , 0 . (1979).
, , . 1121 211.

 [5]. , () , .

[12] , 0 . (1985).
, , . 1125 211.
[13] F. M. Liang, P. Breitenlohner and K. Berry (1996), PATGEN: PATern
GENeration Program, vers. 2.3. CTAN: tex-archive/systems/knuth/
unsupported/texware/patgen.web.
PATGEN :
Y. Haralambous (1993), A small tutorial on the multilingual features of PatGen2. CTAN: tex-archive/info/patgen2.tutorial. ,
PATGEN : P. Sojka (1999), Hyphenation on demand,
TUGboat 20, 241247.

[14] . . (1967), , 0
. , , , .
[15] . . (1967), , .
[16] J. Braams (1998), bplain.tex, babel, vers. 3.6. CTAN: tex-archive/
macros/latex/required/babel.

10

Pararthma
Katalogoc sumplegmatwn apo klitec lexeic xenik hc proeleushc pou
perieqoun arrina diyhfa sumfwna gk, mp kai nt. Merikec aparaithtec
exaireseic parousiazontai me eswterikh odontwsh.

gk
bg2k
4l5g2k
4n5g2k
4r5g2k
sg2k
4t5g2k
.giou5g2ko
5g2krant.
>emi5g2kr
>i5g2kou
>intri5g2k >intri5g2k
.kara5g2ki
.ma5g2kio
.mpa5g2k
.mpi5g2k
.nta5g2kl
.nta5g2kl
.xe5g2k .xe5g2k
.saltipa5g2k
.si5g2k
.spa5g2k .spa5g2k
.fio5g2k .fio5g2k
.qouli5g2k .qouli5g2k

giou-gkoslaboc
Bolgko-gkrant
emi-gkrec
i-gkouana
intri-gka
kara-gkiozhc
ma-gkioroc
mpa-gkatela mpa-gketa
mpi-gkonia
nta-gkla
nta-gklarac
xe-gkastri
saltipa-gkoc
si-gkouna
spa-gkoc spa-gkorammenoc
fio-gkoc fio-gkaki
qouli-gkan qouli-gkanismoc

mp
4z5m2p
4l5m2p
4n5m2p
4r5m2p
sm2p
>ala5m2pou
>a5m2ak >a5m2pak
>a5m2pan
>a5m2par >a5m2p ar >a5m2par
>a6m3pari >a6m3pari
>a5m2pr
>ara5m2p
>arlou5m2p >arlo u5m2p >arlou5m2p
.bo5m2pir .bo5m2pir
.ga5m2pi .ga5m2pi
.ze"i5m2p
>i5m2pra
.kala5m2pa
.kali5m2pr .kali5m2pr
.ka5m2pad
.ka5m2pare .ka5m2pare .ka5m2pare
.ka5m2pin .ka5m2p in .ka5m2pin

ala-mpournezika
a-mpakoc
a-mpanozi
a-mpara a-mparwnw
am-pari
a-mpri
ara-mpac
arlou-mpa
bo-mpirac bo-mpiriasmenoc
ga-mpia
zei-mpekikoc
i-mprahm
kala-mpaliki
kali-mpra kali-mprarw
ka-mpadikoc
ka-mpa-re ka-mparetzou
ka-mpina ka-mpinec

11

.ka5m2pot .ka5m2pot .ka5m2pot

.kaou5m2p
.kara5m2p
.kara6m3pol .kara6m3pol
.karna5m2p
.ke5m2p
.koli5m2pr
.kolou5m2pr .kolo u5m2pr .kolou5m2pr
.ko5m2pr .ko5m2pr
.ko6m3press .ko6m3press
.kontra5m2p
.koulou5m2pr .koulo u5m2pr .koulou5m2pr
.kou5m2pou .kou5m2po u .kou5m2pou
.kwlou5m2pr .kwlo u5m2pr .kwlou5m2pr
.li5m2pr
.lo5m2p
.manito5m2p
5m2pa5m2p
5m2pa5m2p
.mpa6m3paki .mpa6m3paki
.mpaske2t5m2p
.mpasi5m2pouz
5m2pehc. 5m2pehc. 5m2pehs. 5m2pehs.
5m2peh. 5m2peh. 5m2pehdec.
5m2pehdes. 5m2pehdwn.
5m2pe5m2p 5m2pe5m2p
.mpi5m2p
5m2pogi
.mpo5m2pir .mpo5m2pir
.mpo5m2pot .mpo5m2pot
.mpou5m2poun .mpou5m2po un .mpou5m2poun
.no5m2pel .no5m2pel
.nto5m2pr .nto5m2pr
.xe5m2p .xe5m2p
>o5m2po >o5m2po
.re5m2p
.re5m2p
.repou5m2pl .repou5m2pl
.ro5m2p
ro5m2pa ro5m2pe ro5m2pw ro5m2p w
ro5m2pa ro5m2pe ro5m2pw
tro6m3p tro6m3p
.rou5m2p
.sa2m5pot
.se5m2pr
.ska5m2pab
.sno5m2p
so5m2pa so5m2pe so5m2pw so5m2pa
so5m2pe so5m2pw so5m2p w
.sou5m2p .sou5m2p
.tabla5m2p
.ta5m2p
.ta6m3peram
.ta6m3po url .ta6m3pourl

12

ka-mpoto ka-mpotinoc
kaou-mpohc
kara-mpina kara-mpinieroc
karam-pola
karna-mpiti
ke-mpap ke-mpaptzhc ke-mpec
koli-mpri
kolou-mpra
ko-mpra
kom-pressa
kontra-mpaso kontra-mpanto
koulou-mpra
kou-mpouri kou-mpourac
kwlou-mpra
li-mpreto
lo-mpu lo-mpi
manito-mpa
mpa-mpac mpa-mpakac mpa-mpeshc
qazo-mpa-mpac
mpa-mpw
mpam-paki
mpasket-mpwlistac
mpasi-mpouzo ukoc
Petro-mpehc k.a.o.

mpe-mphc mpe-mpa mpe-mpekoc

bouturo-mpe-mpec
mpi-mpero mpi-mpelo
nero-mpogia lado-mpogia
mpo-mpirac mpo-mpiriasmenoc
mpo-mpota
mpou-mpounac mpou-mpounizw
no-mpel no-mpelistac
nto-mproc nto-mprosunh
xe-mparkoc
o-mpoe o-mpoistac
re-mpethc
re-mpeloc
repou-mplika repou-mplikanoc
ro-mpot ro-mpotikh
ro-mpa gkarntaro-mpa
palioro-mpa
trom-poni trom-pa
rou-mpini
sa-mpotaz sa-mpotarw
se-mproc
ska-mpabia
sno-mparia sno-mpismoc
so-mpa xulo-sompa
sou-mpitoc
tabla-mpac
ta-mpouri ta-mpou ta-mplac ta-mpela
ta-mpakiera
tam-peramento
tam-po urlo

te-mpesiri
tza-mpa tza-mpatzhc
tzana-mpethc tzana-mpetia
Tzi-mpouti Tzi-mpali
tzou-mpec
to-mproc to-mprosunh
tra-mpala tra-mpalizomai
tra-mpo ukoc tra-mpoukismoc
tsa-mpa tsa-mpatzhc
tsi-mpouki
tsi-mpousi
fa-mprika
fra-mpalac
qa-mpari qa-mperi
qo-mpu qo-mpi
qontro-mpalac

.te5m2pes
.tza5m2p .tza5m2p
.tzana5m2p
.tzi5m2p
.tzou5m2p
.to5m2pr .to5m2pr
.tra5m2pal .tra5m2pal
.tra5m2po uk .tra5m2pouk .tra5m2pouk
.tsa5m2pa .tsa5m2pa
.tsi5m2pouk .tsi5m2pouk
.tsi5m2pous .tsi5m2pous
.fa5m2prik .fa5m2prik
.fra5m2p
.qa5m2p
.qo5m2p
.qontro5m2pa

nt
b5n2t
z5n2t
l5n2t
mn2t
r5n2t
sn2t
>a5n2tatz
>atra5n2te >atra5n2te
.bi5n2te .bi5n2te
.giaqou5n2t
.gibe5n2t
.gkai5n2t .gka"i5n2t .gka"i5n2t
.likbi5n2tar
.ka5n2ta"i .ka5n2ta"i
.ka5n2tr
.ma"i5n2t
.ma5n2tam .ma5n2tam .ma5n2tam
.ma5n2tem .ma5n2tem
.me"i5n2ta .me"i5n2ta
.mo5n2tel .mo5n2tel
mo5n2tern mo5n2tern
.mpala5n2t .mpala5n2t
.mpa5n2tan
.mpe5n2t
.mpi5n2t
.mpou5n2ta
.mpou5n2tr
.nisa5n2t
.nta5n2t
.ntermpe5n2t
5n2tiban
.ntou5n2touk .ntou5n2to uk
.ntou5n2touk
.xe5n2t xe5n2t
>o5n2ta >o5n2ta >o5n2t a
.reze5n2t
.re5n2ti .re5n2ti
.ro u5n2t .rou5n2t
.se5n2tef .se5n2tef

a-ntatzio
atra-ntec
bi-nteo bi-nteokamera
giaqou-nthc
gibe-ntizw
gkai-nta
likbi-ntarismoc
ka-ntaifi
ka-ntrilia
mai-ntanoc
ma-ntam ma-ntamitsa
ma-ntemi
mei-ntani
mo-ntelo mo-ntelismoc
mo-nterno metamo-nternismoc
mpala-nta
mpa-ntanac
mpe-nteli mpe-nteni
mpi-ntec
mpou-ntalac
mpou-ntroumi
nisa-ntiri
nta-nta
ntermpe-nterhc
mpaoulo-ntibano
ntou-ntouka
xe-ntunw xe-ntutoc
o-ntac
reze-nta
re-ntikolo
ro u-ntoc
se-ntefi

13

se-nto uki
tsa-ntila tsa-ntiri
fastfou-ntadiko
qa-ntoumhc
qa-ntra qa-ntr wn

.se5n2to u .se5n2tou .se5n2tou

.tsa5n2ti .tsa5n2ti
.fastfou5n2t
.qa5n2to
.qa5n2tr .qa5n2tr

14


, .
\hyphenation{...} GRPhyph?.tex.
--
-- -- --
--
--- ---
-
---
-- --
-- --
-- --
--
- - -
-- -- --
-- --
-- --
-- --
-- --
- -
- -
- -
-
--
-

15