Concise

Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures

Prepared by ec-team

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Contents

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Introduction

Version 0.1 This Eurocode concise is a summery of the EN 1993 (Eurocode 3). It only describes the most important parts. It can not stand alone. Knowledge to the complete Eurocode is necessary when using the concise. This concise is an ideal tool for students, technicians and engineers as a reference to the Eurocode. This paper has been prepared by the ec-team who is also behind the website www.eurocode.info The purpose of the website and this paper is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the Eurocode program. As stated in Guidance Paper L the European Commission encourages to the

production of handbooks, design aids, software etc to facilitate the implementation of the EN Eurocodes.

The www.eurocode.info is a private funded project. The service and all material on the site are free of charge. This document may not be distributed in other ways than from www.eurocode.info. It may not be sold or made any commercial profit with it. ec-team do not warrant, guarantee, or take any representations regarding the use, or the results of use, of the written materials in terms of correctness, accuracy, correctness or otherwise. The format of this paper is A5. If printed it is recommended to print it on A5 paper. ec-team copyright 2006 page 3

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Material

Structural steel properties1:

Modulus of elsticity Shear modulus Poissons ratio Thermal expansion coefficient Density E G g 210.000 N/mm2 81.000 N/mm2 0,3 12 x 10-6 C-1 7850 kg/m3

Yield- and ultimate stresses in N/mm2 for structural steel according to EN 100252:
EN 10025 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 235 275 355 275 355 420 460 275 355 420 460 460 235 355 0 < t 40 mm fy fu 235 360 355 430 355 510 275 390 355 490 420 540 460 570 275 380 355 470 420 520 460 550 460 570 235 360 355 510 40 < t 80 mm fy fu 215 340 255 410 335 490 255 370 335 470 390 520 430 550 255 360 335 450 390 500 430 530 440 550 215 340 335 490

N/NL N/NL N/NL N/NL M/ML M/ML M/ML M/ML Q/QL/QL1 W W

1 2

EN 1993-1-1, 3.2.6 EN 1993-1-1, 3

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Determination of maximum permissible value of element thickness3:

TED ED cf Referance temperature Stress acompanying the referance temperature Strain rate Degree of cold forming fy ( t) T T .cf
-10 40 60 90 25 40 60 65 90 45 65 95 -20 35 50 75 20 35 50 55 75 40 55 80 85
o

C
1

MPa sec %

Yield stress at a given thickness: Temperatur allowance for strain rates: Temperatur allowance for cold forming:
o

t fy.norm 0.25 1mm 1440 fy ( t) 550 3 cf

-30 30 40 60 15 25 40 45 65 90 30 45 65 75 -40 25 35 50 15 20 35 40 55 75 25 40 55 65 85 55 70 95 -50 20 30 40 10 15 25 35 45 65 25 30 45 60 75 45 60 80

ln

4 10

1.5

sec

Permissible thickness t in mm TED [ C] S 235 JR S 235 J0 S 235 J2 S 355 JR S 355 J0 S 355 J2 S 235 JR S 235 J0 S 235 J2 S 355 JR S 355 J0 S 355 J2 S 235 JR S 235 J0 S 235 J2 S 355 JR S 355 J0 S 355 J2 10 60 90 40 60 90 90 0 50 75 35 50 75 75 Ed=0,75 fy(t)

125 105

Ed=0,50 fy(t) 125 105 65 95 55 80

170 145 125 105

135 110

Ed=0,25 fy(t) 135 155 100 175 155 135 115 100 110 95 80 70 95 60 80

200 200 175 155 135 115 100 150 130 110

200 175 150 130 110

EN 1993-1-10, 2.3

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Resistance of cross-sections

Partial factors: m0 m1 m2 1.00 1.00 1.25 cross-sections members to instability assessed by member checks cross sections in tension to fracture

Yiels criterion for elastic verification:

x.Ed z.Ed x.Ed z.Ed Ed + + 3 1 fy fy fy f y fy M0 M0 M0 M0 M0

Conservative approximation for class 1, 2, and 3: NEd NRd + My.Ed My.Rd + Mz.Ed Mz.Rd 1

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Tension

Design criterion: NEd Nt.Rd Plate with hole: Nt.Rd

A fy NEd M0

MIN Npl.Rd , Nu.Rd A fy M0

)
0.9 Anet fu M2

Npl.Rd

Nu.Rd

Anet MAX A t d0 , t n d0

4p
s
2

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Compression

Design criterion: NEd Nc.Rd Class 1, 2 and 3: Nc.Rd A fy m0

Class 4: Nc.Rd

Aeff fy m0

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Bending moment

Design criterion: MEd Mc.Rd Binding about one axis: Class 1 and 2: Mc.Rd Mpl.Rd Mpl.Rd Wpl fy M0 Wel fy M0

Class 3:

Mc.Rd

Mel.Rd Weff fy M0

Mel.Rd

Class 4:

Mc.Rd

Binding about two axis: M M y.Ed + z.Ed 1 Mpl.y.Rd Mpl.z.Rd

2 2 6

5 2 6 page 9

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Shear

Design criterion: VEd Vc.Rd Plastic design: Vc.Rd Vpl.Rd Vpl.Rd

Av

Fy 3

Shear area Av:

A 2 b tf + tw + 2 r tf hw tw A 2 b tf + tw + r tf 0.9 A b tf hw tw

M0

rolled

( (

rolled

rolled

welded

) )

welded

A hw tw
A h

rolled

b+h A b

rolled

b+h 2 A

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Elastic design: Ed 3 M0 fy Ed VEd S I t 1

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S I

y A Secound area of moment of the whole cross section VEd hw tw b tf hw tw

I and H sections:

Ed

0.6

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Torsion

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Bending and shear

Shear may be neglicted if 0.5 VEd Vpl.Rd

Design criterion: MEd Mc.Rd Binding about one axis: Class 1 and 2 Mc.Rd Mpl.Rd Mpl.Rd Wpl fy ( 1 ) M0 Wel fy ( 1 ) M0

Class 3

Mc.Rd

Mel.Rd

Mel.Rd

Class 4

Mc.Rd

Weff fy ( 1 ) M0 Av

2 VEd 1 Vpl.Rd

Fy 3
Av : see "shear"

Vpl.Rd

M0

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Bending and axial force

Design criterion: MEd MN.Rd

Class 1 and 2:

Allowance for NEd only if: y-y axis: NEd 0.25 Npl.Rd and: NEd z-z axis: NEd y-y axis: MN.y.Rd Mpl.y.Rd ( 1 n) 1 0.5 a 2 Wpl.y A fy NEd M0 M0 A + 2 b tf 0.5 hw tw fy M0 hw tw fy M0 NEd 0.25 A fy m0

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z-z axis: if: NEd M0 A fy A 2 b tf A

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MN.z.Rd

Wpl.z fy M0

else: MN.z.Rd MN.z.Rd

Mpl.z.Rd 1

2 na 1a

2 N Ed M0 A 2 b tf A fy A Wpl.z fy 1 A 2 b tf M0 1 A

Class 1 and 2:
y-y axis: MN.y.Rd z-z axis: MN.z.Rd Mpl.z.Rd ( 1 n) 1 0.5 af 2 Wpl.z A fy NEd M0 M0 A + 2 h t Mpl.y.Rd ( 1 n) 1 0.5 aw 2 Wpl.y A fy NEd M0 M0 A + 2 b t

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Binding about two axis: M M y.Ed + z.Ed 1 Mpl.y.Rd Mpl.z.Rd

2 2
5 N Ed A f y

M0 1

2
1.66 6

N Ed 1 1.13 M0 A f y

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Bending and axial force

Allowance for V Ed only if: VEd 0.5 Vpl.Rd Use the above calculations, but reduce the yield strength to:
2 2 V Ed fy.M.V.N fy ( 1 ) fy 1 Vpl.Rd 1 Fy Av 3 V

pl.Rd

M0

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Buckling

Imperfection factor

rolled

0,21 for h/b >1,2 0,34 for h/b 1,2 0,34 for h/b >1,2 0,49 for h/b 1,2 0,34

0,21 for hot finished 0,49 for cold formed 0,49

rolled

welded

0,34

welded

0,49

Factor k for determining the buckling length Lcr

For limitations and additional sections see table 6.2, EN 1993-1-1

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Compression members

Design criterion: NEd Nb.Rd Class 1, 2 and 3: Lcr 1 + Nb.Rd Class 4: Substiture ande Nb,Rd with: Aeff Lcr i A 1 Aeff fy M1 k L 235 fy Lcr i E fy 1 1
2

Lcr k L i

Buckling length Buckling length factor Length of member Radius of gyration Imperfection factor

0.5 1 + ( 0.2) + 1 A fy M1
2 2

1.0

Nb.Rd

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Bending and axial compression

page 20

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Bolts, rivets or pins

page 21

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Bolts and rivets

page 22

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slip resistant

page 23

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Combined tension and shear

page 24

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Pin connections

page 25

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Welded connections

page 26

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Fillet weld

page 27

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butt weld

page 28

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Structural joints

page 29

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Basic components

page 30

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Beam-to-column joints

page 31