ANSI/AWS B1.

11 - 88

8 7 6
( )

Translated By:

M.RezaZadeh
Technical Inspection Engineer
TIJD Inspector for South Pars Project (sp678)

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.1
1-1 .

. ) (VI
.
.
. .
) (American Welding Society
.

.
.

.

.
1-2 .

. .
:
) (1
) (2
) (3
.

.
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
.
-2
2-1 .
.
.
2-2 .
.
.
. )(
AWS ) (CWI
) (CAWI .
2-3 .
.
.
.

.
2-4 .
. .
) ( .
.

) (Interpass ) (Distortion
. .
2-5 . )(

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.

.

-
83/07/13

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
.

.

.
.
2-6 . )
( .
) (Certification . ) CWI
( )(CAWI .
.
2-7 . .
) )UV( (...
.
-3 .
3-1 .

. .

.
.

.
.
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
.

) ( .
.
3-2 .
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8

.
. .
.
3-2-1 ).(Hold Points

.
.
3-2-2 .

.
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

. ) (flexible .
.
) ( .
. 45 .

-6

.

) (Marking system .
)(
.
.
.
.

.

.

.


5-5-3

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

) .(Taper gage


) (gap .



)( 43
.

-42

5-5-4 . Hi-Lo Hi-Lo ) (Mismatch gage

) ( .
)(
. 44 .

-44

-43
5-6 ) .(Fiberscopes and Borescopes

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

. .
-
.
3-2-3 .
.
.
.
3-2-4 .
.
. .
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.
.
.

. (T-joint) T
.

.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

3-3 .
. .
.
:
) (1 )(weld root bead
) (2
) (3
) (4
) (5
) (6
) (7 .

.
3-3-1 .
.

. .
.
) (slag )(chipping
) (thermal gouging ) (grinding .
.
.
.
3-3-2 .
.
.
. ) (shrinkage

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

41 .

.
.
.

-41

-40

5-5-2 .
.
) (weld reinforcement )(root opening
.
. 42
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

5-3 .
.
500 500
. )25( .

. 37 .
5-4 .
.
.
3 38 .
) (pyrometer .

. ) (probe
.
.
.
39 .
5-5 ) (.
5-5-1 ) (fillet weld gage
1
(3/2mm) in (25 mm) 1 in .
8
.
.
40
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
.
3-3-3 .
.

.
.

.
3-4 .
.
.
.
:
) (1
) (2
) (3
) (4
) (5
) (6

. .

.
3-4-1 . :
) (1
) (2
) (3

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

) (4)(
) (5
) (6
) (7
) (8 ) (

.
) (Cyclic
.
.
)(Undercut ) (Overlap

.


.

)( ) (Fillet
.
) (Groove
. .
3-4-2 .
. )(

.
.
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
.

. )(
.
.
.
5-1-2 .
.
.

.
.

.

.
.
.
.

.
5-2 .
.
). (.
36
.

1100F 590) 1200 F 650 ( .

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

) (fatigue .
4-15 ) () .(spatter
.
.
.

.

.
35 .

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

315) 600F ( .

.
3-4-3 .
.
.
.

.
.4

-5
5-1 . .

.
:
) (1
) (2
) (3
) (4
) (5) (fiberscopes )(borescopes
) (6

.
5-1-1 .
.

4-1 . ) (Discontinuities
) (Rejectable
. .
. ) (Visual Inspection
.
) (Subsurface ) (NDE.

. ) (Defect .

.
.

.
) (Weld Metal ) HAZ Heat
(Affected Zone ) (Base Metal .

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

: ) (Butt Joint
) (T ) (Corner ). (Lap

. ) (Tungsten inclusion
) (gas tungsten arc welding
.

.
.

AWS ANSI/AWS A3.0
.

" "
:
. 1
. .
4-2) .(Porosity
.
.

.
4-2-1 ) :(Scattered Porosity
)(
.
.

.
2 .

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
4-13 .
. 32
.
.

)(
. 33 )( .
)(
.
) (undersized weld . 34 .

-34

-32

4-14 ) .(Arc strikes

) (localized remelted metal
.
.

.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
:
) (1
) (2
) (3
29

-29
.
4-11 ) .(Slag inclusions
) (entrapped .

.

.
.
) (subsurface
30 .

. .
4-12 ) ( .
) (groove weld .
31
. ) (notch effect
.
.
.

4-2-2 ) : (Cluster & Linear Porosity

.
.
. .

.
3 .
4-2-3 ) :(Piping Porosity )
(
. .

. 4
.
4-3 ) . (Incomplete Fusion
. 5
. 6



.



.
5

.
7
. 8 9 ) " ("Cold lap

-31

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

. )(GMAW
.
4-4 ) .(Incomplete joint penetration

. 10 .
Single V Groove
.
T
.


.


.
) (back gouging
-10

.

. ) (Backing ring
). (11
12 .
4-5 ) . (Undercut

) (Notch effect .


.

4-10-4 ) .(Crater Cracks

) ( .
) (Star cracks
.

. 25
. 26

.
4-10-5 ) .(Toe cracks
. ) (restraint stresses
.
) (
.
27 (T-Joint) T 28
.

.

.


27
.
4-10-6 ) .(HAZ
) (HAZ
) (HAZ .
.

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

.
) (HAZ
.
) (HAZ .

) (Porosity .

.
13 . 14
) (Fillet weld .
4-6 ) . (Underfill
.
.

.
15
-15
. " "
.
16
) (flux cored arc weld
.
4-7 ) . (overlap )(weld toe
)( .


. ) adhering
(oxides
. 17
.
-17
) (mechanical notch
. 18 .
4-8 ) . (Laminations
) (elongated

21

.
) (Heavy Sections
) (High Restraint .
) (Ductility .
21 . 22
) (linear porosity .
23
.
4-10-2 ) . (Throat Cracks
.
. 24 .
4-10-3 ) . (Root Cracks
. .

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

ANSI/AWS B1.11-88

) (Hydrogen embrittlement .

. 19 .
.

. ) (penetrant
.

. ) shrinkage
(cavities .
) (plates .
) (forge welded
.

.
4-9 ) .(Seams and Laps
) (forged .

) (lamellar .
)(
)( .
.
.
.
.
4-10 ) .(Cracks
) (Ultimate strength .
.

.

.
20
.
.
. .
.
" " .
. .
4-10-1 .
.
) (HAZ
.